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This research aimed to study the optimal condition of natural color extraction from the bracts of Bougainvillea glabra and to develop a cosmetic product containing color lake from the red-purple bracts. The dye extraction was optimized for three conditions (solvent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and extraction time) and analyzed by spectroscopy. The obtained dye was synthesized into lake pigments in 7 different salts. Then, the red-purple lake was investigated by colorimeter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Lipstick containing the pigment was developed. The optimal condition for dye extraction from the bracts was with 50% ethanol, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, and an extraction time of 30 minutes. Interestingly, the paper flower lake pigment was only prepared from aluminum chloride. The whiteness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) of the aluminum lake were 37.51 (±1.62), 10.23 (±0.12), and 12.65 (±0.22), respectively. The infrared spectrum of the aluminum lake sample appeared at a wavenumber of 1624.38 cm-1 that indicated carbonyl group (C=O stretching) connected with amide bonds. All of the lipstick formulations containing aluminum lake in this experiment were not sweaty. The lipstick consisting of 1% red-purple lake had the closest color with the master formula (∆E=1.24), aand its melting point was 65.3 (±0.3) °C. In conclusion, this research found a novel cosmetic ingredient to overcome the lipstick sweating problem.

This research presents the design and fabrication of a semi-automatic paper petal compression machine with a pneumatic system to crease paper petals for making artificial flowers. The description comprises the procedures of defining operating characteristics for the machine, drawing its function diagram, designing the pneumatic circuit and the electrical circuit, calculating and choosing the dimensions of pneumatic components, and studying optimum paper petal compression conditions and appearances of creases on the paper petals. The machine can be used to compress the paper petals in four positions at the same time. The experimental materials were the paper of 55 and 65 gsm which was cut in the petal shape. The experiments were done by rolling 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 pieces of paper petals into hollow cylinders of which four rolls of those with the same number of paper petals were compressed simultaneously at the operating pressure of 0.6 MPa. The results showed that the machine could be used to compress the paper petals of 55 gsm to provide quite noticeable and consistent creases in the range of 6 to 14 pieces per roll, while the paper petals of 65 gsm were in the range of 6 to 12 pieces per roll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variance of the brightness of pulp sent to the paper mill during the changing period of dry pulp grades affects the chemical control in the paper mill. This research aims to determine the mixing formula of pulp with different brightness from the EOP and D1 stages to handle this variation issue. This research uses response surface design with Central Composite Design type, regression technique and optimization technique to find the optimal setting of the mixing formula for each of the seven brightness levels to obtain the target brightness of 86% and the pH of 5.25. The mixing formulas are determined by the pulp mixing percentage and the sulfuric acid consumption. The experimental results reveal that when using higher EOP mixing ratio, the brightness decreases and the pH increases. Regarding the effect of the sulfuric acid, increasing the sulfuric acid makes the brightness and the pH decrease. After implementing the optimal formula in the production line, the mean of pulp brightness is closer to the target compared with the brightness before improvement and the brightness variation decreases without affecting the quality of other pulp grades, average of brightness decreased from 87.4% to 86.3% and standard deviation of brightness decreased from 1.09 to 0.46.

The study was undertaken to assess the heat released of briquettes produced from waste paper and groundnut shell admixture in five mixing ratios (90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; and 50:50). The briquettes were prepared on an existing motorized briquetting machine. The suitability of briquetted fuel as domestic fuel was studied in terms of flame propagation, afterglow, calorific value, and utilized heat, after sun drying the prepared briquettes for nineteen (19) days. The results of propagation rate and afterglow obtained for all the six compositions are satisfactory they range between 0.13 to 0.14 and 365 to 380 respectively. These energy values obtained for the whole samples are sufficient enough to produce heat required for household cooking and small scale industrial cottage applications. Finally it was observed that composition variation affects the properties of the briquettes.

The purpose of this experiment was to study the appropriate concentration of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the growth of Paper Flower, a climbing shrub. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was arranged comprising four treatments: control, and NAA at concentrations of 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg/liter. Each treatment consisted of four replications, ten plants per replication. The experiment was carried out during November, 2016 to March, 2017 at Nursery Building, Mahasarakham University. The results showed that the application of NAA at 2,000 mg/liter gave the highest root length, both root sizes and survival percentage for the cutting of Paper Flower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of research was to study the intensity of respirable dust exposure, irregular's respiratory system and behavior of personal protective equipment for respiratory protection in pulp and paper manufacturing factory employees in Khon Kaen. For a case study, we collected information from employees using 6 work scopes, in two departments1 Preparation of Materials2 Produce lime and chemicals for return [in total 18 examples]. We found that the Intensity of respirable dust in both departments had a mean equal to 0.22±0.13 mg/m3 and 0.12±0.06 mg/m3 respectively [95%CI=0.02-0.41] and there for passed the standards announced by the Ministry of Interior and Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]. Lung efficiency information derived from Annual Health checkups between 2013-2015 indicated that employees tend to irregular lung efficiency with values of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in 2 types as [FVC < 80% FEV1 and FEV1/FVC > 70% and FVC >80% FEV1 and FEV1/FVC < 70%] are increasing and employees [50 people, 60.98%] mostly choose a cloth mask for respiratory protection. 33 people [40.24%] did not wear a respirator because they found it uncomfortable. Hand cleaning after work' behavior occurred in 64 persons [78.05%] and the incidence of training in hazards from total dust within 1-3 mouths amounted to 57 persons [69.51%]. Even if intensity of respirable dust is not over standard levels, a hazard to health may accumulate in the long term. The factory should be more concerned with employees' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to study the optimal condition of natural color extraction from the bracts of Bougainvillea glabra and to develop a cosmetic product containing color lake from the red-purple bracts. The dye extraction was optimized for three conditions (solvent concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and extraction time) and analyzed by spectroscopy. The obtained dye was synthesized into lake pigments in 7 different salts. Then, the red-purple lake was investigated by colorimeter and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Lipstick containing the pigment was developed. The optimal condition for dye extraction from the bracts was with 50% ethanol, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, and an extraction time of 30 minutes. Interestingly, the paper flower lake pigment was only prepared from aluminum chloride. The whiteness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) of the aluminum lake were 37.51 (±1.62), 10.23 (±0.12), and 12.65 (±0.22), respectively. The infrared spectrum of the aluminum lake sample appeared at a wavenumber of 1624.38 cm'1 that indicated carbonyl group (C=o stretching) connected with amide bonds. All of the lipstick formulations containing aluminum lake in this experiment were not sweaty. The lipstick consisting of 1% red-purple lake had the closest color with the master formula (AE=1.24), aand its melting point was 65.3 (±0.3) °C. เท conclusion, this research found a novel cosmetic ingredient to overcome the lipstick sweating problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the macronutrients of earthworm manure derived from degradation of paper and organic waste. The two different species of earthworms used were Pheretima peguana (PP) and Eudrilus eugeniae (Common name: African Night Crawler) (AF). The vermicompost experiment was prepared by filling loose soil in two containers to 6 inch height (the weight of 13 kg), then sprinkling water to adjust the moisture content to about 70-80%. Each species of earthworm was then mixed with the soil for 0.2 kg each tank. Food for earthworms were prepared by mixing crushed fresh garbage and dry leaves (mixing ratio of 1:1 by weight) and paper waste and sprinkling with effective microorganisms (EM) for 50 ml/L. This combination was then applied to the fermenting containers for about 2 cm thick (the weight of 1 kg) and kept for 2 months. This experimental research and analysis was carried out at a laboratory scale. From the experiment of vermicomposting from degradation of paper and organic waste using two different species, the results showed that AF produced higher macronutrient content with total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and electrical conductivity (EC) at the highest levels of 0.440%, 0.030%, 0.352%, 11.770%, 16.277 Cmol/kg and 1.200 dS/m, respectively. The earthworm AF species are large in size, having high capacity to degrade organic waste. The organic waste used in this study was garbage with a variety of vegetables, food and dry leaves, which was rich in nutrient elements. The pH of all four earthworm’s manure varied from 7.347 to 7.667. Results from this study show that the earthworm species AF which has large body, could degrade organic waste well. In addition, the organic waste containing a variety of vegetable waste, food waste and dry leaves, which are sources of nutrients so that containing the nutrient elements in large quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study the sound levels, abnormal symptoms and the correlations between abnormal symptoms of noise exposure in workers and sound levels of paper plant. Measurement carried out by using sound level meter and abnormal symptoms questionnaire. The stratified random samples were 155 employees by collecting data during January to March, 2017. The results revealed that the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) 8 hour work day (TWA) were 75.5-89.4 dB(A). Department of Energy was the area that has sound at the highest level with 89.4 dB (A). Department of Maintenance support was the area that has the lowest sound level with 75.5 dB (A). The minimum sound level (Lmin) to maximum sound level (Lmax) was 71.7-97.9 dB (A). The minimum area of sound level was found at Department of Instant production with 71.7 dB(A) and the maximum area of sound level was found at Department of Chemical recovery production with 97.9 dB(A). The study of abnormal symptoms of noise exposure in workers by interviewing with 1 symptom were 30.32%, two abnormal symptoms were 21.94% and more than or equal three abnormal symptoms were 47.74%. Most of abnormal symptoms were stress, headaches, tinnitus, no concentration and dizzy. The correlations between abnormal symptoms of noise exposure in workers and sound levels of paper plant was no statistically significant. Sound prevention exceeded standard of paper plant should restrict sound level to meet the standard by measuring annually along with monitor abnormal symptoms of workers including study the others factor that correlated with abnormal symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to study the level of the important factors that can decrease total cost of pulp production. First of all, experts and experienced users identify the factors that affect the total production cost by applying the principle of 4M 1E cause and effect diagram. Then the primary factors were chosen based on 80% of their significance and tested by hypothesis for two population means. It was found that at the 95% confidence level the significant factors that have effects on the total production cost are amount of Effective alkali in white liquor and Kappa number. However, the proportion of easy delignification according to Eucalyptus species is considered as a significant factor based on various studies. Box-Behnken experiment is designed with respect to 3 mentioned factors and 3 levels of each factor. The response surface method (RSM) is employed to determine the non-linear relation between the total cost as the response and the proportion of easy delignification, amount of Effective alkali in white liquor and Kappa number. To minimize the total cost, the optimal values of each factor are 75% of easy delignification, 112 grams per liter of Effective alkali in white liquor and 13.5 of kappa number. Under this optimal condition, the average total cost per ton of Eucalyptus is 13,393.91 Baht which is significantly less than the total cost of 15,517.06 Baht per ton before improvement.

This study investigated municipal solid waste (MSW) composition, energy potential, and estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the current MSW management practice and the future MSW management scenarios of Mandalay municipality, Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Waste sampling was performed in March 2019 for two transfer stations, with garden and park waste accounting for 45.4 % by wet weight of MSW. Plastic, food, and textile waste accounted for 15.4, 14.4 and 11.0 wt%, respectively. The rest (13.7 wt%) comprised small pieces of wood, rubber, leather, paper, nappies, metal, and glass. The moisture content of MSW samples was 43.2 wt%. Based on this composition, the energy potential from MSW was approximately 2,357 TJ. The equivalent electricity production potential ranged from 5.2-10.3 MW, assuming an overall power plant efficiency of 10-20% and 300 working days per year. The amount of GHG emission from MSW management was estimated, using 2006 IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories, to be 94 Gg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) in 2019. MSW generation up to 2030 was forecasted using the univariate Grey model (GM (1, 1)). Under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, the GHG emission will increase to 820 Gg CO2-eq in 2030. This study proposed two alternative MSW management scenarios for GHG mitigation based on the Mandalay waste management strategy. The first scenario (S1) represented the case where waste collection efficiency and recycling were enhanced, and the composting and aerobic digestion facilities were operated. The second scenario (S2) described the case where additional material and energy recovery through reuse and recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion, and waste-to-energy power plant were implemented. S2 also included conversions of all landfills into semi-aerobic landfills. The results showed that in 2030, S1 and S2 could reduce GHG emissions by 6% and 55%, respectively, compared to the BAU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban development of Khon Kaen Province based on the development direction towards modernization, has physically changed the city in terms of infrastructure development and economic development. It has also influenced public service delivery aimed to respond to urban people’s needs while there are imagination and expectation that population can access to the modernized city. This article aims to present the urban development context of Khon Kaen Province and the rights of the Isaan poor population to be involved in the context of urban development. A qualitative study method was used by reviewing academic papers, research papers and articles, together with relevant information from focus group discussions with the urban poor people. The study found that urban development of Khon Kaen Province involved government and capital groups in important roles through various forms of economic development, especially infrastructure development. Prosperity distribution according to development directions, as the main city in the Northeast, including the development of modern cities, causes economic changes, and physical changes in the city, the area is expensive and this can create value. This creates a disparity in the right to have a share in the city of urban people, especially urban poor people who have limited subsistence resources. Still, their livelihoods are in line with urban changes. The urban poor people view the right to the city of access to housing as urban citizens, access to the utilization of urban spaces and activities. This includes the right to know, the right to express opinions, the right to self-determination, and the right to enjoy the benefits of the city. However, if it is to make urban poor people have the right to participate in the city like all urban people. It is important to recognize that the urban poor are important actors in their own development and mobilization as they do not lose their connection and belonging to the city

MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT) has been designed and developed for an ultra-low bandwidth communication and has been applied to used in Internet of Things (IoT). Recently, MQTT has been used in traditional TCP/IP networks. Yet, the ultra-low bandwidth and long-range communication of MQTT have been considerably increased. Previous proposed techniques still struggle to make MQTT compatible with Long-Range (LoRa) networks. In this paper, we have design and implement the Telemetry Media Access Control (TMAC). Our TMAC helps increase ranges of MQTT's data communications. We have experimented our TMAC using a network testbed. Experimental results have illustrated that our TMAC can transfer data over 5 kilometers with low network overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this academic article was to present the concept of responsible tourism applied in management to balance the three pillars of sustainability in national and international policy, product and service design in hotels, restaurants, and travel businesses related areas. The concept of responsible tourism is one of the tourism concepts that focusses on the responsible concerns of service providers and travelers by reflecting their concerns through the management process of product and service design to prevent behaviors of both service providers and travelers that may affect the environment and local identity. The design of products and services that conserve tourism resources, reflect environmental management, and sustainable management. The article showa examples of hotels’ and restaurants’ business policies that integrate environmental awareness processes with the design concept for the environment in the products and services design. The paper gathers information and analysis from national and international travel policies and trends, surveys and reports of global travel agencies, research papers, and industry examples that have implemented responsible tourism concept over the past two decades.Responsible tourism is not the responsibility of any one person but it is the duty and responsibility of us all to achieve sustainable development goals together

Coronaviruses are viruses causing diseases both in humans and animals. There are 7 strains reported to be capable of causing diseases in human including HKU1, NL63, 229E and OC43. These strains are causative agents for common cold having mild symptoms that can be alleviated by supportive care. The other 3 strains, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, are mutated strains derived from animal infected coronaviruses. Since human bodies have not been exposed to and have no immunity to these novel viral strains, they cause serious diseases in human including SARS, MERS and COVID-19. Moreover, these 3 coronaviruses spread worldwide, kill many people and enormously damage the global economy. This paper gathers information from publications about coronaviruses, especially the 3 novel strains spreading worldwide, to demonstrate their relationship. Having no intention to give profound information on any aspect, this paper is readable and comprehensible for the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes urban flood vulnerability using a vulnerability index which consists of four vulnerability issues encompassing social, economic, environmental and physical issues. The study was carried out by selecting variables affecting the flood vulnerability, collecting and analyzing corresponding data, developing equations for computing the flood vulnerability indices, and calculating the corresponding indices. Comparison of the flood vulnerability was made using data from three cities, namely, Hat Yai, Chiang Mai and Ubon Ratchathani. The results showed that the cities ranged from highest to lowest flood vulnerability were Chiang Mai, Hat Yai, and Ubon Ratchathani. In addition, Chiang Mai is considered to be the most vulnerable to social and environmental issues while Hat Yai is most vulnerable to the economic issues and Ubon Ratchathani is most vulnerable to the physical issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the development of hybrid monitoring and analysis software for those who are interested in hybrid analysis. When the machines were operating, the situations that made motor current, vibration and oil could demonstrate the characteristics of machinery status. Somehow, to provide engineers could detect and make maintenance plans by observing and collecting the data as speed and magnitude to compare with ISO standards. This may be of benefit in many industries such as aerospace and industrial power plant etc. เท the experiment, the software may collect the data from a sensor through Nl hardware. To experiment the project for testing by using the virtual machine, the experiment has gone through the motor rotation and add the mass on shaft to compare the data and distinguish the status that shows upon interface the program. เท this paper, the performance was analysed based on the RMSE between fuzzy logic and Neuro-fuzzy systems on MATLAB. The result errors obtained from fuzzy logic of 70% to 140% were relatively higher if compared to Neuro-fuzzy systems of 3% to 37% due to Neuro-fuzzy training from real hybrid data but fuzzy systems designed reference follow ISO standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the cascade PI controllers design for a boost converter using an adaptive tabu search algorithm. The dynamic model of the power electronic system derived from the generalized state-space averaging method is used as an objective function instead of the model from software packages. intensive time-domain simulation results show that the offered methods can provide a better response to the output voltage of the boost converter than the conventional method. In terms of the faster rise-time and settling time and lesser percent overshoot, which were 1.44 seconds, 2 seconds, and 0 percent, respectively.sAlso, this approach is useful and flexible for electrical engineerg to design a controller of power electronic systems with good performancs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to widespread internet access, deployment of internet banking systems has expanded exponentially. Banking on the internet has notable advantages, particularly in terms of convenience however, safety remains a major concern. Several different crimes have been committed against internet banking sites during the last few years, electronic robbery being one of the most common. As a result, several studies have recently been undertaken to better understand the safety issues of internet banking. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, none of the studies compare the safety of internet banking systems between Cambodia and Thailand. Hence, this paper proposes to comparatively study the safety issues of internet banking of three separate banks in Thailand and three banks in Cambodia. The study was done by observing the strength and weakness of the internet banking services by deploying every step of a transaction. The observation criteria were specified by integrating the knowledge from the following: analyzing past internet banking crime cases, following the guideline of the safety standard and analyzing previous literature. From our observations, we found some strengths and weaknesses in both of the countries. This study provides some meaningful guidelines that address the system's comparative strengths and weaknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the study of the format of learning activities of the “Miao” Song according to the folk philosophy in developing primary schools in Songtao district, Guizhou Province, China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems and countermeasures of Miao song culture in education. This paper describes a qualitative study and the data were collected from the survey in some Miao schools and the three local philosophers in the Songtao district. This paper analyzes the data collected from local artists and local Miao people through fieldwork investigation. The results are reported in two parts. The first aspect is the existing problems: 1) Lack of unified curriculum ; 2) Lack of teachers to teach Miao songs ; 3) No corresponding teaching materials for Miao songs ; 4) The traditional family inheritance mode is gradually disappearing. The second aspect is the difficulty: 1) The youths lack national cultural identity.

The Covid-19 pandemic had massive impact on the tourism sector of countries such as Thailand, which heavily rely on foreign tourism. This study aimed to study the role of marathon running events in provincial economy and analysed role of marathon events on provincial tourism of Thailand. Using SportStat Asia data of 41 running events during 2022-2023 from 21 provinces to verify affect of running events by dependent-samples t-test and multiple regression analysis, it was found that occupancy rate, number of stays, number of travelers and tourism income in the area of an event significantly increased in the month of competition. Additionally, the result confirmed that the number of runners also induced the expansion of those 4 indicators. This fruitful study suggests that academic knowledge and the proposal that each province in Thailand should launch marathon events with a theme and period associated with its identity and tourism season. The paper also provides a Thailand Provincial Marathon Calendar which will be updated every year in order to publicize for tourists who are interested in participating in marathon running and which will pave the way to the sustainable economic development.

The infrastructure development to promote countries’ socio-economic development in states with capitalist, socialist or mixed economies, has resulted to the expansion of urbanization which causes various problems such as traffic, pollution, environmental and social problems. This article aims to present development guidelines for high-speed trains for countries with capitalist and socialist economic systems in different contexts, including Transit Oriented Development’s principles and suggestions for integrated development of areas around Vientiane and Vang Vieng high speed train stations in Laos. It uses relevant data collection from interpretations from books, academic articles, research papers and journals according to qualitative research methodology. The study found the development of high-speed rail systems of each country is different depending on the context of the geographical area and focuses on building high-speed rail networks between cities and countries for various development dimensions. For the sustainable development of areas around high-speed railway stations in Laos, many dimensions should be integrated, these include the area/physical readiness of the area, the adaptation of the affected communities and the principles of Transit Oriented Development

Human activity recognition using streaming data from the accelerometer sensor of smartphone is still an interesting issue for researchers. Most researches develop the recognition model based on personal model type which require the training data obtained from only user who will utilize the model. To prepare the training data, the user must perform various activities and annotate them within the specified time. This is a major inconvenience for the users. In this paper, we propose a new smartphone-based dynamic framework for physical activity recognition named "ISAR+". The new framework is an impersonal (universal) model which can be built once and used on new users without requiring labeled training data from those users. Because the proposed model is adaptability with evolving data streams of each new user by using the incremental learning for real-time recognition. This work was validated the proposed model in terms of prediction accuracy and usage times on two public activity recognition datasets. The experimental results show that ISAR+ can achieve the best performance compared with the state-of-the-art models for streaming activity recognition, especially across different users and without inquiry from users. The ISAR+ has demonstrated the average accuracy more than 85% in both datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk collection centers collect raw milk from farmers and measure both its quantity and quality. Both data are used to calculate payments to farmers. Daily operations at the center include quality assessment, i.e. alcohol test, methylene blue test and somatic cell count. Laboratory assessment includes pasteurized count, total solid and somatic cell count. At present, the results of assessment are manually recorded on paper and are then inserted into an Excel file for money calculation. The serious problem with this method is that their errors occur during manual recording, delaying the calculation process because the workers must trace back and correct the errors. This research aims at 1) developing an innovation for milk collection centers by deploying information technology, and 2) reduce error and time during the data collection. We developed an information system following Model View Control (MVC) architecture, which allows for rapid development of the system, and, more importantly, support further scalability in the future. The developed system provides both convenience and precision in the data recording process, and helps reduce errors and time consumption significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the performance of speed responsesgiven by the direct vector control system of an induction motor. The four PI controllers are incorporated in such a control system with eight state-variables. The coefficient matrix of the above closed-loop system holds eight eigenvalues. The direct computation method and random selection was used to specify all the PI gains. The direct method proceeds with a decision on eight appropriate negative integers of eigenvalues and then solving a set of eight simultaneous polynomial-equations. All its roots become proper PI gains. The random selection assigns arbitrarily each PI gain to a positive integer. When all the parameters of the induction motor and its mechanical load match with the corresponding nominal values and when some parameters deviate from the corresponding ones, the direct method providesspeed responses preferable to those caused by random selection. Five instances are included in simulation. These involve matching between each parameter and the corresponding nominal value, atenfold increase of either rotor resistance, stator resistance, or moment of inertia from the corresponding one, andsimultaneously a fourfold increase of rotor resistance, stator resistance, and moment of inertia from the corresponding ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates design of a commercial aircraft at the conceptual design stage by considering 2 objective functions i.e. minimization of aircraft maximum takeoff weight and maximization of lift-to-drag ratio multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). Dynamic stability is taken as a design constraint while design variables include geometrical properties of the plane, consisting of the wing, empennage and fuselage. The aerodynamic coefficients of flight were calculated by using SUAVE (Aerospace Conceptual Design Environment) whereas dynamic stability analysis was achieved through using Athena vortex lattice (AVL) software. Pareto front obtained from various MOEAs are compared by Hypervolume. MOEAs are contained as MOEA / D, Two-Arch2, RPBILDE, PICEA-g, KnEA/A-ENS and KnEA. The obtained solutions for aircraft can be used for further design in the preliminary design stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making decisions about procuring cars for use in business is something that entrepreneurs should have well planned as cars are one of the assets that almost every business needs to use in their operations. Some have them for sale and some have them for use, e.g. for executive positions, for freight or as a staff shuttle bus etc. In terms of taxation, different car types may have different tax burdens of both corporate income tax and value added tax. Therefore, entrepreneurs should study the effects of each tax and practice correctly to avoid problems that may occur from offenses under the tax law. Offences can cause an increase of unnecessary expenses to entrepreneurs in the form of fines, penalties or criminal fines which are prohibited expenses in the calculation of the net tax profit. This paper studies and collects information from academic papers, relevant laws and discusses tax rulings of the Revenue Department which relate to a passenger cars or cars with up to 10 seats. This paper will be of interest to entrepreneurs or those interested in order to apply for their business’s planning. The paper outlines the different practices between accounting and taxation for a passenger cars or cars with t up to 10 seats in terms of purchasing, hiring and leasing both used in operations and used as a business product. Moreover, it summarizes laws under the Excise Tariff Act newly issued for double cabs which affects the tax practice on such cars.

Nowadays, most universities provide a learning management system (LMS) to support teaching and learning. These LMS provide an ability to publish learning content, announce news and exchange opinion etc. However, most students may not pay attention to LMS when compared with online social media which play a key role in student’s everyday life. This paper presents the development of a Facebook application called F-learning for supporting Moodle LMS by presenting activities such as quiz and assignment files. F-learning will notify students through Facebook when activities have been updated. Moreover, F-learning is also able to rank quiz score by H-index concept, rewarding the top-3 in each course, displaying and sharing overall medal table in accordance with the Gamification concept. The evaluation results reveal that F-learning can motivate students to use the learning manage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plagiarism is deemed a serious ethical offense. Without proper protection and accurate detection algorithms, the number of innovations would significantly dwindle, impeding the advancement of national research and education. Especially in programming courses, plagiarism is extremely common. Most students tend to do their homework in the simplest way: copying the source code of others. Such unpleasant issues must be addressed to preclude this misbehavior before it becomes students’ habit, and to promote positive attitudes in our juveniles. In this paper, we, propose an algorithm to identify original source codes, helping instructors to pinpoint whom to monitor and be able to set measures or correctly warn each wrong-doing student. This work introduces a rule, derived from a m+l evolutionary algorithm, for identifying which source codes are original. First, we run the maximum spanning tree algorithm to generate a phylogenetic tree, representing the relationships and sequences of plagiarisms. Then, we apply our proposed rule to identify the source and its copies, whose relations are represented by arrows’ directions. The experiment result shows that the proposed rule yields the accuracy of 90.24%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a deep convolutional neural network (Deep CNN) for plant recognition in the natural environment. The primary objective was to compare 4 CNN architectures including LeNet-5, AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and VGGNet on three plant datasets; PNE, 102 Flower, and Folio. The images in the PNE and 102 Flower dataset include a complicated background because they were taken in a natural environment. On the other hand, the images in the Folid dataset are only leaf images that were taken in a laboratory environment using a white background. The comparison of deep CNN using GoogLeNet and VGGNet Architecture show that GoogLeNet outperformed while working on the PNE and 102 Flower dataset when using a training time with iterations of 10,000 epochs. also faster than the VGGNet architecture. However, the experiment showed that the VGGNet architecture outperforms the other CNN architectures on the Folio dataset and used only 1,000 epochs for training. In our experiment, we can create a model from the deep CNN using GoogleNet architecture, and this is because it showed better results with the plant images that were taken in the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the properties of open sets, closed sets, closure operator and interior operator on minimal structure space. We will provide characterization of -submaximal space by using various kinds of generalized closed sets and open sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, factors affecting mechanical properties and metallurgical structure of semi-solid aluminum alloy grades 356 and 7075 were investigated by a transient liquid-phase bonding method. ZA 27 zinc alloys were used as coagulants (solders) in a liquid state during the welding process. Semi-rigid aluminum castings with butt joints were prepared as a cylindrical shape 12 mm in diameter, 45 mm length and ZA 27 zinc alloys were 12 mm in diameter, and 0.25 mm thick. Variables in this transient liquid-phase bonding method included 60 minutes and 120 minutes welding time, welding temperatures at 450, 500 and 550 degrees Celsius, compression pressure at 4 MPa, and the flow rate of argon gas atmosphere at 4 liters/min. According to the results, the physical characteristics of all samples were well bonded. The microstructure in the bond line showed that size of the grain had grown because of the heat during transient liquid-phase bonding. However, at temperature 550ºC and compressive holding time for 60 minutes some porosities showed after welding, and the tensile strength of all samples were broken in the bonded line. However, at temperature 500ºC and compressive holding time 60 minutes, the maximum average tensile strength at 103.06 MPa was in the bonded line area where the hardness properties were higher than in other areas. In short, transient liquid-phase bonding technique could reduce welding time when compared to the diffusion bonding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multiple-tube electrostatic collector for removal of particulate matter from the tobacco monopoly exhaust was designed and theoretically and experimentally evaluated. The designed collector consisted of a simple array of coaxial discharge electrodes placed along the axis of six cylindrical collection tubes with a diameter of 50.8 mm and 613.6 mm in length; the discharging electrode with diameters of 1.1 mm and the insulator was used to electrical insulate between electrodes and cylindrical collection. The diameter of the insulator was 80 mm and 88.9 mm in height. In this study, a 30 kV DC power supply was used to apply DC high voltage to the discharging electrode in the range of about 0 to 30 kV, while the collection electrode was grounded. The current-voltage characteristics of the multiple-tube electrostatic collector were analytically calculated. It was shown that the discharged current increased with increasing applied corona voltage, in the range between 26 and 332 μA. In order to study the collection efficiency of the collector, the particulate mass concentration at inlet and outlet of the precipitator was sampled by the isokinetic sampling at the particulate flow rate of about 10 L/min and the operating pressure of about 1 bar for 15 min per sample. The overall collection efficiency of the present precipitator was found to be about 75 %. Finally, the designed electrostatic precipitator appeared to be a promising apparatus for collection of particulate matter from tobacco monopoly exhaust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavioral time periods that cows spend standing, grazing, and lying during each day can be used data to predict their health. To assist the prediction, this paper proposes a method to determine a scoring system of the behavioral time periods of cows. A reference time series, the average of the behavioral time periods of the leadership of the herd, is generated and used to measure the similarity with the behavioral time periods of cows by using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The result of this process is an accumulated distance. The experimental results by using five cows for ten days were recorded. The data on the accumulated distances indicate that they can be used for identifying the health of the cow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to do a comparative study of local feature descriptor techniques and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for retrieving Thai silk pattern images. Two feature descriptor techniques, the histogram of oriented gradients and the scale-invariant feature transform, are compared to extract feature vectors from the silk pattern images. We combined the feature vectors extracted from feature descriptor techniques with k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machine. Then we modified CNN architectures: LeNet-5 and AlexNet. The LeNet-5 was modified by increasing the number of neurons in each layer of the fully connected layers. The AlexNet architecture was modified by reducing the neurons in each layer of the fully connected layers. Finally, we evaluated the local descriptor techniques, the existing CNN architectures and our modified CNN architectures on Thai silk pattern dataset. The results of the study showed that the local descriptor techniques combined with KNN algorithm significantly outperform the CNN methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies Swap Method (SM) and Adjustment Method (AM) used in the process of the Shuffled Frog Leaping algorithm (SFL) for searching the optimal design. The results are compared with those from Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which was proposed in [1]. The experimental result shows that the optimal design from PSO and SFL using AM is superior to SM in terms of quality of solution for all problems, although the AM requires more computational time than the SM. However, in comparing the performance of two algorithms based on mean value, we can see that PSO and SFL are not significantly different, but the computational time of SFL is higher than PSO for all problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the carbon footprint assessment of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University. Direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were calculated and data was collected in the academic year 2016 (August 1st, 2016 to May 31st, 2017). The major sources of GHG emissions were classified into seven main categories, which were 1) refrigerant of air conditioner, 2) fire extinguisher, 3) office supplies, 4) fuel consumption, 5) electricity consumption, 6) running water and 7) solid waste disposal. This research aims to use the result as a database, analyze resource use and GHG emissions to the environment in order to contribute to strategy planning on future GHG reduction. The total carbon footprint of the Faculty of Science and Technology was 3,559.644 ton CO2eq/year and the average carbon footprint per person was 1.855 ton CO2eq/individual. From the calculation, refrigerant of air conditioner was considered as the biggest source of GHG emission generating 2,043.000 ton CO2eq/year. Emissions from electricity consumption, fuel consumption, solid waste disposal, running water, office supplies and fire extinguisher were 1,344.950, 67.578, 65.090, 33.870, 1.714 and 0.264 ton CO2eq/year, respectively. The implementation options for the reduction of carbon footprint were modification of the refrigerant of air conditioner and energy conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research were to synthesize research on Curriculum Assessment of Mahasarakham University from 2002-2021. The population used in this research was 13 curriculum assessment research papers from 2002-2021 from a search in the computer database of the Office of Academic Resources, Mahasarakham University. The research instrument was a research data synthesis data form for university curriculum evaluation. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and content analysis.The findings of this research were:1. Preliminary information of the research. Most of them are curricular assessment research. Master’s degree in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University, 6 volumes, 46.15 percent. Most of the research objectives were for the study of master’s degree programs, totaling 11 books (84.62 percent).2. The results of the content synthesis of curricular assessment research showed that most of them used the Zip-style assessment format, 9 volumes (69.23 percent) consisted of evaluating the context of the curriculum. For evaluation of course inputs, the course process and evaluating course output. Most of the people used in the research study with instructors of 12 books or 92.31 percent, followed by students with 10 books or 76.92 percent, graduates of 5 books or 38.46 percent, and graduate users of 4 books, accounted for 30.77 percent of the tools used to collect data. Most of them were interviews of 10 volumes, representing 76.92 percent, followed by questionnaires of 8 books, accounting for 61.54 percent, and the number of experts in the review of research tools. It was found that most of them were experts, numbering 5 people, 9 books, representing 69.23 percent, followed by the number of experts, 3 people, 3 books, accounting for 23.08 percent.The results of the synthesis research on curriculum evaluation will be used as a supporting information for the preparation of guidelines for determining the format of the assessment methods of the university’s courses.

The objective of the current article is to analyze the movie, Aquaman (2018 film), through feminism and social progressivism. The negative light shown in this film is that most characters believed in patriarchy, even for the main female protagonist, Mera. The power was transferred from men to men. The traditional role of female characters is just to be a wife and a mother. Minorities or unattractive races in this film were negatively stereotyped with poor personality and attribution. However, this film also consists of positive light for feminism. Mera, as the main female character, was with leadership, thinking skills, negotiation skills, and ability to make a decision. Her role could be read as active and subjective role of woman which are the major part of women's empowerment. Moreover, this film also distinguishes the role of male heroes and villains that heroes would accept the advice of women, but the villain would use his power to oppress women. This helps teach male audiences to respect women and teach them the gender equality. The authors of this paper suggested that film audiences might be able to learn the equality and empowerment through non-superhero films better, because people could imitate prosocial behaviors from the media character with a similar attribute than from superhero characters. The authors expect Media Art and Communication Art students to study this paper in order to produce prosocial media in their future careers.

This paper reports the development of hybrid monitoring and analysis software for those who are interested in hybrid analysis. When the machines were operating, the situations that made motor current, vibration and oil could demonstrate the characteristics of machinery status. Somehow, to provide engineers could detect and make maintenance plans by observing and collecting the data as speed and magnitude to compare with ISO standards. This may be of benefit in many industries such as aerospace and industrial power plant etc. In the experiment, the software may collect the data from a sensor through NI hardware. To experiment the project for testing by using the virtual machine, the experiment has gone through the motor rotation and add the mass on shaft to compare the data and distinguish the status that shows upon interface the program. In this paper, the performance was analysed based on the RMSE between fuzzy logic and Neuro-fuzzy systems on MATLAB. The result errors obtained from fuzzy logic of 70% to 140% were relatively higher if compared to Neuro-fuzzy systems of 3% to 37% due to Neuro-fuzzy training from real hybrid data but fuzzy systems designed reference follow ISO standard.

This article intends to (1) show readers information about visible learning, emphasize in meaning, idea and theoretical origination. (2) The next intention is about showing components of success in performing visible learning. (3) The third one is to provide the significant information and clarity about visible learning which is new in recent time. This article aggregated the data from books and involved papers by synthesizing, and also adding practical experiences of researcher. The first part will introduce the meaning and origin of an idea and following by succeeding factors and techniques. Next part is going to present about effective teaching process that consists of two components. (1) The first one is about understanding students and appropriate expression of gestures. (2) The second one is about enhancing cognitive skill with self-reprove in students. The last part of this paper is focusing on presenting effective teaching process of developed country like Finland and South Korea as a comparable model for visible learning and model of achievement.

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising candidate for future network architecture, and is well suited to today's complex networks. A named prefix of the NDN Interest-packet has been used for searching a desire data. Furthermore, such NDN data can be temporarily stored in intermediate devices without concerning for locations. So, the Interest-packet plays an important role for NDN network communication. Currently, A Best-Route algorithm has been widely used in the major NDN's network Testbed. However, the Best-Route always selects a lowest routing cost, which is unreliable in disruptive networks. เท this paper, we have developed a Longest Prefix Reduction (LPR) algorithm to handle NDN path-convergence. LPR actively updates routing paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study and review the methodology for analyzing roadway capacity. This is an important principle in the design and planning of transportation and traffic facilities. The main contents of this article offer analytical procedures, sample study results, and considers the advantages and limitations of the Indirect Empirical Method, which is a method that can reduce the limitations of field surveys. This method consists of two approaches: (1) capacity calculation according to the manual, for which HCM is the most widely used; however, since this is a guide developed in the United States, it may not be applicable directly in areas where traffic conditions are different, and (2) capacity estimation using the traffic micro-simulation model. The latter approach has limitations on the input data and variables, but has the advantage of accurately simulating the conditions and driver behaviors, thus making the estimation of capacity more reasonable. By capacity estimation using the traffic micro-simulation model, it is possible to develop a roadway and highway capacity analysis in Thailand. There are still relatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of methods for solving equations and engineering problems is currently important. The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a NP-complete problem solving technique employing the principles of meta-heuristics. This paper proposed a Siamese Rhinoceros Beetles Algorithm (SiRBA), which imitates the behavior of Siamese Rhinoceros Beetles. Movement toward light, food, reproduction and escaping from enemies are used to create a SiRBA which is then used to find the maximum and minimum value of functions, applied to solving engineering problems. Principles of the movement toward the light and smell by flying during an away from solution, Vibration and smell by walking at the near solution. The SiRBA was tested with a quadratic function and the Traveling Salesman Problem (Symmetric TSP). SiRBA was effective at finding a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to study effect of black galingale drying by microwave-hot air combination on drying time, surface temperature, color, shrinkage and specific energy consumption. A 1.1 kW heater and a 850 W microwave ovens were used. The drying conditions were conducted at different drying conditions of microwave powers of 100, 180, 300, 450 W and hot air temperature of 40, 50, 60°C. The superficial air velocity of approximately 0.5 m/s was fixed throughout the experiment. The initial moisture content of black galingale about 80.14 % wet basis and it was dried until the final moisture content was 2.88 % wet basis. It was found that the highest microwave energy consumption resulted in the shortest drying time. At the highest temperature of drying of MW450W+HA60°C the surface temperature of black galingale of 85°C and the temperature conditions were conducted at different drying method, it was found that whiteness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of black galingale were significantly (P<0.05) different and the highest microwave energy consumption which in the resulted in the lowest value of shrinkage and specific energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of generalized terminal sections in BE-algebras and investigate their properties. Furthermore, these sets are considered in commutative and self distributive BE-algebras. Finally, we provide the relationship between self distributive and ideal and the relationship between self distributive and filter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teenage pregnancy is a global and Thailand’s problem bearing on social and public health. Teenage mothers developed adverse perinatal complications -such as preterm births, neonatal deaths and delivered low birth weight babies. This paper aimed to present the situation of teenage pregnancy in the area of incidence of teenage pregnancy in Thailand and its effect on neonatal outcomes which included birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding by analyzing data of The Reproductive Health Survey 2006 and 2009 obtained from the National statistical office. The results show that the proportion of teenage pregnancy increased from 22.1% (2006) to 23.0% (2009) of all women of reproductive age 15-49 year. This proportion was found to be high in teenage pregnant women living in non-municipal area, non-educated and lowest socioeconomic. Regarding the effects on neonatal outcomes, newborn babies with low birthweight were mostly found in teen mom group compared to the other age. Interestingly, the rate of breast feeding of at least 6 months was the lowest in the group of 15-17 years old mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, business enterprises and large organizations worldwide have been migrating their core IT business operations, which once running on premise, to host on cloud platforms in order to reduce cost of ownership and increase return on investment. However, running application on cloud with optimum cost is not as simple as ones' thought because of several factors. One major factor which is the focus of this paper is how to selecting and implementing the efficient algorithms especially the frequently used such as hash algorithms which are part of user registration and authentication functionalities. For this reason, the author has setup the experiment on comparing various hash algorithms in term of execution speed. As a result of this experiment, any developers would readily adopt it as part of development process in no time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Fei Wo Si Cun’s Dong Gong, the author tells the story of the female protagonist who is from a different ethnic group. The story focuses on her love tragedy caused by the violence and crime the male protagonist commits against her ethnic group. The aim of this paper is to analyze the female protagonist’s suicide by using psychological concepts such as memory loss and betrayal trauma as a means of explaining the action. It was found that the female protagonist deals with the issue of ethnic extinction by choosing death as a solution in two instances, one metaphorical, the other literal. The first is death through oblivion by jumping into the ‘River of Forgetfulness’ so that the river erases all her memories of loss and pain, which will lead to rebirth without racial bonds. However, such memories come back to haunt her as she cannot give up or abandon her ethnic group. Her recollection of violence and pain serves to disclose the conflict between loyalty to her ethnic group and romantic love. In the end, the female protagonist chooses suicide again to show her rebellion and refusal to fall under the mandate of the male protagonist who invaded and destroyed her ethnic group. Such presentation emphasizes the existence of other ethnic groups.

The semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal module (SPVT) is a solar module that can generats electricity, heat and part of sun light through the module while operating, which is beneficial for improving of solar utilization per area of the module. This paper presents the effects of the natural and force flow patterns on the efficiency of the SPVT module. The 100 W SPVT module had an area of 0.72 m2 and was designed, studied and experimented at Mahasarakham University. The solar module temperature, water temperature, ambient temperature, solar irradiation and electrical parameters were measured every 15 minutes. The analysis of results showes that the water with active flow pattern induces a module temperature lower than in the passive flow pattern. The active flow of water at 0.02 kg/s causes maximum electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and overall efficiency of SPVT module by 12.37%, 49.36% and 62.09% respectively. Moreover, thedSPVT module provides sufficient illuminance for the general area during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]