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Contextualization: The cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout its vegetative process generates an increase in bulk density and penetration resistance of soil. Rice crop production costs are distributed in soil preparation and adaptation (20%), planting (10%), cultural work, including irrigation and application of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides (50%), and harvesting (20%). Preparation is a representative component on which it is possible to have an impact to reduce it. Knowledge gap: As it is a high economic yield crop and not very technified in the department of Huila (Colombia), it is sought to implement conservation plows that provide economic and environmental benefits to the community. Purpose: Aiming to promote more sustainable production and agriculture and to improve mechanized tillage techniques in the municipality of Palermo, it was proposed to evaluate the physical properties of the soil and the yield of the rice crop, modifying conventional harrow preparation with the use of tiller. Methodology: The experimental area of one hectare was divided into experimental plots, T1: One pass of vibratory tiller, and T2: Two passes of conventional plowing (harrow). The physical properties of the soil were evaluated (True density, bulk density, porosity, and texture) and the phenological monitoring of the crop development was carried out (germination, maximum tillering, maximum panicle formation, maturity, and harvest). Soil tests were conducted before and after tillage between 15 and 20 cm depth. The statistical analysis was performed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the techno-economic analysis was carried out based on production and operating costs between the two types of tillage. Results and conclusions: The results showed that after soil preparation, bulk density decreased by 5.0% for T1 and 13.5% for T2; these effects also led to an increase in porosity of 13.6% and 29.34%, respectively, and production costs of USD1159.9 for T1 and USD1222.2 for T2. At the end of the study, it was concluded that, when evaluating yield at harvest, there were no significant differences in production because of mechanized tillage. However, a statistical difference was observed between the cost of conventional and reduced tillage, the latter being 148.9% more economical and less aggressive for the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales is the property of Revista de Investigacion e Innovacion Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales RIIARn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales is the property of Revista de Investigacion e Innovacion Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales RIIARn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article shows the result of the research carried out on the El Jardín farm belonging to the Provincial Flora and Fauna Company, located at km 15 of the Palmar - La Tagua highway, in the Manuel Tames municipality of the province. from Guantánamo, where the bioproducts azotobacter, phosphorin, an efficient microorganism are used as alternatives for the production of bean crops, with the objective of evaluating the response of bean plants to the application of alternative products under conditions of La Tagua. A randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four replications. The variables of plant height, stem thickness, number of leaves, number of legumes per plant and number of seeds per legume were evaluated. On the different days of evaluations, the best plant responses were recorded in treatment four, where an efficient microorganism was used, achieving an increase in general, highlighting that the other variants evaluated were superior to the production control. Therefore, the application of bioproducts would be an alternative to increase the yields of bean crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The planting season is a decisive factor in the success of agricultural production, with a marked effect on the cultivation of onions (Allium cepa L.). In this research, the optimal planting date for onion growth and development was determined. The experiment was carried out in an agroecosystem in the municipality of Sandino, Pinar del Río, Cuba. The established cultivars were 'Anakin' and Yellow Granex F1'. Planting was carried out in furrows during the second half of November and December. Evaluations were made at 60 days post-transplant and at harvest time. In the first, the variables plant height, number of active leaves, diameter and length of the false stem, diameter of the bulb and total fresh mass were characterized. During the harvest, the fresh mass and the equatorial and polar diameters of the bulbs were determined. Crop yield were also estimated. The results showed that both onion cultivars reached an agricultural yield higher than 18 t·ha-1 on the planted dates evaluated, the fresh mass of the bulbs has a positive correlation with all the variables studied and the equatorial diameter of these determine more than 80 % of their total fresh mass. The time of establishment of the crop had a determining effect on the growth and development of the cultivars. This suggests possible modifications in the date of onion planting in the soil and climatic conditions studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of soil quality indicators allows evaluating its health and making decisions regarding adequate management, which allows obtaining crops with high yields and high quality products. The research was carried out on the "Los Olivas" farm located in the Jagüey Grande municipality, Matanzas province and its objective was to determine the following indicators: apparent density, pH, organic matter content, total organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, and microbial groups to establish a baseline for continued studies in the sampled area. The apparent density values increased as the soil depth increased, showing the presence of compacted layers at depths of 10-20 cm, with values greater than 1.25 gcm-3. The content of organic matter according to the supply category was medium, which corresponds to the intensive agricultural exploitation demanded by established crops. Taking into account the results obtained in agricultural fields and in correspondence with the type of soil and the values of organic matter found, this soil can be considered within the category of medium supply of mineral N. The quantitative distribution of values by microbial group in the three work areas was seen as follows: total bacteria > actinomycetes > fungi, which reflects an adequate balance of the composition and microbial diversity of these soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic simulation models are indispensable tools in agricultural research and management. Modeling makes possible to investigate the consequences of probable future scenarios and to be ready for the changes before they occur. The objective of this study is to predict corn yields in Red Ferralitic soil in Alquizar region under the SSP1-2.6 climate change scenario and the Hadgem3, Mpi-esm1 and Mri-esm2 models with the use of the AquaCrop simulation model. To select the hydrological years, a study of a series of 28 years (2023-2050) was carried out for the period November-April (crop development period) for each model. The possibility of achieving potential yields of 8.6 t·ha-1 and an agronomic water productivity of 3.08 kg·m-3 in corn is evident, if the crop is not subject to any type of limitation except plant genetics, solar radiation and temperature, and rainfalls are sufficient in this dry period. If irrigation is applied only to guarantee corn germination under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, yields are estimated at 4.4 t·ha-1 and biomass at 14.6 t·ha-1, achieving a productivity of 2.37 kg·m-3, with reductions with respect to potential performance of 44 %. The comparative study of yields in the SSP1-2.6 climate change scenario and the different models demonstrates the influence of these conditions on the crop response. The results show the AquaCrop model as an alternative to evaluate the impact of climate change on crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common bean is an important crop due to its high nutritional value. However, its production in Ecuador has decreased due to biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding the mechanisms that determine the yield components of this crop is essential to establish strategies that allow increasing the yield. In this study, the plant density was modified to evaluate its impact on yield and its two main components, the grain number and grain weight under field conditions in an Andean region of Ecuador. Two experiments planted on different dates were performed, where two planting densities 4 and 11 plants m􀀀2 were evaluated. The effect of the treatments was studied on the length of the period, from emergence to anthesis, the number of full and empty pods, grain number, 100 grain weight and grain yield. The results indicate that the plant density has a significant effect (p<0.05) on the yield, reaching an average of 257.15 g m􀀀2 in high density, and 151.45 g m􀀀2 in low density. The yield main components showed a different response to plant density modification; the grain number exhibited a strong variability and was positively associated with final grain yield (p<0.05) while the grain weight was not affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of an adequate plant density in combination with amino acid spry can play a decisive role in achieving optimal yield in sesame crops. To evaluate the effects of plant densities and amino acids on the growth and yield of sesame seeds in rainy season, an experiment was carried out between June and October 2023. Three doses of amino acids (AV) were evaluated: without AV, 0.25 and 0.50 L ha-1 and two plant densities (25,000 and 29,000 plants ha-1) were distributed with a split-plots, in a randomized block design with three replicates. The results showed that plant density influenced the growth and yield of sesame crop, the density of 25,000 plants ha-1 affected the number of plant leaves and leaf area, while the density of 29,000 plants ha-1 showed greater plant height and yield. Additionally, 0.25 L ha-1 promoted growth of sesame plants at of 25,000 plants ha-1 plant density, and a higher yield at 29,000 plants ha-1 plant density, while 0.50 L ha-1 of amino acids showed greater productivity at a 25,000 plants ha-1 plant density. The results suggested that using high plant densities combined with foliar spry of amino acids is a viable strategy to increase sesame productivity in the rainy season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive: To determine the socioeconomic factors that affect the yield of the cocoa crop (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nicaragua. This research will contribute to provide information, precise and necessary to the design of projects and research focused to the needs and reality of cocoa crops smolholders. Methodology: A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) were performed. 28 social and economic variables were used. A survey in 2018 with a sample of 140 farms, from a universe of 923, was conducted, 23 communities located in the municipalities of Rancho Grande, Río Blanco and Matiguás in the North center of Nicaragua Results: The MCA results indicate that the correlated variables with the greatest impact were the change in yield and the support received by the producers. The decrease in yields is due to the lack of of support, but also to formal support, represented mainly as a acces to credit, the increase in yields occurs when informal support is received. Conclusions: The yield of cocoa changes according to the support received. Limitations: The research shows that cocoa production in the área of study is affected according to the type of support received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was developed in areas of the Base Scientific Technological Unit, Los Palacios, Pinar del Río, belonging to the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The objective was to evaluate the variability of the yield in bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), associated with growth variables in the final stage of crop development. Six bean cultivars were used (Holguin 518, Tazumal, Tomeguin 93, Bat 304, Bat 832 and Cuba Cueto 25-9), which were planted on four different sowing dates (October 2010, December 2011, January 2012 and October 2012 ), on a Hydromorphic Gley Nodular Ferruginous Petroferric soil. A randomized block experimental design with three replications was used. At the time of harvest, dry mass of pods, grains, stems and total dry mass of the aerial part were determined by adding the dry mass of organs. Harvest Index and pod harvest index were determined. It was shown that there is a positive relationship between the mass of the grains and the agricultural yield regardless of the cultivar and the sowing date, so that this variable constitutes a fundamental component in the formation of yield in the bean crop. Increases in the dry mass of the stems and pods affect the harvest index, so it is not possible that the greater amount of the total biomass production becomes part of the agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the yield and productivity of crops is one of the challenges that farmers experience today. The inappropriate use of chemical products in agriculture has caused the loss of the fertile layer of the soil, has diminished its biodiversity and has been eliminating the natural enemies of pests. For this reason, it has become necessary to search for other alternatives to achieve this goal, such as the use of macroalgae and cyanobacteria extracts as plant biostimulants. They contain a wide variety of plant growth-promoting substances, such as auxins, cytokinins, betaines, gibberellins, and organic substances such as amino acids, macronutrients, and trace elements that improve crop yield and quality. With this review, it is proposed to address the different methods for obtaining extracts from macroalgae of the genus Sargassum spp. and cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira, as well as the evaluation of their biological activities in physiological processes such as germination, the development of the root system and the yield increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agromenas are obtained from organo-mineral products with controlled release nutritional properties, they are applicable to various crops in different production systems, and, in addition, they are harmonic products with the environment and compatible with herbicides and fungicides, constituting alternatives for the substitution of imports of mineral fertilizers (complete soluble formulas of high costs). The objective of this work was to determine the effectiveness of Agromenas fertilizer on yield and its components on tomato crop. For this, an experiment was conducted where three treatments were evaluated under a completely randomized design, using the dose of 1.0 t ha-1 of the fertilizer. It was shown that Agromenas increase the crop yield by 26 % with respect to the control treatment; likewise, the yield components are increased, which shows the efficiency of the organo-mineral fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate scenarios are coherent and consistent descriptions of how the earth's climate system may change in the future. These scenarios represent different futures under specific conditions and at a certain time. The objective of this study is to predict bean yields in compacted Red Ferralitic soil under the SSP1-2.6 climate change scenario and the HadGEM3, Mpi-esm1 and Mri-esm2 models with the use of the AquaCrop simulation model. To select the hydrological years, a study of a series of 28 years (2023-2050) was carried out for the period November-April (crop development period) for each model. The annual rainfall estimated under the SSP1-2.6 scenario by the three models studied was compared. The Mpi-esm1 estimates the highest values of precipitation in 26 of the 28 years studied, and in 17 years values above 1500 mm. While the HadGEM3 model estimates 8 years less than 1000 mm. The possibility of achieving yields of 2,6 t·ha-1 and water productivity of 1,1 kg·m-3 for beans, is evident, if the crop is not subjected to any type of limitation except plant genetics, solar radiation and temperature, and rainfall is sufficient in this dry period. The results show the AquaCrop model as a viable alternative for analyzing productivity in response to available water and evaluating the impact of climate change on crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal manures and slurry are considered nutrient sources for meeting crop nutrient demands, maintaining soil fertility, and improving crop yields. However, there is limited national information available on the effects of pig slurry application on soil quality indicators in real field scenarios. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify changes in the chemical and microbiological soil properties resulting from the prolonged application of pig slurry. Six pig farms situated in the southeastern region of the Córdoba province were chosen as study sites. Two treatments were established at each site: soils with pig slurry application and soils without pig slurry application. Soil assessments were conducted at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm to determine chemical and microbiological properties. Significant increases in soil organic nitrogen (SON), extractable phosphorus (Pe), and electrical conductivity (EC) were observed at both depths. In addition, there were increases in particulate organic carbon, potassium, and sodium (Na), along with a decrease in pH in the topsoil, due to pig slurry applications. The elevation in Na levels also affected the percentage of exchangeable sodium. Regarding microbiological indicators, the application of slurry stimulated enzymatic activities and increased the potential for N mineralization (p<0.05). In conclusion, the application of pig slurry led to enhanced soil fertility and microbiological activity. However, careful consideration should be given to the increases in Pe, Na, and EC to prevent adverse environmental effects like watercourse eutrophication, salinization, or the sodification of agricultural soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock farming is an activity of greater importance from an economic, social, cultural and environmental point of view, it contributes to the gross domestic product and generates employment. Production is affected in the dry season due to food shortages. For this reason, at the Portoviejo Experimental Station of the National Agricultural Research Institute, corn genotypes are evaluated for the production and conservation processes of forage in the form of silage. The test was installed at the Porvenir of Toachi facility, canton Santo Domingo, province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. A divided plot design was used, with a 3x4 factorial arrangement, each treatment consisted of six ten-meter-long beds. The information was tabulated in the R program under the analysis of variance with separation of means for the multiple test of DGC probability at 5%. The hybrid INIAP 554 at a density of 125,000 plants per hectare obtained the best yield of green forage (29,028.59 kgha-1) and the highest average dry matter (30.5%) of the silage, the hybrid INIAP 551 at a density of 125,000 plants per hectare presented the lowest lodging values (3%). There were no significant differences for germination percentage, days to male flowering, plant height and fermentative characteristics of the silage. It is concluded that the hybrid INIAP 554 at a density of 125,000 plants per hectare, produces a greater amount of green forage, under the climatic conditions of Porvenir of Toachi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Precision agriculture aimed to increase crop yields while protecting the surrounding environment, uses products for crop protection. This measure seeks to prevent the growth of pests and diseases that cause economic losses or complications of a quaternary nature, which would have an even more significant impact on marketing and agricultural production, which is why the need has arisen to develop technological tools for early detection and preventive control to manage the different pests and diseases that affect these crops. Machine learning has become a key tool to provide analytical and computational solutions for the detection and/or classification of pests. In this study, we present the proposal of two different convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures with the help of data augmentation, allowing us 87 % accuracy in detecting the severity of lesions caused by Peach leaf curl fungus (Torque) and Rust on peach leaves. The set of images is obtained with a mobile device with high-resolution cameras in the municipality of Chitagá in Norte de Santander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has acquired great importance in disciplines such as physics, electronics, biochemistry, and medicine. A statistical study has analyzed the evolution of publications and citations in nanoscience and nanotechnology worldwide in the last 25 years. China leads scientific production in this field, followed by the United States. A statistical difference has been detected between regions of the world, with Asia being the most productive and Africa and Latin America being the least productive. There is a significant gap between developed and developing nations regarding this topic. Nanotechnology has proven to be an effective solution for macro-level problems, such as water treatment and increasing crop yields. However, it is necessary to conduct thorough studies on the toxicological effects on humans and potential risks. [Extracted from the article]

The present work aimed to evaluate the agronomic and socioeconomic effect of different direct seeding methods in combination with weeds management, by mechanical methods, in irrigated rice crop. Therefore, experiments were conducted in conditions of popular rice production in Madruga municipality (Mayabeque province, Cuba) on a Gley Vertic Chromic soil, during May to August. It was used a quasi-experimental design with three treatments and four repetitions, where crop yield was evaluated at 14 % grain humidity and its components. The statistical processing consisted of calculating the means confidence intervals by treatments of the variables evaluated, for a 95 %confidence level. In the economic analysis; the Gross Return, Production Cost of, the Net Return and the Benefit-Cost Ratio were determined. From the social perspective, the results socialization and the feedback were carried out in a participatory workshop with the local innovation actors. The results showed that the T3 treatment (SDM) allowed an increase in crop yield of rice by 21 %, above the Conventional Technology and achieved the best economic results. In the participatory workshop, actors identified the aspects that could influence the adoption of the best technological alternative. It is suggested to deepen the effect of these technological alternatives on growth and development variables of the irrigated rice crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Participatory Selection of Cultivars has been shown to be effective in promoting the participation of different stake holder in the genetic improvement process and to know about the preferences of producers. The aim of the study was to identify cultivars with the greatest acceptance and the agronomic criteria of greatest consideration from participants' perspective. The participatory selection was carried out at the Agrodiversity Fair in the Scientific and Technological Unit de Base "Los Palacios", located in the Los Palacios Municipality, Pinar del Río province where growers, technicians and decision-makers of both sexes participated. The effective diversity percentage was determined, cultivars with the greatest acceptance and the most relevant agronomic criteria were identified. Female participation reached 44.8 % and effective diversity was 75 %. DI-77, DN-12 and DI-11 cultivars stood out for their good performance for the locality; the characters with the highest degree of acceptance at the time of selection were number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, grain size and plant erection. Participatory cultivars selection in chickpea could be an excellent methodology to accelerate cultivars adoption, enrich genetic diversity of this crop and increase yields, also allow training, the interaction of various stake holders and promote gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was developed under field conditions on a Lixiviated Red Ferralitic soil in the central experimental area of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, in order to evaluate strains of rhizobia and a strain of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, on the growth and development of the soybean cultivar INCAsoy-27, sown in summer. For this, a randomized block design was used with four repetitions per treatment, which consisted of the inoculation of microorganisms, in their simple forms and the combination of each rhizobium strain with the arbuscular mycorrhiza used, as well as two control treatments, absolute and with mineral fertilization. Results showed a positive effect of the use of the different strains of rhizobia on the growth and yield of the soybean cultivar evaluated, with similar results between them and increases in yield in relation to the absolute control between 11.01 and 14.68 %, those that were made higher when both biofertilizers were co-inoculated (between 31.19 and 38.53 % in relation to the absolute control and between 13.49 and 19.84 % in relation to the fertilized control), with little significant differences between them, regardless of the rhizobium strain evaluated. These results demonstrate the synergistic and beneficial effects of rhizobia- arbuscular mycorrhizal co-inoculation in this culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Determine the effect of drought on the productivity of the agrosavia Rojo 43 improved variety bean, under the bioclimatic offer of the Colombian Caribbean. Materials and methods. The formula described by FAO guide No. 33 was used, to quantify the reduction in productivity-yield in three municipalities with a productive tradition: Cereté (Córdoba), Codazzi and Pueblo Bello (Cesar) for consecutive sowing cycles, every ten days, between January 2010 and October 2019; Likewise, the statistical duration between said reduction and the Oceanic El Niño Index-ONI will be prolonged to establish its association with El Niño/La Niña South Oscilation ENSO. Results. An inverse behavior was identified between the accumulated loss of yield-productivity (PARP) and the accumulated precipitation in the crop cycle (Pa), which causes that in periods of extreme drought the modeled yields are reduced by 30% for Pueblo Bello, 25% in Codazzi and 20% in Cereté; likewise, a correlation of 0.25 (p=0.006), 0.14 (p=0.128) and 0.14 (p=0.138) was observed at the synchronous level between the ONI and the PAPR, respectively. Conclusion. The identification of the effect of drought on the variety serves as a basis for planting planning and achieving a yield close to potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main foods used as an energy source that is also as one of the staples feeding more than 800 million people worldwide. In some countries as well as some Colombian areas known for their cassava production, there has been a decrease in their production growth due to the fact that there is neither enough technology nor knowledge to contribute to the current demand for cassava. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on some yield-related variables on variety MCol 2066 of cassava (chirosa). A homogeneous crop of cassava was established and cuttings of 15 cm in length were obtained, which in turn were subjected to three immersion times (5, 10 and 20 min) in four concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm). Data were collected 240 days after planting. The evaluated variables which were percentage of starch, dry matter, and fresh root mass, showed significant differences between treatments. The highest values were observed in the treatment at 20 min immersion in 200 ppm of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid for the variables, starch (45,56 %), dry matter (51,6 %), and fresh mass (73.270 kg/ha). Under the conditions of the study, this treatment was the best inducer to increase the yield of the crop, because it influenced positively on such results, showing better results in the variables percentage of starch, dry matter and fresh mass of the root, which could be favorable to improve the yield of the crop of variety MCol 2066 cassava (chirosa) in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compaction is an increasingly recurring problem and generates great concern among producers and colleagues from different regions of the country. The present work will try to give answers, about if there is the possibility that different management strategies allow reversing compaction. Different treatments were installed on a loam soil from the south of the calcareous plain of the Pampa Semiarid Region: - Control (T). - Cover crop, used as biological agent of decompaction (CC). - mechanical decompaction (D). - decompaction plus cover crop (D CC). Basic infiltration rate (IB) was determined in May 2019, October 2019, September 2020, and October 2021. Hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture, crop yields (dry matter, grain) were determined. The relative yields (RR) of maize for silage (2019-2020) in D was 37% higher compared to T, CC increased 108% compared to T and the combination between D CC yielded 132% more production. For grain maize (2020-2021), the RR were also positive in relation to T, treatments D, CC and D CC yielded 49, 15 and 68 %, respectively, more compared to T. For the wheat crop (2021) the RR with respect to T were of lesser magnitude, (5, 0.1 and 19% for D, CC, and D CC, respectively). Regarding relative IB, in treatment D it decreased widely over time until 540 days, affer which the rate remained relatively constant until 900 days. At 540 and 900 days affer the decompaction, the relative values of IB between D and D CC were similar and higher than T. CC, presented the most stable IB values over time. These results, two and half years since the experience began, allowed to quantify the residual effect of decompaction and the use of CC on the capture and movement of water in the soil profile, as well as on crop production. The treatment that would increase capture and movement of water in the soil profile, as well as in crop production, and increase WUE more significantly would be the inclusion of mechanical decompaction associated with CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of soil quality indicators in extensive agricultural and livestock breeding under organic systems has not been deeply studied in our country. Organic production is based on the application of a set of techniques that protect crops and animals from pests so that they do not cause economic damage, without applying any type of input of synthetic origin. The soil resource represents for these systems a fundamental capital to guarantee the production sustainability. The objective of this work was to characterize some soil quality indicators in plots of an agricultural establishment under organic production to evaluate the impact of the management practices used. The sampling was carried out in eight lots under agricultural and livestock rotation for more than twenty years. Superficial composite samples (0-20 cm) were taken and the following were determined: % organic matter (OM), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), extractable phosphorus (Pe) and Kjeldhal nitrogen (N). The results obtained showed severe chemical limitations on productivity due to a pH imbalance, which could be directly related to the availability of some nutrients such as phosphorus. When compared with the original levels of Pe in these soils, a significant drop in this was observed. Due to the non-existent replacement of nutrients, crop yields are low and highly variable, which implies a reduction in the contribution of stubble and would determine that the carbon balance during the agricultural cycle is negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pink zaragoza bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a very important species in the dry Caribbean region of Colombia, mainly in the departments of Cesar and La Guajira, because it is a fundamental part of the diet of its inhabitants. In recent years, exploratory studies have been carried out to characterize the production system and the generation of new materials. However, there is no evidence of research on the technical efficiency of this production system. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze its technical efficiency, based on information obtained from a structured survey applied to 32 farmers with experience in the crop, selected by simple random sampling. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were calculated. For the technical efficiency analysis, a Cobb-Douglas type econometric model was designed. Aspects such as the rationality of the producer when allocating resources were identified, a technical inefficiency corresponding to 0.67 was estimated, which shows that there is underutilization of resources such as seed and fertilizer, which are applied without prior soil analysis and without taking into account the requirements of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, it is necessary to obtain new sugarcane cultivars with high sugar potential and adapted to several harvest cycles, so the present work aimed to show the agro-sugar characterization of the new cultivar ‘C90-167’, obtained and recommended by Estación Territorial de Investigaciones de la Caña de Azúcar de Villa Clara, belonging to Instituto de Investigaciones de la Caña de Azúcar, for its commercial exploitation. This cultivar went through the selection scheme of the genetic improvement program of the breeding institution, from the initial stages of posture lots, clonal lots and replicated experiments. The cultivar ‘C90-167’ stands out for its high agricultural yield and satisfactory sugar content in relation to the control cultivars ‘C86-12’ and ‘C1051-73’. It is necessary to emphasize, as an important attribute, the resistance presented in artificial foci of infection to the main pests and diseases of economic importance of the crop. It is recommended for planting in both long spring and cold cycles in carbonate-padded brown soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the physiological and productive response of four soybean cultivars, an investigation was carried out under field conditions at the Empresa de Semillas Villa Clara, from January to April 2020. A randomized block design with four treatments and five replications was used. The soybean cultivars ‘Conquista’, ‘Vencedora’, ‘Luziania’ and ‘BRS-284’ were evaluated in a moderately washed Padded Brown soil. Sowing was manual with a distance of 0.90 m x 0.05 m, one seed was deposited per nest, at a depth of approximately 3 cm. In phenological stages V4 and R3, the physiological indicators leaf efficiency index and net assimilation rate were determined, as well as yield components, number of seeds per plant and weight of 100 seeds, including biological and agricultural yield. The cultivar ‘BRS-284’ presented the highest leaf efficiency index with significant differences with respect to the other cultivars. Yield components showed significant differences among the cultivars; the highest agricultural and biological yield was achieved in the cultivar ‘Luziania’ with 1.6 t ha -1 and 6.7 t ha -1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of drought-tolerant common bean cultivars can be a strategy to minimize the effect of water deficit on yield and bean quality. The aim of the present work was to select common bean cultivars with the best productive response under water stress conditions. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out with three common bean cultivars with red testa (‘Buenaventura’, ‘Velazco Largo’, and ‘Delicias-364’), under different soil moisture conditions at the Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios (CCS) “Gustavo Ameijeiras”, in the municipality of Limonar, Matanzas. Agricultural yield indicators were evaluated under different irrigation conditions, five irrigations (drought), and 10 irrigations (optimum moisture conditions). With the agricultural yield data, in the two moisture conditions, the percentage of agricultural yield losses, drought intensity index and drought susceptibility index (ISS) were calculated. It was concluded that drought under experimental conditions produced a direct effect on the agricultural yield of the cultivars and the evaluated indices. The cultivar ‘Delicias-364’ was the most tolerant to water deficit, since it had the lowest percentage reduction in yield and ISS less than one. The cultivar ‘Velazco Largo’ showed the lowest tolerance, with 32% yield loss and an ISS greater than one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cocoa is a very important crop in Ecuador, on account of the large quantities that are exported. Among the varieties grown is CCN 51, which has the highest yielding properties. Since the level of processing in terms of drying done by farmers in the area is very artisanal, it becomes necessary to seek new options for this process. Objective: To analyze the parameters for drying CCN 51 cocoa on an integral farm for its possible industrialization. Materials and Methods: The methodology applied was experimental, drying at temperatures of 45 and 60 °C in equipment with and without air flow, calculating the different drying kinetics in the 4 proposed treatments. Results and Discussion: The best result among the 4 treatments tested was the one used in an air flow equipment at 60°C, according to the Statgraphics Centurion XVIII statistical software data, where the best linear regression adjustment of R² was 97.95% and the correlation factor 0.98, while the linear regression model that best adjusted to the drying kinetics was the square root-Y logarithmic-X in the same treatment. Conclusions: The research concluded that the drying process carried out on the CCN 51 cocoa samples from the study area at 60°C had the best results, which is favorable for possible industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was developed in the urban organic garden "Mercasa", Las Tunas; in the period from the first day to December 27, 2019, with the objective of evaluating the effect of different doses of VIUSID® Agro on the yield of lettuce crop, cv. Fomento-95, under urban organic garden conditions. A completely randomized design with four treatments (control without application and application of VIUSID® Agro at 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 ml L-1 of water) was used. The following morphoagronomic variables were evaluated: plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, mass per plant and yield. The data obtained were subjected to a simple analysis of variance using the Statgraphics statistical package. The best results obtained in most of the morphological and yield variables evaluated corresponded to the VIUSID® Agro dose of 0.15 ml L-1 of water, with greater economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim to evaluate the response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation in different lines of spring wheat this research was developed under controlled conditions. Seeds from five spring wheat (Triticum durum L.) lines (AW-774, AC Carberry, HY-162, Major and AAC Scotia), with 98 % germination, were used and disinfected before sowing. The INCAM-4 strain: Glomus cubense (in solid and liquid formulation), the Canadian commercial inoculant MYKE®PRO (Rhizoglomus irregulare) and a control without inoculation were used. Treatments were distributed with an arrangement of divided plots under a completely randomized design, the main plot being the inoculation of AMF and the five lines of spring wheat as sub-plot. The evaluations were carried out at 120 days after sowing and variables related to mycorrhizal functioning (frequency and intensity of colonization), with the growth and development of the plants and the crop yield were determined. The results showed a positive effect of Glomus cubense inoculation in both formulations (solid and liquid). A differential response in AMF inoculation was observed among spring wheat lines. The Major and AW-774 lines showed significant increases in the variables studied compared to the rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Biotic pollination directly affects yield of most of crop species. Therefore, monitoring the pollination service in a crop field is very important, although it rarely occurs. Certain pollination mechanisms, such as the explosive mechanism of flowers, would allow farmers to estimate the crop yield quickly and efficiently. The objective of this study is to evaluate a methodology for estimating the pollination service in crops with explosive pollination mechanism through the quantification of tripped flowers. For this, we used 16 alfalfa (Medicago sativa) lots in eight fields located in the Valle Bonaerense del Río Colorado, where we conducted pollination experiments and assessed the proportion of tripped flowers (visited) per inflorescence and the plant reproductive success (estimated as fruit set). Our results showed that a) in alfalfa, non-tripped flowers have a very low probability of becoming fruit, b) a single effective visit is sufficient for fructification, and c) successive visits do not increment the probability of fruit formation. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the proportion of tripped flowers is positively related to fruit set. Our results evidence that the assessment of tripped flowers can be an efficient tool to quantify the pollination service in a crop with an explosive mechanism. Although this methodology does not explain the causes of fructification deficiency, this tool may become the first step in crop problems detection, without neglecting the long-term studies that will improve pollination service in an effective way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of using beneficial bacteria in agriculture are numerous, including helping to improve crop yields, inhibiting the development of phytopathogens, inducing defensive responses in plants, and increasing their protection against microorganisms, etc. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different bacterial concentrations of Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum brasilense, on the growth, development, and phytosanitary control of turnip plants. The experimental design used in the investigation was a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, an experimental control and five repetitions. The turnip seeds were soaked for 2 hours in each of the treatments before their subsequent planting, the treatments were applied at 10, 20 and 30 days. To see the differences between treatments, Tukey's test (p=0.05) was implemented. The results determined that the seeds embedded in the bacteria did not represent significant differences (p=0.05) in the emergence parameter of the plants. Regarding growth and production parameters such as: plant height, root length and diameter, fresh and dry biomass of seedlings and radicle and yield, it was observed that the treatments inoculated with Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum brasilense at a concentration of 1x109 CFU mL-1 presented the best averages, these being significant (p=0.05) with respect to the experimental control. The incidence of Mildew was lower in treatments with the application of Azospirillum brasilense in doses of 1x109 CFU mL-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water and nitrogen (N) are the main factors that generate the greatest limitations in food production. The use of cover crops (CC) due to their multiple benefits, can modify soil water and nitrate dynamic. It is therefore important to know the interaction between cash crops and CC. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the interaction between rye as CC and cash crops over the dynamics of water and N; and the synergy between crops. For these objectives, samples were taken to measure soybean and corn yield and rye dry matter production (DM) and soil samples to measure evolution of the water content and available N as nitrate due to the presence of the different crops in a long-term experiment located in General Villegas (Buenos Aries) during the 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13 period. As a result, the DM production of the CC was increased (between 30 and 150%) with soybeans as a predecessor and when it was fertilized. No differences in general were observed in the availability of water due to the use of CC. Regarding the concentration of N in soil, it was observed a decrease of it concentration probably due to the consumption of CC in the soybean treatments. Finally, the yields of cash crops in general were not affected, except for a single year where corn production was statistically higher in the treatment without CC (between 1000 and 2000 kg ha-1). Therefore, it is necessary to adjust CC management according to climatic situations and the cash crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work was carried out with the objective of documenting the main biostimulants used in the world to mitigate the effects of water stress, as well as the physiological, morphological and biochemical effect that these substances cause in the crops that have been studied. A review of scientific articles published in national and international journals, as well as master's and doctoral theses from different universities and scientific centers was carried out. The application of biostimulants is one of the most promising agricultural practices to mitigate the effects of drought on plants. There are numerous microorganisms in the world, as well as synthetic or naturally occurring substances that have a positive effect on crop development, yields and drought tolerance. They can optimize biochemical, physiological and anatomical processes such as regulating stomatal conductance, increasing the concentration of proline and cellular osmolytes, increasing photosynthetic efficiency, inducing the production of LEA proteins and antioxidant enzymes, reducing cell membrane damage, maintaining leaf water content and increasing the soil exploration capacity of the root system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate three methods to determine the water requirements of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. ‘Chantenay’ in Macají, Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador. A completely randomized block design was used and adapted to drip irrigation conditions. Three treatments and three replicates were included, according to soil moisture depletion, they were: Palabras clave: Vol. 49, No. 2, abril-junio, 120-127, 2022 Centro Agrícola Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas evaporation tank 25 % (T1), FAO-56 empirical formulas 25 % (T2) and lysimeter at the time of drainage (T3). The duration of the phenological stages in the treatments was determined and the following variables were evaluated at each stage: plant height, root shoulder diameter, yield, dry matter percentage, correlation between water used and yield. Yield in the first, second and third stages and total yield were determined, in addition to the Kc adjustment in the treatments at each phenological stage. Four phenological stages were established for the crop: initial stage, development stage, intermediate stage and final stage. The results showed that the different films influenced carrot yield. In water application the best treatment was T3 with a volume of 404.76 mm, where a yield of 61.49 t ha-1 was obtained. The Kc was adjusted according to the lysimeter for each of the phenological stages: initial 0.83, development 1.06, intermediate 1.02 and the final stage 0.86, as a result of the replacement of irrigation water at the time of drainage._____________________________________________________________________ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The current research proposes defining the water requirements for (Phasheolus vulgaris var. calima) under the weather conditions of Riobamba County, Chimborazo province, Ecuador. For this, it was necessary to use a complete randomized block design whit three treatments and three repetitions. Treatment 1, irrigation sheets determinate by the drain lysimeter; treatment 2, irritation sheets determined by the evaporation tank Type A; and treatment 3, irrigation sheets determined by the empirical calculation of the evapotranspiration of the crop. In addition, the crop coefficient values were also determined and adjusted for each phonological stage. The variables evaluated were days to emergency, flowering, sheathed and harvest, plant height, WRC, number of sheath, yield, and water footprint. The adjusted crop coefficient values (Kc) were 0,65, 0,96, 1,05, 0,86 for the first, intermediate, and final development stage respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the adaptation and forage yield of Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum sp. accessions in the high tropics of Nariño, Colombia. Methods: The study was conducted at the Obonuco Research Center of the Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation, Pasto, Nariño. Twenty-six accessions of H. vulgare, 23 of Triticum sp. and one of Avena sativa L. were evaluated under a complete randomized block design with four replicas per treatment. The evaluated variables were: vigor, height, number of leaves, number of stems, pest incidence, disease incidence and severity, nutritional deficiencies, dry matter percentage. A multivariate factorial analysis of mixed data was carried out, followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's algorithm. The R V.3.6.0 software was used for the analysis. Results: H. vulgare accessions showed higher leaf production ranging from 65,0 to 123,0; while stems ranged from 13,0 to 25,0; good height and higher dry matter percentage. Triticum sp. accessions had higher leaf production, stems and dry matter yield, with low disease incidence. Conclusions: H. vulgare and Triticum sp. materials were recognized with potential to continue in research programs and which can be an alternative to mitigate the forage seasonality and low quality found during the dry seasons of the high Nariño tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]