Métodos para la obtención de extractos de macroalgas y cianobacterias, evaluación de sus actividades biológicas.

The increase in the yield and productivity of crops is one of the challenges that farmers experience today. The inappropriate use of chemical products in agriculture has caused the loss of the fertile layer of the soil, has diminished its biodiversity and has been eliminating the natural enemies of pests. For this reason, it has become necessary to search for other alternatives to achieve this goal, such as the use of macroalgae and cyanobacteria extracts as plant biostimulants. They contain a wide variety of plant growth-promoting substances, such as auxins, cytokinins, betaines, gibberellins, and organic substances such as amino acids, macronutrients, and trace elements that improve crop yield and quality. With this review, it is proposed to address the different methods for obtaining extracts from macroalgae of the genus Sargassum spp. and cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira, as well as the evaluation of their biological activities in physiological processes such as germination, the development of the root system and the yield increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]