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The establishment of an efficient in vitro propagation protocol is still ongoing for Vanilla tahitensis (J. W. Moore), an underdeveloped but economically attractive crop in Ecuador. The objective of the research was to evaluate the application of different concentrations of cytokine benzylaminopurine (BAP) in its in vitro culture. The effect of six concentrations of BAP was studied (0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00 and 2.50 mg/L), and a control treatment, with five repetitions, using a completely randomized design. The 2.0 mg/L concentration of BAP allowed the best micropropagation of the vanilla producing 5 and 6 shoots at 60 and 90 d after sowing. The greatest length of roots was achieved with 1.75 mg/L (7 cm). Regarding plant height and leaf number, the 2.0 mg/L concentration showed the highest plant height with 18 and 6 cm at 90 and 60 d after sowing, and the highest number of leaves with 7 and 5 leaves, respectively. This research reports a successful in vitro culture protocol for this species, to promote the development of this crop in Ecuador, due to its outstanding possibilities for commerce at the international market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indicators of work quality, technological and of use of the seed drill Jumil JM 2040 PO was evaluated in the sowing of corn like covering crop for the development of the Conservation Agriculture in the Base Unit of the IAgric in Pulido, province Artemisa. The indicators were determined according to the methodology contained in the normative procedures in use in the IAgric. As a result, was verified that the seed drill is coupled appropriately to a tractor of 75 cv., developing a speed of displacement of 6 km/h; depositing the seed to an average depth of 4.4 cm and 4.29 seeds for lineal meter. The seed drill fulfilled appropriately the sowing of corn like covering crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the Ecuadorian native vegetation, weeds have been the plant that at any given time can compete for water, nutrients, light, space and carbon dioxide (CO2) with a crop, affecting productivity in quantity. and quality. Thus, this research aims to analyze the efficiency of two chemical herbicides for weed control in banana crops and thus determine the effect caused by both Ametrine and Ammonium Glufosinate. Based on the analysis of results, through the combined use of the herbicides Ametrine and Glufosinate ammonium, a higher percentage of effectiveness was observed in the control of weeds in the plantain crop (Musa × paradisiaca). Compared to the other treatments applied, this strategy is relevant since it guarantees good growth and essential development of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate scenarios are coherent and consistent descriptions of how the earth's climate system may change in the future. These scenarios represent different futures under specific conditions and at a certain time. The objective of this study is to predict bean yields in compacted Red Ferralitic soil under the SSP1-2.6 climate change scenario and the HadGEM3, Mpi-esm1 and Mri-esm2 models with the use of the AquaCrop simulation model. To select the hydrological years, a study of a series of 28 years (2023-2050) was carried out for the period November-April (crop development period) for each model. The annual rainfall estimated under the SSP1-2.6 scenario by the three models studied was compared. The Mpi-esm1 estimates the highest values of precipitation in 26 of the 28 years studied, and in 17 years values above 1500 mm. While the HadGEM3 model estimates 8 years less than 1000 mm. The possibility of achieving yields of 2,6 t·ha-1 and water productivity of 1,1 kg·m-3 for beans, is evident, if the crop is not subjected to any type of limitation except plant genetics, solar radiation and temperature, and rainfall is sufficient in this dry period. The results show the AquaCrop model as a viable alternative for analyzing productivity in response to available water and evaluating the impact of climate change on crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of chitosan on sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) in soils contaminated with high levels of metal ions and to propose an economic, simple and natural alternative. The bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) was evaluated in the cultivated plants in a period of 60 days, for this, treatments were carried out that included the contaminated medium and the foliar application of Quitomax® at different concentrations. At the end of the evaluations, it was evidenced that the sunflower plant absorbs heavy metals, confirming that the application of Quitomax® contributes to solubilizing the Pb and Cd of the soil, in addition to contributing to a greater development of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was developed in "Semillero" Farm, belonging to the UBPC "El Cuartelito" in "Laguna Blanca" Agricultural Enterprise, Santiago de Cuba province during the 2018-2019 campaign with the objective of defining the partial norm and total net irrigation for the Delicias 364 variety bean. For this, a water balance of the area was carried out that allows knowing the behavior of rainfall with respect to reference evapotranspiration. From the balance, we proceeded to determine the water needs of the bean through the irrigation regime by the soil moisture balance method, taking into account the phases of vegetative development of the crop and using the coefficients obtained in research work for Cuba conditions, the estimation of irrigation needs were also calculated through the Crop Wat program. The values reached were compared with those that appear in INRH Resolution 17/2020 to prepare the Irrigation and Water Use Schedule. As a result, according to the programming by phases of crop development, applying the Kc obtained from research results in Cuba, it was possible to define that the net partial average norm is 247.5 m-ha'1 and the total is 3217.28 m-ha'1 higher than those obtained with the CropWat program by 15% and 7%, compared to those dictated by INRH Resolution 17/2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate morpho-agronomic characters of the jamaican flower, Ficaru-90 variety, in a fluvisol soil. Materials and Methods: the research was carried out at of the Jucaibama Agricultural Experimental Station belonging to the "Jorge Dimitrov" Agricultural Research Institute. It was carried out, in the period from August to December, of the years 2019 and 2020. A 1×1 m plantation framework was established. At harvest time, the height of the plant (m), basal diameter of the stem(mm), branches per plant (number), calyx per plant (number), length of the calyxes(mm), as well as accumulation of fresh and dry biomass of the calyxes were evaluated. The t-student test was performed to assess the differences between the two years. Results: statistically significant differences were corroborated in the variables height of the plant, basal diameter of the stem, length of the calyxes and fresh mass of the calyxes. The highest values were observed in the year 2020 where the height of the plant reached 1.87 m compared to 1.43 m in 2019; the stem diameter was 3.7 cm in 2020 and 2.9 cm in 2019; while in the year 2020 the fresh mass of the calyces reached a value of 1 320.3 g plant-1 and 963.8 in 2019. Conclusions: in the year 2020 there were more favorable conditions for the growth and development of the jamaica flower crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess soil fertility after it has been managed, or to monitor the evolution of its properties when subjected to the impact of some improvement measure, it is necessary to take into consideration physical analysis. Although structure is one of the properties most sensitive to changes, N. I. Savvinov method does not provide precise information related to results of its analysis and soil aggregation state. The present work aim was to evaluate and establish an indicator calibration of structural stability and their relation to the weighted average diameter of aggregates in different soils. To establish the indicator calibration, 161 samples from the cultivable horizon of different types of soils were analyzed. Soils under pasture and forest showed the best indicators of structural stability and a weighted average diameter of their aggregates more favorable for crop development; while those intended for intensive agricultural production showed values indicative of their structure degradation and the prevalence of diameters in their aggregates that affect the proper functioning of soils, so that from results a more accurate interpretation can be made regarding structural stability behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The search for life on other planets is one of the most important scientific challenges of this century, centered mainly on Mars. The Atacama Desert is one of the places on the planet with an environment similar to the red planet, with a hyper-arid core that constitutes an extreme environment and scarce life, due to environmental factors. At the moment it has not been possible to confirm the existence of life in this planet, but it is planned to take the life to this planet by means of potato crop. Also has been research the application of microorganisms for the recovery of desert soils, with high salinity or low fertility, through the interaction of microorganisms and plants. The present review describes the similarities between the La Joya desert in Atacama and Mars, showing its importance for the search for life on that planet. Show the recent advances in the investigation of potato crops for its development on Mars or in similar conditions, in addition to the importance of the application of microorganisms that facilitate the growth and adaptability of this crop to inhospitable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was carried out with the objective of documenting the main biostimulants used in the world to mitigate the effects of water stress, as well as the physiological, morphological and biochemical effect that these substances cause in the crops that have been studied. A review of scientific articles published in national and international journals, as well as master's and doctoral theses from different universities and scientific centers was carried out. The application of biostimulants is one of the most promising agricultural practices to mitigate the effects of drought on plants. There are numerous microorganisms in the world, as well as synthetic or naturally occurring substances that have a positive effect on crop development, yields and drought tolerance. They can optimize biochemical, physiological and anatomical processes such as regulating stomatal conductance, increasing the concentration of proline and cellular osmolytes, increasing photosynthetic efficiency, inducing the production of LEA proteins and antioxidant enzymes, reducing cell membrane damage, maintaining leaf water content and increasing the soil exploration capacity of the root system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a study conducted in Argentina on the vegetative phenology of yerba mate and its relationship with environmental variables. Five vegetative phases were identified, and different budding rhythms were observed in different seasons of the year. The results show that thermal times vary according to the rhythms and stages of crop development. This study is important for understanding the phenology of yerba mate and its efficient management in agriculture. [Extracted from the article]

Sunflowers are attacked by insect pests at various stages of crop development. Among them there is a complex of species of Coleóptera order, genus Listroderes Schoenherr, commonly known as "sunflower weevils". The adults affect the crop at the early stages of its development. During 2019-2020 growing season, adult of Listroderes foveatus (Lea) species caused significant losses in the sunflower plant stand, in several sunflower plots of the southeastern region of Buenos Aires province. Damage at basal level of the plant stem was registered. Depending on the vegetative development stage, they caused their cut or strangulation, followed by overturning and subsequent death. The magnitude of the damage caused was reflected in the need for total or partial resowing in several sunflower plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Macro-tunnel technology is an alternative that reduces the impact caused by climatic conditions and the incidence of pests and diseases, improving yield and quality. The objective of the work is to evaluate the response of the three Rubus spp. Cultivars in their vegetative and reproductive growth under macro-tunnel, as well as the incidence and severity of pests and diseases, to find the characteristics of each cultivar that allow them to be differentiated morphologically and phenologically. Through an analysis of variance, it is determined that the cvs. San Antonio and Castilla present similar morphological characteristics; while the cv. Brazos is characterized by being a rustic cultivar which presents the highest fruit weight (10.60 g) and yield (179.03 g/plant/cycle-4), however, it is the one that presented the lowest soluble solids (5.8 °Brix) in comparison with 'Castilla' that reaches the highest value (10.88°Brix). Regarding the phenological development, the earliest is 'Brazos' (155 days from transplant to harvest) and the latest is 'Castilla' (169 days). On the other hand, the results show that on average the temperature inside the macro tunnels increases from 5 to 10 °C, and these conditions are inadequate for the development of the crop, favoring the incidence and proliferation of diseases such as powdery mildew and pests such as aphids. 'Brazos' is characterized by having a high resistance to pests (1 %) and diseases (11 %); while 'Castilla' is the most susceptible cultivar with a high incidence (76 %) and severity (12 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the physiological growth of tobacco plants, there may be competition with weeds for light, moisture and soil nutrients, which slows down the development of the crop, raises management costs and in some cases, causes losses to the farmer. The objective of this work was to determine the persistence of weeds under chemical control before and after the transplantation of tobacco seedlings, for which a study was carried out in Campoalegre (Huila), at a height of 522 masl. A first sampling was carried out using the methodology by linear transects with 180 quadrants of 0.5 x 0.5 m, in 1.9 ha; later the application of herbicides was carried out and after the transplant a second sampling was implemented. Before transplantation, 16 botanical families with 23 species were identified and later 15 families with 19 species, without the presence of new records. Before transplanting, the highest index of importance value was of the Poaceae and the Cyperus rotundus species, but later the greatest value was presented again by the same family, although Rottboellia cochinchinensis stood out. Likewise, previously transplantation, the greatest diversity was of C. rotundus, dominance of Cleome spinosa and uniformity of Spermacoce assurgens. After transplanting, the greatest diversity and dominance was R. cochinchinensis and the greatest uniformity was Kallstroemia maxima. The survival capacity of the weeds is highlighted before a chemical control where only four species of those initially listed stopped appearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Tomato" Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) is a vegetable with a high demand for human consumption. However, it is susceptible to salinity, which causes reduction in growth and development in this crop. One of the agronomical practices that alleviates salt stress is inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of NaCl and Rhizophagus irregularis on the growth of tomato under greenhouse conditions. For that purpose, tomato plantlets were treated with three inoculum concentrations (0; 1.5; 3g) and then submitted to three NaCl concentrations (0, 100 y 200mM) for 30 days. Then the growth variables were evaluated. Results show that treatments induced significant differences in tomato growth. Increasing levels of salinity induced reduction of all variables measured with the exception of root length. Meanwhile, inoculum concentrations induced growth on stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of internodes, stem fresh weight and root fresh weight. Inoculation with mycorrhiza induced a reduction in the growth arrest caused by salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Table grapes (Vitis vinifera) are one of the crops of highest economic and social relevance in Sonora, Mexico. Due to the scant precipitation and high evaporative demand of the zone, it is a crop with a high water requirement. Therefore, its production depends on the application of irrigation, and it is important to have precise and extensive estimation of the crop evapotranspiration (ETC) to improve efficiency of irrigation in the short term. This research was carried out during 2018 and 2019 with the objective of developing and evaluating a model between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) calculated with Sentinel-2 images, and the crop coefficient (KC) determined with a covariance turbulence flux system (Eddy Covariance, EC) as an option for estimating the ETC of a vineyard of table grapes in Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora. Using NDVI and KC data from 2018 records, a simple regression model was constructed with the start forced to the origin at the null coordinates (KCNDVI = 0.9467 NDVI; R2 = 0.74) as a base for ETC estimation. When the regression model was validated with daily 2019 data, an R2 of 0.76 was obtained along with a CME of 0.11 by relating KC vs. KCNDVI. Whereas by relating ETC vs. estimated ETC, an R2 of 0.92 was found, and a CME of 0.67 mm d-1. The results indicated that the ETC can be estimated with adequate precision and in an opportune manner with the proposed model. However, it was found that the model may underestimate ETC during the period of maximum crop development due to NDVI saturation. However, in the winter when the values of NDVI depend on the soil structural characteristics and on the remains of winter pruning, ETC tends to be overestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: The mung bean is widely cultivated in Asia and Brazil, it has emerged as an option for cultivation in the second crop in the Central West Brazil, especially rotation with grasses is intended; however, the uneven and slow emergence of mung bean seedlings can lead to delays in the development of the crop and impair the final stand. Knowledge gap: Some of the conditions that affect the initial establishment of the crop are the sowing depth and the size of the seed. These factors are still under discussion in the scientific environment, especially for a culture recently introduced in Brazil. Purpose: the objective was to evaluate the effect of seed size and sowing depth standardization on the performance of mung bean seedlings. Methodology: The trial was conducted in a Red Latosol, with Aw climate, average annual rainfall of 1300 mm and bimodal distribution. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with 8 replicates of 25 seeds, totaling 48 plots. The factors analyzed were two seed size (3 and 4 mm) and three sowing depths (1, 2 and 3 cm). The emergency speed index (ISE), non-emerged seedlings, normal seedlings, fresh mass, dry mass and seedling length were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and, when significant at 5% probability, a Tukey test was applied to compare the means of the factors under study. Results and conclusions: It was verified that, when sown at 1 cm depth, the seeds of mung bean have lower ISE, however, they obtained a lower percentage of seedlings not relevant for the study, and a higher percentage of normal seedlings emerged than at a depth of 3 cm. Thus, the most recommended depth for the sowing of mung beans was 2 cm, regardless of the size of the seed used. The seed class of 4 mm allowed the development of seedlings with higher dry matter accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) shelter a varied entomofauna of thysanurans, among which Thrips palmi Karny stands out. In late 2019, the crop was seriously affected in the western region with severe damages associated with the presence of great populations of an unknown species of thrips. The objective of the present work was to identify the species associated with this picture of damages in the bean crop and describe its symptoms. The specimens were collected cleared for mounting on slides, and identified by using the taxonomic keys. The results showed the presence of Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the evaluated plant material, where female and male adults and nymphs of the first and second instars were verified. The symptoms observed on the bean plants agreed with the form of feeding of the thrips. The symptoms observed in the affected fields were diverse according to the plant age and phenological state and the crop development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia, the oil palm growing-regions have different climatic conditions that influence the development and the crop yield. The crop production of seven tenera genotypes and nine OxG hybrids of oil palm (F1 and backcross) was evaluated between 2015 and 2017 in two oil palm areas, in a complete randomized block design with four replications and 20 palms per experimental unity. Combined analyzes of covariance were initially performed for tenera and OxG hybrid genotypes, considering the number of palms per experimental unit as a covariate, in order to establish the effect of genotypes (G) and the environment (E) in yield (kg/plot). The environments and genotypes were classified using cluster analysis and yield stability analysis was made using AMMI model. In OxG hybrids, differences (a <0.0001) were observed in fresh fruit bunches (kg/plot) between environments, between genotypes and genotype x environment (GxE) interaction for yield (kg/plot), while differences (a <0.0001) in tenera materials were found between environments and in GxE interaction. Specific adaptation was identified in tenera T6, T1, and H14 in the environments Tu2017B, Li2016A, and Li2017A. General adaptation was observed in tenera T2 and T3, and OxG hybrids H11 and H15. Yield genotypes of T2 and T3 were 176.2 and 174.1 kg/plot, while H15 and H11 was 274.2 and 264.6 kg/plot. In tenera genotypes and OxG hybrids, the RFF yield was influenced by the GxA interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sinu Valley is a subregion with the largest corn planting and production area in Colombia. Corn yield in recent years have presented a stagnation, despite having agri-ecological technologies and conditions suitable for cultivation. It is presumed that continuous soil tillage through the years has generated a high degree physical and chemical deterioration of soil characteristics. This research was carried out with the objective of diagnosing soil fertility based on some physicochemical properties. Sampling was carried out in 80 farms, where corn have been continuously planted, and rotated with cotton. The results indicated that from the chemical point of view, in general soils present an adequate fertility for crop development and productivity; however, some degree of deterioration on the physical characteristics was observed, and evidenced by variables such as apparent density, basic infiltration, and distribution of roots in the profile, mainly conditioned to the type of tillage that has been practiced. This has probably affected root growth, free water and gas circulation, and nutrition of corn crops. A more detailed study on root distribution in the soil profile was recommended to propose strategies for soil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-- Adequate water quality and availability is one of the most important factors for sustainable development, for agriculture, it affects plant nutrition, and makes water assessment necessary. Objective-- Asses irrigation water comprising 60 farms in four municipalities of Boyacá department (Colombia). The farms are part of a project for agroecological production. Methodology-- In each municipality, three agroecological models would be established and five farms / model for a total of 15 farms per municipality. Two samples were taken per farm, replicated over time with an hour difference for a total of 120 samples in the four municipalities. Parameters included five cations, six anions, iron, manganese, zinc, boron and copper, total hardness, hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio. All parameters were analyzed in laboratory following the protocols for water quality assessment. Results-- the assessed samples were suitable for agricultural and irrigation purposes; some samples exhibit restrictions for the following parameters: bicarbonate, iron, manganese, boron, total hardness and pH. Conclusions-- Sources of water supply sampled for the 60 farms allow them to be used as water for agricultural irrigation, some have restrictions due to high concentrations of iron, manganese and boron; high cv were also observed in some variables and low concentrations of potassium, magnesium and calcium, which is a concern for the influence it could have on crop development within agroecological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of adequate plant densities can be a key and important factor to increasing rice productivity (Oryza sativa L.). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of four population densities (DP) on the growth and agricultural production of rice. The INCA-LP-5 cultivar was managed between April and August 2016. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, with four population densities (250,000, 350,000, 450,000 and 550,000 plants ha-1) and five replications. The effects of the PD were verified by observing the following parameters: evaluated the following indicators, plant height (cm), tiller number per hill, number of panicles per m2, number of grains per panicle, panicle length (cm), 1000 grains weight (g) and grain yield (t ha-1). The results indicated that the DP of 450,000 plant ha-1 showed the best results in rice productivity. These results were possible because the DP of 450,000 plants ha-1 increased the morphological and productive parameters in relation to the other densities studied. The findings of this study indicated that the use of optimal plant densities plays a fundamental role in the growth and productivity of rice, which leads to a sustainable development of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under current conditions it is necessary to use water in agriculture efficiently and to maximize production; that is why the present work aims to study the influence of irrigation management on the yields of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) planted in Red Ferralitic soils. The study was carried out in the experimental block of the Sugarcane Territorial Research Station (ETICA), municipality Quivicán, Mayabeque province, where irrigation management by phonological phases of sugar cane was compared from the proposal of the INICA Irrigation and Drainage Service with the "Irrigation schedule" designed for the definition of the time of irrigation and the water volume to be applied. The irrigation method used was the reel machine. As a result it was necessary to apply 27 irrigations with total net standard of 9 450 m3·ha-1 in cane plant. Comparing the operating irrigation regime with that scheduled for the high growth phase of the crop shows that according to the schedule 33 irrigations with a total sheet of 1 000.3 mm would be needed to maintain in the soil a level of moisture suitable for the good development of the crop. The irrigation regime proposed by the Irrigation and Drainage Service estimates the needs in the budding phase by 29,5%, while in the long period phase, where physiological processes that affect yields occur, there is a deficit of 144,7 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted at the "El Jaguey" belonging to the Cooperative Credit and Service "Ramón López Peña" of the Council Popular Cortés, Sandino, Pinar de Río, with the aim of determining vegetative and yield development in five cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.). The established cultivars were 'Caribe 71', 'Diandra F1', 'Regent F1', 'Red Creole' and 'Texas Early Grain E 502', which were distributed in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The planting was carried out in rows, at a distance of 0.30 x 0.10 m, with homogeneous seedlings of each cultivar. Evaluations were carried out at 32 and 60 days after transplantation, where the variables plant height, number of active leaves, diameter of the false stem and total fresh mass were characterized. At harvest time, the fresh mass, the equatorial and polar diameters and the humidity were determined in the bulbs. The crop yield was also estimated. The results showed greater vegetative development in the cultivars 'Texas Early Grano E 502' and 'Red Creole', although the former reached yields above 35 t ha-1 and significantly exceeded the other cultivars. The equatorial diameter of the bulb determined its fresh mass in more than 85%, with the exception of the cultivar 'Texas Early Grano E 502', while the percentage of humidity of the bulb exceeded 75% in all cases and was infiuenced by the color of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spal: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla is the property of Spal. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to reduce heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils, we decided to assess the effect of organic amendments (compost and vermicompost). The work was carried out using sunflower as a fitorremediator. For this purpose, the agricultural soils of the Mantaro and Muqui localities of the Mantaro Valley were used. The results indicate that the soils of the locality of Muqui, contain the greatest amount of Pb and Cd, presenting negative effects on biomass production. The sunflower plant absorbs heavy metals as evidenced by the increased accumulation of lead and cadmium at the root of the sunflower, no significant differences were found between the accumulation of lead in stems and flowers, stems and leaves, for cadmium on the stems and leaves, confirming that the application of organic amendments contributes to solubilizing the Pb and Cd of the soil, in addition to contributing to further development of the crop. Cadmium Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) values (0.53 - 0.66) were better than lead (0.07 - 0.08), while Translocation Factor (FT) values indicated a sunflower capacity as a phytostabilizer, especially with the use of vermicompost (Pb: 1.2 - Cd: 1.4) in compost (Pb: 0.8 - Cd: 1.2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the research was to analyze environmental conditions incidence on Salvia hispanica L. during 2014 and 2015 crop years at the Humid Pampa core zone. Sowing was made in a 2 ha plot of the Experimental Camp at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA) of the Nacional University of Rosario (UNR), placed in Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina. Seeds used came from commercial crops grown in the province of Salta, Argentina. Parameters evaluated in both 2014 and 2015 crop years were: plant height, number of spikes per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and germinative power. Crop development was not affected by frost. During 2014 crop year, the great amount of rain and low temperatures allowed a higher incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These conditions caused a lower number of spikes per plant (15,9) and weight of 1000 seeds (0,904 g) than 2015 crop year (77,8 spikes/plant and 1,297 g weight of 1000 seeds). In 2014 crop year, empty seeds and a lower germinative power seeds was observed. Climatic conditions during S. hispanica culture cycle in the Humid Pampa's zone directly affected the crop development and also quality and production of harvested fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia the production of flowers is carried out in different types of greenhouses with a common feature and it is the passive type of climate control. At present, the knowledge on the climatic performance of these structures is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the thermal behavior of a suspension-type chapel greenhouse under diurnal and nocturnal climate conditions under the prevailing meteorological conditions of Bogotá savannah. The evaluation was made by numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applied to a greenhouse dedicated to the production of rose (Rosa sp.). This methodological approach allowed obtaining the thermal distribution patterns inside the greenhouse. It was found that for the meteorological conditions evaluated, the greenhouse generates inadequate thermal conditions for the crop development during the night period, where the value of the temperature obtained was below the recommended minimum of 15°C. The validation of the CFD model was carried out by comparing the results of the simulations and the temperatures recorded in the real prototype of the greenhouse, obtaining an adequate degree of adjustment between the simulated and measured values and with a similar trend during the daily 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in Timbio, Cauca, at 1760 masl, average temperature between 18 and 28ºC, 2200 mm of annual average precipitation and 73% relative humidity in order to evaluate the effect of fertilization with A.L.O.F.A. in coffee and offer producers an economical and reliable alternative to give nutrition to their crops. The evaluation was made in coffee plants of the castle - Tambo variety, the application of the treatments was carried out from the moment of the transplant to the field and it was done during the development and growth of the crop making variations in preflowering, flowering and harvest, the effect It was evaluated on plant height, yield and quality of coffee. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used, 7 treatments were performed, including the control. It was found that there was no statistically significant effect on plant height, and the best results in terms of yield were obtained with the application of ALOFA at 4% and mycorrhizal inoculants plus ALOFA at 4% surpassing the control at 44.6 and 24% respectively. differences were observed in granate and first harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta información acerca de la milpa, el sistema de agricultura utilizado en las civilizaciones mesoamericanas.

In conditions of intensive orchards, located in the municipality of San Antonio del Sur, Cuba, between September and November of 2017 the response of Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp var. Alina (bean) to the foliar application of bioproducts was evaluated. In an experimental design of random blocks with three replications, treatments were evaluated: 5 and 10 ml / ha of Lebame, 1.5 and 3.5 mL/L por ha of Spiruvins, and a uniform application by Rhizoglumus irregularis treatment, plus two treatments of organic matter (MO) consisting of 5 and 10 kg/m2 (control) without rhizobia. The variables evaluated were plant height, stem diameter, number of pods and yield. The highest yields and development of the crop were found with the combined treatments of Lebame and Spiruvins, especially with the dose of 3.5 mL/L por ha of the latter plus the commercial strain EcoMic® of Rhizophagus irregularis with yields 4.17 kg / m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agricolas is the property of University of Narino, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CienciaUAT is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Outside its historical range in South America, the Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) is considered an invasive species. Although recorded in the wild in Mexico since 1999, there are few studies of its impact on agriculture and native birds. From April to August 2015, we evaluated both impacts in agricultural parcels of the Montecillo Campus of Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico. We conducted band transects, focal observations on nests, and direct (on corncobs) as well as indirect assessments (polls) of the damage to the corn crops by parrots and other birds, and collected behavioral records. The approximately colony size was 35 individuals, and we found eight nests very much localized; furthermore, the average parakeet flock was of 2.59 individuals, and our observations show that their interactions – particularly aggressive behaviors (χ² = 8.2, df = 3, P = 0.05) – were intraspecific. According to the polls, the parrots damage mainly maize fields and apricot plantations, although to a lesser extent than other birds, which altogether produce an overall crop damage from 8% to 50%. Moreover, 403 ears of corn (11% of the total assessed) showed bird damage, but only 57 of these ears (14%) were definitely damaged by parrots. The average corn without damage was higher compared to the undamaged (t = -4.99; P = 0.02). Our data suggest that on the Campus, the Monk Parakeet is an invasive exotic species that causes marginal agricultural damage; however, we found no negative interaction with native birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At Tsukuba International Center (TBIC), belonging to Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), located at Ibaraki Prefecture, some growth and development parameters were studied, from March to September 2006, in four rice varieties: J-104, Bluebonnet-50, Suweon-294 and Nipponbare. During crop development since May 5, the following growth development parameters: stalk number, leaf number, plant height, fertilized tillers, agricultural yield (t.ha-1) and its components, as well as green color intensity were weekly evaluated and some differences were observed. J-104 variety showed the best behavior for green color intensity of leaves, panicle grain number, 100-grain weight and agricultural yield, whereas the best results were obtained by the Japanese variety, Nipponbare, for the other growth and development parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation is one of the important aspects to guarantee crop development. This work presents the results obtained in field experiments carried out with the purpose of determining the effect of the intermittent pressure on the diameter of the springs and the application uniformity. It was proven that the intermittence of the pressure contributed to improve the application uniformity with the use of springs type baffle and spinner with rotative parts, as well as, the increment of the wetness radius and energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was developed to determine the influence of different doses of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea in the germination of the arvenses that you/they grow associated to the Green House and determine the influence of different dose of P. caribaea on some of the vegetable crops species that grow in this green house located in the solid one mountainous of the Escambray. In both experiments a design multifactorial was used where the independent variables were Types of Dose, Moment of Evaluation of the Germination and as dependent variable the Germination was used. In the first experiment it was found that the highest doses, 80 and 100 %, respectively, they had inhibitory effects on the germination of the arvenses associated to the Green Houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of the forecasting, the pursuit system and evaluation in potato fields of the whole country, it has demonstrated population dynamics of T. palmi. Keeping in mind this problem during the years 2001, 2002 and 2003, in the farm "Maravilla" at Artemisa, in Havana province was carried out an investigation, with the objective of deepen in the knowledge of the T. palmi population pattern in potato crop. Starting to potato sprouting, were carried out several population survey observing with a magnifying glass of 10x a leaf of the half level for plant. The test of better adjustment to mathematical models, demonstrated that the equations grade polinomiales 2, 3 and 4 are those that better they describe the changes or oscillations happened in the populations of adult and grade 2 and 3 for the larvas, according to the age of the plants, from to sprouting until the senescence. The trend to the population increment from the establishment of pest in crop until the population pick was very represented for exponential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was carried out in the Provincial Center of Training, Experimentation and Agricultural Extension "The Beehive" in the period between 1996-1997, on a Brown soil with Typical Carbonate, being studied the behavior of bean varieties common of grain target for our conditions, being evaluated height of the plant in different moments, phenology of the cultivation, components of the yield and profitability, hurtling that the Beautiful varieties 11 and Lewa showed a maturity for the crop to the 80 days of field, as for the height the Beautiful variety 11 maintained a better behavior during the whole development of the cultivation, as for the analysis of the yield and their components the Beautiful variety 11 stood out as the variety of better results, all economically present favorable results when its production cost is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the purpose to characterize the cultivation systems and to offer more appropriate proposals to reality of the producers, a formal pre-survey structured to producing of sweet potato of the country of Holguín, Cuba was designed and applied. They interviewed 38 producers, of them, 24 singular and 14 communities. In the analysis of the sample they conformed to groups you tune keeping in mind approaches like: productive objectives, warring possession, type of producers and handling of the cultivation. The results allowed to know of the existence of 6 groups: Group I: Producers for self-consumption, singular or collective, without watering. Group II: Producers for self-consumption or collective, with watering. Group III: Producers for self-consumption, singular with watering. Group IV: Producers for the commercialization, singular, with watering. Group SAW: Producers for the commercialization, collective with watering. Each group has own particularities and appreciable differences in the use of the proposed technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective to determine the phenologic characteristics of the Black Mustard (Brassica junceaL.) this work was done during 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 campaigns in a Ferric Quarcitic Yellow Lixivius Soil, according to Hernández et al. (1979). The phenologic parameters already studied were the following, sowing date germination vegetative period, flowering, fructification and dehiscence. The results obtained show that better behaviour is achieved when Mustard is sown in the first fifteen days of November. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]