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Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Campus Virtuales is the property of Campus Virtuales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of La Manzana de la discordia is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pós: Revista do Programa de POS-Graduacao Em Artes - EBA/UFMG is the property of Pos - Programa de Pos-graduacao em Artes (PPG-Artes) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Between face-to-face and virtual education, school and media, and interaction and interactivity, the field of educommunication is often discussed. It has also been regarded as education about media or through media, which is why it is frequently confused with media education. The aim of this article is to review the basic concept of educational communication and its derivatives --educommunication and media education-- and then redefine them from a culturalist point of view. From this approach, the categories of the theory of codes are applied to the so-called educommunication, giving rise to three types thereof: oral-ritual, iconic-narrative and alphabetic-argumentative (paradigmatic). In conclusion, educommunication is proposed as the entire human subjectivation, understood as the acquisition of codes --including a particular language--, and media education as the acceptance of media codes, understood not as technologies but as culture. The fundamental contribution here is the expansion of the concept of educommunication by incorporating, in addition to the analysis of technologies, practices and institutions, code analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociológicas (RIPS) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article refers to the permanent violation of individual and collective human rights; to the permanent violation of the environment, by social actors, who profit from the benefits of nature, ignoring the consequences of the irresponsible practice of the excessive exploitation of illegal mining, illicit crops, pollution of water sources, the excessive exploitation of illegal mining, the environmental damage of forests and forests that are the source of water production from where a large part of the population is kept and that today, with the complicity of some of the institutions, not only violate the rights human beings, but they threaten the environment of our country and contribute irresponsibly to more critical problems such as global warming and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reflects about the significance process of online advertising messages, focusing on redundancy of codes and contexts. To do this, has taken Pragmatics as a theoretical framework, just like the data obtained from advertising banners on the web, available on web pages of four cell phone companies in Colombia. This preliminary approach has showed that redundancy allows guiding the significance process in the addressees from two perspectives: a contribution to preserve communicative intentions that have motivated the production of messages and, a privilege that makes the context to become an important factor in the interpretation of messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Essential marketing, unlike traditional marketing, identifies which of the four crucial aspects of consumer behavior are the ones that induce to buy. For this reason, marketing research is made on the two fundamental stages to carry research: The consumer's and the market's mind. The former gives perceptions and meanings and the latter the behavior codes as well as the archetypal figures involved. This article introduces a new paradigm of essential marketing by identifying the two basic topics of the research, defining the four essential aspects that trigger the consumer behavior, and determining the relationship among those aspects. All this is analyzed within the framework of a holistic, heuristic, and eclectic marketing paradigm because it integrates the knowledge of those sciences and disciplines that converge within the essential marketing with their theory, methodology, and techniques: axiology, semiology, sociology, anthropology, psychology, communication, and neuroscience applied to marketing and consumer behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After considering some key professional ethics issues in psychology, this paper analyzes the collective development of the Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists in 2008, and its further effects on professional and training settings. Its goal is to serve as a guide for reviewing ethics codes in psychology or for the development of new codes, considering 4 general principles and their associated ethical values. Based on those principles, each country or region will be able to develop its own professional ethical standards, in a socially, historically, and culturally situated way. The similarity between the principles pointed out in this declaration and those included in the main South American psychology ethics codes is also considered. Finally, the first 2 experiences in the application of this document’s guidelines are presented, one within a professional setting and a more novel one developed for training in psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the main hurdles and hazards to the development of an economic analysis of the law in Colombia, with an emphasis on commercial contract law and economics. The main hurdles discussed are (1) structural: institutions or processes that slow the development of economic analysis of the law; (2) cultural: a possible aversion by scholars, practitioners, judges, arbitrators, and legislators to this development; and (3) academic: few legal theories have been adapted to the particularities of the Colombian legal system and economic development. If these hurdles are not overcome, at least three hazards to Colombian's development may occur. First, the law, in both theory and practice, may become completely isolated from any economic analysis. Second, law and economics may end up at the exclusive service of theoretical legal analysis without any impact on practitioners, judges, arbitrators, legislators, and other legal actors. Third, legal methodologies may disregard the contribution of other areas, such as philosophy, and may be in the exclusive service of economics or, even worse, of econometrics. This article's view, however, is not as pessimistic as to believe that the hurdles and hazards to a successful interaction between the law and economics are either insurmountable or inevitable. The hurdles may slow Colombian's development of the law and economics but they will not completely block it. Thus, if some of the recommendations put forth in this article are adopted, a negative result is less likely than a positive one in wich the law and economics thrive not only for the sake of themselves, but also for the benefit of scholars, practitioners, judges, arbitrators, legislators, and other legal actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the development and history of the Departamento Nacional del Trabajo (National Department of Labor) in Argentina in the early 20th century. The author comments on the influence of international governmental labor departments on its formation. He also considers the labor laws and legislation promulgated in Argentina during this time period, including labor policies and workers' rights. The establishment of labor organizations and other similar groups at the time is also highlighted.

Companies engaged in the manufacture, marketing and maintenance of cylinders for liquefied petroleum gas in Colombia, stamped steel plates and welded to the product a unique serial code to be identified within the cylinder of the country park. Currently, the identification process is manual and checked approximately 7000 cylinders per day in a single factory. The main objective of this paper is to present a vision system that uses artificial neural networks to recognize the code. This system consists physically of a portable device that controls light environment and scene for the acquisition of images. Another component of the system is to adjust the image. The adjustment is based on median filtering, binarization, label, and segmentation, this processing allows more meaningful information and image discrimination. Finally, the intelligent component identification is performed with Hopfield neural networks and an algorithm that checks the development of image recognition. The effectiveness of the system was reported with experimental results obtained on the basis of error with a significant number of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The points of convergence between structuralism and the hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur are outlined. The philosopher synthesizes the differences between hermeneutics and structuralism: a) method begins a virtual code, not of speech or reality; b) the meaning of the text is not found in the words, but rather in the whole discourse; c) semantics is not a secondary plane comparatively with syntax; d) the literary structure critic falsely enclosed the text in a self-referred language; e) the literary text communicates existential problems, and f) structuralism only studies diachronicism in one sole code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: During the year 2007, a group of students and instructors of the Faculty of Education at Saint Bonaventure University in Medellin, assigned to the GRILEC research group at the same university, was currently developing a piece of research on family linguistic codes and its influence on the use of the school linguistic codes of the students, who are between seven and nine years of age, belonging to the following institutions: (1) CORVIDE, (2) AURES and (3) Faith and Happiness in its Saint John of Light and Saint Rita branches. From the research project and during the field work interactive workshops were used as a strategy to disclose information, which let people, read of what happens within the family, school and social settings in each of the aforementioned institutions. This current article accounts for the analysis of the information which springs as a reflection, a product of the exercise of the application of interactive workshops like Patch work quilt, Socio-drama, Photolanguage, Photo History and Problem Tree, in the light of these theoretical approaches around communication as a category of analysis within the project; such an exercise was tackled based on guiding questions like: Which are the problems or school issues related to the communicative aspect, identified by the students? How are the communicative exchanges which take place at school? How does the school interpret the influence exerted by the mass media in the lives of its students? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work, as a part of the study of morphology, communication and architectural representation, developed by the GRUPO COMUNICACIÓN, investigates the production and social acceptance of the architectural building, recognizing formal, physical and symbolic elements, related with digital and analogical mediation, that fall into the projecting activity and the communication situation. The study seeks to demonstrate that knowledge and interaction of popular and behavior codes, allows an agreement of designing guide lines that contribute in consolidating the identity of the popular house, and that the digital mediation allows the understanding between producers and users, while expanding the communicative competition, producing in the receiver an involved attitude. It is a general goal to acknowledge the interaction of behavior and social codes that allow, through the study of the architectural shape and digital mediation, to produce designing guidelines that should consolidate the identity of the popular house of Mar del Plata [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever since his first acts as 'homo sapiens-sapiens', man manifested himself as a gregarious being, producing communication codes with which he established increasingly complex interactions. The codes provide an objective character to concepts and dominate the sense and meaning of the acts that can be materialized in images. The body, from a sociocultural point of view, expresses the enunciation of the 'being' hosted. The signifier of the subject is that which provides a special and self meaning to life, to the interaction with its peers and to death. Along history, the body is constituted in the visual expression of the beliefs and senses that contribute to show which values guide the subject or subjects that make up a group, a community, a society. The social subject, from different times and societies, has done on his body similar actions, with different 'meanings'. In those societies where the individual is camouflaged with the bio environment and its group, the sense is transcendent and caring. They are traditional societies -as Mircea Eliade calls them- where the body is used as a bridge that connects it to the "sacred". In modern societies, individualism prevails; its reference is the cult for pleasure, for exhibitionism, for the ephemeral, created and recreated by the media. The hermeneutics of the modern man's body is made up by the appearance of the being, rather than the being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]