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The research objective of the present study is to contrast two crises of different nature, the subprime crisis of 2008, and the health crisis of 2020, and its consequences on employment in twenty-four economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. The methodological design is based on a data panel with fixed effects considering the period from 2005 to 2021. Data is extracted from the World Bank. The explanatory variables are GDP, inflation, foreign direct investment, and the coverage of work and social protection programs. After realizing the tests of Breusch Pagan, Hausman, Wooldridge and Wald, an econometric model of Panel Corrected Standard Errors with fixed effects and dichotomous variables is implemented, to describe the effect of time. It was found that both periods, 2008 and 2020, were significant. Moreover, a greater impact on the increase in unemployment because of the health crisis 2020 is confirmed due to the decrease in production and the precariousness of the labour market in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (REOP) is the property of Revista Espanola de Orientacion y Psicopedagogia (REOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (REOP) is the property of Revista Espanola de Orientacion y Psicopedagogia (REOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article criticizes the neoliberal policies that are usually applied to solve the various economic crises and problems of recent decades. It argues that such actions are not based on the economic reality, so they are not effective, nor do they focus on the ways in which they negatively affect different social groups--such as unemployment, increased inequality, and housing crises, since they are only conceived as collateral damage. This reflection is based on the economic policies applied to two current phenomena: the crisis caused by the covid-19 pandemic and inflation, which have highlighted the need for a more active government intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Carta Económica Regional is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen: Se analizan las políticas fiscales y laborales que afectan al trabajo autónomo en los países europeos de la OCDE, mediante regresiones de panel entre series no estacionarias del periodo 1995‐2022. El impacto es heterogéneo según las formas de trabajo autónomo y se examina su correlación con las políticas en las dimensiones de género, edad y calificación profesional. La variación a largo plazo de la proporción de trabajo autónomo sin empleados muestra una robusta correlación con el salario mínimo y la legislación de protección del empleo; si hay empleados, la proporción varía con la cuña fiscal y las prestaciones por desempleo. La desindustrialización se correlaciona positivamente con el trabajo autónomo, que presenta algunas características procíclicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: En este artículo se presentan dos métodos para obtener medidas de calificación profesional y distancias ocupacionales de comparabilidad internacional, basados en técnicas de aprendizaje automático y de procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Con estas medidas se generan hechos descriptivos sobre las transiciones laborales y la distribución salarial en el Brasil, tras analizar todos los contratos de trabajo formales registrados en el periodo 2003‐2018. Los trabajadores que utilizan intensivamente competencias cognitivas no rutinarias obtienen mejores resultados en cuanto al empleo, los salarios y el cambio de ocupación. Tras la crisis económica brasileña de 2014, se observan indicios de cambio tecnológico con sesgo de rutina y de polarización del empleo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dynamics of inflation and unemployment in Ecuador using econometric models. The research is framed within the theory of the Phillips Curve and employs statistical techniques to analyze historical data. The results reveal a significant relationship between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate in the country. Additionally, ARIMA models were applied to identify patterns and trends in inflation. These findings have important implications for economic policy formulation and strategic decision-making. The need for considering multidimensional approaches and integrating multiple data sources for a comprehensive understanding of economic dynamics is emphasized. In conclusion, this study contributes to the knowledge of the Ecuadorian economy and provides valuable insights for addressing the country's economic challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "REVISTA DE REVISTAS" presents a series of summaries of different academic studies that address topics such as the crisis in the labor market due to technological evolution, public spending preferences during the pandemic and the Great Recession, energy transition in Europe and green extractivism in Latin America, community initiatives of urban agriculture, and the loss of food sovereignty in underdeveloped countries. These studies provide relevant information about different aspects of society and the economy. It is suggested to modify government policies to address food insufficiency in underdeveloped countries, consider the psychosocial consequences of unemployment in crisis contexts, use Official Development Assistance as an alternative to face the consequences of COVID-19, and reflect on the triple global challenge of food security, double nutritional burden, and climate change. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to identify the factors that influence the perception of poverty in Bogota and Cundinamarca. For this we used data from the Multipurpose Survey in Colombia (2017) and estimated a binary response model using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator). The empirical testing showed that high levels of schooling, sufficient income to cover minimum expenses, receiving rents, being a housewife, belonging to the special health regime or not receiving state aid or remittances, decreased the probability of feeling poor. Meanwhile, people were more likely to consider themselves poor if they presented at least one of the following conditions: they were unemployed, were disabled, belonged to the subsidized regime, had low levels of schooling, received help from another person or some institution, or their minimum expenses were not covered by their income. Therefore, to reduce the perception of poverty, public policies in Colombia should aim to create mechanisms that promote higher education and job stability, instead of increasing subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article examines the phenomenon of homicide in Colombia and aims to understand the conditions of vulnerability that affect homicide in Colombian cities. Through a theoretical and methodological approach based on vulnerability, the relationship between homicidal violence and illegal markets, impoverished labor markets, and wealth distribution was analyzed. The sample consisted of the thirty-two departmental capital cities of Colombia. Multivariate statistical tools (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze the relationship between these factors and homicide. The findings suggest that low incomes, unemployment, inequality, and violence are associated with an increased risk of homicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: Las respuestas del mercado de trabajo en anteriores recesiones económicas han sido contradictorias y paradójicas, con reacciones procíclicas y anticíclicas según los países. A falta de redes de protección social, como el seguro de desempleo, las tasas de ocupación anticíclicas pueden evidenciar dificultades económicas, más que oportunidades de ocupación productiva. Tras cotejar los datos de ocupación‐desocupación de los hogares de la India con las recomendaciones de la 19.a Conferencia Internacional de Estadísticos del Trabajo sobre la subutilización de la fuerza de trabajo, en este artículo se critican las deficiencias y se aboga por revisar los métodos de recopilación de datos para fundamentar mejor las políticas del mercado laboral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work will investigate the social thought of Pope Francis in relation to the poor and poverty from the encyclical Fratelli Tutti. I understand poverty as the lack of capabilities that a person has to develop in society. Pope Francis sees poverty as a concern that affects dignity and the rights of por people. In addition, he points out that unemployment is one of its main causes. Therefore, work can be an effective solution to combat poverty. The Holy Father is aware that this phenomenon affects the elderly, adults, youth and children, but specially he knows thst women are the most affected. The Pope not only comments on the problem that poverty itself is posing, but goes further, calling Catholics and non-Catholics to act, to go out to meet the poor, with solidarity, charity, opening paths towards fraternity. He also points out that structural changes are fundamental to overcome this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the differences in unemployment between immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean and the US population - whites and African Americans - between 2019 and 2021. Descriptive statistics are observed and probability models are adjusted to identify unemployment-related aspects. We found that, although differences in the probability of being unemployed during the pandemic were associated with the population's education levels, the intersection of race, ethnicity, and sex played a central role in the disparities found. We found that for black men and women, the probability of being unemployed increased during the pandemic. Non-white Latin American immigrants were more likely to be unemployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Entrepreneurship is an intrinsic action for men and women; however, the path women must take differs significantly for various reasons. Problem. Despite the upward trend in the presence of women in the business field, significant social, cultural, and financial limitations persist, influencing the pursuit of social equality. Purpose. To identify motivations leading Latin American women, particularly Mexicans, to start their businesses, conducting an analysis of social and economic conditions of women, addressing aspects such as wage disparity, and discrimination in related aspects. Methodology. A mixed methodology, that includes a literature review accompanied with descriptive and inferential statistical analyses is employed. Through a literature review and a selection of statistical data, the topic of female entrepreneurship in Latin America is analyzed. Sources such as the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), Statista, and the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (for its acronym in Spanish INEGI) reports were consulted, along with academic contributions by different authors. Findings. Revealing data are presented regarding the existing gaps between women and men in terms of aspects such as high-level managerial position occupancy and employment rate. This data demonstrates through a t-student analysis that in a 5-year time-lapse, from 2018 to 2023, the salary gap hasn’t significantly decreased, and this turns into one of the main entrepreneurial motivations for women. Originality from a transdisciplinary and sustainable innovation point of view. There is a scarcity of research within the field of female entrepreneurship in Latin America focusing on examining individual motivations. This approach can contribute to the design public or institutional policies aimed at promoting female entrepreneurship. Conclusions and limitations. The literature review supports the notion that female entrepreneurship arises more out of necessity than opportunity. This study relies on analyzing information from various sources, which poses a limitation when attempting to analyze a specific variable. Therefore, to comprehend a phenomenon like explaining the differences in motives for entrepreneurship between genders, it would be necessary to obtain specific data, requiring an in-depth study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Runas. Journal of Education & Culture is the property of CICSHAL - Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades desde America Latina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lan Harremanak - Revista Relaciones Laborales is the property of Lan Harremanak and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Estudios de la Gestión is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen: Pese a la evidencia de que la educación universitaria mejora las perspectivas laborales, preocupan sus desiguales rendimientos. Sobre los datos administrativos de toda la población de graduados en universidades australianas en el periodo 2005‐2011, se estudian las trayectorias laborales de los individuos procedentes de entornos sociales desfavorecidos (por estatus socioeconómico, migración, discapacidad, origen étnico y zona de residencia) en comparación con los más favorecidos, a lo largo de diez años. La heterogeneidad de la evolución de los ingresos laborales y la percepción de prestaciones por desempleo entre los graduados de distintos grupos es notable. Esto tiene hondas implicaciones para las políticas de equidad social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work provides evidence of the effect of innovation on employment in two countries where this impact has not been previously analysed: Mexico and Ecuador. Following the method proposed by Harrison et al. (2014), we find that introducing new products in the market positively affects employment in Mexico and Ecuador. While process innovation tends to destroy jobs in Mexico, it has no effect in the case of Ecuador. The positive impact of product innovation is observed to be greater than the loss of employment caused by process innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Derecho y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we study wage convergence and flexibility in the labour market of Argentinean provinces. We first review historical determinants and propose a theoretical interpretation: the higher the level of convergence in wages, the lower the convergence in employment and eventually in the product level, because of the low competitiveness of the Interior Area, which conspires, via a restriction of the balance of payments, against their growth. Then, we empirically analyze wage convergence and the degree of wage flexibility in provincial labour markets for the period 1997-2013. We find evidence of real wage convergence and low wage flexibility. This indicates that wages do not depend on provincial factors such as labour productivity or local unemployment but on national determinants such as centralized wage agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows how wages and employability varies according to the educational levels for Chile among labor industries due automation. For this, a DMP search-and-matching model is built introducing automation capital. It is found that the effect of automation is strongly linked to job destruction rate and low task ratio. When automation increases on all educational levels and labor industries, no effect is found on the labor market, existing only when automation increases on a specific educational level. Calibrating to Chilean Data, it is found that increasing in 50% the robotic capital on low educational levels leads to an 1.31% rise on low educational unemployment and 2.65% on the other level. In the other hand, increasing in 50% the robotic capital on high educational levels leads to an 1.95% fall on high educational unemployment and 1.72% on the other level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the duration and scope of the first large-scale return migration of Mexican labor migrants from the United States in the twentieth century, fueled by the financial crisis of 1907-8. The central argument is that this return migration lasted a little longer than two months--from November 1907 to mid-February 1908--and involved between eighteen thousand and twenty thousand people, especially workers who worked on the railroads and in mining in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, as well as in Clifton, Morenci, and Tucson, Arizona. It also shows that this return migration occurred in a context characterized by the growing wave of immigration of Mexican labor to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a dossier that analyzes the dynamics of the border between Venezuela and Brazil, highlighting the biodiversity of the area and the social problems caused by deforestation and illegal mining. It also mentions the high unemployment and poverty in both countries, which has increased social segregation. The article emphasizes the importance of preserving the cultural heritage of the region and addresses the institutional and environmental challenges faced by the borders. It highlights that territorial occupation on the border involves different actors, from small farmers to businessmen and real estate speculators. Despite the challenges, progress has been made in terms of governance and sustainable use of natural resources in border areas. The article is an important academic analysis for understanding the complexity of borders and promoting equitable and sustainable solutions. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Informacion Comercial Espanola Revista de Economia is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen: La relación entre la actividad sindical y la creciente desigualdad de ingresos observada en las economías avanzadas, a pesar de su ambigüedad teórica, se ha pasado por alto en los estudios empíricos. En este artículo se estima un modelo empírico para 26 países europeos entre 2005 y 2018, especificando la desigualdad de ingresos como una función de la tasa de densidad sindical, su valor al cuadrado y un conjunto de variables de control. El modelo se amplía con la inclusión de otras instituciones del mercado de trabajo para evaluar los efectos distributivos de la densidad sindical en toda la estructura institucional. Se observa una relación significativa y persistente, en forma de U invertida, entre densidad sindical y desigualdad de ingresos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal processes take into account the mental state of a person at the time of committing a crime to determine their responsibility. Having a mental disorder in Ecuador is a cause of non-imputability, although there is no catalog of these as causes of non-imputability. The objective of this research was to determine the concordance between the expert diagnosis and the diagnosis established by the Institute of Neurosciences of the Guayaquil Charity Board in people declared inimputable, interned by court order during the period 2013-2022. The methodology is quantitative, descriptive in scope and non-experimental design. The population is 142 participants. The results showed that most of the people declared inimputable are men, between 18 and 34 years old, single, from the coastal region, unemployed and with a low socioeconomic level; crimes against life and personal integrity were the most common. It was found that the concordance between the expert diagnosis and the diagnosis assigned by the Institute of Neurosciences was low, which causes problems in terms of diagnostic reliability; however, the concordance between the hospital admission diagnosis and the hospital discharge diagnosis was good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate suicidal ideation in unemployed individuals categorized as with Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in the city of Corumbá, Brazil. Demographic, occupational, and mental health data from 200 men and 185 women, collected between 2013 and 2018 through a Sociodemographic Questionnaire and a Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. CMD was detected in 35% (n=70) of men and 23.7% (n=44) of women; among them, 25% (n=11) of women and 8.57% (n=6) of men had already considered ending their life. In the ideation group, 6 women and 5 men were single, 6 women and 5 men lacked professional qualifications, 9 women and 4 men had been searching for work for less than a year, 6 women were unemployed, and 4 men were in precarious employment. The majority of women with this profile were mothers of 2 or more children, lacked professional training and had not completed primary education, suggesting psychosocial efforts to secure formal employment or the desperation to adapt to informal jobs in degrading conditions and with insufficient wages for family survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)