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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen Antecedentes La tiña de la cabeza (tinea capitis) es la tiña más común en niños. El diagnóstico clínico se confirma con el estudio micológico, que incluye examen directo con hidróxido de potasio o negro de clorazol, así como el cultivo. Mediante dermatoscopia se ha descrito la presencia de pelos «en coma», «en sacacorchos» («tirabuzón»), además de pelos cortos y puntos negros. Objetivos Describir los patrones dermatoscópicos que se encuentran en la exploración tricoscópica en pacientes con diagnóstico de tiña de la cabeza. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Se incluyeron 37 pacientes con diagnóstico de tiña de la cabeza, atendidos en el mes de mayo de 2012 en el Departamento de Dermatología del Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, de México, y el Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz, de República Dominicana. Se llevó a cabo la evaluación clínica, micológica y dermatoscópica. Resultados Se evaluaron 37 pacientes, 28 mulatos de República Dominicana y 9 mestizos de México, con un 76% de varones y un 24% de mujeres. El 94% de los casos fueron niños. Se corroboró la presencia de los patrones dermatoscópicos ya descritos: pelos «en coma» (41%), «en sacacorchos» (22%), cortos (49%) y puntos negros (33%); además, se constató la presencia de escamas (89%), vainas peripilares (46%), alopecia (65%), pústulas (8%) y costras melicéricas (16%). Conclusiones El estudio dermatoscópico puede confirmar el diagnóstico de tiña de la cabeza, y complementa el estudio micológico, al encontrar pelos «en coma» y «en sacacorchos»; además, se observó la presencia de escamas, vainas peripilares y alopecia. Es deseable instaurar este método diagnóstico en lugares en los que no se cuente con un microscopio óptico o un laboratorio de micología de referencia. Background Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection in children. Diagnosis is confirmed by mycological study, including direct examination of the samples with potassium hydroxide/chlorazol black and culture. Previous studies have reported the presence of “comma hairs” and “corkscrew hairs”, as well as short hairs and black dots. Aims To describe the dermoscopic patterns in the trichoscopic examination in patients with tinea capitis. Methods A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted on 37 patients with tinea capitis, studied during May, 2012, at Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital in Mexico, and the Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz, in the Dominican Republic. Clinical, mycological and dermoscopic evaluations were performed. Results Of the 37 patients included, 28 were of mixed race from Dominican Republic and 9 mixed race cases from Mexico. Seventy six percent were male and 24% female, and 94% were children. The following dermoscopic patterns were confirmed: “comma hairs” (41%), “corkscrew hairs” (22%), short hairs (49%), and black dots (33%). The presence of scales (89%), peripilar casts (46%), alopecia (65%), pustules (8%), and meliceric crusts (16%), were also observed. Conclusions Dermoscopy in tinea capitis showed the presence of “comma hairs”, and “corkscrew hairs”. Scales, peripilar casts and alopecia were also found. It would be desirable to establish this diagnostic tool, particularly when an optical microscope or a mycology reference laboratory are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of orthopaedic patients. Design: Prospective observation study. Setting: Tertiary hospital, Clinical Nutrition Unit. Patients: 107 patients (56,1% women, 43,9% men, 62,1 ± 20,4 years) are studied at admission to the orthopaedic unit and it is observed the evolution of orthopaedic surgery patients with hip or knee prosthesis. Material and methods: Medical history, anthropometric data and three nutritional screening tools were considered: Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) y Valoración Global Subjetiva (VGS). It was assessed the prevalence of malnutrition in patients on admission to hospital, using different methods and determining if a correlation exists between malnutrition and other factors, such as the development of pressure sores of the dependence in activities of daily living. Results: The risk of malnutrition is 22 and 24/100 patients admitted at hospital, if MNA and SGA are used, respectively (SGA caregorized 4% of the group as "malnourished"). 80% patients are considered to be at high risk of malnutrition using MUST. 1,7% patients presented a Body Mass Index (BMI) lower than 18,5. There is a strong agreement between malnutrition and neropsychological status (p = 0,001), and the dependence in activities of daily living (p = 0,002), and between medium and high risk of malnutrition and the development of pressure sores (p = 0,003). If MNA and SGA (p = 0,000) are used, post-surgical patients presents a deteriorating nutritional status. Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition in patients on admission to hospital is elevated. Orthopaedic surgery patients with hip and knee prosthesis presented a deteriorating nutritional status, and a higher incidence of pressure sores in a month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]