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The following article aims to carry out a reflective and interdisciplinary analysis of the role of the church in the colonial administration based on five works published in the last fourteen years. Each one of them will attempt to identify key aspects directly related to the actions of the clergy in the political, economic, social, and cultural life of the New Kingdom of Granada. Among these elements are the juridical-institutional vision, religious practices, and power relations. In order to achieve the aforementioned, a systematic review of the bibliography on this issue will be carried out, highlighting the contributions of each author and the feasibility of possible new research horizons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Atalanta: Revista de las Letras Barrocas is the property of Atalanta Revista de las Letras Barrocas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the geographical descriptions of the Spanish cosmographers and chronicles of the 16th and 17th centuries, one can detect the first attempts at scientific theorizing about the empirical causes that explain the climate of the torrid and temperate zone of the New World, specifically for the southern hemisphere. In this way, in the works of Pedro Cieza de León and the Jesuits José de Acosta, Bernabé Cobo and Alonso de Ovalle, are presented the first indications of climatic principles deduced through experimentation and proposition of theories to explain the diverse climatic phenomenon observed in the New World. In this sense, these authors developed the first theories about precipitation, the moderating effect of the ocean, the vertical gradient of temperature and atmospheric pressure, and that they have not been sufficiently studied by current historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Calderoniano is the property of Anuario Calderoniano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scientific literature has shown the important role that handwriting played in the production of an empirical knowledge which was instrumental to the expansion of the European empire in the Indies. Handwritten documents were also instrumental in the way power was exercised from the metropolis. This scientific literature indirectly challenges us to (re)think the way European representations of the New World were a "transcription of America". The first objective of this article is to provide a critical summary and reflect on how writing practices were spread, appropriated and used among in Spanish America and Philippines from the fifteenth century to the eighteenth century. The second objective of this article is to present a wider scientific project based on a new methodology to analyze handwritten colonial archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inquiline oak gall wasp Synergus cultratus Ritchie and Shorthouse, 1987, previously known only from Guatemala, is recorded for the first time from Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Letras (0326-3363) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy is the property of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Walt Whitman is known mainly as a poet, as one of the great poets that gave the New America of the nineteenth century. But in 1871 he wrote Democratic Perspectives, a text that despite having a poetic language, is a clear manifestation of his political thought. We will take this essay as a reference to provide a reading that will bring us closer to the political thinking of the author and, in addition, we will go to other authors, other Whitman texts and our own understanding to complete the writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. To produce recombinant single-chain antibodies from alpaca that will bind to the excreted-secreted (ES) Fasciola hepatica antigen with high affinity and specificity, so as to develop new diagnostic technologies of human and animal fascioliasis. Materials and Methods. A gene bank of DNA of the variable dominions of heavy single-chain antibodies (VHH) has been created, based on mononuclear cells of peripheral blood of an alpaca immunized with the ES antigen of F. hepatica. The gene bank was screened with the ES antigen by differential phage display, selecting ten VHH that bind specifically to ES. The anti-ES VHH was cloned in an expression vector, the recombinant protein (VHH-ES1) of 15.3 kDa was produced by fermentation in E. coli and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The binding of VHH-ES1 to the ES antigen was evaluated by ELISA using VHH-ES1 as capture antibody, policlonal anti-ES serum of rabbit and conjugated rabbit anti IgG with radish peroxidase. Results. A VHH that binds to the ES antigen (VHH-ES1) has been identified through differential phage display and produced by fermentation in E. coli; this corresponds to an antibody of the long-hinge IgG2 subclass. The binding of the VHH-ES1 antibody to the antigen shows linearity with respect to the concentration of ES in the 50-5,000 ng/mL range and the limit of detection value of the antigen is in the 30-170 ng/mL range of ES (R2=0.99). Conclusions. The VHH-ES1 binds with affinity and specificity to the ES antigen of F. hepatica and is a promissory antibody to be assessed for the development of new fascioliasis diagnostic technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teoría y Praxis is the property of Editorial Universidad Don Bosco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To speak of the importance that Francisco de Zurbarán has had among the artists of the New World, is to refer to one of the subjects that have been approached more profusely since the artistic historiography accentuates his interest in rescuing the nexos that are given between authors, themes and styles developed between artists, both peninsular and overseas, in an era, the seventeenth century, of brilliant results in the artistic field. In this case we make a review of one of the most influential artists from Extremadura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years animals have gained increasing popularity in humanistic studies and have become a bountiful subject of interdisciplinary studies. It has been noted that through them it is possible to carry out the de-codification of the culture of several civilizations and that literary texts are a powerful medium for this purpose. The analysis of animals is of interest to us as a mirror of the habits and customs of human beings, as a projection of human virtues and defects, as a symbol. Based on this premise, we will attempt to analyze a series of textual and iconographic Hispanic American sources focused on a particular animal, the dog, in order to arrive at fixed and variable features in the context of Hispanic America during the Conquest and Colonization, and the meaning they entail. Our readings reveal two canine groups, namely: the companion dog and the monstrous-soldier dog, linked with the dog of the Hispanic American man and with the dog of the Conqueror, respectively. We note that both canine types reinforce the imaginary established for each of the mentioned human groups during the periods analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New World opened, during the sixteenth century, an excellent natural and human space, unknown before to both Europe and Spain, with great importance for the later development of the natural, social and humanistic sciences. The Chronicles of Indies include, among other aspects, a fascination for American nature, but also social aspects and economic and political organization of populations that existed there, as well as different aspects imposed by the Spanish new administration. Inca Garcilaso's work brings the novelty of the vision of the native who has lived in this territory with its people. The Rojal Commentaries of the Incas includes references of great interest for the knowledge of the geography of Peru. They are basically human geographies of the Incan empire, but there is no shortage of brilliant notes on elements of the physical geography of the Andean territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After analyzing the Czech literature of the second half of the 16th and the beginnings of the 17th century (historical, polemical, occasional, the "proto-journalism"; narrative as well as poetry; translations as well as original works), it can be stated that the Black Legend reflected also in the Czech Lands. Predominant were the themes of the Inquisition and other problems related to the confessionalization in Europe (the rebellion in the Netherlands after the year 1566, the defeat of the "Invincible Army" in 1588, the religious wars in France) as well as in the New World. As for the focus of propagation of the anti-Spanish literature, it was not possible to localize it specifically, because there were numerous connections between non-Catholic Bohemians and different streams of European Protestantism of the period. However, majority of the most important connections were detected between the members of the Czech Unity of Brethren and the Calvinists in Geneva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this essay is to show some examples of the important role that had the Bible in the evangelization of the New World during the 16th century. Three aspects will be studied here: 1) the initial attempt to translate biblical texts to indigenous languages, finally frustrated; (2) the importance of Sacred Scripture for political and religious strategies to be followed with respect to the New World, exampled on the appointment of Lc 14.23; (3) biblical themes in the theatre of evangelization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article features a research about the use and interpretation of the myth of the Argonauts and other classical heroes in the little-known book Argonautica Americanorum, written in latin in 1647 by the German jesuit Johann Bissel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review of the New World carried out by the French Renaissance writer Michel de Montaigne in some of his most famous essays provided a picture of human condition that broke with the Aristotelian paradigm held by the Spanish humanist Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda and other authors. Montaigne, using the same texts that most of the scholastic scholars of his time used, takes distance from the dominant peripatetic view of man (christianized during the Middle Ages), showing an alternative perspective that we could qualify as radically Modem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years, the ancient Idea of the "commons" has experienced a revival as an option to the current forms of property, namely private and public property, whose supporters use to resort to its most certain source, roman law. Although it is hardly known or even not absolutely known, this idea was used in the 16th century by the Spanish Dominican Francisco de Vitoria as a fundamental component of its dominium theory, which not only was employed for his examination of the justice of the conquest of the New World, but it also played the role of being the moral and legal basis or justification of Spanish ownership of it. A reconstruction of his work in the light of the dominium theory is essential for the visibility of this doctrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the authors reflections on the text of "Orlando furioso" by Ludovico Ariosto, Spanish providentialist interpretations of the discovery of the new world (the American continent) and the notion of the Spanish Empire as successor to the Roman Empire, The author discusses comments by Spanish author Luis Vives who, based on a text from Latin author Virgil's book "Bucólicas" sees the return of a not yet reached golden age in the success of the Christian monarchy of Spanish Emperor Charles V.

The author seeks to paint a portrait of the Basque writer, Miguel de Unamuno. Based on testimonials from other writers and the works of the controversial Rector of the University of Salamanca, a depiction of one of the most important Spanish authors takes shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the institutionalization of the science of cosmography in Spain during the 16th century. It describes how the Spanish monarchy used cosmography in its efforts to define the Atlantic region and dominate the New World. The article focuses on how Spanish institutions like the Casa de la Contratación de Sevilla, Consejo de Indias, and Academia de Matemáticas contributed to these efforts. It explains that the Casa de la Contratación de Sevilla was founded in 1503 by Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, that the institution's first cartographer (Juan de la Cosa or Juan el Vizcaíno) was charged with drafting the first maps of lands in the Americas explored by Spain, and that English explorer Stephen Borough was impressed with the institution after visiting it in 1558.

The article examines the views of European explorers and chroniclers on the indigenous civilizations which they encountered upon arriving in the Americas and specifically in the geographic area which later became Venezuela. In particular, it examines the diaries and logs of Italian explorers Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci, Franciscan friar Pedro de Aguado, and Spanish chronicler Juan de Castellanos. The article analyzes the impressions of these men from a perspective that considers history as the result of humankind's search for better conditions in which to live and develop, or utopia. It suggests that European explorers, steeped in the ideologies of mercantilism and the Catholic Church, viewed indigenous societies in the Americas with indifference.

From the classic scheme per locos et imagines of the artificial memory, in this study we analyze the relations between word, image and symbol in the colonial America. For this, we will focus on the Rhetorica christiana by Diego Valadés (1579) and the Primer nueva corónica i buen gobierno (1615) by Guamán Poma. Both books include images of varied nature: some of them are Eurocentric and stereotypic of the "otherness" (Valadés) while others, more rhetorical and symbolic, are the result of two conceptions of the world (Poma de Ayala), but both are products of the effective use of the treatises on good managing of the art of memory, that are now presented as a useful resource for the configuration of new imageries and identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a number of key issues in the history of sixteenth-century Iberian science: the role of sixteenth-century Spanish science in the construction of modern science; the encounter of Western science with other forms of knowledge; the relationship between science and empire; and the construction of a Eurocentric world order. The author concludes by suggesting that the idea of "comprehension" -as both a form of appropriation and a process of self-construction- can help explain the political character of science and its role in the Iberian conquest of the New World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species from Mexico, Anicetus myartsevae sp. nov. from the State of Tamaulipas and A. villarreali sp. nov. from the State of Nuevo Leon, are described. Taxonomical characteristics of Anicetus, the key to females of seven species of this genus present in the New World, and a synopsis of the American species with data on geographic distribution, hosts and biology, are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variety of meanings of the word 'instrument' produced during the XVI century--throughout the works of Bernardino de Sahagún in General History of the Things of New Spain and Francisco Hernández's Antiquities of New Spain--, such as implement utensil, resource to produce or transform things or objects, musical device, sensitive organ, was a key idea to interpret the Indian American reality and its sociocultural manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many questions to be answered concerning the life and work of the spanish dominican fray Gregorio García (¿1554-1633?). Some of these questions, related to the chronology of his travel in America, could be resolved, others are approached together with the study of the period in which he lived in Baeza. Another problem is the reason that the Origin of the Indians, just published in 1607, was reedited in Madrid in 1729 under the first Bourbon regime. Why did this reedition, attributed to Gonzalez de Barcia, appear enlarged by more than a third its original size? Why did the one responsible for the edition hide in anonymity and what did this work mean in the cultural context of the time? This article, inscribed in the studies of history of ideas and rationalities, strives to understand these facts and what they show of the changes and the mental persistence between the Austria and the Bourbon dynasties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New World's bestiaries belong to the Medieval category or me wonderful, which conquistadores, chroniclers, missionaries and travelers learned from Classical and Medieval authorities. This category was then transmitted through their chronicles, relations, travel narratives and accounts of expeditions. Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, Pedro Cieza de León and Pedro Ordóñez de Ceballos are presented in this article as well as their appreciations about the animals found in the new lands, some of which are creatures with wonderful qualities, healing powers, and a potential to be used for food or dress, just as others can be monsters, idols or diabolical misfits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]