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Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Establish variations of nutritional composition and the contents of nitrates and nitrites in the Kikuyo grass (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. Ex Chiov.) Morrone) from four veredas in the municipality of San Miguel de Sema: Peña Blanca, Sirigay, Sabaneca, and Quintoque, during dry and rainy seasons. Material and methods. Nutritional characterization parameters, were associated a two-way ANOVA, using Tukey's as a multiple comparison test. Results. The results revealed in dry matter a high average content of total protein (TP) (23.48% +/- 3.71), neutral detergent fiber (60.86% +/- 3.03), with important DM degradability values at different time points (62.97% +/- 3.74 after 48 Hours). The report indicated decreased values of lignin (4.25% +/- 0.5), non-structural carbohydrates (11.44% +/- 2.43) and of the ratio of non-structural carbohydrates: rumen degradable protein (NSC:RDP) of 0.84 +/- 0.16. The levels of nitrates reached an average of 2977 ppm +/- 2061, which differed significantly according to the seasons and veredas, for the dry season in the different veredas the level of nitrated remained at 4728 ppm, a value 3.9 higher in comparison to the rainy season. The levels of nitrites showed average contents of 2.97 pm of DM, contents highly decreased to be potentially toxic. Conclusions. These results allowed us to establish a difference in the protein:energy relation as the limiting factor for milk production. Nitrate levels indicated as potentially toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Different species of the Myristicaceae family have been used for medicinal, nutritional and industrial purposes, showing the importance and potential of the family in various fields. Medicinal use has been primordial for different indigenous communities and has been increasing as an alternative for the treatment of diseases, for which research is concentrating on herbal medicine and medicinal plants, being this the first step for the development and innovation of pharmaceuticals. Among the types of drugs, enzymatic inhibitors, which act by regulating metabolic processes or attacking pathogens, stand out. Objectives: To gather information on the herbalism of the Myristicaceae family including aspects of phytochemistry, ethnobotany, industrial uses, biological activity and to determine possible secondary metabolites that produce enzymatic inhibition and biological activity. Methodology: The search for information was carried out using scientific articles, specialized books and degree theses. Results and conclusions: Phenolic compounds of type: acylphenol, lignan, neolignan, flavonoid, alkenylphenol, tocotrienol and phenolic acid were found to produce enzymatic inhibition. Phenolic compounds identified in species of the Myristicaceae family are a promising source of metabolites that produce enzymatic inhibition. Lignan-type metabolites were the ones that presented the greatest number of enzymatic inhibition studies. The information analyzed can serve as a basis for the development of research on the structureactivity relationship and/or molecular coupling between secondary metabolites and inhibited enzymes, with species of the Myristicaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la linaza es una materia prima precursora de antioxidantes en vacas ya que estos se transmiten en la leche para consumo humano. Objetivo: comprender el metabolismo ruminal de las lignanas de la harina de linaza (HL) mediante metabolómica no dirigida. Métodos: se distribuyeron cuatro vacas Holstein con fístula ruminal distribuidas 2 animales en cada tratamiento: 1) con adición de HL en la dieta‚ y 2) sin adición de HL en la dieta. Se recolectó el líquido ruminal (LR) al día 25 se tomaron muestras a los 0‚ 5 y 24 horas‚ para posterior a análisis metabolómica no dirigida. Resultados: la mayor abundancia de entidades químicas se observó en las dietas con HL‚ totalizando 1.436. De estos‚ dos son de la clase lignanas (enterolactona y enterodiol)‚ dos son de la clase de ácidos carboxílicos y derivados‚ uno de la clase de alcaloides y uno de la clase de nucleósidos. Conclusiones: la inclusión de HL en las dietas para vacas seca sugiere que los metabolitos producidos a partir de HL por el microbiota ruminal son enterolactona y enterodiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a herb of the family Linaceae, and from flaxseed flour and oils are extracted. Since the seed components have shown bioactive potential (the α-linolenic acid, lignans and fiber) in recent decades there have been studies around the world with this oleaginous plant, using experimental animal models, in vitro tests and with humans. In this review, studies associated with flaxseed are described, specifically related to its effect on different pathologies, including cancer, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Although none of the studies showed that consumption of flaxseed or its components, was able to eradicate any type of cancer, in almost all the reports an improvement was observed in the groups that had consumed it in their diets with respect to those that did not receive it. Even though the inhibitory capacity of the components of flaxseed have been shown in in vitro tests, its scope is still unknown, and perhaps they could inhibit other cellular functions, gene expression, enzymes or proteins that play an important role in the proliferation of malignant cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería is the property of Avances en Ciencias e Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se desarrolló un experimento con el objetivo de caracterizar la composición monomérica de la lignina de Pennisetumpurpureum vc. CUBA CT - 115 y su variación con la edad de rebrote, según diseño de bloques al azar, con tres réplicas y cinco tratamientos (28, 56, 84,112 y 140 d de rebrote). Se constató que la incorporación de los monolignoles a la molécula de lignina del CUBA CT-115 ocurrió en orden de incremento de la complejidad de los mismos. Con la edad de rebrote, se incrementaron (P < 0.01) las concentraciones de todos los monómeros fenólicos. Los tenores de vainillina y siringilaldehido hasta los 84 d fueron mínimos y mostraron incremento drástico (P < 0.01) a los 140 d de rebrote, cuando se observó el mayor valor (4.567 y 0.913 mg mL-1 para vainillina y siringilaldehido, respectivamente). Se ajustó una ecuación de regresión múltiple entre la lignina, los monómeros fenólicos y la edad: lignina = 2.12 + 0.050 (±0.004) edad - 0.285 (±0.178) phidroxibenzaldehido -1.530 (±0.780) siringilaldehido + 0.359(±0.125) vainillina (R2=0.99, P< 0.001, error estándar de estimación = ±0.115). Hubo alta correlación entre la DIVMS y los componentes monoméricos de la lignina. Se estableció la mejor ecuación que explica el comportamiento de la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS): DIVMS =72.83 - 1.61 (±0.89) p hidroxibenzaldehido - 0.97 (±0.24) lignina (R2 = 0.90, P< 0.001, error de la estimación= ±0.88). Los resultados permiten establecer las bases para programas de mejoramiento genético o de manipulación biotecnológica dePennisetumpurpureum vc. CUBA CT-115, que permitan aprovechar al máximo su potencial como fuente de biomasa. Se sugiere realizar estudios similares con empleo de riego y fertilización. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The phytoestrogens are naturally occurring compounds that are part of many foods of plant origin and could therefore modulate aspects related hormones, such as type of antioxidant reactions, learning about intakes of these compounds in different populations clarify important aspects on their responses on the human body. Objective: To evaluate the exposure of phytoestrogens through diet, in a sample of women of all ages belonging to the university community (teachers, students and administrative), residents in the province of Granada, Spain. Material and method: 52 adult females, aged between 20 and 63 years completed a questionnaire individually Frequency of Food Consumption (FFQ) composed of a total of 144 foods. It weighted the total daily consumption of phytoestrogens standardizing these values referring to the daidzein as substance pattern (mg/day). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), with a level of significance of p < 0.05. Results: The results show that the total intake of phytoestrogens was (0.89 mg/day), and most of phytoestrogens was consumed in the form of lignanos. The total consumption of isoflavones, was 0.12 mg/day, of lignanos was 1.32 mg/day intake coumestrol was not significative. A linear regression analysis determined the equation to calculate intake phytoestrogens took into account 9 food groups (R: 0.918; p < 0.001). Discussion: Average intake of phytoestrogens in Spain, is comparable to intakes reported by similar studies in Germany, England and the United States (< 1 mg/ day). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the intake of phytoestrogens, when comparing results by age, educational level, marital status or physical activity. The intake of phytoestrogens (mg/day) can be estimated from the intake (g/day) from 9 food groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractionation of a non polar extract of the aerial parts of Amyris brenesii collected in Río Cuarto, Grecia, Costa Rica has resulted in the isolation of four new compounds, 6-hidroxy-6-O-(3-hidroxymethyl-3-methylalyl)-angelicin 1, 6-(N-acetyl-2-etanamin)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-cromen 2, the lignan 2,5-dehidrohinokinin 3 and N-acetyl-O-(geranyl)-tiramine 4. In addition, we isolated six previously known compounds: the lignans hinokinin 5 and Justicidin E 6, the coumarins scopoletin 7 and marmesin 8, 24-moretenoic acid 9, and the nitrogen compound O-(3,3-dimethylalyl)-halfordinol 10. All the separations were done with chromatographic techniques and the structures were elucidated by using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]