Search

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Objective: To determine the existence of disparities in access for diagnosis and treatment in women diagnosed with breast cancer in Colombia, and to describe the main associated risk factors. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted with the terms "Breast neoplasms" AND "Health disparities" OR "Health status disparities" OR "Socioeconomic factors" AND "Colombia", in the Pubmed databases (Medline), Scielo, Cochrane, EBSCO, Ovid, Elsevier, Lilacs, Imbiomed, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, published from January 1, 2000 back to October 31, 2019. Results: 14 publications were selected for the writing of the manuscript. It was identified that the socioeconomic level, the level of education and the type of insurance, in most of the studies, showed significant association to disparities in the disease. They also had variable effects on the risk of breast cancer and an impact in its early detection and treatment. These factors influence the full survival of the patient and their becoming disease-free. Conclusions: Health disparities of patients with breast cancer in Colombia are identified. Factors such as type of insurance, socioeconomic level, educational level were identified, which impact the delay in diagnosis and worsen the clinical condition and the quality of life of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Present the results of a pedagogical intervention to improve the quality-responsiveness in healthcare provided by health service providers in indigenous regions. Materials and methods. A didactic methodology with a critical-constructivist approach was designed aimed to health personnel who attend to the indigenous population in five entities of Mexico. Results. Between 09/2016 and 01/2020, 1 825 health workers were trained, who deconstructed the beliefs that determine practices of discrimination and abuse during the health care of indigenous users. The intervention achieved significant transformative learning of social beliefs and practices, with proposals to avoid any form of abuse and guarantee dignified treatment. Conclusions. For the construction of a universal and equitable health system, it is necessary to include interventions that act on the beliefs that determine discrimination and mistreatment practices in health services towards vulnerable social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersectionality approach emerged in the late 1990s in the field of black feminist activism in the USA, as a critique of one-dimensional analyses of social inequalities. This descriptive-analytical narrative review presents the current state of theoretical-methodological inclusion of intersectionality in public health. Seven scientific literature databases were consulted: Web of Science, Embase, Cinahl, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, Lilacs, and Medline, resulting in 1763 papers. After duplicates were eliminated and the titles and abstracts screened, 30 papers produced in five countries between 2006 and 2017 were selected. The analysis, structured into three central themes (theoreticalmethodological debates, social markers - gender, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation - and health policies and practices), shows intersectionality to be a promising analytical resource for understanding and facing the global challenge of inequalities in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals from different backgrounds, social groups, and countries enjoy different levels of health. This article defines and distinguishes between unavoidable health inequalities and unjust and preventable health inequities. We describe the dimensions along which health inequalities are commonly examined, including across the global population, between countries or states, and within geographies, by socially relevant groupings such as race/ethnicity, gender, education, caste, income, occupation, and more. Different theories attempt to explain group-level differences in health, including psychosocial, material deprivation, health behavior, environmental, and selection explanations. Concepts of relative versus absolute; dose response versus threshold; composition versus context; place versus space; the life course perspective on health; causal pathways to health; conditional health effects; and group-level versus individual differences are vital in understanding health inequalities. We close by reflecting on what conditions make health inequalities unjust, and to consider the merits of policies that prioritize the elimination of health disparities versus those that focus on raising the overall standard of health in a population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine the association between the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, according to self-report for the period 2000-2005 and some structural determinants in the municipalities of the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. An observational, descriptive and ecological study was conducted. The data were taken from the Census of Population (2005) conducted by the National Administrative Statistics Department (DANE). Variables related to social structural determinants were the quality of housing, sanitary infrastructure, the minimum level of human capital and access to health care services. Evidence statistically significant (p=1%, p=5%) of the association between these determinants and the prevalence of HIV in nine of 21 municipalities studied was found. The structural determination of HIV/AIDS deserves additional analysis that should be conducted from the perspective of economic and social rights of people affected by the virus, all in guaranteeing the right to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the preparedness of cosmetologists in disseminating information on skin cancer prevention in Texas. The study intends to determine the effectiveness of the Talkin' About Better Skin (TABS) training to develop the cosmetologist's knowledge on skin cancer prevention and early detection program. The study proves the credibility of cosmetologist to reduce health disparities through the evidence-based health programming.