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Pet poisoning in veterinary medicine occurs relatively often, although it represents a small percentage of the wide variety of pathological entities the general practitioner faces in daily practice (bacterial, parasitic, metabolic, traumatic, surgical). In turn, within toxic etiologies, those produced by heavy metals are rarely reported today (in order of importance, poisonings produced by warfarin rodenticides, pesticides, human use medications, toxins, garbage, veterinary use medications, toxic plants and foods are described). This report describes two cases of patients that suffered lead poisoning, presenting practically all the clinical signs historically reported by available literature. Despite being a scarcely frequent entity due to the heavy metal's low availability, we consider that having knowledge about the systems that are affected by such exposure, both chronically and acutely, is very important, irrespective of whether they are chronic or acute, since there are alterations that are lethal, and which when recognized in time, enable making a definite biochemistry diagnosis and establishing a specific healing treatment. But the potential sequels that such poisoning can leave, as well as its specific treatment must not be overlooked. To such end, the need to have veterinarian toxicological laboratories and suitable advising lines in place is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Galicia Clínica is the property of Sociedad Gallega de Medicina Interna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mendive - Revista de Educacion is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mendive - Revista de Educacion is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report two clinical cases assessed in our minor ailment service presenting with symptoms suggestive of common digestive disorders. Both patients were treated with narrow therapeutic index drugs (lithium carbonate and digoxin, respectively). In both cases, medication analysis revealed that referred symptoms might be elicited by these drugs: abdominal discomfort is a frequent adverse reaction in long term treatments with lithium carbonate while in the case of digoxin symptomatology was found to be accompanied by bradycardia. Thus, we propose two different pharmaceutical interventions, one being an urgent general practitioner referral. Pharmacotherapy assessment during minor ailment service, focused on narrow therapeutic index drugs, is a key point in discriminating minor ailments from potential life-threatening situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A provincial general practitioner consults an ophthalmologist for a visual problem that afflicts him and is affecting his day-to-day performance. He requests a consultation to be paid by the prepaid medicine system to which he is affiliated to. Despite identifying himself as a doctor, he does not get an appointment with a good opportunity, and when attending it, he finds that, despite being a colleague of the ophthalmologist, he must pay the required co-payment in addition. When he asked if, as a colleague of the treating physician, he is not exempt from paying co-payments, they answered that this exemption from charging colleagues for medical services was abolished with the advent and development of the social health security system that the country adopted a few decades ago. The doctor patient pays the required co-payment with discomfort and, when he returns to his hospital, complains about the lack of collegiality from his treating doctor. He decides to refer his case to a medical ethics committee in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a debilitating, degenerative and multifaceted clinical condition with a high prevalence worldwide. Given the complexity of its pathophysiology and the various therapeutic options that exist, this disease presents a challenge for the general practitioner, it is imperative to understand this pathology to improve its resolution in primary care. After an exhaustive bibliographic search of 103 studies published up to 2010, the most important aspects of both the physiology, pathophysiology, complications, and therapeutics of this pathology were identified. Insulin resistance (IR) is a central metabolic condition in the etiopathogenesis of this pathology. Classically it is possible to recognize both the loss of the peripheral action of insulin by the different tissues as well as defects in the secretion of insulin that leads to constant hyperglycemic states associated with both acute and chronic complications characterized by causing dysfunction and failure in different organs. It is generally known that an important part of the results in the management of this pathology are achieved with changes in lifestyle that range from modifications in diet to changes in the pattern of physical activity with loss of body weight. However, there also is a wide range of pharmacological therapies aimed at controlling hyperglycemic states in the event of the failure of non-pharmacological therapy. Within this same context, there are several therapeutic targets and objectives in the treatment of type 2 diabetics, however, they all converge in the metabolic control of hyperglycemic states and the prevention of their complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. There is little evidence supporting the usefulness of mobile applications in senior care. GeriatriApp is an application created for Android devices to assist health professionals in performing the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). It integrates functional, nutritional, cognitive, emotional, pharmacological, frailty, and sarcopenia assessment. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the perceived usefulness of the App by its users when performing the CGA, as well as its effect on decision-making and to evaluate possible differences among healthcare personnel. Methodology. This survey-type descriptive cross-sectional study surveys GeriatriApp users, considering aspects like demographics, education, and the App's perceived usability. Results. A total of 228 surveys were analyzed, of which 29% involved specialist physicians, 18% general practitioners, 17% medical students, and 12% resident physicians. The age group with the highest frequency of App use was between 20 and 30 years old (39%). The main professional practice setting was the hospital (40.1%), followed by primary care (31.6%). Sixty-three percent of the surveyed used the App between 1 and 5 times per week. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the frequency of use according to age (p = 0.631) or education level (p = 0.749). For 98% of the respondents, the App facilitated professional clinical practice and decision making, and, for 99%, it allowed identifying problems in the seniors in less time. Discussion. The application studied has an international scope, demonstrating this technology's potential. The largest number of users were under 30, possibly because of their greater interaction and experience with mobile technology. No differences were found in the frequency of use according to age, an unexpected finding regarding other studies. The application's favorable perception seems to rely on the fact that it is free of charge, the tool's usability, and its user-friendly interface. Conclusions. GeriatriApp has a favorable perception of usefulness among health personnel, allows a geriatric assessment in a shorter period, and facilitates care and decision-making regarding seniors. The results suggest its usefulness in hospital settings, primary care, rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most recent in history, characterized by high implications in terms of mortality, physical and psychological morbidity. This research aimed to identify thoughts, perceptions, feelings, subjectivities, and actions concerning medical performance and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to estimate its association with probable Generalized Anxiety Disorders [GAD]. A cross-sectional study was carried out among general practitioners in the Colombian Caribbean, using electronic invitation and participation to fill out a form containing sociodemographic characteristics and 41 questions about thoughts, feelings, perceptions, subjectivities, or actions related to COVID-19, taken from brainstorming on pandemics and mental health. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale [GAD-7] was applied to identify probable GAD. Unadjusted logistic regression was performed. A total of 294 general practitioners participated, 59.6% female, 83% of whom worked in departmental capitals. 38.4% had probable GAD and more than half expressed fear of COVID-19. Symptoms associated with the presence of GAD included stress, nervousness, fear, fatigue, viral symptoms, discomfort with the pandemic, job disappointment, and perception of discrimination. A lower presence of GAD was associated with the feeling of protection by their employers, perception of sufficient government measures, and trust in the information of the authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the training of General Practitioners requires the ability preparation to comprehensively treat pain through the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic alternatives, for the care of patients with pain. Objective: to validate a system of teaching tasks for the ability formation to comprehensively treat pain in the General Practitioner. Methods: the expert criterion, the Delphi method to validate the system and the Kendall W. was used to obtain the agreement of the experts consensus on the teaching task system. Interviews and observation of the students were carried out to obtain the trends that express their criteria on the use of different types of tasks, to form the ability to treat pain comprehensively. Results: the teaching task system was validated by highly adequate experts. It was applied in the sixth year of the medical career, during the teaching, healthcare and research practice. The students demonstrated performance in ability actions and operations to comprehensively treat pain. Conclusions: the applied task system was a formative alternative with integration of academic, work and research activity in the ability formation to comprehensively treat pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reflections recorded in this article consider the way in which the general practitioner can interpret and apply the rule referring to the patient’s right to know the truth based on their assimilation and understanding schemes, closely related to the philosophy implicit in the theoretical model of contemporary medicine. The need is considered that the rule that prescribes the “right of the patient to know the truth” be adapted to the degree of helplessness of each case, in order not to make this right an obligation that contradicts the bioethical principle of responsibility that it indicates the personalistic bioethical current. Reference is made to “doctor’s phobia” -iatrophobia- as an expression of specific psychic damage resulting from inappropriate application of “truthfulness.” In order to a practice that has ceased to be “assistance” (derived from the Latin “assistere”: to be next to) to become strictly therapeutic, reference is made to the challenge of coping outside the iron positivist matrices in which the medical model is installed, pointing out the obstacles that the Bioethics Committees must surely overcome when it comes to urging responsible compliance with the truth rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus is no exception. This study's objective is to identify symptoms of work-related stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in physicians, as well as to discover their relation with the territorial body in which they work. Methodology: This is a cross-cutting study that explored the symptoms and perceptions of Colombian physicians forced to quarantine, who exercised their profession in March, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having provided informed consent anonymously and voluntarily, participants completed a virtual form with general questions on COVID-19. The survey was aimed at finding psychosomatic problems using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scale. Participants were classified as working in non-capital or capital municipalities according to the territorial body in which they practiced. Logistic regression between the territorial body (which was taken as an independent variable here) and symptoms of anxiety, work-related stress and fear of COVID-19 (which, in this case, were taken as dependent variables) was performed. Results: Five hundred and thirty-one general physicians participated, with an average age of 30. Seventythree point three percent practiced in a capital municipality. One third of the surveyed physicians presented mild work-related stress, while 6% presented high or severe work-related stress, without differences between groups (p < 0.05). Symptoms of anxiety were found in 72.9% of the surveyed physicians, more frequently among those who practiced in capitals (p = 0.044). Thirty-seven point one percent presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No relation was observed in the logistic regression. Discussion: Psychosocial and psychosomatic factors associated with fear are the common denominators of symptoms of anxiety and work-related stress during pandemics. Conclusion: Seven of every ten participants presented symptoms of anxiety or work-related stress, while four presented symptoms of FCV-19S. No relation was observed with the municipalities in which they worked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Older people have the highest suicide rates in the world. In turn, they have the lowest rates of suicide attempts. Many studies have found greater health contact, especially with general practitioner, prior to suicidal behaviour in this age group. Less information is availbale about prior contact with other health services. Objective. The objective of the study is to know the characteristics of contact with all levels of health services, prior to a suicide attempt in people over 65 years of age in a defined population. Material and methods. Along the period January 2015 to December 2017, all persons over 65 years of age admitted by suicide attempt to emergency room in the health area of Santiago de Compostela were interviewed. The interview included a psychiatric evaluation and the collrection of relevant clinical and sociodemographic variables, in particular, data on prior contact with health services. Results. 80 suicide attempts were recorded, which represents an incidence of 35.3 / 100,000. The average age of our sample was 74.85 ± 7 years, the ratio between male: female was 2: 3. 61.3% had visited their general practitioner the month prior to the attempt, 72.5% had visited a health centre. On the other hand, 41.3% were not under the follow up of Mental Health services. Conclusions. The facts hat two out of three people over 65 years who commit suicide attempt in our area visit their general practitioner the previous month and 90% visit a health service along the previous three months, raise the question of wheter preventive measures of suicide could take place beyond the scope of Primary Care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A limited coordination in the health care hinders the provision of a comprehensive, efficient, and good-quality health care. This study aims to explore how the health professionals perceive the coordination between the health care levels and the factors influencing it. A qualitative study was carried out based on a content analysis including 54 semi-structured interviews and 11 focus groups with people from two health care networks in Xalapa and Veracruz, Mexico. The respondents reported difficulties in the follow-up to patients, discrepancies regarding the benchmark criteria, barriers in the access to specialized health care, poor quality in the reference formats, a poor reception of counter-reference formats, and difficulties for the follow-up of the reference circuits. These problems were attributed to the resource insufficiency, a limited coverage by the Social Security System, work overload, poor supervision, poorly educated general practitioners, and a limited communication between the health professionals. These results agree with other studies conducted in this region. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the mechanisms based on the normalization, and also to introduce strategies based on the mutual adaptation and modify the characteristics of the organizational structure and culture that in order to manage to coordinate an effective health care and contribute to the network integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To review the concepts underlying breech presentation delivery as well as the semiology and the obstetric maneuvers contributing to a successful perinatal maternal outcome. Materials and methods: Based on a hypothetical scenario to set the stage for a practical approach to the topic, an explanatory paper built on a narrative review is created in order to examine the principles related to diagnosis, mechanism of delivery and maternal care, emphasizing maneuvers to ease fetal extraction. Results: Breech presentation delivery must be managed through the vaginal canal when already in the expulsion phase with fetal engagement. For diagnosis and care, it is essential to know the unique semiology and physiology of this condition as well as the obstetric maneuvers to facilitate an uncomplicated delivery. Conclusions: The mechanism of childbirth in breech presentation is complex and requires knowledge of its physiology and multiple obstetric maneuvers on the part of the obstetrician as well as the general practitioner, in order to ensure adequate care when there is no other option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the prescription of lorazepam in the social insurance fund of Costa Rica. Method: the study is descriptive and retrospective, from January 2011 to December 2015. The investigation consisted of 339,484 lorazepam prescriptions. The statistical treatment of the data was focused on the descriptive statistics of the five units generated from the variables, which were analyzed by the R program. Results: exponential increase in lorazepam prescription was observed during the investigated period. Lorazepam has been mainly indicated for adults over 60 years old. For all population groups prescriptions above the defined daily dose were found. The prescriptions were performed mainly by general practitioners and in rural areas. Conclusion: In view of this scenario, there is a need to review the prescription, dispensing and follow-up strategies for users of this medication, in order to avoid adverse effects and harm to clientele's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burnout syndrome is increasingly common among healthcare professionals and its symptoms include emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, affecting their work, performance and quality of service provided. This study aims to conduct a systematic-exploratory review of burnout syndrome in doctors for the last seven years (2012- 2018) in Latin America. For this purpose, six databases were accessed (Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Medline and EBSCO) using the following inclusion criteria: Articles published in Spanish, English or Portuguese; residents, specialists or general practitioners; indexed journals; cross-sectional or correlational descriptive studies; population over 70 doctors; and use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) as a standardized method. The collection instrument employed was the literature review matrix. Fifty-two articles were selected, 23 of which met the requirements (Annex A: General practitioners, Annex B: Residents; Annex C: Specialists; and Annex D: Unspecified doctors). The country with more studies was Mexico, followed by Brazil and Colombia. Males predominated, since there is a general prevalence of burnout in this gender with results by MBI-HSS dimension at high, medium or low levels. For the study, only significant results in any of its three dimensions are highlighted. In the selected articles it was found that there is high prevalence (45.88 %) in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low prevalence in personal accomplishment in residents. This phenomenon was observed mostly in males, and was correlated with the most significant variables, such as being a second- or third-year resident, being a foreigner, and being a surgical resident. Similarly, the findings show how vulnerable doctors are to burnout syndrome. Therefore, this topic requires further research to address its prevalence and correlation with variables, inquire into the validity of the MBI-HSS in our work context, and encourage the creation of a guidebook that helps prevent and cope with the syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The medical profession in Mexico is going through difficult times, facing transcendental challenges for its future as a profession and for the health system as a whole. A complete model of medical care requires both general practitioners and specialists. The need to boost and revalue the general practitioner is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are multiple surgical techniques and procedures in the day to day clinical practice that every general practitioner should know how to do and handle in an emergency situation that requires immediate resolution. Failure to act in an emergent situation, either due to inexperience or ignorance, can put a patient's life at risk. Between these procedures there are sutures (and its variations), paracentesis, appendectomy (open and laparoscopic), lumbar puncture and cesarean delivery. That is why this medical education article was developed using an explicative method of the main surgical techniques in a summarized and concise way, based on the available literature, in order to serve as a pocket guide and quick review for students, interns and doctors who must face a surgical procedure that cannot be deferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underestimation of dermatology based on ignorance and its impact on patient's health With the emergence of medical specialties in different areas of medicine, assessment of patients became narrow and specialized. There is also the perception that some specialties are more difficult than others. Dermatology has long been seen by most physicians non dermatologists as a relaxed area, without real emergencies or requirement of great intellectual effort. Some specialists, erroneously think that everything can be cured with topical steroids and/or antifungal creams. Although several skin diseases are common complains seen by the general practicioner, very few time and credits are granted to cover these diseases during the years of undergraduate training. Thus, the primary care physicians and others medical specialists believe that skin diseases are not life threatening and hence irrelevant. Nonetheless, they feel competent enough to prescribe a variety of treatments for skin diseases that may lead to iatrogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentation made at the first National Conference on Health Communication (Madrid, November 2013) in which it is presented to the Group-Program Communication and Health of the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine. It describes the need that gives rise to the creation of the Communication Group and Health, what their mission, vision and values, what are their strategic lines and how your organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary care physician needs to be highly qualified in making medical decisions. In making these decisions, he uses all scientific available evidence in an efficient and methodic process, which is called clinical decision-making in primary care. During this process, the uncertainty arises around the probability that a patient has a particular disease ranging from 0 to 1. According to the range of uncertainty in which we found ourselves, we can take three possible paths: treat the patient, study the patient further, or do nothing. There are three models in clinical decision-making; the most important one is the hypothetical-deductive model. Finally, we conclude that physicians not necessarily have to reach a diagnosis, but they must reach a high enough level of certainty to act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study man is object of several sciences, among which there are: Medicine, Anthropology, Psychology and Pedagogy, from different perspectives of epistemological, analysis, but to understand the human being as a complex and multidimensional unit a holistic vision is required. So that an interdisciplinary approach is required for the integration of Medicine with Anthropology, as the last one offers the scientific knowledge on man in the biological, psychological, social and cultural dimensions to achieve, in the health-illness process, the understanding and solution of the health problems in the individual, the family and the community, with a holistic approach. For such reasons it is necessary to go deep into the anthropological contents which contribute to the scientific and humanist training of the doctor. The above-mentioned statement justifies the necessity to improve the professional training of the general practitioner to have a holistic vision of the human being and to achieve a comprehensive medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Médica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The National Exam of Medical Residencies (ENARM) in Mexico is the instrument by which general practitioners are selected for a medical specialty. It is a knowledge test with a multiple-choice questions format, covering basic sciences, clinical sciences and public health. From the first year of its implementation, the exam has evolved, but its structure and clarity has been questioned very often. Besides not all applicants have the same opportunity of being selected perhaps because of, among many others, the distribution of medical schools is not equitable, the disparity of medical education, only 65% of the institutions are accredited, there is little professionalization of teachers, the use of old teaching techniques and the oversubscribed specialties. Thus general practitioners come to this exam with many educational deficiencies that do not allow them to have an easy access to a specialty. Despite the above, it is increasingly notorious the lack of specialists in the medical environment. Many training deficiencies must be corrected, to consider the ENARM as a proper exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)