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With the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico experienced a rapid expansion in highly industrialized food and beverage products. This has transformed supply and distribution structures and led to changes in dietary patterns. The objective of this paper is to explain how these transformations led to the configuration of a hybrid distribution and consumption scheme that affected the expenditure, frequency and quantities of ultra-processed and fast foods consumed in Mexican households during the period 2000-2020. This hybrid model is associated with an increase in diseases such as obesity and chronic degenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the different elements of the arguments received during the public consultation of the Modification Project to the Official Mexican Standard-051 (NOM-051), emphasizing the protection of children and adolescents. Materials and methods. The information provided in 1 095 arguments was analyzed. Key actors were identified, and a content analysis was carried out to identify if the position was in favor or against the numerals related to the protection of children and adolescents. The analysis was done using NVivo software. Results. 781 key players were identified. During the public consultation, four private sector tactics were identified to interfere in the NOM-051 process: a) front groups that sent comments against NOM-051; b) questions about the scientific evidence on the relationship between consumption of sweeteners and obesity in schoolchildren; c) questions about the effectiveness of the use of warning labeling for sweeteners; d) comments about individual responsibility individuals responsible for their disease. Conclusion. The interference of the private sector in the NOM-051 implementation process was evident in the comments submitted during the public consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to propose guidelines to carry out an international business plan for a company in the agri-food sector that wishes to internationalize its products to the Hubei market, China. For the above, a theoretical framework was created on the fundamental aspects of a business plan and background information was provided by a Chilean company in the agri-food sector in 2023. This study is part of an Innovation Fund for Competitiveness project (FIC) and as a result, the steps and guidelines that must be considered by a company that decides to internationalize to the Chinese market are presented schematically, concluding that these steps should be considered by Chilean firms that decide to enter the market of Hubei, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this text is to identify the contributions of suppliers of the Ahimsa Agroecological Fair Trade Market (AAFTM) in Toluca, Mexico, for the scalability of food sovereignty (FS) based on intangible issues and agroecological and fair-trade practices. For this, a Methodology was used with a qualitative approach was used through a semi-structured interview with eight AAFTM suppliers during the months of November 2021 to March 2022. Among the results is that the FS has expansion potential in the integration of intangible issues with agroecological and fair-trade practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ever-growing awareness of environmental problems has led to the implementing of ecological alternatives in industrial production. Cellulases and hemicellulases are the most widely used enzymes in industry, guaranteeing the efficiency of production, with a reduction in chemicals that pollute the environment. Aim. To select Bacillus spp. strains that produce cellulases, β-mannanases, and xylanases for use in animal feed. Materials and methods: Overall, ten strains were studied in plates with minimum medium supplemented with Beech Xylan, locust vean gum, and carboxymethylcellulose for the production of xylanases, β-mannanases, and endo cellulases, respectively. The plates were incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours and were coated with 0.5% Congo red solution. The diameter of the hydrolysis area, and that of the colony, were determined to calculate the potency index. Results: All the strains showed the capacity to produce the studied enzymes. As a result, 23.3% of enzymatic activity was considered good. Bacillus subtilis E-44 was the strain with the best enzymatic activity on the three evaluated substrates (3.01 ± 1.18; 3.82 ± 0.31, and 4.22 ± 0.23) for cellulases, β-mannanases, and xylanases, respectively. Conclusions: Bacillus subtilis E-44 was selected as the best cellulase and hemicellulase-producing strain, increasing their possibilities in animal nutrition and the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food processing is modifying, transforming, and manufacturing a raw material to generate various by-products demanded by consumers. The review presented has the purpose of analyzing the main development trends in the food industry, considering the challenges of the recent pandemic and the phenomenon of globalization. In this context, the dimensions in which significant development is evident are highlighted based on the documentary research carried out in the central governing bodies worldwide in the area and the Science Direct, Scielo, Dialnet, and Elsevier databases. It is concluded that there is relevance in the approach towards an environmental ethic through the intelligent technological development of this productive sector, the exploitation of new by-products, the preservation of high-quality nutrients, the high-quality of new packaging and use of waste, and contemporary marketing practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tool was developed to assess vulnerability to food fraud in plants that manufacture and process animal products for human consumption. It was decided to name the generated instrument EVUFA (Food Fraud Vulnerability Assessment). The questionnaire was submitted to a validation process by 15 professionals from the food industry, using a 3 variable Likert scale. To validate the EVUFA, content validity was performed using the modified Lawshe method, discarding 6 questions that did not exceed the minimum value. In addition, the measurement of reliability using the Cronbach's alpha statistic was 0,93. A case study was carried out applying the EVUFA in 2 food processing plants, which obtained a score of 60,5 and 51, respectively. Consequently, they were rated with a moderate vulnerability to food fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Existing regulations requiring food establishments to label on the presence of mandatory declaration allergen fail to prevent accidental adverse reactions from occurring in susceptible consumers. Therefore, this paper reviews the existing European legislation on allergens and analyses the reasons why health alerts for undeclared allergens continue to occur, proposing possible solutions to solve this problem. Method: Documentary research was carried out in five stages. For this purpose, literature published up to November 2022 was collected. Results: Regulation 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers sets out the labelling rules applicable to allergens contained in products. In its article 36, one of the voluntary food information to be included is the possible unintended presence in the food of substances or products causing allergies or intolerances, also known as precautionary allergen labelling (PAL). Confusion surrounding the use of PAL, the complex structure of the food chain and, in some cases, poorly trained staff all can increase the risk of placing unsafe products on the market within the reach of susceptible people. Conclusions: It is considered appropriate to intensify the training of workers in all food establishments the PAL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two years after the beginning of the pandemic caused by the Sars-Cov-2 virus, research on the pathogenesis of its infection has advanced considerably, certain general factors, such as comorbidities, have been highlighted, and causal factors specific to the urban setting have been identified. The aim of this article is to provide qualitative and quantitative elements that indicate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (upfs) poor in micronutrients and the pathogenesis of Sars-Cov-2 infection in Mexico City (cdmx), in an investigation of the causes of this problem. A qualitative methodology was followed, based on documentary search and content analysis. The results showed that the high consumption of upfs in cdmx is problematic, as these foods contain few of the micronutrients essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and to cope with diseases such as covid-19. Although the existing data to date do not allow us to establish a direct causality between covid-19 and consumption of upfs in the cdmx, they do indicate latent dangers, which merit investigating their effects and rethinking public and health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GHI can be successful if GHI produces useful material that indeed reduce food safety incidents and improve food security. GHI does this without any influence of industries or governments: GHI is impartial, with 1400 scientists. No government is going to change regulations because of GHI. GHI must show that changes in regulations may be good. With about 20 working groups, GHI attempts to show how food safety and security can be improved by effectively addressing actual serious problems. Examples are: • A proposal for a legal requirement for food companies to employ a certified food safety professional (CP), without one the company cannot operate. The CP cannot be dismissed. • Cassava, kills 100,000's because often prepared in the wrong way. GHI develops a training programme for people who cannot read. • GHI developed an anonymous whistleblowing webpage, in 40 languages. Even GHI cannot find out who reported a food safety incident. GHI alerts local food safety authorities of real and serious incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of understanding about proper food manufacturing, transport, storage, and marketing methods has resulted in a high level of contamination with pathogenic bacteria that cause gastrointestinal disorders and induce drug resistance, which is a serious issue for the food sector. Due to their popularity as a fruit in the province of Imbabura, Ecuador, this issue has sparked a lot of interest in evaluating the quality and microbiological safety of strawberries and cape gooseberries at different ripening stages. According to bacteriological analyses, the microbiota of strawberries was dominated by Escherichia coli (1.61 x 10³ CFU/g) at ripeness stages 4 (three-quarters of the fruit has turned red) and 6 (red colour, they feel slightly soft when squeezed, ready to eat), while the microbiota of gooseberries was predominated by Enterobacter spp. (1.11 x 10² CFU/g) at ripe stage 6 (intense yellow, ready to eat). The differences in the physiochemical characteristics (pH, total solids, acidity) at the time of harvest results in a difference in some pathogenic bacteria's adaptation. The selected clones per each ripe stage showed multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR). The calculated MAR index varies from 0.17 to 1.00 and was ripe stage-, and fruit dependent. The most resistant clones were E. coli for strawberries and Enterobacter spp. for gooseberries. Thus, it is crucial to set up efficient control measures and develop coordinated strategies to guarantee the microbiological quality of these foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Criterio Libre is the property of Revista Criterio Libre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualización en Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This work postulates that the human right to food has been doubly threatened, both by the expansion of the industrialized food model and by emergency food assistance mechanisms. Methodology: From a complexity approach, an attempt is made to make a theoretical contribution to the development of the concept of food adequacy as an element of the human right to adequate food. Results: The effective realization of the human right to adequate food in all its complexity and levels calls for comprehensive and long-term policies aimed at reviewing both the industrializing dynamics of the food trade and the short-term dynamics of food assistance. Limitations: The study focuses on the political mechanisms for the realization of the human right to food in Argentina. Conclusions: The necessary transition in this review involves the recovery of local agri-food systems based on both socially and ecologically responsible food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the productive chain of mango in the eastern zone of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Methodology: Exploratory and descriptive in nature with a mixed approach. Through a documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with producers, as well as producer organizations, packinghouse administrators and the representatives of municipal governments in the area. Results: Four links are identified in the mango production chain: primary production, storage-packaging, processing, and commercialization. In the first, an increase in cultivated land with inputs acquired mainly in the area. Second, a competitive position of the packers with international market is observed. Third, a still incipient processing industry is presented, with a single fruit dehydration company. Fourth, a growing national and international market is notable. Limitations: The study began a few weeks after the end of the harvest period, which prevented observing the economic dynamics that were generated in the area. Conclusions: In the eastern area of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, small producers are required to have greater ownership of the production chain with the intention of achieving fairer income. At the same time, it is necessary to encourage the transformation of the mango, both industrially and by hand in the different links of the production chain. Finally, within the production area, the elements of the production chain that are still outside geographically must be integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing use of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and its derivatives in the food industry makes it necessary to know the amount of cyanide that this vegetable can contribute to shaped foods. Cassava flour and starch of the CENSA 64-7329 variety, suitable for human consumption, were prepared. In fresh cassava, flour and starch, the moisture content was determined to know the amount of water that is eliminated after processing, in which cyanide can be leached. The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method and allowed choosing the cyanide quantification method without the interference of other nitrogenous compounds. Cyanide quantification was performed by two procedures: alkaline titration method with AgNO3 and the spectrophotometric method using ninhydrin as color developer. The amount of cyanide detected by both methods is below the limits established by the FAO-WHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transgenic-transnational agribusiness food system is critically estudied. This system brings with it the plundering of common goods, growing socioenvironmental conflicts, and is increasingly responsible for the negative effects on the health of the population and the environment. It aims to understand the plots of this system from its territorial-environmental impact in Cordoba, Argentina. The analysis is based on the act of listening to the different struggling subjects, from the Participatory Action, weaving networks of local resistance, and contributing to understanding the food and territorial reality. In citizens' assemblies, food producers-producers and food organizations --as purchase and consumption networks--, sought to make visible strategies that, from agroecology, seek to deterritorialize the transgenic agribusiness food system. We present the advances and new challenges in terms of banning fumigations, judicialization of struggles, growth of short agroecological food trade circuits and the multiple territorialities of grassroots organizations that, from the Córdoba sierras, contribute to the construction of regional agroecological nutritional food systems, those that continue to be woven collectively to heal with the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food policies in Argentina have gained prominence in social policies agenda in Argentina since 1983. THe persistant problem of hunger affects the technicians and professionals who have managed and implemented food policies. The way people perceive and feel the social world regulates management practices. In order to design and implement food programs in Argentina, it is necessary to investigate people's perception of the world. This contributes to understand the connection between social policies and structures. This paper aims to identify emotions of technicians and professionals associated with the design, management and implementation of food policies. This is a qualitative study with an in-depth interviews to technicians and professionals who have managed and implemented food policies in General Pueyrredon between 1983-2020. The main results show emotions such as frustration, anger and resignation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to develop a formulation of a non-alcoholic cola cocktail concentrate with lemon-lime, of good acceptability, which allows its production on an industrial scale. For this purpose, a cola concentrate elaborated in the Food Industry Research Institute was taken, which could serve as a base for the preparation of the cocktail concentrate. With the application of affective tests with a seven-point hedonic scale and the just-about-right (JAR) scale the optimal content of an alcoholic essence of lemon-lime in the cola concentrate (0.7 g/100 g of cola concentrate) was determined. The penalty analysis, which combines the affective test with the JAR scale to identify the optimal intensity of each sensory attribute, indicates that the parameter that had the greatest weight in product acceptance was the lemon-lime essence content, compared to cola and sweet attributes. The cocktail concentrate produced with the optimized lemon-lime essence content had 54.6 °Brix, 0.43% acidity, mold and yeast count less than 102 CFU/mL and an acceptance of 6.4 on a scale of seven points, resulting in a high acceptability rate of 91.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to develop a formulation of nonalcoholic cocktail concentrate of lemon with mint, of good acceptability, which allows its production on an industrial scale. The lemon concentrate produced by the Research Institute for the Food Industry was taken, which could serve as the basis for the preparation of the cocktail concentrate. With the application of affective tests based on the traditional seven-point hedonic scale and the ideal point scale, known in English as the just-about-right (JAR) scale, the optimal content of an ethanolic solution at 1% m/m in the lemon concentrate (0.8 g/100 g of lemon concentrate). The analysis of penalties, which combines the affective test with the JAR scale to identify the optimal intensity of each sensory attribute, indicates that the parameter that had the greatest weight in the acceptance of the product was the content of essential oil solution, compared to the notes of lemon and sweet. The cocktail concentrate produced with the optimized content of essential oil solution showed 48.2 °Brix, acidity of 0.96%, mold and yeast concentrate less than 102 CFU/mL and an acceptance of 6.3 on a scale of seven points, resulting in a high acceptability rate of 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chromatography permits chemical components' separation, identification, and quantification in complex mixtures. Chromatographic methods have various applications, which include the determination of an agrochemical solvent percentage and its utilization in the food-processing industry. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) are essential for agriculture. Both types are used in numerous research studies today thanks to their versatility, sensitivity, reproducibility, and quickness. Aim: To discuss the main results of studies that include GC and HPLC in agriculture. Materials and methods: The study relied on a compilation of recent papers, where these techniques play a critical role in this area of science. Results: The utilization of GC and HPLC in agriculture contributed to relevant results, from the analysis of fatty acids profile in the formulation of a diet for animal nutrition, to the determination and quantification of agrochemical residues in plants, the detection of contaminants in the diets, and drug residues that compromise the lives of animals. Conclusions: The use of chromatography is an essential methodology for biochemical, toxicological, structural, and agro-industrial studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diaeta is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Dietistas & Nutricionistas Dietistas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Fusel oil is a residue from the ethanol rectification process, composed of different light alcohols where isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol predominate. Objective: To carry out a literature review that allows us to know the main uses of fusel oil at present. Materials and Methods: Works carried out by different authors are consulted to identify the advantages of the use of fusel oil as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines, for steam generation and for obtaining esters. Results and Discussion: Fusel oil as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines reduces the density, calorific value and cetane number of the modified fuels. The blends of fusel oil and diesel in these engines increase the presence of hydrocarbons up to 40 % and reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in gas emissions. Its use as fuel in steam generators in distilleries allows a fuel oil saving of 2.12 % in relation to the total required in the process of obtaining alcohol. In the esterification from isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol, molar yields of 57.48 % and 54.04 % are achieved for isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate respectively, esters that are demanded in the food industry. Conclusions: Fusel oil has wide industrial utilities by employing it as fuel and as a source of raw material for obtaining high value-added products such as esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Collagen has been obtained mainly from bovine and porcine species for use in the food, cosmetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, several conditions have caused that, in recent years, these productions have started to be developed from marine species. Objective: To present an updated overview of the status of collagen isolation from fish byproducts. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was done based on results published up to the year 2020. Results and Discussion: Due to the high demand for collagen, there is an urgent need to find sustainable and cheaper sources for its production. Marine biomass is becoming a more attractive source of collagen. There are different methods of isolation of this product of which enzymatic hydrolysis is the most promising. Its applications are varied and new fields of use in various industries, as well as in medicine and biotechnology, are becoming known. Conclusions: The wide variety of applications of collagen and its important roles in the future of tissue engineering make it a key biopolymer for human health and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing use of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and its derivatives in the food industry makes it necessary to know the amount of cyanide that this vegetable can contribute to shaped foods. Cassava flour and starch of the CENSA 64-7329 variety, suitable for human consumption, were prepared. In fresh cassava, flour and starch, the moisture content was determined to know the amount of water that is eliminated after processing, in which cyanide can be leached. The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method and allowed choosing the cyanide quantification method without the interference of other nitrogenous compounds. Cyanide quantification was performed by two procedures: alkaline titration method with AgNO3 and the spectrophotometric method using ninhydrin as color developer. The amount of cyanide detected by both methods is below the limits established by the FAO-WHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Urban horticultural fairs are important places for the food sovereignty (FS) of a city. The richness of ethnospecies and commercialized local foods reflect its dynamism. The utilitarian versatility (UV) represented by the different culinary preparations constitutes an important aspect of the FS. The richness of ethnospecies, local foods and plant parts traded at the Bariloche Farmers' Fair was surveyed and characterized. The predictions propose that the greatest richness of ethnospecies are of exotic origin, and that the greater the UV (in local foods), the greater the cultural importance of the ethnospecies. M&M: A checklist-type ethnobotanical monitoring of all ethnospecies and local foods traded in the 2019 season was carried out. It was complemented with a photographic record and free listings. The UV of each crop was estimated, and the relationship between the use consensus (UC) and the UV of the ethnospecies offered by GLM was analyzed. Results: A total of 186 ethnospecies and 315 local foods were recorded. The most agreed ethnospecies were Petroselinum crispum (65%), Beta vulgaris var. cicla (55%), Rubus idaeus (50%) and the exotic fungus Suillus spp. We found that the ethnospecies with higher UC have higher UV. Conclusions: The alternatives for food use offered by ethnospecies is a key element for farmers as sales reinsurance, but mainly as an element that gives visibility to local plants through homemade preparations. Local foods are biocultural legacies that reflect traditions, but also innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The access of some developing countries to globalization on a competitive basis has changed their position in the international division of labour and has meant the expansion of some of their domestic sectors, but, at the same time, it has deepened their structural features of dependency and structural heterogeneity. The semi-periphery, as a category that allows studying the changes in the centre-periphery structure, gives us the framework to analyse the participation of the Mexican agro-industrial sector in global value chains (gvc) and its impacts, which confirm the perpetuation of its peripheral features as disarticulation and extraversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Moringa oleifera is one of the most widely used natural fortifiers, due to its nutritional value, being an important ally in the nutrition and food safety sector. It is considered as a nutritional component of reinforcement, economically sustainable and healthy for people with micronutrient deficiency. Objective To establish the parameters for the nutritional fortification of the "UPA-UPA-UPA compote of Mango-Banana-Guava with powder or extract of dry leaves of Moringa oleifera. Materials and Methods The compotes were prepared with the addition of dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder at concentrations of 1.5; 3.0 and 4.5 g/L and with extract of this powder at doses of 10; 20 and 30 %. For each of the compotes, the cooking times were 10; 20 and 30 minutes. The physicochemical and nutritional properties of the fruit purees were determined and the cost/benefit indicator was estimated to determine the economic feasibility of both proposals. Results and Discussion With doses of 1.5 g/L of powder and 30 % of extract, for the same time of 10 minutes an increase in protein and vitamin C content in the compotes of more than 10 % was achieved with respect to the standard sample, being economically feasible both formulations. Conclusions The addition of moringa, in powder or extract form, increases the vitamin C and protein content of compotes, although a greater nutritional contribution is achieved with moringa powder. Its incorporation is justified, both as a fortifier and economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The alcohols obtained by distillation of fusel oil have great potential for obtaining esters such as ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate. These products constitute raw materials in different industries, especially in the food industry. Objective: To determine the experimental conditions for obtaining esters, as high-value products, by esterification of distilled fractions of fusel oil. Materials and Methods: A 2k experimental design was carried out to obtain esters from the distilled fraction 79 - 108 o C fraction of fusel oil. Independent variables considered were alcohol/acetic acid ratio and reaction time and the yield was the response variable. Results and Discussion: In the esterification of the distilled fraction of fuel oil from 79 - 108 o C, the best results were achieved when the two independent variables were used at their maximum levels. The highest yield of ester formed was obtained for isobutyl acetate with 42.52%, followed by n-propyl acetate with 13.73% and, to a lesser extent, ethyl acetate with 2.96%. Conclusions: The yields determined from the purified samples of the esterification reactions indicated the presence of ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate in all the distilled fractions. The highest proportion of esters obtained by chromatography corresponds to their boiling points in the range of temperatures in which the distilled fractions were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Signos is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desarrollo Gerencial is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This ergonomic study has focused on the production line workers in food industry because of the presence of repetitive tasks. This study's objective is to understand the working methods and the workers' organization, analyzing repetitive movements of upper limbs, in order to suggest a better distribution of the workload, and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injury. In total, there are 6 female workers who are exposed to repetitive motions. A time and motion study was carried out, as well as the OCRA (Occupational Repetitive Actions). In conclusion, all repetitive tasks are at Risk (OCRA index> 3.5) according to OCRA index. The main causes include: the worker's position on the line, the frequency of actions per minute, the duration of exposure, the lack of recovery time, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is currently a distance between consumers and the origin of food products, which translates into the widening of distribution chains and a lack of knowledge of how, where and under what circumstances food is obtained. In order to protect the heritage of localities and create a new rurality, schemes such as Geographical Indications and Slow Food Presidia are created, which seek to revalue and strengthen the value chain for the benefit of all, especially the producing communities. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to analyze the implementation of the Blue Crab Presidium and to measure the impact of the declaration of the Blue Crab Presidium on the value chain in Muisne, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador. The methodology includes a historical analysis of the process of implementing the Blue Crab Presidium through an ethnographic study, review of academic documents and governmental websites. It describes the province of Esmeraldas, the Ingenious Systems of National Agricultural Heritage, the process of recognition of the Blue Crab Presidium, and points out the impact on the value chain of this Presidium and the opportunities for the community, since the harvesting and fattening of blue crab represents one of the major sources of income for the mangrove inhabitants and their future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defatted red tilapia viscera (VTR) are hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4L® to evaluate the effect of the degree of hydrolysis (DH) on VTR's techno-functional, physicochemical, and biological qualitative properties. The results show that limited hydrolysis improves foaming capacity and foam stability, achieving the best results with DH of 4.2% and 8.4% at pH 4 and 10, respectively. Total amino acid composition shows that VTR and their hydrolysates are protein sources with high nutritional quality that have an adequate balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids, highlighting their techno-functional properties. The results suggest that VTR proteins possess high emulsifying capacity, but this property is diminished by hydrolysis. In conclusion, VTR proteins and their hydrolysates have promising applications for the food industry due to their techno-functional properties and their nutritional and microbiological quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Santiago de Cuba´s bay receives the polluting contribution of several industries, among which are the Soybean Processor and the ERASOL Oil Refiner. In previous works by the authors, it has been seen that both contribute to the organic pollution that reaches the Bay, so the objective of the work is to make proposals that as a whole contribute to minimizing the negative impact of these industries on the ecosystem. Works carried out by other authors were reviewed to determine the impacts caused by these industries in the Bay. A review of the main impacts that they generate due to the dumping of their wastes is presented. Treatment technologies are proposed that allow, depending on the nature of its wastes, to minimize the damage to the Bahía ecosystem, in addition to an action plan with goals and actions for monitoring, research and environmental education, which together can minimize the burden. organic that comes to the bay from these two food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food industry represents an important economic sector worldwide. Cuba, being a highly sugar-producing country, is in turn a producer of different types of sweetener syrups. In this work, a study of the variation of acid concentrations is carried out in 10 variants of syrup preparations in order to determine its influence on the hydrolysis process and on the established sensory quality parameters. We find that the amount of acid influences the concentration of reducing sugars as well as the pH of the solutions; besides, the dissolved and insoluble solids do not depend on the dose of added acid. Through sensory evaluation, we determine that the sample with the least amount of citric acid is the one with the best taste on the palate. The economic evaluation shows that with the reduction of citric acid in the process (7 kg per temper to 1 kg per temper), a saving of 66 CUC per temper is achieved, making the process more profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]