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Copyright of Revista 180 is the property of Revista 180 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Spal: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla is the property of Spal. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Puerto Rican Journal of Psychology / Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología is the property of Puerto Rican Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has long been suspected that much of the Inca road network used or modified existing roads. However, few of the many sophisticated and powerful pre-incan civilizations would have had either the need or the resources to build the long stretches of interregional highway --across often sparsely populated and marginal terrain-- needed to first conquer, and then govern, such a far-flung empire. Evidence uncovered by the South Central Andes Ancient Roads Project and reported here suggests that just such an imperial artery was built by the Wari through the upper tributary valleys of the Nasca River and across the high-elevation grasslands of the Pampa Galeras during the Middle Horizon (A.D. 650-1000). The route would have connected the south coast with the Andean highlands over half a millennium before the initial Inca wars of conquest and the founding of Tawantinsuyu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Women and Digital Communications: Where Are We?" analyzes the relationship between women, digital communication, and technology from a historical and comparative perspective. It argues that mediated communication has weakened social relationships and eroded people's power. Additionally, it maintains that digital technologies have been primarily designed to support male users, which has led women to redesign and reshape these technologies to adapt them to their needs. The importance of generating an analytical framework that addresses women's agency and subjectivity in social changes related to communication is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Spal: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla is the property of Spal. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of the 500th anniversary of the experience that inspired the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola, the present article approaches the Exercises from their vocational dynamic. To do so, vocation is presented, in the first part, as an inclusive, integrating and dynamic concept that seeks to articulate identity, personal freedom and God's call. In the second part, some dimensions of the Exercises and of the anthropology that underlies them are presented. The vocational dynamic is shown in the personal encounter of the retreatant with God as their own origin and destiny, in the recognition and valuing of human freedom, in the communitarian dimension of vocational discernment and in the personal relationship with Jesus as model and teacher for their own vocation. It thus offers a transversal perspective for contemplating the Spiritual Exercises that can be very relevant to contemporary culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica de Risaralda is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Questiones Publicitarias is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the methods used to carry out "impact evaluations", a type of research that supposedly can determine the effect of a policy or program on educational results. Thanks to the increased compilation of data on students and schools in the field of education, these methods have become ever more popular, in spite of their serious limitations. The study addresses the deficiencies of the two most common focuses of impact evaluations: regression analysis and random experiments (Randomized Controlled Trials, or RCT). The observation is that although large amounts of data and the methods of impact evaluation can be useful inputs for policy discussions, it is important to understand their limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Educación is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad: Revista Latinoamericana is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Sociologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the different methodologies used to estimate the long-run discount rate to be used when evaluating public projects in certain countries. Additionally, it estimates, for Chile, the discount rate, based on two methodologies: one is a small variation of Gamma discounting, first proposed by Martin Weitzman (2001), and the other one uses the Ramsey formula derived from a growth model to estimate the social rate of time preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Publicos is the property of Centro de Estudios Publicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Publicos is the property of Centro de Estudios Publicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Andrés Bello, caraqueño and Chilean, is one of the protagonists in the history of Chile. Among his contributions, being the inspiration of the Constitution of 1833, the main author of the Civil Code and the author of Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los Americanos stands out. His history, although past, is extraordinarily contemporary. Bello's erudition, humanist vision, legislative work, and, ultimately, love for the South American world, are a contrast to the current situation and sectarianism in many regions of Latin America today. Therefore, Bello can be considered a contemporary of ours, a teacher and at the same time a fellow traveler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MEDISAN is the property of Centro Provincial de Informacion en Ciencias Medicas de Santiago de Cuba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to compare morphological and sedimentological variations between the beaches of the Southern Gulf of Mexico and the Riviera Maya (Northwest Caribbean) by conducting two regional samplings of foreshore sediments, measuring topographic profiles of the beaches, and analyzing the potential impact of sea level rise from global warming. The time lapse between samplings was 26 and 32 years. Beach profiles, shoreline changes, textural parameters and composition of surficial beach sands from the foreshore were compared. This study considers the state of tide, rainfall and meteorological events. A total of 23 beach locations were studied: 19 for the Southern Gulf of Mexico and 4 for the Riviera Maya. The beach profiles show variations, with recent beaches sometimes being wider than the ancient ones. The concavity of the recent exposed beach profiles suggests that many of them are eroding. The coastline contours were analyzed through LANDSAT images from several years. Variations of coastlines in different years suggest the influence of anthropogenic and meteorological processes, indicating a connection between deposition and erosion of beaches at locations that are not very far from each other. The comparisons of textural and compositional parameters proved to be useful in the comparative analysis of ancient and recent beach sands. It is noted that it is more common for recent sediments to be more poorly sorted compared to ancient sediments, which may suggest greater interference of anthropogenic factors in recent sediments or a greater variation in oceanographic parameters. The greater statistical weight is observed through principal component analysis and is given by heavy minerals in terrigenous sands, and in carbonate sediments by pellets; this relation reflects favorable conditions for erosion and a probable depletion of marine littoral organisms and birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to describe healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) and its association with socio-demographic aspects, overweight or obesity, and physical activity (PA) in a group of adolescents from the city of Medellín (Colombia). Different instruments were used in order to evaluate these variables in 399 participants. The HRQOL dimensions with the highest scores were Social Support and Friends and Mood and Feelings. Male primary school students with college-educated parents, belonging to a high socio-economic level, engaging in high levels of PA, and without obesity caused by fat percentage or abdominal perimeter proved to have a better HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Chile, the journalistic routine typically responds to a process based largely on intuition, understood as an immediate instinctive reaction to unforeseen events with social relevance. The editors who are in charge of this process, regardless of the type of social information they deal with, make decisions founded primarily on their experience and journalistic instinct, which directly affects the quality of the content and its consistency with the editorial line adopted by the medium. While the advent of new technologies has changed citizens' access to information, it also has complicated work in the newsroom, regardless of the vehicle. News is now is a commodity, which reduces the possibilities of a journalistic coup and calls for more novelty. The figure of the editor or gatekeeper is more important than ever before, because of the editor's responsibility for selecting and prioritizing the news items most relevant to decision-making on the part of citizens. Through indepth interviews with directors, editors and journalists from the Chilean newspapers, television stations, news agencies and new media used as a reference, the team presenting this study reviewed and systematized the critical moments in journalistic decision-making. With that information, they designed a generic process known in literature as a "flowchart for modeling business processes" to which the SIPOC methodology subsequently was applied to determine the extent of the process. The RACI matrix was applied to define the activities and roles of those who participate in them. The essential stages of journalism were identified as proposition, decision and follow-up on execution of the news item. At the end of the modeling, validation was done by the directors, editors and journalists of the media used as a reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay takes as its basis a series of issues related with participation and the World Bank (WB). First, on a general level, it traces the path of thinking of the WB related to participation in development from 1980 to the present. Second, it breaks down the framework within which that thinking has been concretized -that is, the Framework for Provision of Services (FPS), presented in the 2004 World Development Report-. Third, it examines the work done by the WB in the education sector that has promoted the concepts addressed in the MPS. Focusing on the education sector Is essential because it is the sector in which the Bank has been most active in theorizing and more successful in implementing its idea of participation. As the essay shows, a particular approach to decentralization is central to the manner in which the Bank advances on its conception of participation as well as the way that it supports its realization in practice, both in general and with regard to education governance. Lastly, the chapter reviews and discusses the results of the education decentralization projects supported by the Bank in light of the theory elaborated by the Bank to promote such projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)