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Objective. To analyze alcohol consumption, and its impact on road traffic-related mortality and chronic diseases. Materials and methods. Through the analysis of national health surveys, registry of traffic collisions, mortality records and economic surveys, we estimated prevalence, mortality and consumption indicators. Results. Between 2000 and 2012, alcohol consumption in adolescents remained stable, with a significant increase among adults. Traffic collision rates related with alcohol were 0.36 and 0.58 among adolescents and adults, respectively; 8.4% of the population who suffered traffic injuries was under alcohol effects when the accident occurred. The trend in mortality from two alcohol-attributable diseases has been constant, with an average of 18 000 deaths per year. Conclusion. Alcohol abuse causes serious health damages. Tax raises to alcohol, along with other policies, could reduce harmful alcohol consumption and its associated mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze tobacco consumption in the last 12 years, its impact on chronic diseases mortality and the potential benefits of fiscal policy in Mexico. Materials and methods. Through the analysis of national health surveys (ENSA, ENSANUT), records of mortality and economic surveys between 2000 and 2012, smoking prevalence, chronic diseases mortality and consumption were estimated. Results. In 2012, 9.2% and 19% of Mexican youths and adults were current smokers. Between 2000 and 2012, smoking prevalence did not change. However, the average consumption among adolescents and adults declined whilst the special tobacco tax has being increased. Mortality attributable to tobacco consumption for four diseases was estimated in 60 000 in 2010. Conclusions. Tobacco consumption remains the leading cause of preventable death. Increasing taxes on tobacco products could deter the tobacco epidemic and consequently chronic diseases mortality in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta los resultados del XIII encuesta anual del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) con respecto a la tasa y el perfil de la actividad empresarial del mundo. Se discurre sobre el proceso emprendedor del GEM, sobre el lugar de la economía de Uruguay dentro del contexto mundial y sobre la Actividad Emprendedora de los Empleados (EEA) de cada país estudiado. También se incluyen tablas y estadísticas.

We use translog cost functions to estimate own-price and substitution elasticities of in put demands, economies of scale and average costs in Mexican manufacturing. Data from the Mexican Annual Industrial Survey is used for 1996, 2000 and 2003. We show that a model that allows for non homotheticity and nonunitary elasticities of substitution is appropriate to represent the production structure. Allen-Uza waelastici ties indicate the existence of substitution possibilities amongst in puts. The demand for electricity is essentially unitary elastic. All cross-price elasticities are less than one. Both scale economies and average costs diminish as the size of activity class increases. Economies of scale increased for any level of out put. The differences in average costs between small and large activity classes were reduced and so medisparities prevail in a number of manufacturing groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the survey analysis, the missing data problem can be managed by using Multiple Imputation (MI) methods. In this paper we show the empirical application of MI methods to the financial variables included in Chile's Social Protection Survey 2004. Based on a brief review of MI methods we conclude that Multivariate Normal one is more appropriate for our case. In addition, we consider two empirical adjustments: (1) use of the variables in their logistic versions, and (2) implementation of the method by groups of individuals. Our results show that both adjustments improves the performance of the MI method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Money laundry is the process that hides the origin of resources obtained through illegal activities like drug trafficking, smuggling, corruption, tax fraud, white-collar crimes, public misappropriation, extortion, illegal work, and, lately, terrorism. The resources are presented as coming from legal activities, and are freely traded in the financial system. However, thanks to the ongoing efforts of international organisms, the countries have established regulations, institutions and organisms to fight this crime. In Peru, the entity created for this purpose is the Financial Intelligence Unit, and several legal provisions have been set forth in this regard. This document presents a methodology aimed at generating analysis instruments, indicators and procedures to allow financial institutions to detect money laundry operations. The information used to generate said indicators is provided by INEI's annual economic survey database, and the information to generate the analysis instrument comes from satellite accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]