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This contribution analyzes the role of norms contained in individual administrative acts to determining the content of criminal wrongdoing. The reference to administrative acts raises a series of questions regarding the role of these norms in the configuration of the criminal offense and the extent to which the criminal norm can be determined by the content of said administrative act. This problem cannot be adequately addressed without a reflection on the way in which criminal law interacts with norms and evaluations from other areas of the legal system. Based on a critical analysis of these arguments, this paper provides an alternative explanation regarding the basis and scope of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The nullity of administrative acts becomes a power held by the public administration either through a request by a party via a challenge or ex officio with the purpose of rendering administrative acts that contain a defect without effect as long as their rectification is not allowed or conservation. In the present case, the misuse of power in appearance becomes a lawful act, however, the issuing agent uses said appearance to satisfy either personal interests directly or indirectly, with which the administrative act ends up being a motive for the achievement of an illegal purpose, using the position he holds, thus contravening the general interest. For this reason, it's necessary to study its nature, conceptual and procedural treatment in order to determine if it allows its detection or, on the contrary, if other measures are required to warn of the production of actions that transgress the public purpose that comes with the issuance of administrative acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most relevant domains in the current research in schizophrenia (SZ) is social cognition (SC). This area refers to the set of mental operations underlying social interactions and involves processes related to the interpretation and development of responses to the intentions and behaviors of others. According to the MATRICS (Research on assessments and treatment to improve cognition in schizophrenia) consensus, the CS includes theory of mind (ToM) among its four research areas. A set of evidences has shown that chronic schizophrenic patients frequently fail in tasks involving ToM. Recent reports claim for a link between ToM and pragmatic abilities in chronic SZ. Studies assessing pragmatic abilities and ToM have revealed that deficiencies in pragmatic tasks correlate with defects in first and second-order false-belief tasks. There is, however, little information on patients with a first episode of SZ. We examine the relationship between ToM and pragmatic skills in a sample of young male patients (N = 10) diagnosed as first episode of SZ with ICD-10 criteria. We propose that this group will obtain lower scores than matched normal controls in two tasks that evaluate, respectively, pragmatic skills and ToM: comprehension of indirect speech acts (ISA) task and first and second-order false beliefs task. The comparison group consisted of 8 healthy controls matched to the SZ patients for age, sex, education and socioeconomic status with no history of neuropsychiatric disorders. The patients and the control subjects were assessed with a neuropsychological protocol. Our results showed minor differences in neuropsychological testing. As expected, the schizophrenic patients performed worse than the control group on the false belief task and the AHI task. The correlation between both tasks and a consistent regression analysis suggest a link between ToM and pragmatic processing. Further studies are needed including larger samples and pragmatic and cognitive tests in order to assess the complex relationship between SZ, pragmatic and executive frontal functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyse two types of phraseological utterances: pragmatemes, ut-terances restricted by the extralinguistic situation of use, and stereotypical speech acts, utterances with communicative intentions produced in a conversation. ¿De cuánto estás? or Recién pintado are examples of pragmatemes; Ya te digo or Lo que tú digas are examples of stereotypical speech acts. To study the similarities and differences between these two phraseological units, the database of 155 pragmatemes and 71 stereotypical speech acts was used. Their analysis, which included the description and comparison of their pragmatic-discursive and syntactic-semantic features, allowed us to identify and to propose some lexicographical keys for their introduction in the phraseological dictionary DiRetEs (Diccionario Reticular del Español). The findings reveal that the two units studied are utterances which have communicative intentions, although their relationship to context may differ. In relation to the syntactic-semantic dimension, both units are syntactically autonomous and generally multilexical. Furthermore, within this category, we find both transparent and idiomatic units, albeit the latter seems to be more frequent among stereotypical speech acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Fiscal is the property of Revista de Derecho Fiscal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The research addresses the problems related to biological risk and the health of workers involved in agricultural and livestock activities. These agricultural personnel, when carrying out their functions, are permanently exposed to incidents and accidents related to their work, which becomes a relevant issue to consider an investigation that allows approaching elements involved within the framework of Safety and Health at work. Aim. Describe the acts and conditions associated with the state of health and prevention of biological risk in workers in the agricultural sector. Materials and methods. This study is based on a quantitative approach, adopting a descriptive and non-experimental cross-sectional design. The target population was voluntarily selected and consisted of 15 participants, 6 women and 9 men, all residents of the municipality of Consacá, located in Nariño in southwestern Colombia and linked to agricultural or livestock activities. For the collection of data, the Survey of Morbidity Felt Acts and Unsafe Conditions for Biological Risk to Workers in the Agricultural Sector (ACIRB), designed specifically for this study, was used. This survey is made up of 9 items that evaluate acts and conditions related to biological risk in the work environment. Results. The study presents results in the variables "Acts" and "Conditions". Regarding the "Acts", the behavior of workers in medical examinations, self-medication, use of Personal Protection Elements (PPE) and biosafety information are analyzed. Some performed medical examinations and practiced self-medication. The use of PPE varied, including traditional methods, while first aid kits were absent. In relation to "Conditions", work symptoms and resources for PPE were explored. Various symptoms and economic limitations were identified that led to homemade solutions. conclusions. The research managed to understand the acts and conditions related to health and prevention of biological risks in agricultural workers. The importance of understanding the nature of work to effectively address health and safety challenges is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Palobra is the property of Universidad de Cartagena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We still know little about the psycho-organizational antecedents related to the prevention of acts of corruption in government. This empirical study examines the distinctive impact of two emotions with negative valence, fear and anger, as catalysts or inhibitors of whistleblowing among public employees. Through an experimental study with local government officials in Mexico, we show that people who experience anger are significantly more likely to report acts of corruption, especially when exposed to high-intensity stimuli. On the other hand, intense fear can powerfully inhibit whistleblowing. These findings provide relevant evidence of the impact of emotional cues on whistleblowing in the context of a government organization. Based on these results, we suggest that emotion management could be an effective tool to improve integrity levels in public bureaucracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Penales y Criminológicos is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of language requires, from scratch, the presence of a listener and the construction of interaction formats between the child and the adult. On the other hand, caregivers have their own perception of this same communication event constructed by both parties (child and adult) and implements verbal and non-verbal resources which communicative impact is variable, especially when language is not typically developed. All these dynamics provides valuable subjective information that must be recorded, analyzed and considered in the speech-language pathology clinic from the concepts of pragmatic linguistics and, especially, of speech acts and their forces. Based on this, it will be possible to outline initial guidelines, strategies and modeling for parents to incorporate in their daily lives, with an impact on the way they interact with their families. In our research line, we distinguish three forces of speech acts: the locutionary force related to the emission of words to produce a certain meaning, the illocutionary force related to the intention of the speaker, and the perlocutionary force related to the effect that the sender's speech acts produce on the receiver. This paper highlights the relevance of the latter, and the importance for speech-language pathologists to have specific instruments to assess it by analyzing how each caregiver perceives the child's communicative dynamics. The ICRA-A Battery is part of the pragmatic research line of ICRA (Investigation of Communicative Competence for the Performance of Speech Acts, for its acronym in Spanish) focused on the evaluation and therapeutics of the Minimal Communication Circuits based on the concept of speech act. It is made up of four instruments: Analysis and Recording of Speech Acts, Pragmatic Observation of Play, Parent Questionnaire and Parents' Guide. The first two were administered directly by the speech therapist and the last two were completed by the caregivers. The objective of this paper is to present Instrument 3 of the ICRA-A Battery, the Parent Questionnaire, designed from the perspective of prelinguistic dimensions and precursors to basic speech acts. The record allows gathering information on the perception each parent has regarding their child's communicative competence by complementing the more objective results obtained from the administration of Instruments 1 and 2 of ICRA-A Battery. This paper also aims to analyze the perceptions of the parents of the pragmatic variables of their children at an early age, describe the instrument as well as its constitutive concepts, the implementation modality in the speech and language pathology clinic, and the validity and reliability psychometric analysis. In five out of the six dimensions comprising such instrument, capability of discriminating perceptions of parents of children with and without a pathology related to early communication indicators were verified. Results showed a moderate correlation between responses from mothers and fathers in each group, strengthening the initial hypothesis that each caregiver answers the questionnaire independently. From the analysis carried out, it was possible to establish the strengths and weaknesses of the variables that make up the instrument and to enhance the form of recording by grouping those strengths and weaknesses into prelinguistic dimensions. It is important for speech-language pathologists to be able to sound out parental perception from which they provide guidelines and modeling to each patient's caregiver, taking into account pragmatic communicative variables to promote a Minimum Communication Circuit in children with nonverbal and verbal language compromises at an early age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a pragmatic study of a sequence of supplication speech acts between Telemachus and the Trojan heroes Nestor and Menelaus. It examines the linguistic phenomena of both the main speech act of supplication and its secondary speech act. This is approached from Blum-Kulka y Olshtain’s (1984) concept of macro-directive speech acts and Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of verbal (im)politeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is about the Tribunal of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith and its competence in doctrinal, disciplinary, and matrimonial matters. It mentions the reforms carried out by several popes, including the change of name from Congregations to Dicasteries. It also discusses the canonical legislation related to offenses reserved to the exclusive competence of the Holy See and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, as well as the attribution and mandate of the Pope in relation to the judgment of these offenses. It mentions the existence of a special college within the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith that is responsible for judging appeals against administrative acts issued by the Congregation in cases of serious offenses. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Cauriensia: Revista Anual de Ciencias Eclesiásticas is the property of Instituto Teologico San Pedro de Alcantara de Caceres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The signature books constitute a very interesting material to study, quantitatively and qualitatively, the discourse of positive assessment directed towards patient groups. We have accessed one of them, to preferably analyze the acts of gratitude (n = 145). We have also included data and interpretations on acts of presentation and identification (n = 376), descriptive-evaluative acts (n = 36) and acts of commitment (n = 32). The study demonstrates the importance of emotions among the causes of gratitude, to the detriment of the scientific content of the macro-event analyzed. The preferred structure of the acts of gratitude is the one formed by independent nucleus or by nucleus more specifying of gratitude (with or without intensification). Little relevance is given to the recipients. On the other hand, the scarcity of acts of commitment is surprising. Lastly, the authors of the messages show a basic understanding of rare diseases, but there are also fundamental gaps and errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I propose nomenclatural acts to formalize the synonymy provided in the "Checklist of the Millipeds of North and Middle America" and "A morphological phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of the millipede family Atopetholidae (Chamberlin) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) with descriptions of new species and the conservation status of Comanchelus chihuanus (Chamberlin 1947) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Atopetholidae), a species of concern." Based on published literature and in the morphology of male gonopods, the millipedes Tarascolus clarus Chamberlin, Scobinomus serratus Loomis, and T. reflexus Loomis, are proposed as junior synonyms of T. bolivari Chamberlin. Tarascolus bolivari is an endemic species from Mexico with distribution in Baja California, Baja California Sur, Estado de México, Mexico City, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, and Nayarit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lingüística y Literatura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agreements taken by the cathedral council, as the government body of the cathedral, constitutes one of the most important information of the cathedral institution, and they are known through different documentary typologies, mainly the one known as capitular agreements. In the case of Segorbe, the partial destruction of the archive in different historical moments and, above all, in the events of the Civil War (1936-1939), has signified the loss of a big part of this documentation, what you can do somehow be rebuilt grouping all the documentary sources about this topic in a unique series that we refer to as capitular accords and agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Speech act theory and analytical theology are increasingly present in current issues of fundamental theology. The contributions of this theory in the work of J. R. Searle to biblical hermeneutics, to the reasonableness of the act of faith, to justification by faith and to the foundation of sacramental actions are analyzed. The limitations in its theological applications are set out. Finally, it is concluded that the analysis of the act of faith as an speech act must express the ontological dimension of the propositional content and the performative hope proper to the Christian faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Section 107 of Spain's Public Administrations' General Administrative Procedural Act contemplates the so-called system of harmfulness for the review of relatively void favourable administrative acts, in which review powers are attributed to the Administrative litigation Jurisdiction. Although this system is a historic institution of Spanish administrative law, until now, little attention has been dedicated to the role of the declaration of harmfulness for the public interest within the aforementioned system. I.e., in this system, ¿why does the Administration have to declare that its acts are harmful to the general public interest prior to their judicial impugnation? The research conducted addresses this issue, concluding that the role of the declaration of harmfulness for the public interest is linked to the implementation of Section 110 of Spain's Public Administrations' General Administrative Procedural Act («limits of administrative review powers») in the aforementioned system for reviewing administrative acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a global recent interest in this matter, researchers have not developed, or validated scales focused on workplace bullying or destructive leadership in Chile. There are antecedents of workplace violence in the country, and the relationship with psychological distress is worldwide documented. The present study aimed to provide evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relationship with other variables of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Destructive Leadership Scale (CDLS). A survey was applied to a multi occupational sample of 1995 civil servants of the main metropolitan areas of Chile: Santiago, Valparaiso, and Concepcion. Responses were analyzed through exploratory and descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis for internal structure, and Logistic Regression for bindings with psychological distress as a criterion, adjusting on confounding variables. The CDLS scale obtained acceptable fit indices once one item was deleted (WLSχ²(64, N= 1847) = 642, p<.0,001; CMIN/df= 10.0; CFI= 0.966; GFI= 0.993; aGFI= 0.987; RMSEA = 0.070; 90% IC [0.065, 0.075] NNFI= 0.959), distinguishing between destructive (CR [composite reliability]= 0.81) and constructive leaderships (CR= 0.91). The NAQ-R showed properties that make it useful in the Chilean context as a unidimensional measure (WLSχ²(206, N= 1927) = 648, p<.0.001; CMIN/df= 3.1; CFI= 0.969; GFI= 0.994; aGFI= 0.990; RMSEA = 0.033; 90% IC [0.030, 0.036] NNFI= 0.965; CR= 0.98). A higher prevalence of Distress in the presence of bullying (PR [Prevalence ratio]=1.03, 95%IC [confidence intervals] 1.02, 1.04) or destructive leadership was found (PR= 1.09, 95%IC 1.06, 1.13). Studies may obtain prevalence by empirical classification methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research focus on the divergences in linguistic action patterns and the effect of intercultural communication through in conversations in lingua franca. The above in order to identify speech acts produced in the social interactions between members of different cultures, specifically Chinese and Colombian. Therefore, an analytical methodology was applied in relation to the dyadic conversation among a Chinese and a Colombian teacher who interacted in English. The results show the obstacles overcoming among both participants, who took into account cultural dimensions, as well as signs of gestural and body language to solve any difficulties presented by verbal communication. However, the lack of knowledge about linguistic rules in relation to the use of language and the cultural standards, such as stereotypes, social distances, besides the cultural iceberg could cause certain difficulties in the pragmatics of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Propiedad Inmaterial is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Centro de Estudios de la Propriedad Intelectual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the sentence of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura regarding the expulsion of a nun known as Sister X from the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life. After several appeals and appeals, the tribunal confirmed the expulsion of the nun on January 26, 2008. The article also discusses the possibility of revoking an administrative act without the consent of the competent authority and mentions the confusing actions of the Superior General in the case. A definitive conclusion is not reached in the article. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Magis: Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Administración Pública is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural is the property of Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The management or governance of the company is of vital importance for its development and that of the people who work in it and with whom it relates. The study of the anthropological basis of action can provide important elements for carrying out this task. To this end, a study of the proposal on the acts of the will elaborated by Thomas Aquinas and based on the contributions of Leonardo Polo is proposed; it begins with the study of human's possessive and effusive desire and continues with an analysis of Aquinas' proposal based on Polo's observations on this subject. In the conclusions, the fields of application to management and business are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among verbal (im)politeness phenomena, greetings are particularly important in institutional interactions, both from the point of view of their expression and their perception (Placencia 2001; Ferrer 2003; Rigatuso 2003 and 2015; Sánchez Lanza 2003; Murillo Medrano 2004). In this paper, which is part of a broader research on expression and perception of (im)politeness in customer service encounters in health and educational institutions in a city in the linguistic area of the Buenos Aires Spanish variety, we propose to analyze the dynamics of greetings in interactions between employees and users in educational institutions, specifically considering the opening and closing instances of the communicative event. Greetings, as speech acts, are emphasized by the users as fundamental for the expression of politeness in these contexts. We attend in particular to the presence/absence of greetings, the schemes in which they are inserted, the formulas used, who formulates them and how they contribute to the expression of politeness in the institutional discourse. Our theoretical and methodological approach is based on Interactional Sociolinguistics (Gumperz 1982 and 2001; Tannen 1985, 1996 and 2004), with contributions from Ethnography of communication (Gumperz and Hymes 1972), Goffman's Microsociology (1967) and Discourse analysis (Drew and Sorjonen 2000). For the study of politeness phenomena, we follow leading researchers in Sociocultural Pragmatics (Bravo 1999; Bravo and Briz 2004; Kaul 2008 and 2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxia is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ministers of worship may carry out functions that have civil import; some religious acts have civil effects. Some religious professions do not limit the role of minister to men. Given that the rules and regulations of Ecclesiastical Law relating indirectly to women ministers of worship are scarce (Social Security), the purpose of this paper is to gain a clearer understanding of the situation and find out the number of women ministers who carry out religious functions that have civil effects. The Sub-Directorate General of Religious Freedom has been consulted to establish the number of ministers of worship included in the Registry of Religious Bodies, and religious organizations approached to see how many such ministers are women. At the same time, this analysis also provides further information on the functions that women carry out in religious organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze actions of indigenous women regarding their care during pregnancy through daily practices that we name as everyday acts of resistance. Materials and methods. A qualitative ethnomethodological study was carried out in Cuetzalan, Sierra Norte de Puebla, México; 93 questionnaires were applied to pregnant indigenous women, 67 of them were semi-structured interviews. Also, a critical discourse analysis was performed. Results. Three everyday acts of resistance were identified for pregnancy care: 1) Community coexistence; 2) Mobility for prenatal care, and 3) Beliefs in pregnancy care. Altogether the acts describe preventive morbidity actions based on the cultural perception of risk in pregnant women within a context sociocultural and economically vulnerability. Conclusions. The set of daily practices in prenatal care by women, must be recognized as immediate preventive actions in favor of maternal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These past decades have seen an emergence of studies on speech acts. Condolences, however, are among the least addressed out of them. Bibliography on this subject is scarce if compared to that of petitions, promises, offers, and so on, more so in Spanish, where papers on this subject are few and far between. This gap is especially notable in diachronic studies. This paper aims to offer a first approach to strategies for delivering condolences in 18th and 19th century letters written in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its goal is to describe which are the most common semantic formulas used to give condolences, and how much they resemble those described by different authors regarding this speech act in modern languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses concessive resources with a mitigating function which are found in argumentative acts in the PRESEEA corpus from Santiago, Chile. Based on data from 36 semi-structured interviews, the behaviour of concessive-oppositional moves and concessive discourse particles in argumentative acts is analyzed, and their sociolinguistic variation is described in relation to the speakers' gender, age and level of education. The key findings highlight that in Chilean Spanish there are at least 12 strategies that fulfill a mitigating concessive function, among which "sí, pero (yes, but) + negation", "aunque (even though)", "no, pero (no, but) + assertion" and "a pesar (de) que (despite the fact that)" stand out. These strategies are linked to the functions of self-protection and face prevention in the development of the argumentative act. Furthermore, it is also observed that the variation is mostly due to the subject's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the strategies of attenuation and intensification in requests and commands as exhortative speech acts in Pereira's speech. The study is synchronous (2021-2022) and qualitative. A corpus composed of 120 colloquial exhortative speech acts was formed, which were obtained by students of Technological University of Pereira through participant observation in environments both familiar and close to their social network or link network. The results indicate that in Pereira the attenuation in the commands and the requests is expressed through units that act as discursive markers, such as I say and you all will see, the use of narrations embedded between the nucleus and the mitigator of the speech act, and flattery, while the intensification is marked with exaggerations. In addition, it is evident that rhetorical questions can serve both to attenuate and intensify the illocutionary force of the exhortative act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]