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Para evaluar el efecto de la adición de un complejo enzimático en una mezcla de sorgo en la digestibilidad verdadera del nitrógeno (DVN) y energía metabolizable (EMV) en gallos, se realizó un experimento con 56 gallos de la línea Bovans Brown. Se establecieron tres niveles de granulometría (G) para la mezcla de sorgo: 1, 3 y 5 mm. Se desarrollaron seis tratamientos: T1) mezcla de sorgo sin complejo enzimático, + G1 mm; T2) mezcla de sorgo con complejo enzimático + G1 mm; T3) mezcla de sorgo sin complejo enzimático + G3 mm; T4) mezcla de sorgo con complejo enzimático + G3 mm; T5) mezcla de sorgo sin complejo enzimático + G5 mm y T6) mezcla de sorgo con complejo enzimático + G5mm. Se aplicó diseño completamente aleatorizado, con arreglo factorial 3 x 2 y ocho gallos (repetición) por tratamiento. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas para los factores granulometría y presencia o no del complejo enzimático en la EMV (16.04 MJ/kg MS). Para la DVN, hubo interacción en el complejo enzimático y la granulametría (P < 0.001). El T4 tuvo la mayor digestibilidad (95.82 ± 1.66 %) y el T2 la menor (83.43 ± 2.71 %). Se concluye que la adición del complejo enzimático no afecta las variables evaluadas. Sin embargo, se recomiendan usar la mezcla de sorgo con granulometría de 3 mm, ya que se mantiene la EMV y aumenta la DVN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se evaluó la aplicación del heno de maní, ensilaje de sorgo y un suplemento proteico-energético (MUSS-LACTIBIOL ) en una dieta para toros en inicio de ceba. Se utilizaron 60 animales, divididos en dos grupos: tratamientos A y B, con pesos promedio de inicio de 334 y 361 kg ± 7 kg, y estabulados durante 113 y 93 d, respectivamente. Se sacrificaron con 430 ± 7 kg de peso vivo. Las dietas consistieron en el suplemento MUSS-LACTIBIOL , suministrado a razón de 1.37 kg.d-1 por animal; 10.2 y 8.2 kg de ensilaje de sorgo y heno de maní, respectivamente, en base húmeda. Se conformaron en proporciones (%) para ambos grupos de: 11, 20 y 69 (base seca) del suplemento MUSS-LACTIBIOL , ensilaje de sorgo y heno de maní, respectivamente. Se utilizó diseño de clasificación simple, con los tratamientos anteriormente mencionados. Se aplicó análisis de varianza para las medias de los indicadores productivos. Los animales de menor PV inicial ganaron más PV, diariamente y al final del experimento los de mayor PV inicial consumieron más MS, EM y PB y necesitaron más de esos nutrientes para lograr ganar 1 kg de PV. Hubo una relación directa negativa (R2 = 0.89Ë‚0.001) entre el PV inicial y la ganancia diaria. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que con una relación suplemento: alimento fibroso de 11:89 es factible ganancias próximas a 1 kg (0.976 y 0.829 kg.anim.d-1) donde el heno de maní aportó 69 %de la MS y de la PB y 67 % de la EM, por lo que es posible generar tecnologías de producción de carne con residuos fibrosos de la agricultura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the technical and economic feasibility of using ground sorghum grain in diets for breeding isoproteic to corral British breed calves tested. They were grouped by body weight and assigned to three treatments (T) based on grain sorghum (GS) with different protein sources for 80 days: Grain sorghum (57.96%) with Sunflower Pellet (G) (32, 04%) TI (GSG); Grain sorghum (67.95%) with Pellet soy (S) (22.05%) TII (GSS); Grain sorghum (3.87%) with wheat bran (A) (86.13%) TIII (GSA). The intake of dry matter (DM) had significant differences (P <0.027); the higher DM intake (7.16 kg. /d) was for TI (GSG). The daily weight gains were significantly different (P <0.0116) throughout the study for TI (GSG) and TIII (GSA) respectively. The cost ($ / day / kg daily gain) treatment TIII (GSA) was lower than the other two treatments TI and TII GSG GSS. It was concluded that using grain sorghum isoproteic diets in rearing calves the best production results were achieved when mixed with pellet sunflower or soy as a protein source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest on meat and fat quality has brought the implicit need to know the content and composition of pig carcass fat, due to probable negative impacts on human health. The greatest challenges are the reduction of saturated fatty acids content in meat, mainly palmitic acid, and the increase of mono- and poli-insaturated fatty acids amount. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of fatty acids in depot tissues of pigs at 90 kg of liveweight, fed on different diets, containing sorghum grains processed in different ways, or ground corn. The samples were obtained in vivo from subcutaneous fat, by biopsy. Once the samples were stabilized, the most abundant fatty acid, and the percentage of relative abundance in each sample were determined by a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) coupling technique. From this experience it could be concluded that the pigs fed on sorghum, independently from its presentation, show carcasses higher in mono- and poli-insaturated fatty acids. Those fed on ground and extruded sorghum had linolenic acid in their carcasses. The diets composed by thermo-processed sorghum showed higher meat quality carcasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive indicators in fattening pigs substituting 30 % of the crude protein contributed by the commercial concentrate feed, through feeding variants which included sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) meal and protein forage plants (Morus alba and Tithonia diversifolia). The study was conducted in production areas of the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages "Indio Hatuey" and 44 pigs were used; they were randomly distributed in 4 experimental treatments --with 11 pigs each-- and had an initial average weight of 26 kg. The control group (C) received only commercial concentrate; the concentrate feed-sorghum group (C-S) was fed 70 % concentrate feed and 30 % sorghum meal; the concentrate feed- sorghum-tree marigold group (C-S-T) had 70 % concentrate feed, 20 % sorghum meal and 10 % fresh tree marigold forage; and the concentrate feed-sorghum-mulberry group (C-S-M) received 70 % concentrate feed plus 20 % sorghum meal and 10 % fresh mulberry forage. The live weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion were determined every 15 days. The trial stopped 108 days after the beginning, when the animals reached slaughter weight. The average cumulative weight gains (g/animal/day) of groups C (623) and C-S (625) showed significant differences (P<0,01) with regards to C-S-T (570) and C-S-M (524). The global feed conversion (kg DM/kg LW) was 3,56 for C; 4,21 for C-S; 5,39 for C-S-T and 5,18 for C-S-M. It is concluded that the inclusion of sorghum meal as energy resource and its combination with forage from protein forage plants constitutes a viable alternative for Cuban pig production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se estudió el efecto del sorgo escobero (Sorghum bicolor var. Technicum, jav), entero o molido, en las características de la canal y cortes primarios en 40 ovinos pelibuey (Dorper x Pelibuey), de 31.55 ± 6.02 kg de peso vivo durante 42 d. Se sustituyó 75 % de sorgo escobero entero por molido. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con dos tratamientos y cuatro réplicas. Se realizó una prueba de alimentación con 40 animales que recibieron dietas integrales. La inclusión de sorgo escobero entero no influyó significativamente en el peso vivo final, peso de la canal caliente, área de ojo de la costilla, espesor de la grasa dorsal, grasa renal-pélvica, peso de vísceras digestivas y peso de los cortes primarios. Sin embargo, disminuyó (P < 0.05) el rendimiento de la canal (56.01 vs. 52.94 %) y el porcentaje de cuerpo vacío (84.74 vs. 81.62 %) e incrementó (P < 0.05) el porcentaje de vísceras llenas (26.39 vs. 23.94 %), peso del contenido gastrointestinal (6.84 vs. 5.71 kg) y porcentaje del contenido gastrointestinal (18.38 vs. 15.26 %). Se concluye que la inclusión de sorgo escobero entero en la alimentación de corderos disminuye el rendimiento de la canal, sin afectar sus características, peso de los cortes primarios y relación entre ambas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out in the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production Camilo Cienfuegos of the urban farm of the municipality San Miguel del Padrón, in the province Havana, with the objective of studying the effect of the irrigation with waste waters on the yield of the cultivations sorghum (white variety C-21) and corn (Tusón variety), to increase the production of grains, dedicated to the animal feeding in the urban agriculture.The studied treatments was T1: irrigation with waste waters and upland conditions. The utilized system was of sprinkler irrigation (sprinkler 5022 of 960 L⋅.h-1 spaced 12 m x 12 m). A dose net total of 1775,4 m³⋅ha-1 of waste waters was applied, distributed in 31 irrigation; it was possible to increase the yield significantly in grains of the cultivations sorghum and corn with values of 4,29 t⋅ha-1 and 1,.73 t⋅ha-1 respectively. The sorghum variety reached got a better use of the applied water with yield average 1,59 kg⋅m-3 with regard to the corn that obtained a value of 1;09 kg⋅m-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los sorgos forrajeros (Sorghum sp.) tipo sudan son muy utilizados en Argentina como forraje fresco por sus grandes producciones (8 a 15.000 kg MS ha -1 ), que permiten sostener alta carga animal (tres a seis animales ha -1 ) durante el verano. Sin embargo, debido a los desbalances nutricionales, las ganancias de peso (GDP) que se alcanzan son bajas (400 a 600 g diarios). La utilización de los nuevos sorgos nervadura marrón o BMR (Brown Middle Rib) como forraje fresco, cuya calidad es significativamente superior al tener menor contenido de lignina, podría mejorar la GDP y la terminación de los animales. Con este objetivo se definió un experimento con novillos Angus (británicos), que pastorean sorgos BMR como forraje fresco sin suplementación. El ensayo tuvo dos etapas: 1ra) 140 novillitos de 318 kg de PV cabeza -1 durante 99 d y 2da) 340 novillitos de 364 kg PV cabeza -1 durante 69 d. Se midió la calidad nutricional, asignación de forraje (Af), ganancia diaria de peso, eficiencia de conversión (ECv) y costos de producción (CP). La unidad experimental correspondió al animal, con 20 repeticiones por etapa. Se probaron modelos lineales. La digestibilidad in vitro de la MS de las etapasfue de 76.73 y 77.06 %, respectivamente. La Af alcanzó 4.54 y 4.64 kg MS, cada 100 kg PV d -1 . Las GDP fueron 0.788 y 0.801 kg cabeza -1 d -1 , respectivamente. Las ECv estuvieron en 12.44 y 12.98 kg de MS de alimento kg producido -1 . Los CP correspondieron a 0.47 y 0.67 u$s kg producido -1 . Los pesos de sacrificio fueron 396 y 402.5 kg cabeza -1 respectivamente, y los CP muy adecuados para un sistema pastoril. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out in the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production "Camilo Cienfuegos" of the urban farm of San Miguel del Padron municipality, at Havana City province, with the objective of studying the effect of the irrigation with waste waters on the yield of the cultivations sorghum (white variety C-21) and corn (Tuson variety), to increase the production of grains, dedicated to the animal feeding in the urban agriculture. The studied treatments was T1: irrigation with waste waters and upland conditions. The irrigation system utilized was the multi-sprinkler solid set type (sprinkler 5022 of 960 L⋅h-1 spaced 12 m x 12 m). A dose net total of 1775,4 m³⋅ha-1 of waste waters was applied, distributed in 31 waterings it was possible to increase the yield significantly in grains of the cultivations sorghum and corn with values of 4,29 t⋅ha-1 and 1,73 t⋅ha-1 with relation to treatment of upland, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of three forages: black sorghum (Sorghum almum), mulberry (Morus alba), and African star grass (Cynodom nlemfuensis), on the quantity and quality of goat milk. The experiment was carry out at the Alfredo Volio Mata Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica located at 1542 masl, during the last trimester of 2007 on three groups of Lamancha goats. A repeated Latin square model was used. The highest milk yield was obtained when animals consumed African star grass (1.06 kg of milk/animal/day) (p<0.01) followed by Mulberry (0.89 kg of milk/animal/day) and Black sorghum (0.73 kg of milk/animal/ day); nevertheless, fat percentage, protein, casein, total solids and non fatty solids were improved when goats were fed with mulberry (p<0.01), and the lowest parameters were obtained with African star grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of addition of a commercial enzyme mixture (pectinases, â-glucanases and hemicellulases) to sorghum+soybean meal diets on apparent ileal amino acid and protein digestibility, metabolizable energy and productive performance in broiler was valuated with two experiments. Both experiments included four treatments: 1. Control, sorghum+soybean meal diet; 2. Control diet + enzymes; 3. Low-nutrient sorghum+soybean meal diet (7 % reduction in crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA) and metabolizable energy (ME); and 4. Low-nutrient diet + enzymes. A completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used in both experiments; one factor was diets (control and low-nutrient) and the other factor was addition or not of enzymes. Exp 1 included 240 Ross 308 broiler chicks in a trial from 1 to 21 d of age, and Exp 2 included 280 Ross 308 chicks in a trial from 1 to 49 d of age. At 21 d in Exp 1, weight gain was lower (P<0.05) in the low-nutrient diets but mproved with addition of enzymes. Ileal amino acid digestibility and ME was best (3.0 % and 6.5 % respectively) in the low- nutrient diet with enzymes. At 49 d in Exp 2, weight gain was lower (P<0.05) in the low-nutrient diets but improved with addition of enzymes. Addition of the enzyme mixture improved the nutritional value of sorghum-soybean meal diets for broilers by increasing amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy. This confirms the possibility of using enzymes to produce ower-cost feeds with adequate nutritional content and growth performance comparable to conventional feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrient digestibility and productive performance in pigs fed sorghum-canola based diets containing a multi-enzymatic complex (pectinases, b-glucanases and hemicellulases - PGH) or phytase (FYT) or their combination were evaluated in three experiments. Exp 1 involved 16 barrows (43 kg) in a completely randomized design with a 2 (FYT: 0 and 0.3 kg/t) x 2 (PGH: 0 and 0.3 kg/t) factorial arrangement. Exp 2 included 36 barrows (40 kg), in a completely randomized block design with a factorial arrangement of two physical forms (powder or pellet) and three formulations (1. 3.08 Mcal ME/kg, reduced Ca and P, with or without enzymes; 2 positive control; and 3. 3.25 Mcal ME/kg and adequate levels Ca and P levels) to measure digestibility. Exp 3, used the same treatments as in Exp 2, but only in pellet form, to evaluate productive performance. In Exp 1, the combination of FYT and PGH increased digestible energy (DE) and metabolized energy (ME) (P<0.05) between 130 and 146 kcal/kg, and improved Ca and P digestibility (P<0.05). In Exp 2, the enzymes improved Ca, P, and energy digestibility (P<0.05), releasing 108 extra kcal of ME. In Exp 3, use of the enzymes improved feed and energy efficiency (P<0.01), with 129 Kcal ME/kg released as a result. Addition of FYT and PGH to the sorghum-canola based diets increased ME between 108 and 146 kcal ME/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper was carried out at the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production Camilo Cienfuegos, belonging to the urban farm of the municipality of San Miguel del Padrón, Havana, Cuba. The study has as objective, to know the yield response of the sorghum (bicolor Sorghum, variety V-4) cultivated under dry conditions devoted to animal feeding in Urban Agriculture. The experiment was developed on an alluvial soil from June to September of 2006 with an occurrence of 326,9 mm of total rain fall. The yield (4,86 t/ha) showed that the rain fall allowed an optimal soil moisture for all biological cycle of the crop, as well as to recommend the sowing it in the wet months, without the needed of applying supplementary irrigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black sorghum and ramie fodder intake was evaluated and compared in nine non-pregnant and non-lactating La Mancha goats with an average live weight of 38 (±2) kg, distributed in a Latin square design 3 x 3 repeated. The experimental treatments were: a) black sorghum fodder, b) ramie fodder and c) 50-50 mixed black sorghum plus ramie. Black sorghum had 70 days and ramie 56 days of regrowth. The forage was given in a chopped form (stems and leaves). Each animal received a daily fresh ration corresponding to 14% of its live weight. Samples of offered and rejected material were gathered to analyze dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber content. Significant differences were found (P<0,01) for fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber intake. Dry matter intake for the different treatments was kept within the range reported in the literature (0,90; 0,97 and 1,65% of live weight for the different diets, respectively). Crude protein intake with ramie and black sorghum plus ramie, was enough to cover maintenance requirements. Fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber intake were higher for the black sorghum plus ramie diet, followed bythe ramie diet. Key words: Bohemeria nivea, goats, intake, Sorghum almum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]