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In the middle of the 20th Century the functionalist current of penal law started to develop in Germany. Some of its main representatives are Günther Jakobs and Klaus Roxin. With it a new vision of penal law is created, since it must now adequate to the social reality of the community. So, whoever defrauds society's expectations through the production of a disapproved juridical risk must be punished. To determine if a result can be charged to a person functionalism uses the Theory of Objective Imputation, which based on the guarantee positions to determine the role that a given person plays in society. In this research paper we will state the case of how an event that was traditionally ally attributed to nature is caused by the activity of men of modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article examines German military presence in Colombia between 1929 and 1940. The military cooperation between these two countries is to be understood not only as part of institutional relations and nation state interests but also as a broadening of the space of experience. On the one hand the Colombian state interest in these relationships lay in modernization perspectives, on the other hand, Germany emerged as a point of reference for the Colombian military. The role model position of Germany for Colombia was established through networks of communication and learning processes over large distances. Three German military missions visited Colombia in that decade but also journals and many articles reached the country. The exchange with the Germans was considered a great success by the Colombians, which reflects the fact, that the Germans are praised constantly. But there was a strong competition with other countries. World War II was about to start and the Americans exerted a dominant influence due to more favorable geographical conditions so that the days of the German military presence were numbered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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On July 24, 1961, the legislative bodies of the Federal Republic of Germany enacted a new uniform professional code for certified accountants and licensed accountants. This new code came into force on November 1, 1961. In this article the author shall attempt to describe those aspects of the new code which appear to be of some interest to professional accountants outside the Federal Republic and in the U.S. particularly. Under the provisions of the new code, the two professional groups of certified accountants and licensed accountants will continue to exist side by side, but no additional licensed accountants will be appointed, so that ultimately this professional group will disappear. To accelerate this process, the code provides that those who are now licensed accountants shall have the opportunity to join the group of certified accountants merely by taking an oral examination. Licensed accountants are authorized, as before, to certify audits of books and accounts, with the exception of mandatory audits of stock corporations, which have always been reserved to certified accountants.

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