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Background and aims: The excellent physical and chemical properties of Abacá and Japan papers make them one of the most used materials in restoration of cultural assets on paper. The objective of this work is to characterize the fibers that compose them and identify plant genera or species that were used in their manufacture. M&M: Fibers from samples of each paper and previously collected reference plant material were disintegrated. The diagnostic characters of the fibers were observed with a photomicroscope and photomicrographs were taken. Subsequently, the homologous characters were compared by relating the Abacá paper fiber samples with those of Musa sp. and the Japan paper samples with Broussonetia sp. and Euonymus sp. Results: There were coincidences between the diagnostic characters of the paper fibers of Abacá and Musa sp. Regarding the Japan paper samples, there were results consistent with Broussonetia sp. but not with Euonymus sp. Conclusions: According to the results observed between the Abacá paper fibers and the samples of the collected living material, we infer that the Abacá paper contains fibers of Musa sp. In the Japan paper samples, the similarities observed between the diagnostic characters of the fibers with respect to the reference plant samples indicate the presence of Broussonetia sp. fibers. There is no evidence of fibers of Euonymus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The use of natural resources in the highland region of Jujuy province, Argentina, is highly represented in various activities and practices. In this context, plant species have great relevance and roles in vernacular architectures and evidence a whole cultural conception, ways of connecting with the environment and exploitation logics. This paper aims at reflecting upon public policies related to the conservation of plant species in the Quebrada and Jujuy Puna. To achieve this, the role of plants in local constructive culture was characterized and state policies that have regulated these resources over time were reviewed. The ethnobotany classic methodology was used, with an intensive field work and ethnographic approach. Results show that the articulation of local and state criteria are the two necessary elements to guarantee the conservation of natural resources and the continuity of practices associated with them. It is necessary to reformulate the current regulations, which are restrictive and marginalizing of local traditions, and issue new regulations that control sustainable use respecting and promoting the traditional practices that characterize the region, in particular those related to the constructive culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Given the environmental effects of the different product for economic human activities, a cattle farming today warrants a new approach in which productive resources are revalued trees and shrubs as key elements for the design of production systems more efficient and sustainable. This paper presents the results achieved in research conducted in livestock production systems of the Patía River Valley of the Cauca Department whose objective was to establish a baseline of tree and shrub species with fitness forage utilization in livestock systems and installation of a seed bank on site. The study was developed from the recognition and primary data collection with the help of producers in the area, followed by the systematization and analysis for the identification of those species with higher occurrence and use. As a result, a total of 29 species that are currently being used by different arrangements in livestock systems. From the baseline established in this paper proposes some agroforestry designs that can be implemented in livestock systems in the area, thereby constituting a source of information for the formulation of future research proposals related to the field of agroforestry in regional ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A new taxonomic treatment of the genus Tragia from Argentina and neighboring areas is provided. At present 15 taxa are recognized and four of them are recorded for the first time for Argentine. T. sellowiana (Klotzsch ex Baillon) Muell. Arg., T. bahiensis Muell. Arg., T. friesii Pax et K. Hoffman and T. uberabana Muell. Arg. var. discolor Chodat et Hassler. The history and systematic relationships within the genus and with other genera are presented. In this paper a new infrageneric classification is proposed. Three section are accepted for South America: Bia (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg., Leptorhachis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg. and Tragia. Section Bia is recorded for the first time for Argentina; Section Leptorhachis, wich had been reduced to synonymy is rehabilited in this paper. According to this revision, Section Tragia includes Section Ratiga and Section Leucandra as synonyms. The most important morphological and anatomical features of the accepted taxa are discussed. Morphology of the inflorescence has been analized with the aim of establish its typology. A scanning electron microscopic study of the seed coat structure has been made in order to elucidate differences among the species. The taxonomic treatment includes a description of the genus, keys to the sections, species and varieties. All the taxa are described and illustrated. Data of the geographical distribution as well as a list of the selected herbarium material are given and 9 species and 14 varieties are reduced to synonymy for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the systematic study of the genera Calycorectes, Hexachlamys, Myrciaria, Paramyrciaria, Plinia and Siphoneugena, which represent the subtribe Eugeniinae Berg, in the Argentine flora The paper also present an enlargement of the area of distribution of Myrciaria tenella (DC.) Berg, which up to now has only been mentioned in the NW of Argentina. Paramyrciaria delicatula (DC.) Kausel is accepted instead of Myrciaria delicatula (DC) Berg, because this species has embryo with two plane-convex cotyledons and a circumcised, elongated hypanthium The new combination Plinta baporeti (Legrand) Rotman, is proposed for a species caracteristic of galleria forests The name Plinia trunciflora (Berg) Kausel has been accepted, in its author's true sense, for a species which up to now has only once been collected in Argentina. Descriptions and illustrations of every species of Hexachlamys, Siphoneugena and Calycorectes are given. Guapurium peruvianum Poir, remains as an entity of doubtful taxonomic position. It has been collected on many an opportunity, but its embryonic morphology is difficult to interprete because it shows polyembryos which, so far, have not allowed correct interpretation of this entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The anonaceas fruits, among them cherimoya, present high organoleptic qualities, digestive and nutritious values, Annona cherimola Miller species is appreciated too by its medicinal and industrial properties in the national market as international. However, ignorance still exists on their characteristics and potentialities like cultivated plant. The current paper presents a review of the basic information regarding cherimoya and discusses the importance of expansion and conservation of the same one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the low production of high quality forage and environmental issues related to livestock at the regional level, this paper shows a proposal for the implementation of tree and shrub species under agroforestry models in the systems of cattle production areas tropical high. The alternative use proposals are based on first identifying a baseline of 17 tree and shrub species with forage skill utilization in bovine production systems for cold climate areas of the Department of Cauca. The research was developed from the recognition and primary data collection with the help of local producers, followed by the systematization and analysis to identify species with higher occurrence, while the definition of criteria for use based on information provided by producers and field observations. Thus, agroforestry models shown in this document is intended to provide some basis for its implementation in the field contribute thereby allowing the use of trees and shrubs zonal more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes four ornamental species of the genus Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae): B. daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A.Berger, B. delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz, B. fedtschenkoi(Raym.-Hamet& H.Perrier) Lauz.-March. and B. pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, all naturalized in Argentina. The first three are new records for this country; for B. pinnatum, cited previously, its area is extended. Also includes an identification key, descriptions, distribution, ethnobotanical data, reference material and comments on their naturalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes nine adventitious species of Prunus (Rosaceae, Prunoideae) present in Argentina. A key is presented to differentiate them. For all the species, it is indicated scientific name, common names, description, geographical distribution, uses, material studied and observations about their status of naturalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the Zea mays racial variability and their relationship with the greater emphasis put on agricultural practices in the Southern Argentine "Puna" during ca. 1300-700 years BP, taking in account the archaeobotanical record of the sites "Cueva Cacao 1A" and "Bajo del Coypar II" ("Antofagasta de la Sierra", Catamarca, Argentina). Eight maize races were identified: Pisincho, Morocho, Morocho amarillo, Marrón, Harinoso Amarillo, Capia, Culli and Chullpi. This high biodiversity is a clear exponent about the introduction process of multiple maize races in the region. This process would have begun between the end of Formative Period in any moment among 1300 and 1000 years BP and becoming stronger in later moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an ethnobotanical-ethnoarchaeological study of different local landraces of Cucurbitamaxima subsp. maxima, Cucurbitaceae, was carried on. The aim was to evaluate if different qualitative and quantitative seed characters of these local landraces, as well as those which came from plants resulting from cultivation or husbandry, get together or not in different morphotypes which materially reflect the diversity locally recognized, as well as local practices. The construction of these morphotypes is proposed as a way to recognize local landraces and different forms of Man - plant interactions in archaeobotanical samples. Domesticated plants are the result of actions derived from selection criteria socially built and transformed, therefore they can constitute different morphotypes which act as carriers of social meanings. For this reason we believe that an ethnoarcheological ethnobotany which generates models to contrast in paleoethnobotanical work will be a good option. Macroscopical morphological descriptors commonly used in archaeobotany were employed together with new micromorphological ones. It was concluded that quantitative micromorphological characters are the most adequate ones to create morphotypes which correspond with locally recognized landraces and with husbandry practices locally developed upon vegetable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commelina congestispatha López-Ferrari, Espejo et Ceja, Commelina ramosissima López-Ferrari, Espejo et Ceja, and Commelina queretarensis López-Ferrari, Espejo et Ceja, are described and illustrated as new in this paper. The former is known from the states of Michoacán, Guanajuato and Querétaro, the second was collected in the states of Guanajuato, Querétaro and Michoacán, and the last one comes from Querétaro in the municipios of San Joaquín and Landa de Matamoros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the different ways of plant use among the Selknam from Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). In this paper we present the results obtained from the study of carbonized and non carbonized wood remains recovered at Ewan site, which was occupied at the beginning of the XXth century to celebrate an initiation ceremony. Results allowed a better understanding of the strategies of plant use in hunter- gatherer societies. The identification of the species used, and the analysis of their principal morphometric characteristics characterize the use of the "Ñire" (Nothofagus antarctica). This species, dominant in the surroundings, was used to build the dwelling as well as for fuel. For both uses, stems with suitable form and size were selected. Archaeobotanical results and their confrontation with the ethnographic data support the importance of vegetable resources within the socio-economic dynamics of the selknam society. Vegetable resources, beyond their use as food, were important in other aspects, such as technology, hut construction, fuel, and they certainly represented a considerable advantage in the area of the forests of the central zone of Tierra del Fuego. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first complete, floristic analysis of the Asteraceae family from an extense, endangered, subtropical area of Argentina, covered by the Misiones Province. This study reports 88 genera, 345 species and 16 infraspecific taxa of Asteraceae from the two phytogeographic units of Misiones Province: "Selvas Mixtas" District, and "de los Campos" District. Nine species are recorded for first time, and 23 are included as probable records for this area. This paper includes keys for tribes, genera, species and infraspecific taxa, as well as a short discussion about distribution of tribes, genera and habits in relation to political departments or phytogeographic districts. Habit, status, distribution, habitat, vernacular names, uses, and vouchers are given for every taxon. Thirty two taxa are illustrated for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveys around in La Paz bay were developed by the Program of the Marine Botany from 1990 to 2000 in order to characterize the mare flora of thee area. In this paper we present the floristic of seaweeds associated with mangrove habitats and nearby sandy areas. As result of this 13 species were determined widely distributed within the area, with only two species Caloglossa apomeiotica West et Zucarello and Bostrychia radicans Mogtagne were found strictly as epiphytes on Rhizophora mangle Linnaeus in the southwestern part of the bay. Among the species in the sandy areas, only Liagora californica Zehn is distributed inside the mangrove of Espiritu Santo Island. Another observation was the extensive proliferation of the assemblages Caulerpa sertularioides (S. y G.) Howe, Polysiphonia simplex Hollenberg, and Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey in Hooker in all the areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibiscus section Furcaria is a natural group of plants that presently includes 109 recognized taxa. Taxa are found in subsaharan Africa, India, southeastern Asia, Malesia, Australia, islands of the Pacific basin, the Caribbean, North, Central, and South America. The basic chromosome number is x = 18. In nature, ploidy levels range from diploid to decaploid. The taxa exhibit a remarkable amount of genome diversity. At least 13 genomes have been identified, some distributed widely and others with more restricted distributions. No modern taxonomic monograph of Hibiscus section Furcaria exists, but a number of regional studies have appeared that are essentially global in extent. Also, a number of studies of chromosome numbers and genome relationships have been published. The present paper includes a census of all the presently accepted taxa, the geographical distribution of each taxon, and chromosome numbers and genome designations of the 49 taxa for which the information is available. Important mechanisms of speciation include genome divergence at the diploid level, followed by hybridization and allopolyploidy, significant species radiation at the tetraploid and hexaploid levels, and the development of even higher levels of allopolyploids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitaria cuatrecasasii, a new species from Honduras, Panamá, Colombia and Venezuela, is described and illustrated. The taxonomic position of D. cuatrecasasii is discussed, and its inclusion in sect. Leianthae is proposed. A comparative table and some remarks about the related taxa are included. Digitaria californica var. villosissima, D. corynotricha, D. curvinervis, D. fragilis and D. sacchariflora are reported for the first time for Colombia. Digitaria aequiglumis var. aequiglumis, D. argillacea var. nulliseta, D. ciliaris var. rhachiseta, D. costaricensis, D. eriantha, D. filiformis var. laeviglumis, D. lehmanniana var. dasyantha, D. parva, D. sacchariflora and D. ternata are cited for the first time for Venezuela. Digitaria cardenasiana and D. villiculmis are here sinonimized under D. corynotricha, and D. aequatorienis under D. pittieri. The following new records for countries are included as follows: D. argillacea var. argillacea for Perú, D. argillacea var. nulliseta for Guatemala, D. curvinervis for Ecuador and México, D. eriantha for Ecuador, D. fragilis for Nicaragua and Panamá, D. lehmanniana var. lehmanniana for Cuba and D. leucites for México. This paper includes synonymy, iconography, geographical distribution and ecology, vernacular names, specimens examined; a key for the identification of taxa is also given. Eleven species are illustrated for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manfreda galvaniae, a new species from the Barranca de Malinaltenango, mpio. Ixtapan de la Sal, State of Mexico, is described and illustrated. It belongs to the Manfreda guttata (Jacobi et Bouché) Rose group, and is similar to M. pringlei Rose and M. fusca Ravenna. Likewise, the paper presents comments about the taxonomic status of M. malinaltenangensis Matuda, sympatric with M. galvaniae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mattfeldanthus H. Rob. & R. M. King constitutes one of the few South American genera of Vernonieae with zygomorphic corollas. It has two species endemic to northeastern Brazil that occur in "caatinga" and "campo rupestre" vegetation. The species can be distinguished from each other by several morphological features including the shape of their involucres, capitulum number, floret size and phyllary shape. In this paper the two species of Mattfeldanthus are described and illustrated. In addition, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus to other in Vernonieae are discussed and the geographic distribution of the species is revised to include a larger area of northeastern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper comprises a synopsis of the species of Alchornea growing in Argentina. These species are Alchornea castaneifolia, A. sidifolia and A. triplinervia, and one subspecies- A. glandulosa subsp. iricurana. A key to recognize the species and the subspecies, as well as descriptions, synonymy, illustrations and comments on the taxa studied are given. Alchornea sidifolia and A. glandulosa subsp. iricurana are new records for Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schwartzia is a small genus of 17 species distributed in wet lowland forests or montane cloud forests from Costa Rica to southern Brazil, and also in the Lesser Antilles; it belongs to the Marcgraviaceae, a Neotropical family. Three species are considered in this paper for Brazil and one of these is described as a new species. The three taxa are endemic to Brazil. Each taxon is described; a key to identification of the species as well as information on distribution and ecology are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behria tenuiflora Greene is an endemic taxon of the southern part of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. The wild populations are distributed in an altitudinal range from the top of the mountains at 2200 m to practically the sea level. In this paper we neotypify B. tenuiflora since the type specimen is lost. A detailed description and an illustration of the plant are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upper Papaloapan river basin is defined in this paper as the southwestern part of this hydrologic region situated above the 400 m contour line, thus embracing an area of approximately 21,000 km², shared between the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz. On the basis of a study of more than 900 collections of Bursera from the region, the existence of 21 species is documented. Two of these (B. graveolens (H.B.K.) Tr. & Planch. and B. hintonii Bullock) were previously unreported from the area. For one species the name B. linanoe (La Llave) comb. nova is proposed as legitimate for the plant known as B. aloexylon (Schiede ex Schltdl.) Engl. Three additional species (B. altijuga, B. esparzae and B. pontiveteris, all belonging to the section Bullockia)) are described as new. A lectotype is also designated for B. submoniliformis Engl., as well as a neotype for Amiris linanoe La Llave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Aristida is represented in northwestern Argentina by section Chaetaria with 23 taxa: 18 species and 5 varieties. Aristida nicorae sp. nov., A. victoriana sp. nov. and A. asplundii var. pauciflora var. nov. are described and illustrated. Aristida laxa var. longiramea and A. friesii are two new records for Argentina. Aristida achalensis var. tucumana, A. adscensionis var. bromoides, A. amplexifolia and A. mandoniana are considered synonyms. Aristida divaricata is excluded from the Argentine flora. This paper includes a key to recognize all species and varieties that grow in northwestern Argentina, as well as descriptions, synonymy, illustrations, geographical distribution and ecological observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a revised taxonomy of seven neotropical species of the genus Marattia (M. alata, M. cicutifolia, M. excavata, M. interposita, M. laevis, M. laxa y M. weinmanniifolia), based on morphological characters of the sporophyte, both vegetative and reproductive. A new and detailed description of the species is provided, along with synonymy, comments on habitat, geographical distribution and a complete list of the studied specimens. A key to identify the species is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portulaca rubricaulis H.B.K. occurs mainly in the Antilles but ranges from Florida to the northern portion of South America. Previously, there were only a few reports of its presence in the Yucatan Peninsula but a recent revision of the Mexican herbaria CICY, ENCB, MEXU, UCAM and XAL reveals that the species is widely distributed and well collected in the Peninsula's northern territory. Furthermore, some specimens from the southwestern part of the Mexican state of Campeche were encountered, suggesting the possibility that P. rubricaulis is currently expanding its range southward in the Peninsula toward the southern coasts of the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, in the present paper an identification key to the known species of Portulaca for the Yucatan Peninsula is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Digitaria is represented in Bolivia by 27 taxa: 22 species and 5 varieties. Digitaria argillacea var. nulliseta A. S. Vega & Rúgolo var. nov. is described and illustrated. Digitaria catamarcensis, D. ternata, D. setigera and D. aequiglumis var. laetevirens are reported for the first time for the country and D. laxa constitutes a dubious report for Bolivia. Digitaria gerdesii var. boliviensis and D. similis are recognized and confirmed for Bolivia and the following species are excluded: Digitaria neesiana, D. sanguinalis, D. violascens and D. corynotricha. Digitaria lanuginosa and D. setigera are illustrated with details and Digitaria fragilis is illustrated for the first time. This paper includes synonymy, iconography, geographical distribution and ecology, uses, vernacular names, specimens examined, a key for the identification of taxa is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Tibouchina, Melastomataceae, is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and includes nearly 350 species. Seven taxa are considered in the present paper and two of these are new records for the Argentinian flora. Each taxon is described and ilustrated. A key for the identification of the species as well as information on distribution and ecology is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During preparation of the treatment of Portulacaceae for Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes, it was determined that some species situated in genus Talinum require transfer to Phemeranthus, so in this paper the following new combinations are proposed: P. mexicanus (Hemsley) G. Ocampo, P. multiflorus (Rose & Standley) G. Ocampo and P. napiformis (DC.) G. Ocampo. In addition, the description for P. mexicanus is enlarged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a checklist of the vascular plant species found in the upper watershed of the Savegre River (2 000-3 491 m above sea level), San Gerardo de Dota, Los Santos Forest Reserve, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Alpine páramo vegetation, subalpine dwarf forests, upper and lower montane cloud forests, as well as man-induced montane vegetation types such as pasturelands, fernbrakes, shrublands, secondary forests and tree plantations, were sampled. A total of 626 species in 121 families have been identified. 123 species of pteridophytes, 1 of conifers, 385 of dicots and 117 of monocots were recorded. The most diverse families are Asteraceae (57 species), Orchidaceae (51), Rubiaceae (26), Elaphoglossaceae (23), Polypodiaceae (23) and Poaceae (19), while the most species-rich genera are Elaphoglossum (23 species), Polypodium (14), Epidendrum (12), Peperomia (12), Asplenium (9), Blechnum (9) and Ocotea (9). Herbaceous plants (including ferns and allies) comprise 56.2% (352 species), whereas trees, shrubs and climbers make up 22.4% (140 species), 15.3% (96) and 6.1% (38) of the flora, respectively. Of the total number of species, 19.5% (122 spp.) are epiphytes. Four species (recently described Asteraceae and Lauraceae, as well as an Asteraceae and a Cyperaceae as yet undescribed) are new to science. The upper and lower montane mature forests and the upper montane secondary forests are the most species-rich plant communities, containing 264, 267 and 227 vascular plant species, respectively. The richness of the last is the consequence of the presence of numerous herbaceous species originally found in páramo vegetation and subalpine dwarf forest, which migrated downslope after forest conversion in the upper montane mature forest zone. The great diversity of lower montane mature forests is due to the presence of species mainly distributed at altitudes below 2 000 m above sea level reaching their uppermost limit precisely in this vegetation type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Biológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper a taxonomic classification for the chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, that includes two subspecies: S. edule ssp. edule and S. edule ssp. sylvestre, is proposed. Additionally, wild populations of the species are documented for the first time for the states of Querétaro and Puebla, México, and distributional data for similar populations so far recorded in the country are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this paper is to analyze the Mexican coastal flora of the Gulf and Caribbean. Floristic and vegetation analysis of 44 beach sites comprising the Atlantic littoral of Mexico, revision of herbarium specimens (MEXU and XAL) and bibliography was used to obtain information. It was used to build a data base resulting in 655 species and 91 families. Species number per family and per site was obtained. Growth forms, species distribution in microhabitats, presence of species with different distribution or habitat preference (i.e. coastal, belonging to other vegetation types or secondary) are analyzed. Species frequency distribution along the Gulf sites is also discussed. Endemics and new records for Mexico are given. A synthesis of the coastal flora, its composition and problematics are analyzed, within the framework of an ecological point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Cyclanthera jeffreyi and Sicyos dieterleae are proposed as new. The first one is only known from a single locality in the state of Querétaro, and belongs to the species group of the genus with non-foliolate blades. It seems to be closely related to Cyclanthera dieterleana Kearns & C.E. Jones, from which differs by the presence of herbaceous-membranaceous, ovate-triangular, slightly 3-5-angled-lobate blades, with acuminate-aristate central lobe, corolla creamy-yellowish colored, and conspicuously pedunculate staminate inflorescences. The second species is only known from a few localities in the states of Jalisco and Michoacán. Although similar to Sicyos guatemalensis and S. parviflorus, it can be separated from them by the type and dimensions of the staminate inflorescence, partially free anthers, as well as the dimensions and other fruit features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a taxonomic revision of the South American species of the genus Piptochaetium. This systematic treatment includes a discussion of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the genus, together with a key to identify the species treated in 2 sections: Podopogon (Raf.) Parodi (13 species) and Piptochaetium (14 species, 2 subspecies and 2 varieties). For each species, a description, synonymy, geographical distribution, illustrations and photographs of the characters with taxonomical value are given. Some species, varieties or forms have been reduced to synonymy: P. panicoides f. subpapillosum, P. grisebachi, P. stipoides var. chaetophorum, P. stipoides var. parviflorum, P. stipoides var. purpurascens, P. stipoides var. verruculosum and P. uruguense var. microcarpum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pollen of Paspalum unispicatum (Scribn. et Mer.) Nash shows some anomalous types, such as: dyads and tetrads with partially divided monads, inaperturates, anomalous monoaperturates, biaperturates and triaperturates grains. In this paper the morphometric features of "normal" and anomalous pollen grains were compared, and their potential viability tested with aceto-carmine coloration. A comparative analysis of the pollen of upper and lower flowers showed that the abnormalities are independent of the position of the flowers. These anomalous types were also found in Paspalum decumbens Rottb., and Paspalum urvillei Steud. The anomalous pollen grains probably result from meiotic chromosome abnormalities in these tetraploid species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the interpretation, description and typological characterization of the inflorescences of the genera belonging to the tribe Verbeneae. These genera are: Glandularia Gmelin, Hierobotana Briquet, Junellia Moldenke, Tamonea Aublet, Verbena Linné and Urbania R. A. Philippi, all of them represented in South America. All the cases belong to the polytelic type of synflorescences. Florescences of almost all genera are dense spikes with decussate bracts. Only Tamonea has loose, spiciform racemes with disperse bracts. Floral prophylls are always absent. The heterothetic pleiobotryum is the most frequent branching form, present in Verbena, Glandularia and Hierobotana. Urbania and Junellia have monobotrya. Homothetic pleiobotrya characterize all species of Tamonea. Heteroblastic development of the branches can be observed in several species of Junellia. In these cases flowering can be restricted to the brachyblasts, a frequent specialization in woody plants. The heterothetic paniculiform pleiobotryum has been mentioned for several families of the Angiospermae as a primitive or central form, from which other forms derived through processes such as condensation, reduction and truncation. In Verbeneae this non specialized "paniculodium" is present in Verbena and Glandularia. Condensation of the florescences, to compose more or less functionally discrete subunits, appears in Verbena ser. Pachystachyae and Glandularia subgen. Paraglandularia. Reduction of the enriching zone occurs in Urbania and most Junellia species. Such reduction and decrease of flower number in the florescences could be related to the xerophyllous nature of these species. Truncation of the main florescence, such as the homogenization and racemization of the distal paracladia, have been produced in Tamonea giving rise to an homothetic pleioraceme. Tamonea shows few affinities with the remaining genera of Verbeneae. It differs from them in several inflorescence characters and gynoecial features previously studied by other authors. Because of all these characters, the place of this genus within the Verbenoideae should be reconsidered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]