Search

This essay studies the cultural consequences that the spread of paper money had in late nineteenth-century Brazil. First, I examine how these tensions are called into question through the analysis of a political scandal that took place in Rio de Janeiro, in 1900, concerning a two thousand reales banknote. Second, I offer a close reading of Machado de Assis' "Anedota pecuniária", a short-story included in Histórias sem data (1884). My goal is to interrogate the relation between paper money and the economy of credit work, and the narrative devices of literary fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study inquiries into the evolution of the concept of Security in the Chilean Defense White Papers published in 1997, 2002 and 2010. This work consists of a conceptual critical analysis of the texts in a comparative perspective. It focuses on five variables: definition of Security; definition of Defense; referent object; sectors of Security; definition of Threat. The results bring into light a process to narrow the reach of the military instrument; an increasing political interest to separate Security from Defense; an inorganic intend to incorporate Human security; and the displacement of Threat as an articulating axis of Defense planning. As a main conclusion, the concept of security evolves significantly according to the Chilean Defense White Papers. The relevance of this issue rests upon the fact that the conceptualization of security delineates the employment of the instruments of defense. The contribution of the study consists of disaggregating the evolution of the concept of Security to further understand the political modifications to the parameters of action of the military instrument in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the web tools used by two Colombian daily papers (El Tiempo, from Bogotá, and El País, from Cali) in order to interact with their readers. For our research we used a matrix to help us classify the abovementioned tools vis-à-vis the different extent of the interactions, the latter understood as the range of possibilities offered by the media to their users in order to modify, produce, and communicate content with both the original transmitters of information and other users. In the case of the papers herein examined, we found that, in spite of the fact that they do offer tools which in fact do bring about interactivity, the latter revolves around three main aspects: adaptability, browsing, and feedback, whereby the user remains at a first level (that of reading the texts) but is not yet allowed to co-produce the content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards the end of the colonial period the east coasts of the General Captaincy of Venezuela were the setting of an intense movement of ideas, papers and people, as well as of conspiracies and confrontments (both armed and unarmed). In that context emerged the figure of Francisco Isnardi, who would soon be imprisoned for alleged intentions to conspire. The study of this case of treason, especially of the suspect's library, which was confiscated, allows us to present a set of problems regarding the diffusion of enlightened values in Tierra Firme during that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article aims to analyze the legal position of the student movement of the time which dynamism the process of the pre- constituent who gave birth to the 1991 politic constitution, this towards the initiative seeking of a second presidential reelection in the Colombian constitutional system; the Constitution of 1991 was a tough race in constitutional control model and this participative exercise safeguard the Political Constitutional letter; the analysis focuses on the close execution plans to the High Court ruling roaches; the article seeks to generate a sense of reflection in regards to the constituent derivative and primary on this Colombian Constitution history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the key dimensions in the evaluation of a public investment project of environmental transformation carried out in Moravia neighborhood in Medellín, Colombia. The Sustainable Development Goals approach is adopted through a modified five-dimensional scale applied to 197 inhabitants of the area of influence. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models were used to derive first and second order models that could be used to define the scale. From the model, the identification of appropriate variables that can effectively contribute to the recognition of sustainable development to optimize the destination of public resources, as well as the sustainability over time of the projects for a better design of public policies are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to put the Robert Spaemann proposal's in dialogue with the management literature regarding the incidence of trust in company costs. Methodologically, the text "Confianza" by Spaemann (2005) is used as a guide, and a systematic literature review is conducted to explore the relationship between trust and its influence on management costs. For this purpose, a hermeneutic method based on the proposal of Gadamerian dialog is used. The main results show that when there is trust within the company and its surrounding context, there is a decrease in costs associated with control and monitoring activities, as well as the management of relationships with its stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different theoretical models on innovation processes, but little has been studied on the actual practices of researchers in these processes. This paper describes the role played by researchers in the framework of innovation and rural development processes by analyzing tensions between real and ideal practices. Fifteen researchers from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology in the northeastern region of Argentina were interviewed. The results show that models of innovation coexist in the real practices and in the ideal role described by the interviewees. The importance of generating spaces for reflection to rethink their role to enhance innovation processes is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centrality of opera in the system of 19th century music genres gave impulse to the circulation of a repertoire of plots, characters and melodies that permeated the imaginaries of Hispanic American literate elites. Romantic, positivist, decadent and modernist novels refer to the musical education of their characters, describe opera performances and, in some cases, include human types linked to its professional sphere (the prima donna, the tenor, the businessman). This paper traces the uses of opera erotic imaginaries and the representations of its sociability in four novels written by women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper rescues the forgotten Mexican poet Concha Urquiza (1910-1945) from three keys: the peripheral place that women occupied in the dominant literary circles during the interwar period; the use of religiosity as dissidence in the face of the crisis of the historical avant-gardes and the advent of the postmodern paradigm; and the construction of women's genealogies as a feminist strategy. This analysis reinterprets, through these keys, the profound meaning of her poetry as a modern appropriation of the mystical tradition. Also, two recoveries of Urquiza as mater: Cristina Rivera Garza's feminist reading; and Roberto Bolaño's affirmation of the modern as resistance, as shown in Los detectives salvajes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the long-distance bonding of two Peruvian women activists with the discourses and collectives of the First International Feminine Congress of Buenos Aires, the article focuses on the advances and setbacks of their emancipatory projects. A counterpoint reading between Alvarado's novel Nuevas Cumbres and the papers she and Dora Mayer presented at the 1910 Buenos Aires congress, as well as other non-fiction texts, reveals the problems they faced in forging the interclass alliances needed for the development of feminism in their country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a set of profiles of women written by Marta Brunet for the Chilean magazine Ecran between 1935 and 1936, published in her column "Alrededor de una mujer" (Around a Woman). This column was an important space for the divulgation and appraisal of artistic and intellectual activities of Latin American women of the period. The profiles are analyzed considering the medium in which they circulated. In this sense, I maintain that, unlike the female models that Ecran publicized on its pages, in Brunet s column the qualities of modern women were highlighted, with trajectories where work, travel and self-training were decisive for carrying out a personal and original project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tracks de concept of ability in Immanuel Kant's critical philosophy, as well as the transition to this period, to reconstruct its uses and its effects in subsequent philosophical discussions, particularly in the way in which the universal rational subject has been conceived. The effects derived from this analysis will be contrasted with some critical perspectives on (dis)ability and ableism to question the Kantian views and exhibit the productivity of an anachronistic approach that brings together the history of Western philosophy and the problematic present we inhabit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes, based on primary and secondary sources, the application of the doctrine of unconscionability in state contracts. For this purpose, the paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, some general considerations on unfair terms are presented. In the second part, it is exposed the scope of these clauses in the field of government contracting in Colombia, in particular, their purpose, characteristics and the legal sanction to which they are subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article focuses on the study of the Duty of Sacrifice in criminal law, aiming to analyze its significance in the contemporary legal framework and its implications in protecting individuals' legal rights. Using a methodological approach that involves a comprehensive review of legal principles and theories, the paper presents a reflection on how duties and rights are balanced in conflict situations. Key concepts such as the state of necessity , the differentiating theory , the right to self-defense, and the relationship between freedom and solidarity are examined. The main conclusion of the study underscores the importance of the Duty of Sacrifice in criminal law and its interaction with the concepts of freedom and solidarity, emphasizing the need to consider these principles in constructing a fair and balanced legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to justice is one of the main problems faced by consumers in the 21st century. In this sense, this paper analyzes the consumer's position in the face of new technologies and their access to justice. In addition, through a comparative approach, it studies the one-stop shop model existing in Europe and its possible implementation in Chile. Finally, an analysis is offered on the use of new technologies in the legal process and how they can improve access to justice for the consumer. In this way, it identifies the existing progress in Chile in this area, as well as the need to improve the consumer's position in relation to new technologies and how they can reduce barriers to access to justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hostile takeovers operate as a suitable instrument for disciplining directors leading to better company performance. Bearing in mind, what is the role directors should adopt when the transaction has no board's approval? Implicitly, Colombian Law adopted the board neutrality rule that forbids any measure able to frustrate the Bid. This paper aims to analyze the convenience of adopting this rule and propose guidelines to clarify its scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been limited research about the impact of ballot paper design in multiparty elections and effects of information or training over the invalid vote and the vote mistakes. This study was to measure the effect of training and ballot paper design on the probability of invalid vote and vote mechanism compression. There has been applied three quasi-experimental designs with different samples, the first experiment (60 volunteers) to design a post test and control group were the hypothesis was rejected because the training doesn’t reduces the likelihood of invalid ballots. The second experiment (172 volunteers) with a post-test design, a control group and two experimental treatments with different groups where the hypothesis of ballot paper decrease the likelihood of invalid ballots was also rejected. The third experiment (60 participants) with a 2x2 factorial design showed that the priming obtained through the instructional design of the on separate large sheet decreased the percentage of null vote even in cases where voters had no experience with the electoral system. The importance of the pedagogical ballot paper design and other items that are part of the voting system in the light of consumer psychology and behavioral economics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the current state of neoliberal capitalism, understood as an achievement subjectivity (synthesis of discipline [Foucault] and control [Deleuze and Guattari] that is catalyzed by digitality [Han, Berardi, Fisher, among others]), focuses on exercising a colonization over time as a structural and fundamental concept of human existence in order to deploy a whole system of psychopolitical devices that allow its systemic reproduction. To achieve this objective, the research has three moments; the first, which exposes the passage from the spatial domain of Fordist capitalism to the current temporal nature of neoliberalism, which produces a time dyssynchrony. The second focuses on explaining the defactification of the world as the loss of the human link with reality, directly disturbing the state of mind of the subjects by using a nihilistic weight. Finally, psychopolitics is exposed as a concept that starts from both dyssynchrony and defactification to position a suggestive dominion of the human psyche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at reconstructing the ontological conception of truth in Republic v-vi in the light of the predicative conceptualization of truth developed in the Sophist. My interpretative hypothesis is that in both dialogues Plato distinguishes truth from its conditions of possibility, in particular, its ontological basis. I will try to show that the ontological and the predicative conceptions of truth in the platonic thought are incompatible, due to their different ontological bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to identify the binding nature of the Committee on Freedom of Association (CFA) recommendations in the Colombian legal system. For that, it has made a study about principles of good faith and pacta sunt servanda, around the OIT Conventions 87 and 98, and the Vienna Convention of 1969, ground principles of the commitments taken at the international level, which are the fundamentals in the international legal system accepted by Colombia. To this analysis, we add a jurisprudential line of the Constitutional Court of Colombia related to binding the Committee’s recommendations on Freedom of Association. The paper concludes that the recommendations of CFA are binding in the Colombian legal system. If these are definitive reports, these are adopted by the ILO Governing Body, and these do not contradict the mandates of the Colombian Political Constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of providing public, empirical data on the psychology undergraduate education offered by the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina from a socio-bibliometrical perspective, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mandatory readings of the 22 compulsory undergraduate syllabi of the basic and professional cycles (N = 2572) at the psychology program, retrieving information on 12 socio-bibliometric indicators, and comparing our results with studies of previous decades. Our findings indicate a hegemonic and almost exclusive predominance of psychoanalytic texts and authors, a decrease in other theoretical orientations, in texts published in recent years and in papers from refereed journals, an increase in authors with a psychology degree, and a literature obsolescence of more than 35 years. We conclude on the legal and socio-institutional implications of such a situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on trust; and the effects of the last one on consumer loyalty during the health contingency due to COVID-19. A variance-based structural equation model is estimated using a sample of 72 consumers. The results show that CSR actions increase trust and, in turn, this has a positive effect on loyalty. The originality of this study lies in the way loyal consumers were identified, since loyalty levels prior to the analysis were considered, so that only consumers who reported shopping in the same retailing before and during the health contingency were taken into account, which provides a better approximation of the phenomenon studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the causes that lead university students to abandon their careers as well as the reasons that would drive their return. With the application of the Net Promoter Score (NPS) metric, it was found that 301 (69.95 %) of the 551 students who left the institution did not return. The economic factor (56.8 %), the academic organization (20 %) and health (13.6 %) were identified as the main causes of student dropout. Students would be willing to return if better technological platforms were implemented (27.2 %), if tuition and enrollment costs were reduced (31.8 %), and if a job bank were made available (27.3 %). Promoter (23.6 %), passive (34.9 %) and detractor (41.5 %) students were identified; the promoters are those who are willing to recommend the educational institution and at the other extreme are the detractors who are capable of harming the image of the institution. In conclusion, the intention to return to their studies depends on the type of student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to point out the advances in political ecology studies on hydroelectric power plants. For this purpose, a systematic review methodology of scientific literature was used, resulting in important reflections on four topics: accumulation processes linked to the development of hydroelectric projects; socio-environmental conflicts originated in disputes over rural territories; resistance mechanisms of affected rural communities; and institutional governance to manage conflicts. It is concluded that it is necessary to address territorial inequities of structural origin, which are deepened by the implementation of hydroelectric projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the importance that agro industrial innovation systems are gaining in developing countries, such as Colombia, a territory with an agricultural vocation by nature. Based on the above, first this paper presents an approach to the concept, Second, the document also presents the importance of intermediary agents in their synergy, who facilitate the processes of knowledge and technology transfer between the different actors of academia, industry, government and civil society, opening the way to possible alternatives, aiming at strengthening sectoral innovation systems from the economic, social, political and even environmental approaches. Taking into account the above, a literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science, focused on studying the role of intermediary agents in the innovation processes related to agroindustry from the perspective of a sectoral innovation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines a reading of the novel Sexto sueño (2007), by the Puerto Rican writer Marta Aponte Alsina. This paper's objective is to analyze the way in which a unique space of enunciation is articulated through two performativities: one legal and another literary. It involves a journey that takes us through places like the U.S. and Puerto Rico, in which bodies in transit are crossed, not only by legal and biopolitical practices, but also by various instances of experimentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between community and reparations is crucial to deal with violence. In this regard, to repair means to stabilize the social, moral, and political bonds that were damaged because of violence. Therefore, testimony is of great importance: it constitutes a biopolitical and institutional act to guarantee the rights to truth, justice, and reparations. However, concepts such as community, reparations and testimony have taken a new meaning in contemporary French philosophy, especially in the works of Emmanuel Lévinas, Maurice Blanchot y Jean-Luc Nancy. This new meaning rejects the sovereign and biopolitical community. Taking into account such a change of perspective, this paper examines, from a philosophical standpoint, the aforementioned concepts found in Nancy's, Blanchot's and Lévinas's studies on community, vulnerability, and metaphor. On that basis, the following thesis is sustained: the use of metaphors of damage in the testimonies of violence constitutes a speech of the irreparable (the wounded vulnerability) that reveals and creates an anarchic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This writing approaches the experience of suicide by use of Emmanuel Lévinas's concepts of the saying and the said, in order to show that the suicidal person is an invisible victim. The suicidal person needs not to be excluded nor measured in objective terms. They need to be cared for by someone who helps them to stay alive through philosophical reflection. Thus, the suicidal person will find in Philosophy a place to treat their soul. In order to build this approach, this paper in divided into three parts that follow a brief introduction: first, the relationships between suicide, subjectivity, and intersubjectivity are addressed, so as to show the importance of classifying suicide in the realm of the saying and not of the said, and putting forward the struggle of the suicidal person to be heard in the world of the saying, so that the care of the other prevails both subjectively and intersubjectively; then, the encounter between the saying and the said is addressed through the presentation of the notions of trace, wound, and the foreign experience; and finally, it is proposed that philosophy, when practiced as an embrace "among others", is a way to understand and to approach the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will show how a deconstruction of the body proper from the perspective of tactuality and self-affection (haptocentrism) must be completed by a deconstruction of aptocentrism, that is, the understanding of the body proper as a body I make use of. Both haptocentrism and aptocentrism understand the body proper as that which can be eminently appropriated by the living being, an understanding explicated in the Stoic concept of oikeiosis. Through a reading of Stocisim, Condillac, Maine de Biran, Rosmini, Husserl, Bergson, Marcel, Merleau-Ponty, and Michel Henry, I aim at showing how these different discourses are motivated by the ideal of life as autarchy. Hence, I argue that the idea of self-affection must be interpreted within the broader scheme of living beings as selfappropriated bodies. This paradigm of self-appropriation finds, however, its aporetic place in the body proper, for the body cannot be fully appropriated and represents the element of resistance and expropriation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the misgivings of some specialists, Avicenna is an unavoidable point of reference in the history of intentionality. This paper sets out to determine the way in which the intellect takes a position with respect to the reality of the objects with which it enters into relation. We address the intentional relation, focusing on the nexus between logic and ontology, and emphasizing the role of conceptualization and estimation in determining what is real and actually exists. The exploration of the structure of intention leads us to identify the relevance of the doctrine of essences as a fundamental presupposition for conceptualization and truth. The importance of Avicenna's theory of intentionality lies in the description of the reference to the object and in the description of knowledge as a process that advances from the known to the unknown, the various phases of which form the itinerary of essences. From this point of view, reality and existence are accidents that happen to essences. Esteem, conceptualization and assent are the capacities of the soul that make intentional reference possible. Finally, we identify some points of convergence between two doctrines of essences, that of Avicenna and that of Husserl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies two types of constitutionalism, understood as knowledge of the law established by the constitutional rights of the Constitution of Colombia and which it calls the (initial) moral reading and the (current) turn towards efficacy. Its main argument says that instead of complementary types of knowledge, an adequate understanding shows them as the exclusive alternatives that arise from our need to choose (between two readings on the way in which such norms operate within the judicial courts as devices of claim Social). For his defense it resorts to a strategy in which both types of constitutionalism are linked to the republicanism of Machiavelli (the fight for effective power) and that of Montesquieu (the fight against despotic power). This, first, to sustain that a moral reading in a comprehensive sense and in which the type of reconciling reason that Alexy works with operates would allow his harmonic understanding; second, that under political conditions such as those of the department of Córdoba (which Espinosa and García call institutional apartheid) it becomes inevitable to choose between undertaking the fight against the power deficit or against despotic power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the scope of the arbitration agreement in the Colombian corporate regime, specifically, concerning the application of the arbitration clause contained in a corporation’s articles of incorporation, to disputes with corporate directors. The nature of this paper is reflective, with aims of presenting the results of the investigation, from an analytical and interpretative perspective. The following methodological resources were employed: First, a review on applicable literature was undertaken in order to analyze, from a doctrinal and regulatory point of view, the concept of the arbitration agreement and its application in corporate disputes. Subsequently, the jurisdictional decisions of the Delegation for Mercantile Procedures of the Superintendency of Corporations on the matter were analyzed. Finally, the authors present some arguments that support the impossibility of applying the arbitration clause to the administrators without their express consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the criminal trials take a long time to complete in Colombia, largely because of the requirement of witness to authenticate documentary evidence. This paper addresses some of the reasons why such an approach to witnessing is unnecessary in most cases. Among them: i) Trial by jury was not created; ii) the representative nature of the documentary evidence makes it easy to identify its origin or its author; iii) representative documents, except those that are the subject of study or object of evidence, do not require submission to the chain of custody system; & iv) There is a precise regulation of the presumption of authenticity for documents. Considering these guidelines, the authentication of documents goes from being a problem of admissibility to one of weight of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thie main objective of this paper is the conceptual study and characterization of slow journalism from an academic and professional perspective. As a methodological process, a total of 76 files have been analyzed, of which 58 correspond to publications of authors from the academic world and 18 to journalism professionals. Thie publications come from the academic world on information and journalistic quality, on digital journalism and narrative journalism, as emerging journalistic routines with potential and creative dynamics in the media sector. Thie other part of the analysis corresponds to 18 professional journalism experts. Among the most outstanding results is the preeminence of the academic world when it comes to studying the phenomenon, given that among those who practice journalism there is less production of works in this regard compared to those coming from the university environment. Also in academia there is a greater profusion of denominations to refer to the phenomenon in Spanish, although both in academia and in the journalistic profession itself the most commonly used term is the Anglo-Saxon term slow journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te Ckunza of the Lickan Antai people inhabiting Chile, Bolivia and Argentina has been declared extinct. However, it is argued that reconstructing the elements of the grammar could facilitate its revitalization. Tis paper seeks to account for these elements in the ckunza of San Pedro de Atacama. To this end, a review of the phonetic, phonological, lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic elements of the Amerindian language will be provided. Tis analysis also informs about the agglutinative characteristic of Ckunza. Te corpus of this research comes from the samples collected by the pioneers in its study. Te aim of this review is to show the grammar of Ckunza, since its reconstitution will provide the rules that will allow the creation of new sentences that will contribute to its revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research-creation is a methodological proposal still under construction. It is surprising how the field of communication has been inserted in this discussion, although it was the faculties of arts, architecture and design who, at least in Colombia, initiated the debate that culminated with its institutional recognition. Thiis article makes a state of the art of research-creation in the Colombian audiovisual field, based, first, on a literature review and, second, on a look at the offer of postgraduate training in the country. For the review of scientific publications, the EBSCO and SCOPUS databases were used to retrieve documents in Spanish that included the terms "research + creation". Preference was given to publications containing reflections on the method or the conceptualization of research-creation itself. The final list contemplates a corpus of 65 documents, in which the levels that define the discussion are identified: epistemological, methodological and creative. For the review of the postgraduate offerings, the database of the National System of Higher Education Information -SNIES- was used, where the postgraduate programs that declared some component or emphasis on research-creation were selected. The analysis shows the approaches registered in the identified graduate programs. In sum, this paper aims to contribute to the discussion on the place of communication in the construction of research-creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te objective of this paper is to contribute to the current theoretical and conceptual debates that address the technopolitical phenomenon. Specifically, it addresses the processes of appropriation and use of information and communication technologies that the new indigenous movements carry out in the Latin American continent, whose central purpose is to confront the colonial matrix of power that governs the functioning of the modern-modern-colonial-capitalist world system. It is found that technopolitics emerges as a praxis of antagonistic struggle in contexts of intercultural conflict, which demands the design of research agendas that attend to the specificity of local processes that, "from below", dispute the meaning of interculturality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade there have been several debates about the relevance of online news comments. While some question the hate speech that is verified in these spaces, others highlight the possibility of exchanging opinions. This paper proposes a methodological tool to measure the quality of online news comments, using a sample of 300 comments on highly visible websites in Portugal (Público; Sapo), Spain (El País; 20 Minutos) and Brazil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). The results determine that commentators tend to use a little personal argumentation (82.3%), although relevant to the discussion in question (60.3%), with few grammatical errors (14.7%) or aggressive interventions (31.7%). Following the Online Comment Policy Evaluation Model (Known in Spanish as MPONC), it is concluded that websites with quality comment moderation systems attract more relevant and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes a reflective article arising from the research project entitled Learning two figurative uses in early childhood. Challenges and implications for education, funded by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana between 2015 and 2020. It analyzes the need for early childhood and primary school teachers to make a conscious and explicit use of metaphors and idioms in their classroom pedagogical practices, taking into account the linguistic particularities that characterize these expressions and their relevance for learning from early ages. Likewise, a proposal is offered that allows the incorporation of metaphors and idioms in the classrooms of these educational levels, in a gradual and increasing way, taking into account the pragmatic comprehension skills of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the articulation between decoloniality and interculturality, it is necessary to analyze categories that include, on the one hand, historical aspects and, on the other hand, power relations and asymmetries. In this way, the need to assume a critical stance from the concepts of culture and coloniality becomes concrete. The objective of this article is to understand how western knowledge has generated a project of modernity, through discourses in which the construction of otherness goes through different processes of assimilation and incorporation of the other. These condition the adjustment of otherness, according to the dominant social standards, from essentialist conceptions, which ends in processes of differentiation and discrimination. The method used is the critical documentary review. The paper concludes that decolonization poses the challenge of dissociating itself from knowledge that distorts reality, and must distance itself from rationalities that fragment, classify, label and generate rhetoric with which social division is reinforced and segregation and exclusion are legitimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the incommensurable and incommensurable nature of subalternity, which materializes a position without an identity whose intelligibility is complex, especially when we try to access the configurations of its ontopolitical schema. Subalternity constructs a binary opposition to the nation-state. It is necessary to fight for the production of new criteria of legibility of the educational and cultural subject. This problem is reduced to an obstruction in its ontopolitical and existential rules of intelligibility of a wide constellation of specific heterogeneous groups amalgamated through political, structural, relational, contingent and historical issues that determine their units of cultural legibility. The method employed is that of critical documentary review, organizing a critical corpus of review works derived from intercultural studies, subalternity and postcoloniality. Each of them are key to promote other types of epistemological performances in this regard. Among the main findings and conclusions, we note that subalternity documents a deeper methodological problem: we do not know exactly what the cultural and political agency of such groups consists of. The only thing we should not forget is that we, educators, are at the service of subaltern groups, our task is to learn from their environment, to become a disciple of their cultural space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependence Theory has been deemed as an obsolete approach for the study of Latin-American reality. The success in other peripheral geographic areas that managed to position themselves at the core of the world economy by the end of the 20th century apparently meant that the said theory was not valid anymore. However, the Latin-American countries are still not capable to correct the structural deficiencies that inspired the inception of the dependence, as they are still today significantly dependent on the raw material trading. This paper aims to resume the debate on the Dependence Theory in order to recover some valuable insights for the reflection on the current socioeconomic trends in this region. This work attempts, in turn, to redefine the most rigid and obsolete theoretical aspects of the Dependence Theory in order to underline how it influenced current development discourses. In this vein, this paper highlights the parallel facts between the Dependence Theory and the academic literature on development and primary resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bogotá Organic Statute --EOB, after the Spanish acronym-- set outs the relationships between the city central administration and its 20 local districts and provides the guidelines for a district-based decentralization in Bogotá. This paper gathers three viewpoints emerging from a recent research conducted by the inter-faculty research group at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, the "Urban Policy Group" that addressed the theme of the EOB. The main idea from these reflections is how the decentralization in Bogotá has been characterized based on the EOB, in relation to elements from different models allowing defining it as the result from a hybrid process. After a review of the EOB historic background in order to understand its origin, and, having explored the debates in the Constitutional Assembly in order to explain the different trends that inspired and brought it into existence as well as the political context back then, this paper provides a design of the decentralization in Bogotá and its particularities. This way, the characterization of the decentralization model in Bogotá is described as a hybrid process between the decentralization, deconcentration and delegation that sometimes favors the decentralization economic model and, sometimes, the political model. The final reflections lead to think that instead of "becoming blurred and/or modified" due to the effect of the planning and management devices that appeared later, it is the particularities of the "decentralization model adopted in the EOB" --i.e., its largely hybrid nature-- that allow understanding what happens when going from the guidelines produced by the city central administration to the formulation and implementation of the projects. This fact requires encouraging a more fluent dialogue between the central administration and the local districts to strengthen the spaces where the citizen's voice is present as a valid speaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper proposes a critical review of the mental health category, given the challenges of migration. Objective: To review the recent scientific literature on the articulation of mental health and migration categories. Method: 36 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. They were selected through a systematic process of searching for scientific literature in the databases Pubmed, Ebsco, Science Direct and Scielo. It was made a qualitative analysis to characterized and identified trends and particularities in research. Results: the approach to mental health is mainly focused on problems, symptoms and mental illnesses. The articles are eminently quantitative and specific to the health area. They were carried out in high-income countries that receiving migrants in vulnerable situations. It is observed differential effects between pre-migration and postmigration, and between men and women migrants as well. Other papers studying the particular impact on children and adolescents, or the role of social determinants in migration. Discussion and conclusions: the migratory phenomenon merits a critical review of the mental health category centered exclusively on mental problems and disorders. It is important to promote also a positive understanding of mental health in interventions with the migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide theoretically elements to develop health models and systems in Latin America. Its objective is to analyze the attention models and the most relevant configurations of health systems, with a special focus in Primary Health Care (PHC) based models. Methodologically, a narrative no systematic review was made in databases and Google Scholar. For this purpose, it was used the following keywords: models, configurations, paradigms, and theories/health. Papers with holistic information considered relevant and appropriate were selected. For the analysis, first, a hierarchic classification of the distinct approaches identified was made. Second, classic models defined in the literature were studied. Finally, a critical analysis about some models related to PHC in Latin America and distinct modalities of attention in the 21st century was made. With regard to the structured relationships necessary to reorient the health system, it was concluded that these must be grounded in PHC approaches, and oriented toward a "communitarian attention model" to organize services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American journals of psychology indexed in the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR), are generally edited by professional associations of psychologists, universities and private foundations. This paper analyzes the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, regarding the psychological journals in the area in which they edit. The methodological approach taken to explore the topic uses socio-bibliometric techniques gathering numerical data, and then using that data to perform analyses for a well-informed description of what the topic might be. The results reveal that journals, whose editor or co-editor was Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, have increased their visibility in recent years, in both, the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR= 8 journals) and that of the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR= 7 journals) with a greater citation count for its articles, and a higher number of views and downloads for the papers published in its journals. The conclusion is, that the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid was an effective one, involving the unification of certain rules relating to the edition of articles in their journals, the professionalization of editorial management, the electronic publishing with digital publication of journals and using the open access publishing model for scholarly communication that makes research information available to readers at no cost, as well as their integration in the list of international databases. Although a broader strategy concerning gender equality is recommended, the Spanish professional association of psychologists still stands today as the main editorial group of psychological journals indexed in JCR and SJR of Spain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts a renewed understanding of the concept of poetic reason, key in María Zambrano's philosophical writings, from a hermeneutical approach. Poetic reason might be seen in this light as a gateway to a different kind of rationality, one that might help to enrich its ontological and anthropological implications, and overcome the hubris that has been historically ingrained in this concept. The paper is structured in three parts: in the first one, an attempt will be made to show a reform of the understanding, which involves human life integrally, in such a way that reason transcends and makes it possible to understand the historical complexity of man and the urgent need to return to oneself. In the second, special attention will be focused on Zambrano's new humanism, based on poetic and merciful reason, as an antidote to the ghost of war. And the third section delves in the work Claros del bosque to point to the reader the three hermeneutical moments that they will possibly face when trying to understand the realm of poetic reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to articulate the way in which Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jan Patočka revisit the figure of Socrates as a way of overcoming what they view as the "crisis of philosophy", discussing both their points of convergence and divergence. To this end, the paper unfolds in three sections. The first section will address the general sense of historical crisis in which the said crisis of philosophy arises. The second section turns around Merleau-Ponty's proposal of a return to Socrates as a way out of this crisis, a solution based on the understanding that philosophy is actually fulfilled in a living relationship with men, and far from its reduction into a comprehensive system of thought. The third section will revolve around the Patočkian characterization of Socrates as a model of "spiritual man" and such characterization will be worked out through the existential dialectic that constitutes the "movement of life". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]