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State negotiations constitute the foundation for the development of each nation, relying on the acquisition of resources and services. Public procurement not only has economic and social impacts but also demands that public officials ensure compliance with the law. However, some of these officials have violated the legal principles of public procurement, seeking to obtain benefits, goods, or personal services without legal backing. In studies conducted in Ecuador, this phenomenon has been analyzed in relation to the variability of indeter-minacies that public officials face in interpreting regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing and defining the levels of indeterminacy present in the neutrosophic variable that influences the functioning of state negotiations. The use of neutrosophic statistics is suggested for modeling the study to detect indeterminacies of the variable in each dimension. Among the neutrosophic results, the misuse of government policies in state negotiation processes is identified as the sole criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper are studied two soil profiles from the soil map in scale 1:25 000 of the fluvial plain region Carrizal-Chone, in Manabi province, Ecuador. One of profiles is a soil fluvic Feozem by tree vegetation and the other is a fluvic eutric Cambisol by long time cultivated condition. It is studied the changes of the physical soil properties by the anthropogenic conditions, with changes in the soil structure, volume density, and the increasing of the dispersion factor. In this paper is demonstrated the change from a Feozem soil to a Cambisol soil because the long time cultivated action [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the behavior of Ecuadorian private banking during the period 2000-2021, using aggregate information on trends in the banking sector and accounting data for the main banks. Based on a heterodox theoreticalhistorical approach, we highlight the link between the neoliberal structural reforms, the banking crisis, dollarization and the transformations of the banking sector. The results highlight the fact that the operation of the Ecuadorian banking system under formal dollarization not only recreates well-known elements of former financial fragility but also introduces new variables typical of the 21st-century banking universe that are a source of instability and hinder the financing objectives for the socio-economic development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of this paper involves a crucial phenomenon in the analysis of the labor market: the description of adequate female employment in Ecuador. The present paper examines the relationship between the behavior of the female employment rate and the evolution of some of the most critical variables of direct selling firms in Ecuador, such as sales revenue, solvency ratio, liquidity ratio, and assets return. The panel data technique of dynamic mean groups [ardl (1,1,1)] was used to generate empirical evidence. It was found that the liquidity ratio, solvency ratio, and income of direct selling firms show an effect statistically significant on adequate female employment. However, it is considerably small, implying that the productive linkages generated by these firms do not tend to substantially impact the generation of better-quality jobs for women in Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is centered in valuing from the pedagogic didactic point of view the importance of the practical professional pre, and how through a systemic didactic work you can contribute to the development of professional abilities. For it, it is indispensable to discern the paper of the theoretical knowledge in the process of teaching learning practice, summing up the interaction centers the theoretical thing and the practical thing. In this analysis the methods configuration relationship were used, the dialectical one as system and concrete historical analysis when studying the practical professional pre in the Ecuadorian reality. Lastly this study ago a characterization of the main deficiencies of the practical professional pre and their incidence in the ways of performance of the professional futures in the universities of Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case of the private media confiscated in Ecuador at the beginning of Rafael Correa's presidency (2007-2017) led to complex economic, legal, and professional circumstances for the media companies and their journalists. This paper aims to share a broad and documented perspective on the origin and development of the issue at hand by combining three methods for its approach: the historical method, analysis of media policies and in-depth interviews. Implementing regulatory procedures to devise structures for adjustment and censorship towards private media promoted a media reshaping that resulted on the stockpiling of important nationwide media companies (TV, radio, and magazines) into the state-owned entities umbrella. These confiscations took place at a sensitive time for the banking system that owned several of these media, which had been affected by a severe economic, social, and political crisis. The legal actions filed by owners of the confiscated media have rendered it impossible to sell the companies. Furthermore, the precarious financial status turned them into undesirable targets for possible buyers. Out of the seventeen privates media companies owned by the government in 2008, only two are still active in 2023. The other fifteen companies went bankrupt or are currently undergoing liquidation. This measure, while advantageous for the political power, represented an economic and journalistic failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the methodological process to create a new Social Balance (BS) model. This was prepared for the Superintendence of the Popular and Solidarity Economy of Ecuador (SEPS). The SEPS is an entity for the supervision and control of the Ecuadorian popular and solidarity economy (EPS). This model was created wtih a fourfold functionality: control, supervision, transparency and good government. Although it is the Law itself that requires the preparation of this type of report and its presentation to the supervisory body (SEPS). Methodologically, for its elaboration, the inductive method is combined with the deductive and the analytical one, beginning the work with an extensive bibliographical revision on the logics of operation of the social economy as a subsystem of the mixed economy, on its principles, as well as on its foundations. All this enabled us to lay the theoretical foundations of the model and subsequently proceed with its development, finally obtaining a new basic Social Balance methodology. Together with the aforementioned methodological development, the article presents the model, its composition, as well as its validation through pilot tests. In addition, although it is not part of this article, for the information report, an information loading application was developed and a first request was made with the aim of raising a baseline of regulatory compliance in terms of social responsibility. by the supervised organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Chone parish of the province of Manabí, in Ecuador, the National Telecommunications Corporation of Ecuador built a fiber optic network for telecommunications services, replacing the existing copper networks, with very low speed and reliability. This paper presents the planning and execution project of this network, in which a qualitative-quantitative methodology was used, based on current telecommunications project methodologies. The problem was diagnosed through unstructured interviews and field studies. Consequently, the improvement in access to the data networks of entities and households in the area has had a significant impact on the activity of small and medium-sized companies, the management of services for the population and access to distance education offered by the different institutions of the province and the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic increased poverty worldwide. However, the mechanisms affecting its determining factors still need to be clarified. This paper studies this problem using a probabilistic model of poverty extended with pandemic incidence variables and applying logistic regression at the household level. For the case of Ecuador, we use the December rounds of the 2019 and 2020 National Survey for Employment, Underemployment and Unemployment (ENEMDU), the administrative record of the Covid-19 epidemiological report, and the administrative history of deaths. The results show that the pandemic’s impact on poverty was through the gender gap and labor market structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's football has been becoming popular in recent years, unfortunately in Latin America, more specifically in Ecuador, it is still a little seen sport and of low interest. This research paper seeks to analyze what role national televised media play in the development, growth and professionalization of this category of the most popular sport in the country, and the interest that Ecuadorian viewers have in consuming national women's soccer. Based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology, this research contains results of a survey conducted with the fans of the Ecuadorian club Liga Deportiva Universitaria, through the team's official mobile app; in addition to an interview with 4 Ecuadorian sports journalists about the current situation of the media with respect to women's football. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institutional climate is an element that affects the achievement of institutional objectives, this makes of it a topic of interest for its proper management within universities. For this reason, the objective of this research is to determine the influence of the management of the institutional climate on the performance of the teaching staff of Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes. In this paper two questionnaires were designed about both the management and institutional climate based on a Likert scale. These questionnaires are applied to students of the Basic Nursing course of Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, their validity were determined with the Alpha of Cronbach with values 0.874 and 0.839 for these instruments. As a result of the research, it is concluded that the management of the institutional climate and the performance of the teaching staff are mostly perceived as good, as well as their respective dimensions; and the correlation between them, which was calculated by the Spearman's Rho coefficente, was strong positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is an essential pillar for the economic growth and the development of the countries. The sanitary and economic crisis has had devastating effects in the entire world in the well-being of the children. The commitment of all the actors is required to be able to fully guarantee the rights of the children, to mitigate the collateral effects in them, especially of the most vulnerable ones, besides to prioritize and to solve the problems of connectivity, the lack of technological tools, the school desertion, which are the inconveniences that persist in this new school period 2020-2021 and that have left a debit and a decreasing in the quality in the education, that has being accentuated in the poor sectors and in the rural areas. This paper aims to determine the factors that influence negatively in education that needs of the use of technologies in this pandemic context in the Ecuadorian educational system. For this, we summoned a group of nine experts and their opinions were processed by means of the Delphi method. The gathered knowledge was represented by means of conceptual maps for its popularization among the education workers around all the country. There were problems like lack of equity, intrafamiliar violence, among others that affect the efficacy in education for children and teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach, the main goal of this paper is to analyze the productive effects since the arrival of the creative class to the pericentral neighborhood of La Floresta (Quito), a social group consolidated in the area during the Revolución Ciudadana administration (2007-2015). In the first part, a bibliographic review is carried out regarding the gentrification produced by artists, students, or the new middle class in general; and the peculiarities are presented of the constitution of the middle-class in Ecuador. In the second part, the results of the research are exposed, based on the analysis of census indicators, stakeholder interviews and a direct observation of land uses and its practices. It is concluded that the intensification of economic and social flows in the neighborhood supposes the constitution of La Floresta as a cultural centrality. A revaluation process that ends up triggering the displacement of the "social preservationists" and the consolidation of a "new creative class". From a multiscale approach, it warns about a possible revaluation process in the areas surrounding the cultural centrality, a cascade effect that could generate new gentrification effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how effective education institutions improve educational achievement, regardless of students' socioeconomic backgrounds. The paper utilizes a multilevel model using data from the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE) for Ecuadorian students in reading and mathematics. Findings show that between 31 and 52% of the variation in test results is due to differences between schools, thus underlining the importance of the compensatory effect of schools in promoting equality of opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the medium-term impact of influencers; prescribing figure who has gained notoriety thanks to social networks and where the minor has, on many occasions, a leading role: either for being content creator or for being the target audience for the messages. To understand the two profiles, on the hand, the communication strategies of the main youtubers are analyzed and, on the other, the perception of those who have been exposed to these for years are collected in three countries: Spain, Portugal and Ecuador. The data shows that young people have developed a self-imposed dependence on social networks, demanding content that, primarily, entertains them. On the other hand, Youtubers, despite their young age, strive to stablish their own transmedia narrative and appeal to fun to empathize with the audience and make their channels profitable. The young people analyzed do not feel influenced by these figures although they admit to following them and being aware of their news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]