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This paper deals with the first study on the construct validity of the GRS 2 Rating Scale for Teachers in Spain, on a sample of 348 subjects. A confirmatory factorial study, CFA, was carried out using robust least squares estimation procedures (WLSMV). A sixfactor structure has been selected that explains 66% of the variance. The fit indices of the model are satisfactory (CFI, .93; TLI, .93). Convergent validity (AVE, .66) and composite reliability (between .87 and .96) are adequate. This scale is the first validated in Spain and provides a relevant measure for the identification of high ability students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of an instrumental research project aimed at obtaining a questionnaire with good internal and external validity to measure educational management in Peruvian Regular Basic Education. A varied sample was used in the research. The questionnaire was subjected to various statistical processes that made it possible to achieve good internal validity of content, construct and reliability, as well as good external validity of stability and criterion. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the design and validation of the questionnaire on educational management presents good internal and external validity, which will allow measuring educational management in Regular Basic Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are validated questionnaires in Spanish that evaluate the factors that influence organ donation, but they are not designed for the open population or do not delve into various aspects such as the one proposed. Objective: Validate an instrument to evaluate the factors that influence organ donation in Mexico. Material and methods: Phase 1: Development of the instrument. Translation into Spanish of the questionnaire "Factors Inffluencing Organ Donation in Qatar", adapted by experts in donation and clinimetry. Simultaneously, the definitive version of the questionnaire "Factors that Influence Organ Donation" (FIDO) and the questionnaire "International Donor Collaborative Project" were applied to patients, relatives and staff of a tertiary hospital in Puebla, Mexico. Mind a week after 200 respondents. Cronbach's Alpha (AC) (internal consistency), Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (external consistency), and Phi (Phi) and Chi square Coefficient (concurrent validity in intention to donate) were obtained. Results: AC and ICC by domain: Knowledge 0.625 and 0.372; Attitudes 0.776 and 0.761; Beliefs 0.649 and 0.633; Intentions 0.126 and 0.123; Phi: 0.976, Chi square: 2.358 (p = 0.125). Conclusions: The FIDO questionnaire is valid and consistent to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and intentions in organ donation in the general Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of mental health and armed conflict, its characterization using reliable psychometric instruments has become a key strategy to assess its exposure. In long-time and low-intensity armed conflicts such as Colombian, evaluation of these events through reliable and validated questionnaires is less frequent. Some approaches have explored exposure to the conflict based on ecological measures, for example, scores assigned according to geographic location and according to the history of the presence of armed groups. However, current implies a difficulty in determining the level of exposure. For that, the same authors applied spatial and temporary criteria to generate typologies based on the level of exposure of armed conflict. The use of valid tools, scales, or instruments in the field of armed conflict is recent. The Questionnaire of Exposure or Armed Conflict (CECA in Spanish) has been developed in this study as a useful alternative to assess exposure to armed conflict from exposes individuals. This Questionnaire characterizes direct and indirect exposure to events related to armed conflict and the effects of this experience in their actors. Based on previous approaches such as the Extreme Experiences Scale (EX2) were developed CECA questionnaire, for that, a panel of experts was convened to evaluate each item in terms of clarity, relevance, sufficiency, coherence, based on the Delphi method. Using this method, several successive rounds were carried out with the experts, with the experts, guaranteeing the blinding of the participants. The strategy involved sending each expert the proposed instrument and an excel template where they would rate each item according to the criteria set out. The whole process was online and blind. In the event of disagreement between experts, the following Delphi round was carried out until the best agreement was found against the proposed items. For each item, the Content Validity Index (CVI) > .70 and modified Kappa coefficient > .60 were calculated to evaluate the agreement of the experts. Six items were eliminated from the original questionnaire of 38 items. The final version of CECA contained 33 items classified in 3 dimensions: direct experiences (11 items), indirect experiences (14 items), and outcomes in mental health (8 items). The content validation of CECA provides valuable information for researchers and specialized professionals in the area to make interventions in populations exposed to armed conflict events. This type of tool is an important and necessary advance for the area of mental health and the study of the impact of the armed conflict. Future research should address another type of validation of the CECA instrument. Among these, inquire about structural validity, criterion validity, internal consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used expert judgment to establish the content validity of a questionnaire that addressed five dimensions of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education: resistance to change, ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, and intention to take innovative actions. In the methodology, its content validity was determined by seven experts who assessed each of its items based on the following criteria: coherence, clarity, relevance, and scale. Their qualitative observations were taken into account, and their inter-rater agreement was determined based on the Fleiss Kappa and Aiken V coefficients, as well as reliability and internal consistency. The test results presented optimal validity and reliability coefficients. In addition, strong agreement (from moderate to almost perfect) was obtained in each dimension. Some of the criteria with the highest coefficients were relevance and scale, with a Fleiss Kappa equivalent to 1,000. In terms of statistical significance, all the criteria showed p = 0.000. Regarding internal consistency, the values obtained were above 0.989, which is considered high. It is concluded that the questionnaire is reliable and valid; can be applied in the Colombian context; and can be replicated in other Latin American nations to favor innovative education using ICTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation focused on provide evidence of construct, convergent and criterion validity, as well as reliability for the Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Scale (ESE) and analyze factor equivalence by participating groups: sex, age ranges, development stages, semester and universities. 1,525 students from two Mexican public universities participated. The version adapted to Spanish was applied using the reverse translation procedure, as well as the Social Entrepreneurship Scale (SEAS). The adaptation of the ESE to Spanish reproduces the six factors proposed by the original authors in a second order model that shows a good fit (χ² = 2.367, p <0.05), gl = 229, RMSEA = .08, SRMR =, 04, CFI = .95, TLI = .94, AIC = 81,521). It was found that business self-efficacy predicts 23.3% of entrepreneurship intention and presents a moderate correlation with SEAS self-efficacy (r = 0.48). In general, configurational and metric invariance was found in each of the groups analyzed (ΔCFI> -.01). The omega McDonald coefficient value was .94. The Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Scale applied to university students in contexts of poverty in Mexico is reliable, with evidence of validity and invariant for the different groups analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the results of the validation process of two data collection instruments on the inclusion of grandparent- grandchild relationships in Primary Education. Two ad hoc questionnaires were designed for the families of the students and the teachers (CUABU-F and CUMEABU-D) with the aim of assessing their conceptions of the roles and profiles of grandparenting and their influence on the development of school children's identity. From a quantitative approach and with an analytical design, the content validity was estimated through expert judgment, the internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha model) and the construct validity (Principal Component analysis) of both instruments. An instrumental research design that consisted of two phases was used. In the first one, seven experts participated, who judged the questionnaires based on a scale developed for this purpose. The second phase consisted of a pilot study where information was collected from 110 teachers and 72 parents of Year 5 students in the Region of Murcia. The results showed that the instruments had content validity in terms of their pertinence, coherence, sufficiency, adequacy, relevance and clarity. Furthermore, both instruments revealed fairly high reliability and adequate construct validity. These questionnaires allowed for the diagnostic evaluation of a project that promotes grandparent-grandchild relationships in Primary Education classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines teachers' attitudes towards professional teacher performance assessment and explores whether there are changes in direction and intensity. Teacher assessment is a key public policy to improve both education quality and teacher development. The Likert technique is applied. Measurements are conducted in the years 2008 and 2015 in samples of 812 and 827 teachers, respectively, from Santiago's Metropolitan Area (Chile). The results for the year 2008 show that the constructed scale has a reliability coefficient of 0.937 and a concurrent validity coefficient of 0.567. In 2008, 40.4% of teachers had negative attitudes towards professional teaching assessment. This increased to 43.7% in 2015. It is concluded that the implementation of professional teacher assessments as a public policy, in spite of its long practice, is only partially endorsed by older teachers at municipal schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To contribute to classroom assessment in social science, this article presents evidence of the validity of an instrument based on the Bear Assessment System to provide feedback on social thinking. The participants were 175 university students who wrote a speech about a social problem, which was scored according to a specific rubric. Recognized evidence of the instrument's validity was provided by judges' reliability and the instrument's internal consistency, in addition to the observed four dimensions in its structure in line with theoretical expectations. No relations were identified between scores and gender, and the evidence did not support the expected positive relationship with scholastic performance. The conclusions emphasize the viability of assessing social thinking as a multidimensional construct for providing feedback on learning. Ideas for improving the instrument are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of job satisfaction is currently approached from an integrative perspective, incorporating various classical and contemporary theories. In Peru, the post-pandemic period has brought about new labour needs, which highlight the importance of having reliable and valid measurement instruments to assess job satisfaction. The Generic Job Satisfaction Scale has demonstrated these quality characteristics. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale created by MacDonald and MacIntyre in 1997 and adapted by Salessi and Omar in 2016 for use in a company in Lima. Method: The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive, non-experimental, and instrumental design, with a prospective and cross-sectional methodology, and psychometric analysis. The sampling technique employed was non-probabilistic with a total of 300 employees participating in the study. Results: Content validity evidence was obtained through representativeness, and Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a single factor that explained most of the variability (54.57%) of the items with factorial loads between .54 and .94. The model was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and optimal results were obtained in the re-specified model (CMIN/DF = 2.24; GFI = .98; RMSEA = .64; CFI = .98; TLI / NNFI = .97; SRMR = .03). Reliability indices were high (a = .86; p = .86), identifying evidence of convergent validity with Engagement, with a positive and moderate correlation (p < .01, rho = .498; CR = .88; AVE = .52). Conclusions: Adequate evidence of psychometric properties was found, and general normative data were established for the study sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely used and studied instruments worldwide to assess the reasons for consuming alcohol is the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) based on the Cox & Klinger (1988) model, of which different versions have been made and have shown different factorial structures. However, in Mexico the psychometric properties of the DMQ and its versions have not been studied. Objetive. Due to the need for an instrument to assess the reasons for alcohol consumption, this study set out to adapt and study some psychometric properties of the DMQ-R and its different versions in the Mexican adolescent population. Method. The longest version of the questionnaire (28 items) was administered to 464 adolescents between 13 and 18 years old (M = 16.20; SD = 1.24), in this sample n=179 were female (55.1%). Results. Five different versions of the test were fitted. The only model that obtained an adequate fit was that of the short version of 12 questions, which also showed adequate internal consistency indexes (α = .88 y ω = .94). Conclusion. The short version of the DMQ-R-12 is an instrument that has shown adequate construct validity and reliability to evaluate the reasons for alcohol consumption in Mexican adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to validate a questionnaire to measure organizational innovation in assembly companies (maquiladoras). Using a quantitative methodology with a non-experimental design, a measurement instrument was proposed with three types of organizational innovation: management innovation, commercial innovation, and process innovation. All of which were measured according to 17 indicators. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 139 employees occupying administrative and managerial positions in 12 manufacturing companies located in Ciudad Obregón, Mexico. The results showed favorable values for Aiken's V, exploratory factor analysis, average extracted variance, and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. It is concluded that the indicators of the proposed questionnaire comply with content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validities, which denote an adequate initial validity to measure organizational innovation in manufacturing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows the design and validation of the set of questionnaires called IKasGral, the aim of which is to explore students' perceptions of the development of crossskills deployed in the Final Degree Project (Bachelor Thesis) in Education degrees (Pedagogy, Social Education, Early Childhood Education and Primary Education). The article describes (i) the validation process, which was carried out with five experts in the field and a doctoral student related to the subject; and (ii) the reliability of the instrument by 48 students from four Education degrees of the University of the Basque Country at its three campuses. Results were positive with respect to the index of content validity (0.81) and an internal consistency of over 0.6, according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability. This study concludes by pointing out that these questionnaires can be transferred to other contexts that share the same or similar aims and open up the possibility of monitoring cross-skills in the Final Degree Project subject for the Degrees in Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to estimate evidence of validity of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in a sample of young Brazilian athletes. The study included 308 athletes, aged between 14 and 24 years (M=18.5±2.35, 59.4% female). Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency indicators demonstrated the adequacy of the six-factor model (TLI=.94, CFI=.94, RMSEA=.04). Invariance analysis suggested the equivalence of SCS as a function of sex, at the configurable, metric and scalar levels. Significant correlations were found between the ability to work as a team and the positive poles of self-compassion, as well as trust with all the SCS factors, providing evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables. The results demonstrate the SCS potential to compose the evaluative instruments of sports science professionals who aim to promote healthy relationships with sports activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependence on video games implies a pattern of behavior that people have characterized by poor control of said practice, as well as the priority given to it over other activities, to the point of neglecting domestic or academic responsibilities despite knowing the negative consequences it could cause. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze the dependence on video games in secondary school students in the Peruvian Amazon. The approach was quantitative, the design was non-experimental, and the type was cross-sectional descriptive. The sample consisted of 356 students to whom the Video Game Dependence Test was applied, an instrument with adequate psychometric properties (validity based on content and reliability). According to the results, 43.5% of the students had low levels of dependence on video games, 37.4% had moderate levels and 19.1% had high levels. Similarly, it was determined that some sociodemographic variables such as gender and the number of hours per day spent playing video games were significantly associated with such dependence It was concluded that the students were characterized by showing low levels of dependence on video games, however, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures, such as making the potentially vulnerable population (adolescents and young people) aware of the risk of playing video games in an uncontrolled manner, and corrective measures, such as the identification of dependent persons and the development of intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good treatment refers to the ability of people to take care of each other. Research on good treatment has focused on social, health and educational fields. However, it has not been explored in the couple's case. The purpose of the study was to develop a scale to measure good treatment in the relationship of men and women in Mexico City and its metropolitan area. An instrumental study was carried out in which 800 people participated. Construct validity was obtained from an exploratory factor analysis. The scale of good treatment in the couple relationship was made up of four subscales: meaning (alpha = .95), reasons (alpha = .95), consequences (alpha = .97) and strategies (alpha = .95). It was concluded that good treatment in couples in Mexico is linked to the expression of affection, respect and care of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insomnia can harm daily functioning and is strongly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, especially in women. El Salvador has no scales with adequate psychometric properties for their measurement. In this context, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) is a viable option to measure this symptomatology, given its short length of time, solid theoretical foundation, and relevance in other countries. Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of AIS in the Salvadoran population, in its complete (AIS-8) and abbreviated (AIS-5) versions. Method: The study consisted of 1479 Salvadoran adults from the 14 departments of the country (mean age = 33.3 years, SD = 11.7) who were screened through a non-probability sampling design. Evidence of reliability, validity based on internal structure, and convergent validity were examined. Results: Both scales showed adequate internal consistency, validity based on internal structure through a one-factor structure, invariance between sexes, and convergent validity with depression, anxiety, and stress scales. Conclusions: Both versions have adequate psychometric properties. Shared covariances and partial mismatch indexes suggest the need to analyze its cultural adequacy. Despite this, there is sufficient evidence to support its usefulness in evaluating symptoms of non-organic insomnia in the Salvadoran population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study proposes the Spanish adaptation and validation of the operational criteria OPCRIT checklist for psychotic disorders 4.0. This instrument provides a diagnosis based on several diagnostic systems. Materials and methods. The original inventory was translated into Spanish and then back-translated into the original English language. We tested the criterion-validity, the concurrent validity and the inter-rater reliability from a sample of 106 clinical records of adult patients from a local community mental health center. Results. The data obtained demonstrated the validity and reliability of the OPCRIT 4.0 adaptation in the evaluation of the sample of medical records. Conclusions. The OPCRIT 4.0 Spanish adaptation and validation provides a fast, reliable, and useful system allows the diagnosis of psychotic disorders through different classification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of study habits of secondary level students at the Juan Bautista La Salle Educational Institution in Tingua, Ancash, Peru. It is a basic, descriptive, non-experimental and transactional investigation. The population consisted of 92 students who were evaluated with the Study Habits Inventory (IHE) of Fernández), whose psychometric properties were adequate, the content validity determined by the coefficient V of Aiken = 1.00 and the reliability was determined by internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.87. The results indicate that 60.87% have a medium level of study habit; 55.43% have a distribution of time for the average study; 59.78% have a medium level of motivation; and 59.78% present a medium level of distractors. Concluding that there are predominantly average or normal study habits, which impact on motivation and school performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of standardized achievement tests has expanded throughout the school setting, yet clarity is lacking on the form of usage and the conditions under which they are administered. This article presents a study of a low-stakes assessment program implemented in approximately 200 schools in Chile. Based on a qualitative focus, thirty-three interviews were conducted with the directors of schools, school networks, and educational programs that contract such assessments. The results permit a description of the use of standardized tests according to user profiles and the conditions that favor or hinder their usage, revealing the existence of pedagogical and school improvement uses, as well as situations of underutilization. Lastly, the implications for school policy and practices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: loneliness in family caregivers is a frequent experience due to the demands of caring for a chronically ill person. Objective: to determine the face and content validity of the UCLA in family caregivers of people with chronic disease. Method: psychometric study of face and content validation of the UCLA scale. Experts in the field participated in the content validation and the items were assessed in terms of clarity, redundancy and relevance. The Lawshe index modified by Tristan was the statistic used for analysis. For face validation, family caregivers of people with chronic disease participated in a cognitive interview and the areas of comprehension, retrieval, judgment, adequacy of response options and question content were analyzed. Results: content validity: 9 of 18 items of the UCLA scale presented adjusted CVI higher than 0.8. Item 8 presented an adjusted CVI of 0.66, which required analysis and semantic adjustment by the validation committee. Regarding face validity, from the cognitive interview process it was evidenced that for all items 86% or more of the participants reported adequate comprehension, retrieval, judgment and appropriateness of the items. After qualitative analysis of the responses, item 7 required semantic adjustment. Conclusions: the UCLA scale has acceptable content and face validity for its use in caregivers of people with chronic disease in Colombia. A semantically adjusted version of the instrument is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Academic engagement refers to the predisposition that students must actively participate in university life, attending classes, turning in work on time, and following teachers' instructions. There is evidence that shows that academic engagement positively predicts student success. For this reason, its evaluation is of great relevance for university education when designing pedagogical practices that stimulate student engagement. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) into Spanish, considering linguistic and cultural differences in three Spanish-speaking countries. Methods: 921 university students from Spain, Argentina and Uruguay participated in the study. The USEI, which consists of 15 statements grouped into three dimensions of engagement -behavioral, cognitive, emotional-was administered. Results: After three translators made the linguistic adaptation of the instrument, nine expert judges analyzed the content of the items, retaining as a result the totality of the items. Subsequently, the internal structure of the instrument was analyzed and verified -confirmatory factor analysis, cross-validation, factorial invariance, internal consistency-. Adequate evidence of concurrent external validity between USEI dimensions and learning approaches was also obtained. Conclusion: A Spanish version of the USEI was obtained with adequate psychometric properties that can be used in the field of application with the purpose of identifying students' academic engagement and proposing actions aimed at improving their learnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rumination leads students to show negative and depressive moods of long duration and of great magnitude, affecting anxiety that are stimulated by an over-activation of the nervous system as a receptor for the spontaneous problems that precede it. Methods: For the present study, a non-experimental design was used with a population of 850 university students of both sexes. Likewise, the instruments used were subjected to content validity with experts from the study area and the reliability was Cronbach's Alpha, with a value of .852 for the rumination variable, interpreted as high reliability and with adequate internal consistency. Results: The hypothesis test analysis was ordinal logistic regression. The results indicated that rumination affects the anxiety of university students, because the proposed model explains 93.5% of the dependent variable student anxiety and reflective thinking, with Wald = 796.558 and p = 0.000 <0, 05; better predicts anxiety in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the primary objectives of higher education is to train researchers capable of providing solutions to specific problems. In this task, there are a series of events that need to be elucidated. The purpose of the research work was to explain the factors that determine cognitive research abilities. The study was developed with a mixed approach and a concurrent triangulation design that allowed corroborating qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously. The sample consisted of 303 university students from a public institution to whom two questionnaires were applied linked to factors that determine cognitive abilities in research, which were subjected to construct validity through the exploratory analysis of the factor with the theta coefficient (θ = 0.790) and omega (ω = 0.778); while, in the case of investigative capacities, it was theta (θ = 0.650) and omega (ω = 0.692). Both cases showed an acceptable level of reliability. The semi-structured interview was used for experts and students. The factor that determined the research capacity was the orientation of the teacher of the research methodology in 29% and the initial research training factor in 16%; while the factor that did not determine the investigative capacity was research ethics. 32.3% of the students have developed research skills of reflection, specifically, in the search, choice and argumentation of the background of the research work and the problematic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to adapt the Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP) scale for Brazil, investigating the psychometric qualities of the instrument. Two studies with participants from different Brazilian states were conducted. In study 1 (n=242), the ASP was adapted and exploratory factor analysis was performed, which suggested a unifactorial structure. In Study 2 (n=225), confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate indicators and satisfactory reliability, in addition to gathering evidence of convergent validity for the ASP with the Dark Triad and cyberstalking. The ASP presented evidence of validity and reliability, constituting a useful tool for researchers who seek to identify the correlates of the sadistic personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of ICT in Higher Education is present in international and national policies; in contextual moments where distance and asynchronous education is prioritized, it is urgent to identify the competences in university students. This research sought to validate in the Mexican population a scale to evaluate the frequency of use and function of ICTs and the educational contexts in which they are used, that supports knowledge about their strengths and areas of opportunity. The methodology was quantitative and divided into two phases: 1) descriptive study to design and pilot the scale; and 2) validation of the final version of the instrument with 390 students from three states of the country. From the analysis of descriptive studies, normality, construct validity (factor analysis) and reliability, the instrument was make up of two components: a) 26 items distributed in 4 factors that measure frequency of use and function; and b) 8 multiple - choice items to identify educational contexts of use. This scale explained 42.7% of the variance, with a global Cronbach Alpha of .91. The use of reliable assessment tools in higher education, will facilitate the intervention and the development of psycho - educational strategies for the acquisition of ICT skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the validation of an instrument for the measurement of trait emotional intelligence. More specifically, the instrument validated is the CDE-A35, an adult emotional development questionnaire elaborated from the pentagonal model of emotional competence. Various studies have been carried out to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the instrument. These include the calculation of the questionnaire’s internal consistency coefficient, factor studies (AFC and AFE), correlation studies with other measures of emotional intelligence, social skills and personality, and a regression study. The present validation suggested the suppression and relocation of some elements, leading to a definitive instrument consisting of 35 items organized within five factors: emotional awareness, regulation, social skills, emotional autonomy and life and well-being skills. These five factors coincide with the dimensions of emotional competence in the theoretical model. The remarkable correlations with other emotional intelligence tests (TEIque and CTI), as well as with the dimensions of the personality test NEO-FFI and with the Inventory of Social Skills (EHS), confirmed its convergent validity. Furthermore, the regression analysis performed confirmed the incremental validity of the CDE-A35 over other tests already established. The CDE-A35 is a sound theoretically-based questionnaire with rigorous psychometric characteristics, and is therefore considered optimal for evaluating trait emotional intelligence in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research work was to determine the current technical methods and procedures used in the documentary analysis of historical photographs, through a bibliographic review of specialized information on the subject. Information searches were performed in different databases (both subscribed and free), directories, repositories, academic social networks, and content aggregators. As a result, the determination of eleven methods of documentary analysis applied to historical photography, which are grouped into four macro models according to their characteristics. In addition to this, it was possible to identify the data that constitute the state of the art of the subject and which are the elements and technical procedures used in the process of organization and classification of historical photographs. In conclusion, the procedures applied to the documentary analysis of historical photographs are essential for this resource, since thanks to it is possible to recover the information contained in it, and it also gives validity to its content, which guarantees that its use as a documentary source is reliable and a great contribution to knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of constructing a scale to measure the Depression facet according to the Five Factors Model is presented. A review of the theoretical and operational definitions of relevant authors of this model was carried out. Then 15 initial items were elaborated, 3 of which were eliminated by expert judges. The retained items were administered to 1222 adults of the general population residing in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, Argentina (50.8% women, mean age = 33.2 years and SD = 11.8 years). A random selection of 35% of cases was made to reduce the instrument with an Exploratory Factor Analysis. The remaining 65% was used to corroborate the internal structure with a Confirmatory Factor Analysis and to fit the Graded Response Model of the Item Response Theory. The results show that the 10 items of the final version form a one-dimensional structure with adequate internal consistency. Evidence of concurrent validity is provided with EPQ-RA and SCL-90-R. The Test Information Function reveals that the scale measures with constant high reliability over a wide range of the trait. It is concluded that the scale allows a satisfactory assessment of individual differences in the tendency to experience depressive affects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of design and validation of the content and structure of a tool for the analysis of gender stereotypes applicable to feature films, short films, and television series, both realistic and cartoonish, is presented. The model is called EG_5x4 and consists of five dimensions (corporal, attitudinal, social, affective-sexual, and audiovisual), being novel because of its distribution into four pairs of items per category. The methodological process began with the writing, based on previous instruments on gender stereotypes, of a draft of the items, which were distributed in dimensions and organized in pairs to be able to independently relate each statement to the male and/or female gender. This draft was evaluated by 35 experts (inter-judge validation). The global results of this phase determined the objective validity of the construct (CVI of 0.709 points). The qualitative contributions were considered, and the final writing and design of the instrument was reviewed, being applied to the analysis of 23 animated films. The coincidence in the items (analyzed separately by two researchers) and the wealth of nuances in the results led to the conclusion that the EG_5x4 instrument is valid and reliable for analysis of gender stereotypes in the audiovisual field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article develops a challenge to the construct validity of bribery experiments, consisting in the fact that social motivations do not merely supervene on the intrinsic characteristics of individuals, but rather depend on contextual factors, in this case normative, that give content to those motivations. The theoretical deficit presented by the bribery construct is evidenced in an incomplete theorization of such a normative dimension in the operationalization of the bribery construct, which translates into a lack of operations representing the normative dimension at the concrete level of the parameterization and empirical correlates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ibero-American Code of Judicial Ethics establishes that the impartial judge is the one who pursues the truth of the facts with objectivity and based on proof. In understanding the purpose of the ex officio test, you must have clear basic aspects about the validity of this test; A contradiction is required, either by the plaintiff or by the defendant, and most importantly, that the ex officio test is conducive and relevant for it to be concretely applicable in a specific case. The purpose of the informal evidence is related to the need for it, it will be absolutely necessary when the purpose is to clarify the facts that are the subject of the dispute, of course, for the decree and assessment of it there must be an evident evidentiary insufficiency . To the evidentiary insufficiency must be added the evidentiary dose, whose relationship has to do with the absolute relevance of the evidence and its demonstrative capacity. la cui relazione ha a che fare con l’assoluta rilevanza del test e la sua capacità dimostrativa. Le prove d’ufficio nel processo giudiziario hanno una relazione diretta con i principi del diritto probatorio, ad esempio: per quanto riguarda l’efficacia delle prove possiamo vedere che le prove informali hanno una connotazione con le altre prove esistenti e che sono regolate in nel nostro sistema legale, tutte le prove devono essere orientate per dimostrare le ipotesi fattuali che supportano gli effetti legali che sono destinati a scatenare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the efforts in the last decades to know resilience in-depth, there are methodological problems in its study. In this sense, the present article aimed to determine the SV-RES Resilience Scale’s face validity and content validity in Cuban caregivers of hospitalized patients with motor disabilities. The face validity was analyzed to explore the applicability and feasibility of the instrument based on a qualitative analysis of the answers given by 15 subjects who made up the pilot test. To determine de content’s validity, we used the Content Validity Index; in fact, the sample consisted of 11 experts. In both cases, the sample was non-probabilistic by convenience. As a result, we found that the sociodemographic characterization of the caregivers was in agreement with previous studies. When validating the appearance, the main difficulties were related to the scale’s length and the comprehension of certain items. There was evidence of content validity by obtaining results close to unity. Resilience is currently one of the most studied variables due to its implications for human health, requiring scientific rigour in its evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Smartphone is used for multiple purposes, both professional and personal ones. Its versatility, the normalization and the generalization of its use can generate dysfunctional or even addictive behavior. An emerging problem necessitates the development and review of instruments to evaluate the person-Smartphone interactions. Aim. To analyze the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Method. Instrumental study with 328 Peruvian university students with ages between 17 and 41 years old (79.6% women; M = 28.48 SD = 4.23). The Smartphone Dependence and Addiction Scale (SAS) was applied. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis showed better fit indices (CFI = .930; RMSEA = .072, CI90% .065- .079; WRMR = 1.220) for the unidimensional model with 23 items of the SAS, and good construct reliability (ω =. 934). Conclusion. SAS has adequate psychometric properties for the measurement of smartphone addiction in Peruvian university students, indicating a 23-item unidimensional instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the design and validation of the situational judgment test of socioemotional competence development in young people (SCD-Y), a copyleft psychoeducational instrument for use with young people aged 12 to 18 years. The test presents five scenarios from everyday life which represent different problematic situations. Interviews were held with 117 young people in order to elaborate the different response options. Seven experts assigned response options to dimensions which had been initially proposed at an earlier stage. In addition, 11 experts assigned discrete scores to each response option. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on data from 1,227 students attending 12 schools. Test-retest reliability was examined using data from 123 students. Convergent validity was tested using a sample of 215 students who also completed the TMMS-24 and STEM_Y tests. The SCD-Y is a promising psychoeducational evaluation instrument. Notably, it was generally accepted and positive evaluated by teachers, with validity and reliability outcomes also being acceptable up to the present date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communication Technologies were the key to the emergence of the Third Industrial Revolution in the 1950s. Since its inception and to date, they have been consolidated as a differentiating factor in strategic management and in obtaining competitive advantages in industry and commerce. In the health sector, research on technologies and competitiveness does not show the same growth, with theoretical and practical gaps in their analysis and measurement. The objective was to analyze the impact that Information and Communication Technologies have on the competitive performance of health institutions in Ensenada, Baja California, through the Principal Component Analysis. The research is quantitative, with correlational scope and experimental design. The sample used is representative of the population under analysis and the application of questionnaires made it possible to obtain the data. Two questionnaires were applied to health professionals (n = 203) and to patients (n = 271), the reliability and construct validity of the measurement instruments were determined, and the data obtained were analyzed to reach conclusions. The results obtained showed that Information and Communication Technologies constitute a competitive performance factor in health. In addition, they have a favorable impact on the improvement of the medical care process, the quality and the times of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study shows an exploratory experience of validation of an instrument for measuring the level of financial culture in the Millennial Generation. The instrument was developed based on 25 items in accordance with the Likert Scale, aimed at university students in the last year of the degree and recent graduates. Through the validity of content by 16 expert judges and the factor analysis, an exploratory exercise of content validity was achieved, allowing an analysis of each of the items to be established based on the level of financial culture. The degree of reliability of the instrument obtained through Cronbach's Alpha, showed a statistic of (0.681), so it is established that it has a level (0.592) of reliability, which means that the content of the instrument can be used for data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the methodological design followed for the analysis of the validity and reliability of a matrix whose purpose is to allow the territories to self-assess their degree of potential competence for the achievement of objectives linked to local development. A descriptive study design was followed to validate concepts, dimensions and indicators and to validate multidimensional scales through factor analysis and construct validity. The quantitative analysis carried out combined with qualitative contributions from experts, concludes that the matrix is a valid and reliable instrument for its purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most common instruments used in the world to measure mindfulness is the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Due to this scale has not been translated and adapted to Spanish, the purpose of this research was to examine the construct validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity in a Mexican sample. Method: The sample included 485 participants (145 men and 350 women). Results: Results found in this research revealed a good reliability of the general scale It was confirmed that the four dimensions of this inventory are significant factors of mindfulness. Regarding the confirmatory factor analysis, results showed that data fitted properly to the four factors model. Conclusion: In conclusion, this inventory is a valid and reliable instrument to measure mindfulness in general Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Templer's Death Anxiety Scale is one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating death-related anxiety. However, this scale has never been adapted in South America. Thus, the present study examined the psychometric properties of this scale in an Argentinean sample. An intentional sample was constituted, comprising 859 emerging adults from Buenos Aires, Argentina (30% male, aged 18 to 30 years). All participants completed Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, the Anxiety and Depression Scales of Lovibond and Lovibond's DASS-21 Scale, Meyer et al.'s Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out, resulting in a two-factor structure that proved to be more appropriate than the scale's one-factor structure. Also, internal consistency, composite reliability, and test/retest consistency were found to be satisfactory. Regarding concurrent validity, correlations were observed between the scale and measures of anxiety, depression, and worry--small and medium sized rs ranging from 0.28 to 0.48--. These results suggest that this preliminary version of the scale showed evidence of validity and reliability in Argentina. In the discussion, the implications of these findings are analysed and suggestions for future research are made; for instance, studying the scale's properties in other South American countries and evaluating its concurrent validity with other measures of death anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The methodological tutor is conceived as a person with research experience, contribution of constructive ideas, knowledge and inclined to collaborate with other people. He or she should facilitate the carrying out of relevant research, of high academic level and social commitment, without losing sight of interpersonal relationships in various settings and contexts. Having an instrument that allows evaluating the perception of methodological tutoring can benefit not only tutors in the objective evaluation of their work, but also education coordinators to identify areas of opportunity to strengthen this process. The purpose of this research is to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire to assess the perception of methodological tutoring in Medical Specialization courses. Method: A quantitative study with an analytical cross-sectional design was carried out at the Center for Educational Research and Teacher Training of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guanajuato Delegation. For content validity, five experts participated. For the pilot test, a nonprobabilistic sample of 94 resident physicians who were in the last year of the medical specialty and who had their research project concluded and registered were selected. The content validity was determined qualitatively by expert round and quantitatively, using the Lowshe index. Construct validity was performed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability, with the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The research is attached to the ethical principles established in the General Health Law and its regulations, as well as in the Declaration of Helsinki in its latest revision. It was registered in the IMSS Local Research Committee 1008. Results: The content validity was determined by expert judgment, considering that the questionnaire is clear, sufficient, coherent and relevant. Likewise, a Lowshe Index of 0.99 was obtained. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.97 overall (0.92 for personal and socio-emotional competencies and 0.96 for competencies to socialize and facilitate the research process). The EFA allowed the identification of a two-factor structure (with a KMO sample size adequacy measure of 0.876, a significant Bartlet sphericity test [p = 0.001] and a correlation between variables > 0.6). The questionnaire was made up of 21 items, with two factors: Personal and socio-emotional skills of the tutor and skills to socialize and facilitate the research process, with 6 and 15 items respectively. The competences for tutoring were grouped into two dimensions that explained 76.78% of the variance. Discussion or Conclusion: The psychometric of the questionnaire is adequate, so, it has content and construct validity, and internal consistency, which makes it possible to evaluate the perception of methodological tutoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate the content validity, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency of contraceptive use assessment instrument. Method: an instrumental, cross-sectional study was carried out. An instrument was designed with 15 items, that was submitted to expert judgement and applied to 104 young women. Content validity was assessed with descriptive statistics, criterion-related validity with inferential statistics and internal consistency with Cronbach's Alpha. Results: the instrument had a content validity index per item of 1.0, per scale greater than .80 and for universal agreement of 1.0. Criterion-related validity did not show significant differences; Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients obtained to related items ranged between .70 and .79. Conclusion: the instrument items showed to be relevant and content valid; as for contraceptive use intention dimension the instrument items indicated an acceptable internal consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peterson & Seligman's model of character strengths and virtues is the basis for the "growing up strong" scale used in this work. The objectives were to determine the psychometric properties, to compare these strengths according to sex and age, and to specify which of these predict psychological wellbeing. Instrumental, cross-sectional, descriptive and non-experimental research involving 257 adolescents from Montevideo. The findings confirmed factorial and convergent validity of the scale and showed internal consistency values of 0.91. Women scored higher on curiosity (Z = 2.81, p<0.01), perspective (Z = 3.97, p<0.001), kindness (Z = 3.20, p<0.01), love (Z = 4.09, p<0.001) and equity (Z = 3.33, p<0.01), while men scored higher on enthusiasm (Z = 3.35, p<0.01) and leadership (Z = 2.38, p<0.05). Differences according to age were found in persistence (H = 8.80, p<0.05), teamwork (H = 9.51, p<0.05), prudence (H = 13.19, p<0.01) and self-regulation (H = 11.61, p<0.01). Strengths such as creativity (OR = 2.38, p<0.001), courage (OR = 2.05, p<0.001), kindness (OR = 3.48, p<0.001) and gratitude (OR = 2.83, p<0.001) predicted high scores of psychological well-being, correctly classifying 89.92% of the subjects. Similar results were found in the other dimensions of this construct. It is concluded: (a) the "growing up strong" scale presents adequate psychometric properties that suggest its use to measure the construct in adolescents; (b) there are differences in some character strengths according to sex and age; and (c) the promotional role of character strengths in psychological wellbeing is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "growing up strong" scale is based on Peterson y Seligman's (2004) theoretical model of the character strengths and virtues. As it's a recent proposal, it lacks formal psychometric studies to support its use. The aim of this work was to determine the psychometric properties of this scale in a sample of university students from Maracaibo. It's an instrumental Investigation which involved 967 students. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis validate the underlying theoretical structure of six factors. In addition, high indexes of internal consistency were found, as well as positive correlations with self-esteem, self-efficacy, psychological well-being, life satisfaction and optimism; and negative correlations with pessimism. These results constitute evidence of reliability and factorial, convergent and discriminant validity. It's concluded that the "growing up strong" scale can be a short, useful and economical alternative to evaluate the construct both in basic and applied research. Future studies are recommended that will continue to provide evidence about the operation of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Students' attributions of their grades may affect their academic performance. However, lack of evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the instruments measuring attribution is a major concern. Objective: To analyze the factor structure, convergent validity and reliability of the Academic Attributional Style Questionnaire adapted to Mexican high school students (EAT-A). Method: The sample consisted of 557 Mexico City students of both sexes aged between 15 and 19. Using a confirmatory factor analysis for both success and failure attributions, a 7-factor structure and a 4-factor structure of the EAT-A were tested. The instrument's convergent validity, internal consistency and reliability were examined. Results: Only the 7-factor structure showed adequate fit indices: RMSEA = .046; SRMR = .053; CFI = .961; TLI = .952 and X²/gl = 2.72. In addition, the EAT-A evidenced convergent validity concerning success and reliability motivation. Conclusion: The EAT-A is a quick- and easy-to-administer instrument for measuring students' attributions of their grades in a reliable and valid manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Spanish adaptation of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient test (AQ-10) for adults, and analyses its psychometric properties. An intentional sample of 19 adults previously diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and 398 adults without clinic diagnosis was evaluated through an online interview. The interview included the adapted AQ- 10, and the Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern sub-scales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and collected sociodemographic al clinic data. The sensitivity and specificity of the AQ-10 to identify ASD, its concurrent validity and its internal consistency were analyzed. The adapted AQ-10 showed an area under the ROC curve greater than .90. With the cut-off point of 6, a sensitivity of .89 and a specificity of .91 was observed. Negative correlations were observed between AQ-10 and the subscales of IRI. The internal consistency was medium-low (a = .601). In conclusion, this instrument shows very good performance to identify people with ASD and, given its brevity and simplicity, it could be a useful tool for the screening of ASD in non-specialized health care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present the methodology that was designed for the development of research competences from the educational approach of socioformation, which includes an evaluation instrument to measure the impact of these on the pedagogy students, who, every four months, develop a research project in a group form. However, the absence of methodological knowledge and content were identified because they did not carry out the necessary collaboration to comply with each project. In addition, the teachers had no idea of what competences to develop or how to evaluate them for a better group performance. For this, an investigation was initiated in two stages: in first, a documentary analysis was carried out based on certain categories of analysis that led to the identification of competences, didactic strategies, and the type of evaluation that will be used. In the second one, an analytical rubric was designed with five levels of competence, under the supervision of expert judges, which was applied to a pilot group, as well as to a sample of 250 graduate students due to the lack of university students who were carrying out research projects. And, finally, to two groups of 50 students each, of the degree to establish a comparison according to the frequency of the results and confirm the validity of the evaluation instrument. For its analysis, Cronbach's alpha was used to measure its internal consistency, the V of Aiken for the validity of the content, and a factorial analysis through the factorization extraction method of the main axes. The results show that the evaluation instrument measures the research competences in accordance with the theoretical foundations of socioformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Orientation to Life questionnaire measures the sense of coherence, a concept related to the use of coping resources that have a positive influence leading to a better quality of life and sense of well-being for adults with cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine the validity and reliability of Antonovsky's Orientation to Life questionnaire in adults with arterial hypertension. Method: Methodological study in which cultural adaptation was carried out and the reliability and face, content, and construct validity were determined. In the cultural adaptation, a process of translation, consensus, and back-translation was followed. Content and face validity were met by expert judgment, using the Fleiss' kappa coefficient and modified Lawshe index statistical tests. Two hundred and twenty people participated in the construct validity and reliability test. Reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha statistical test. Results: In terms of face validity, the instrument reported a Fleiss kappa index greater than 0.41, interpreted as moderate agreement. The content validity index was satisfactory with 0.87; the exploratory factor analysis reported three factors with a total explained variance of 36.21%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.82 for the full scale. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the Orientation to Life instrument presents an adequate content validity and reliability index for use in the local context. It is necessary to continue its application in other groups and times to continue refining its validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of the study was to validate an instrument composed of the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) developed by Watson, Clark and Tellegen (1988), and the organizational commitment scale (OCS) developed by Meyer, Allen, and Smith (1993) to measure the relationship between affective states (EA) and organizational commitment (CO) of professors attached to higher education institutions (IES) in the Southeast of Mexico. Method: A descriptive investigation was carried out with a quantitative approach and a nonexperimental cross-sectional design, in which a non-probabilistic sample of 140 professors assigned to IES located in the southeast of Mexico, was selected. The instrument reliability was verified through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, content validation was through face validity and construct validation was carried out through an exploratory factor analysis (AFE). Results: The judges who participated in the face validity verification considered that the instrument meets sufficiency, clarity, coherence and relevance criteria. Reliability obtained for the PANAS scale was 0.76 and for the OCS was 0.83. In the AFE, it was identified that EA were grouped into two factors that explained 43% of the variance, while for CO three factors were identified, which explained 49% of the variance. Conclusion: Internal consistency and content and construct validity were confirmed for the proposed instrument to measure the relationship between EA and CO in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The dynamic conditions of the markets demand the study of business innovation. Based on the study of management literature, it has been proposed that there is a relationship between the organizational factors of autonomy and time availability granted to employees with the level of innovation in the company. Method: To prove this assumption a quantitative instrument was developed based on the CEAI scale and the ENTRESCALE measure and 144 observations were collected from a passenger transport services company in northern Mexico. Subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify the validity of the constructs; Cronbach's alpha to identify its level of reliability and the multiple linear regression technique in order to verify the effect of independent variables on innovation. Results: The exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha measurement support the construct validity and reliability of the items that make up the measuring instrument. The results of the multiple linear regression technique show that only autonomy is related to the level of innovation in the sector, so it is ruled out that the availability of free time is related to innovative behavior. Discussion or Conclusion: The results contribute to the theoretical development of the constructs and invite reflection on best business practices that lead to the development of innovative behavior in the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]