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This study inquiries into the evolution of the concept of Security in the Chilean Defense White Papers published in 1997, 2002 and 2010. This work consists of a conceptual critical analysis of the texts in a comparative perspective. It focuses on five variables: definition of Security; definition of Defense; referent object; sectors of Security; definition of Threat. The results bring into light a process to narrow the reach of the military instrument; an increasing political interest to separate Security from Defense; an inorganic intend to incorporate Human security; and the displacement of Threat as an articulating axis of Defense planning. As a main conclusion, the concept of security evolves significantly according to the Chilean Defense White Papers. The relevance of this issue rests upon the fact that the conceptualization of security delineates the employment of the instruments of defense. The contribution of the study consists of disaggregating the evolution of the concept of Security to further understand the political modifications to the parameters of action of the military instrument in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

through a case study, this text shows the relevance of material study of marks of paper in the field of the social history of justice during the Spanish Monarchy. It examines the complementarity between a judicial case about the alteration of notarial records of Santiago de Chile in 1800, and the material analysis of several public writings between 1684 and 1715, to highlight the social value and meaning of these documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards the end of the nineteenth century and the initial of the twentieth, art writing was exercised in Chile by theorists that acted provided of a certain authority adding a roughly traditional and European-rooted model. They marked a certain hegemony over the space of local culturea situation that will be modified later with the emergence of critical actors from the literary field. This paper reviews the work of some traditional critics, analyzing the keys and the context of their theoretical discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper analyses the memory work carried out by the school on emblematic dates of the traumatic past in Chile. A qualitative research was carried out in a school named after an emblematic character of the national past. It describes the work of memory carried out by school actors on an emblematic date of the difficult past, modifying its expression through new commemoration practices from a traumatic and painful character to a creative and forward-looking one. The article provides evidence on the transmission of memories in school events as a space for the transmission of conflictive pasts in the countries of the Southern Cone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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