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In this paper, I claim that the distinction between "philosophy" and "spirituality" can be a key for understanding Foucault's work, assuming that his philosophy and historical thought do possess a "spiritual dimension." For this purpose, I analyze the figures of transgression and pensée du dehors of the archaeological period, the figures of resistance and criticism as reflexive indocility of the genealogical period, and the fold of the ethical period. I determine whether they can be considered a spiritual dimension that promotes être autrement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent interest in phronesis ('practical wisdom') and the creation of a four-componential model to unpack its nature, various puzzles (philosophical, psychological, and educational) remain about those components, not least the proposed one of «emotion regulation». This paper introduces four remaining puzzles about this component and provides a brief overview of possible responses based on Aristotle's texts. However, given his own naturalistic method, in which ethical theorising must be constantly updated in light of empirical findings, the paper suggests that Aristotle's texts only take us thus far and that we need to draw on contemporary psychological sources for further enlightenment. Therefore, it invokes research from the last quarter of a century about so-called «meta-emotions», of great relevance given the meta-status of phronesis as an integrative virtue. Some of the possible implications of this research for an understanding of the emotional component of phronesis are elicited, as well as how it can be cultivated as part of character education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to demonstrate how the recognition and study of women's exile narratives could bring new analytical and reflexive registers to the field of philosophical work on political punishment. In order to do this, first of all, a review of its classical, Greek and Roman origins is made, pointing out that, although the exile has varied over the centuries, there are certain constituent elements that are maintained in its contemporary applications. This leads us to observe the way that these constitutive elements of exile are present in a particular way in women's exile narrative writing - especially those of the last civil-military dictatorships of the Latin American Southern Cone. To recognise and include these women's experiential narratives in a highly masculinised textual and analytical corpus allows for new approaches and reflexive projections to the field of philosophical studies on exile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the philosophies of the late Heidegger and the young Marx side by side to show how, while differing radically in some important aspects, both philosophies are motivated by similar concerns and are not so different as to preclude a productive dialogue between them. In so far as both thinkers can be said to have thought, taking the word in a Heideggerian sense, the "same", the way both philosophies diverge from each other can be especially illuminating when it comes to offering a clear interpretation of them (a task which is especially important to gain an understanding of Heidegger's philosophy which is often obscure). We'll see how Heidegger's notion of finitude implies a series of criticisms of Marx's philosophy. Finally, I'll pose a question regarding the limits of Heidegger's criticism of Marx, considering that this criticism goes as far as to criticize the idea that all human beings are equal and so implies a rejection of the idea of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of this paper, a "Habermas-way" diagnosis is made: uncertainty as the climate of an interconnected world without a common basis, the crisis of successful "Enlightened Reason", including its techno-scientific expression, and critical reason. In the second part, it discusses the paradoxical outcome of modernity and its unfulfilled promises, as well as the crisis of modern reason which, despite the postmodern reaction, addresses the search for the foundation of discourse ethics and the problem of presuppositions, demonstrably valid norms, the importance of language, communicative action and parliamentarism. The third section presents three final reflections, including the need to continue the struggle for emancipation, the complexity of putting this diagnosis into practice, and the criticism that Habermas has received for ignoring cultural differences and reducing communication to a linguistic exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach is described, and some criticisms against it are analysed with some level of depth. The main argument is that Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach remains influential and authoritative, among other reasons, because the most vigorous criticisms against it have not been uncontested, and because it draws important lessons as to how to understand philosophical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between riddles, education, and philosophy that Clearchus of Soli proposes in fr. 63W. I begin by analyzing the definition of "riddle" given in fr. 86W. I will argue in favor of the following claims: (1) a riddle (grîphos) is different from an enigma (aínigma); (2) a riddle is similar, in a certain way, to a dialectical problem; (3) there is a relationship between riddle and aporia. Then, taking the examples of riddles transmitted in the fragments of the treatise On Riddles into account, I will try to explain what the exact relationship between riddle, education, and philosophy could be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacques Derrida's philosophy is known for being methodologically structured by the question of inheritance as a general form of historicity, which implies a complication of the traditional ways of understanding historical time. In this paper we show how this way of conceiving historicity in terms of inheritance and tradition is shaped by three developmental phases: first, it has its antecedents in Husserl's phenomenology; subsequently, it is developed through the notions of trace and mourning, in relation to Levinas, Freudian psychoanalysis, and Hegel's philosophy; finally, it is formulated as a logic of haunting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a re-interpretation of the idea of Body in Nietzsche's philosophy to distinguish it from two important perspectives of Nietzsche-studies in Spanish: The first one maintains that the Body is comparable with Nature, and the second one, states that the Body is a cause of subjectivity. Analyzing part of Nietzsche's work after 1885 --published and unpublished-- shows that the idea of the Body works as a methodology that allows Nietzsche to accomplish a new task of his philosophy, such as the task of self-knowledge. In this way, the Body in Nietzsche's philosophy, besides being an innovative and redeemable concept, is a performative tool that establishes new dimensions "in-between" human knowing and bodily experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rousseau's importance for the postkantian idealism has been poorly researched. Hidden by the Kantian interpretation, the work of the Geneva thinker seems to have no relevant influence. Departing from an interpretative analysis of the literary sources and a comparison of the literary sources, our paper aims to show, using Hölderlin and Hegel's Tubingen and the immediately subsequent works (1791-1795), that Rousseau's influence has a decisive importance to understand the artistic and religious program of our authors. This analysis will allow us to understand that Rousseau is not a philosopher, nor an enlightenment figure, but rather a wise man, the bringer of a practical doctrine whose main principle consisted in supreme human dignity and the idea of freedom interpreted as autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine in Cicero's oratory speeches the criticisms of his opponents regarding either their lack of erudition or their poor intellectual abilities. From our viewpoint, this original locus of invective is closely linked to the consolidation of a new intellectual nobilitas at the end of the Roman Republic and is especially relevant in the context of Cicero's return from exile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to show the inextricable relationship between critical thinking and interculturality. It tries to answer the challenging question launched by Raúl Fornet-Betancourt about what critical thinking should be critical of, in order to explore the answer he himself offers: with the contemporary world. It is proposed in this paper to show that intercultural philosophy stands as the spokesman of that critical thinking that challenges the neoliberal hegemony of the capitalist and monocultural West. To do so, we base ourselves on the philosophical proposal of Fornet-Betancourt to advance from there to some characterizations of critical thinking as that which goes beyond simplifications and rather serves as an instrument to establish an intercultural dialogue with other ways of understanding the world. We explore the Andean proposal of Sumak Kawsay as an expression of critical thinking that questions, from a millenary knowledge and civilization, the very bases of Western developmentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I wish to explore how Wittgenstein's pyrronism can be understood. I do not want to get into discussion with authors who supporting or rejecting this appellation for Wittgenstein. My intention is considering the conflict of opinions, the suspension of judgment, ataraxy and philosophy as ethic and then analyzing whether through these concepts some kind of similarity can be established between Wittgenstein and pyrronism. In the same way, I consider it useful if the text serves to show that all the similarities between the way Wittgenstein's philosophy is conceived and the pyrrhonics can serve to defend Wittgenstein's neopyrrhonism as something more than a simple family resemblance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the 21st century, the human being has seen before him the challenge of adopting more realistic positions to preserve his own existence and that of nature, this means that knowledge, science and technology are today at the top of the scale of knowledge and intelligence. The real and objective implementation of all the legislation that makes it possible to achieve sustainability in development on a global scale and above all to guarantee the environmental education of current and future generations, then, and within the framework of this study, poses a new challenge. This paper aims to make an approach to environmental education from philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes, from a philosophical perspective, the scope and limitations of organizational ethics in the context of the era of globalization. Through this exploration, developed under the hermeneutical-documentary method, the following aspects are considered: 1. The elements that make up managerial ethics, as well as the various contexts that constitute the fields of action of philosophy within this universe. 2. The vulnerabilities exposed by globalization, both at an economic, social, and administrative level, as well as in human aspects, which lead to valuing the importance of decision-making, as a fundamental aspect to consolidate spaces characterized by justice and social equity. 3. The challenges faced by business management in the face of the gaps that arose after the COVID-19 pandemic, which, although not new, are intensifying in the midst of asymmetric and dissimilar scenarios characterized by exclusion, marginalization and the invisibility of difference. It is concluded that, in the face of the rise of virtuality, which has strengthened the processes of globalization, an ethic must be maintained according to the guidelines of social responsibility, promoting values such as respect, tolerance, justice and equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper pursues the historical-philosophical clarification of the intersection of three concepts that have a special importance in contemporary debates that have a bearing on the understanding of what the human being is, both as an individual entity and its relations with others and, also, as a sometimes inhospitable place nucleated by irresolvable tensions. In this sense, Judith Butler's performative approach is of special interest, which can be understood, on the one hand, as a complex and critical transhumanism and, on the other hand, as a proposal to understand the human beyond humanism, without resorting, therefore, to foundationalist ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred years after the birth of Leopoldo Zea, one of the most prominent philosophers of Latin America, in this paper we reflect on the role of the human being in history and the philosophy proposed by the author. We gather his vision about the Western philosophical heritage, anthropocentric and Eurocentric, facing the possibility of generating from our region a philosophy centered on the idea that all humans are human. Thus, we will unveil his criticism to the pretension of a universal Man and we will make visible his anthropological and humanist proposal, from which he manifests the need of recognition, from the cultural diversity, of all human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is set into the scope of dramatic ideological tensions of the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century which notably formed the value frameworks as well as created real social events of the Russian environment. It was a time when the mutual confrontation between religiously and secularly oriented thinking took place. The latter is crucial since it describes the most dominant manifestation of the secular thinking of the period, i.e. the Russian Narodnism. The focus of the paper aims at the revolutionary branch of Narodnism, the quintessence of which is P. N. Tkachev. Approaching the main conceptual pillars of Tkachev's works provides the foundations for an analysis of possible impact and influence of the radical Narodnism on the actions of one of the most controversial figures not only in the Russian history but also in human history as such - Vladimir Ilich Lenin. The paper also outlines possible frameworks and issues concerning the mutual relationship between Russian Narodnism and Lenin. The aim is to stimulate new critical, historical-philosophical studies of the Russian Narodnism as well as of the genuine legacy of Lenin. Nonetheless, I refuse any ideologizing or excusing the Leninism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two different philosophical proposals to introduce and carry out philosophy in school spaces which include the participation of children are compared. These are: Philosophy for Children (P4C), mainly developed by Matthew Lipman and Ann Sharp, and Philosophy with Children (PwC), which is actually a set of "second generation" (counter)proposals--as described by Vansieleghem and Kennedy (2011), based on Reed and Johnson (1999)--among which those created by Walter Kohan and Karin Murris, to mention a few, stand out. The text begins with some similarities between both proposals, before comparing them in each of their dimensions. First, P4C is discussed. Second, PwC. Their ideas about education, school, philosophical education, their concept of childhood, the role given to teachers and their relation with politics are the main focus. Third, PwC's critique of the P4C program is studied. Finally, the paper concludes with some ideas on the issue of introducing philosophy in the school space. Particularly, PwC's proposal is supported, fundamentally because of its coherent acknowledgment of the autonomy of teachers and of the political element in education, and since philosophical experience with children is characterized in particular by questioning and critiquing, and, therefore offers the possibility of bringing about important transformations, at both the personal-individual and the collective levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose a hermeneutics of the judicial text based on Paul Ricoeur's philosophy. For this purpose, the paper will propose, firstly, how to approach the judicial decision as text; secondly, the paper will argue from Paul Ricoeur's notion of "Hermeneutic Arc," how explanation and understanding as a hermeneutic method are given in the judicial decision. The final purpose is to show how in some cases the comprehension of ourselves could go through the hermeneutics made to the judicial text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the years 1834 and1835, Kierkegaard, still a 21-year-old student at the University of Copenhagen, became interested in the mythical character known as the master-thief. He then decided to work on a drama about this character and his struggle against the established order. With this in mind, the paper has two main objectives. First, to offer a complete account of the so-called master-thief project. Kierkegaard's notes on the master-thief have remained in a relative obscurity. This paper aims at exposing this little-known work of the Danish thinker to the Spanish-speaking reader. Second, to analyze the philosophical question raised in the master thief project, that is, the issue about the relationship of the rebel and marginalized individual with the established order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This writing approaches the experience of suicide by use of Emmanuel Lévinas's concepts of the saying and the said, in order to show that the suicidal person is an invisible victim. The suicidal person needs not to be excluded nor measured in objective terms. They need to be cared for by someone who helps them to stay alive through philosophical reflection. Thus, the suicidal person will find in Philosophy a place to treat their soul. In order to build this approach, this paper in divided into three parts that follow a brief introduction: first, the relationships between suicide, subjectivity, and intersubjectivity are addressed, so as to show the importance of classifying suicide in the realm of the saying and not of the said, and putting forward the struggle of the suicidal person to be heard in the world of the saying, so that the care of the other prevails both subjectively and intersubjectively; then, the encounter between the saying and the said is addressed through the presentation of the notions of trace, wound, and the foreign experience; and finally, it is proposed that philosophy, when practiced as an embrace "among others", is a way to understand and to approach the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between community and reparations is crucial to deal with violence. In this regard, to repair means to stabilize the social, moral, and political bonds that were damaged because of violence. Therefore, testimony is of great importance: it constitutes a biopolitical and institutional act to guarantee the rights to truth, justice, and reparations. However, concepts such as community, reparations and testimony have taken a new meaning in contemporary French philosophy, especially in the works of Emmanuel Lévinas, Maurice Blanchot y Jean-Luc Nancy. This new meaning rejects the sovereign and biopolitical community. Taking into account such a change of perspective, this paper examines, from a philosophical standpoint, the aforementioned concepts found in Nancy's, Blanchot's and Lévinas's studies on community, vulnerability, and metaphor. On that basis, the following thesis is sustained: the use of metaphors of damage in the testimonies of violence constitutes a speech of the irreparable (the wounded vulnerability) that reveals and creates an anarchic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper contends that Plato’s philosophy is essentially a political activity. This imply, however, to distinguish how this political philosophy carries out, its meaning and scope. Many scholars have attributed to Plato the political project, which Socrates develops in the dialogue Republic. Nevertheless, the simile of the cave reveals the impossibility of such a project or, at least, the serious problems that lie behind it. So, I suggest, that is not in the dialogue Republic where it finds Plato’s authentic political philosophy, but in the so-called aporetic dialogues. In these dialogues it does not discuss about a possible city, but it exercises in a lively way a politics builted by Socrates’ dialectic therapy, whose task is unveiling the virtue through the unmasking the faces of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the idea that essay has a aesthetics, a literary style, but at the same time this aesthetics is a mental style that presupposes a ethics as ground. Therefore, we think the essay as philosophy. More precisely: in modernity, philosophy is essayistic. This essay's philosophy has five main characteristics that are inseparable from each other. Essay is based on lifeworld and in consequence is a experimental philosophy opposed to the rationalist system. This philosophy is a philosophy of finitude, anti-absolutist, that defends the philosophical relevance of the concrete and real subject. Finally, the essay understands critical reflection as a method of freedom. Essayistic philosophy contains a ethics that avoids both rationalist totalitarianism and aestheticist nihilism, and that concludes in a dialogical pluralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, rational intuition is the subject of intense debate. Particularly, it is discussed what epistemic role it fulfills, if it fulfills some. Recently, Machery (2017) has proposed a modal skepticism regarding the validity of intuitions in the philosophical field, restricting with this moreover the scope of the philosophical discipline in general. The proposal of experimental philosophy would not only rules out the validity of intuitions in the philosophical field, but might through this debate put in question the very nature of philosophy, as well as its object of study. It is therefore a metaphilosophical discussion. In this paper I propose an anti-skeptical response to the role of rational intuitions, while at the same I discuss the scope of method of cases. I conclude that although an intuition does not justify or evidence any belief or knowledge, it fulfills a relevant propaedeutic role, which allows sustaining an rationalist naturalist position, empirically informed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I try to find a way of dissolving the tension existing between logical pluralism and the normative status of logic. To do this, on the one hand, regarding the normative status of logic, I defend an externalist perspective of normativity as long as logic has a normative role for social practices of rational interaction. On the other hand, regarding the nature of logic, I argue that logic is the result of a process of reflective equilibrium; logical laws are obtained from a process of mutual adjustment and adaptation with argumentative practices. Therefore, different processes of reflective equilibrium give rise to different logical systems. I show that this externalist characterization of the normativity of logic in conjunction with the thesis of reflective equilibrium enables to defend a version of logical pluralism that doesn't enter into conflict with the normativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question concerning the nature of "true philosophy" is a constant in Hume's philosophical enquiry. The present paper revisits the Conclusion of Book i of the Treatise of Human Nature, a crucial piece of writing to understand his answer to that question. In this dramatic section, the author narrates the crisis he suffered after confronting his science of human nature with sceptical arguments. I interpret Hume's narrative as a phenomenological description of the flux of passions, dispositions, and transformers which, after reflection, determine the transit from false to true philosophy, that will be justified by sceptical motives. Hume's voyage shouldn't be read only as an autobiographical experience since it represents the desired turn that should be followed by anyone who feels inclined towards philosophy, in order to discover both the utility and the pleasure derived from its practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"There is no such Revival. Around the Philosophical Disquisitions on Alienation in the late Twentieth Century". The following paper proposes to give arguments to relativize the extensive account that the concept of alienation lost theoretical attention in the field of philosophy during the eighties of the last century, and that a revival of the study of the concept occurred in the nineties. The conclusion is that there was no such loss of attention, but that furthermore, the presumed premises in the discussion concerning alienation from the nineties up to the present were delineated during the eighties. This conclusion has two supporters: the type of approach regarding alienation carried out by analytical Marxism and the philosophical incursions into the concept in the context of North American sociology. Based on this, the text offers a systematization of the history of the philosophical study of the concept in two sections or stages. And it concerns itself with two -and not three- stages because, for what was argued, philosophy did not stop talking about alienation in the eighties, although it did so to a much lesser extent than before (specifically, during the sixties and seventies, considered the boom in the philosophical treatment of alienation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the work of the Mexican philosopher Leopoldo Zea in search of theoretical elements that allow him to be identified as an antecedent of de-colonial developments. In this search for writings that appeared between the 1950s and 1970s, an evolution in his thought can be observed that makes it possible to divide it into two stages. The first represents an effort to justify the belonging of American philosophy to the great tradition of Western thought, considered as the only one with a claim to universality. The second will consider American philosophy as a disruptive contribution to a colonialist and decadent tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper offers an analysis of the idea of wit according to Juan Huarte in order to construct a philosophic criterion that guides the individual to choose the science that best corresponds to them. This criterion is based on the determination of the different types of wit for the sciences and, according to Huarte, it is not guide by likes or wishes of the individual, but by the natural propensities objectified by the exercised capacities. In contrast to a psychologic perspective, Huarte's criterion represents an approach based on philosophic ideas, which are deemed within a system of thought that coordinates the intellectual faculties in relation to the sciences, arts and techniques corresponding to the different types of wits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will discuss the relevance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy while remarking its capacity to promote social changes. To this end we will review some instances of his thought that are usually not considered by the History of Philosophy as philosophical works, such as his strategies to persuade the public or the emancipatory aim of his anthropological theory, and how these arguments face the defense of the Natural Law. The notable success of Rousseau in the enterprise of developing a coherent philosophical system, while fulfilling the main aim of the Enlightenment of promoting real social changes, offers valuable insights for authors trying to impact the public awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze human sexuality from its philosophical and pedagogical dimensions. In philosophical matters, sexuality has been a controversial and overlooked subject within philosophical studies; However, based on the theoretical proposals of Michael Foucault, the concept of sexuality is re-dimensioned, by stating that it serves as an instrument of oppression imposed by the hegemonic culture; For this reason, in a world characterized by information, interconnectivity, population growth and various social conflicts that affect the human psyche, it is necessary to carefully reflect on these aspects. On the other hand, the pedagogical guidelines offered are intended to provide theoretical support for sexual education, based on Piaget's socio-cognitive theories and Bruner's theory of discovery; likewise, this model has sociocultural, epistemological and legal foundations, which makes the study of notable interdisciplinary interest. It is concluded that the human being has the need to know the fundamental aspects of his sexuality, not only biological, but from a broader perspective: philosophical and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a brief historical account of woman in philosophy and of the critique to the patriarchal vision predominant in philosophy. María Zambrano is highlighted as a twentieth-century philosopher as well as her political thought, marking a change of direction in the look at what so far has been highlighted in her work. The content, an introduction and four sections, addresses gender as a cultural construct plenty of masculine and feminine meanings and its relationship to women's role in philosophy. Then, the paper focuses on María Zambrano and her philosophy, looking for understanding her thought, keeping in mind the importance of recognizing her life and work from its historical context. In the conclusions the nuances in the Zambranian philosophy and the multiplicity of readings and interpretations that can be made of it are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the childhood and adolescence (1892-1907) of the renowned Egyptian polymath and great renovator of contemporary Arab poetry 'Abbās Maḥmūd al-'Aqqād. The documentary sources used include the first volume of his posthumous autobiography, Anā (1964), the biographies about him published by the literary critics 'Abd al-Fatāḥ al-Dīdī, Jābir Qumayḥa, Shawqī Ḍayf and Ḥamdī al-Sakkūt, the memoirs of his close friend Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-Jabalāwī and those of Fāṭima al- Yūsuf and, finally, the information provided by Ṭāhir al-Ṭanāḥī, the editor of al-'Aqqād´s autobiography. This study seeks to delimit the possible causes of his intransigent character by applying the study method that al-'Aqqād used in the composition of the biographies he wrote about history's great figures. This method, called Falsafa al-sujṭ (philosophy of discontent,) consists of attempting to demonstrate that every man who shows exceptional abilities and great talent is in fact compensating for a physical weakness. The paper concludes that in the case of al-'Aqqād the premise of the compensation of physical weakness with the endowment of exceptional abilities and talent can be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper recounts the experience of a community of inquiry in a Philosophy with Children's workshop directed at teacher training students. The workshop experience is documented in the form of pedagogical narrative, a practice-training-research strategy that seeks to make school practice visible from the teacher's point of view. Our narrative documents the experience of the workshop in the students' voices. Between August and October 2018, each session was audio-recorded and transcribed. The critical issue of the narrative analyzed here is the question of names; the discussion shows how the name not only constitutes a fundamental issue for identity definition, but also problematizes identity. The students' experience of naming and being named opens questions about the teacher's role in the classroom context, and problematizes the concept of the human subject in current pedagogical discourse, particularly in its opposition to the concept of community of inquiry in current philosophy of education discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to stablishes the sense in which propositions included under the perceptual use of 'seeing-as', developed by Wittgenstein in the Second Part of Philosophical Investigations, are justifiable from an epistemic point of view. To do this, first, it will be clarified the internal link between 'visual experience' and 'interpretation' for the type of mentioned cases. Second, it will be shown how the 'seeing-as' respects the rule-following paradox's solution, as long as it does not presuppose any intermediary or need anyone to account for what is perceived, highlighting the notions of 'practice', 'familiarity' and 'context' common both in the aforementioned solution and in the 'seeing-as' cases. Third, the general distinction between certainties or 'hinges' and 'epistemic propositions' presented by Wittgenstein in On Certainty will be applied to cases of aspect perception as a possible field of application of the so-called Hinge Epistemology, showing how, in specific cases, the perceptual certainties that shape our way of life and that are groundless, can be recontextualized and merit reasonable justification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has as objectives, propose the issue of the need for analog dialogue between Critical Theory with the Philosophy of Liberation, fundamentally among the new generations, towards a concerted effort a systematic criticism of capitalism and modernity. View some relationships that had place in XX century, between the thinkers of the Frankfurt School and Latin America that new generations should retake. And finally, see the conditions of possibility of such analog dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an approach to the poetic write of the Colombian Raúl Gómez Jattin. As a result of the interpretation of the poems "Veneno de Serpiente Cascabel" and "El Elogio de los alucinogenos" written in the period from 1983 to 1986, this paper explain the symbolic multiplicity of poetic writing by Raúl Gómez Jattin. In relation with a viewpoint philosophical-literary this paper can decipher the relationship between the poetic saying and the connotations of otherness that the world of literature crosses, that from the poetry of Raúl Gómez Jattin is thought at the same time as descent, possibility of challenge to study the elements of the transgression what the Colombian poet Raúl Gómez Jattin needs inexcusable for the affirmation of life and literary space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to understand the links and contradictions between social responsibility of business and the theory of justice proposed by John Rawls. To build the argument, the paper reviews the hypothesis in which Rawls' theory relays, analyses the notion of responsibility and contrast it with the notion of accountability. It questions the business mechanisms commonly proposed by social responsibility of business and explores the fundamental differences between this ideological proposal and the liberal ideas sustained by Rawls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates a philosophical reflection framework in order to access the essence of culture. After pointing out a lack of consensus regarding the definition of culture, it presents a work scheme based on the concepts of both «the endearingness» and «the voice» to contribute to solve this problem. The objective, thus, will be to define culture as an acoustic of the being intended to plunge the subjects into some affectively discernibles limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the social philosophy of a prominent Russian thinker, Semen Frank with the aim of identifying its relations with general philosophical ideas, as well as with religious foundations of his thought. For these purposes, authors examine the basic concepts of Frank's social philosophy in their interaction and connection. Based on the research, authors conclude that Frank built his social theory on the basis of the philosophy all-unity that gives primacy to the spiritual aspects of the social body over the material and empirical ones. The basic social concepts he develops are related with the two fundamental modes of the reality - ideal and empirical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the figure of the intellectual in Michel Foucault and Maurice Blanchot, from three distinct perspectives: 1) The affirmation of the anonymity of language; 2) the critical approach against power; and 3) the ethics of thinking and writing. The intellectual is thus characterized as an anonymous voice among anonymous voices; as someone who holds power accountable; as a solidary guard for the anonymous--and his writing as the exercise of a specific kind of responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European reception of Nicolás Gómez Dávila owes greatly to the reading and diffusion of his work prompted by Franco Volpi. This paper examines the way in which Volpi shaped the interpretations of the Colombian in light of his practical philosophy and critique of Modernity, emphasizing the vitality and the provocative character of Gómez Davila's thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I analyze Leopoldo Zea's thinking as a system whose ideas are ultimately based on a certain set of principles; far from having an abstract or deductive nature, it grows through the intense dialogue to biography and history. To attain its goal, this paper interprets the writings of this thinker in the period 1940-1949 and analyzes and articulates his epistemological and political principles, so placing the rational foundations of his philosophy in his chrono-logical beginnings (archaeo-logical method). Because of its theme and method, it has an approach different in respect to the previous contributions of the secondary bibliography, provides elements for an assessment of the Mexican philosopher from the point of view of the basic structure of his thinking, and presents an example of balance between political commitment, relativism, pragmatism and the pursuit for universal knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I shall present a reasoned answer to the question about the usefulness of philosophy. I start by analyzing the meaning and intentionality of the question "philosophy: what for?" Next, I study the different meanings of the word "philosophy" in the context of that question (section two). In the third section, I present some examples of certain answers given to the question "philosophy: what for?" as they can be studied from a historical and anthropological perspective. Next, I take into account certain outstanding philosophical systems to see how they have answered the question about the usefulness of philosophy (section four). Finally, I argue a reasoned answer to the question from the perspective of a Stoic, materialistic philosophy of the present (section five). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will present some fundamental guidelines of Hegelian thought in the period indicated with respect to the relationship between logic and metaphysics and the problem of an introduction to philosophy. In texts of the years between 1797 and 1802, we can observe the evolution of two key concepts --contradiction and antinomy-- and their implications for Hegel's incipient systematic thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 19th century, the rapprochement between music and philosophy was so intense that it became noteworthy. This paper explores the influence of Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy on Richard Wagner's musical composition Tristan and Isolde. It takes as starting point Wagner's texts where he claims to know Schopenhauer's philosophy, and endorses its influence in his life and his artistic labour. This article suggests that Wagner tried to represent Schopenhauer's metaphysics in his music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with Menippus or Necromancy of Lucian of Samosata, a satiric dialogue on Menippus' katabasis (descending to the underworld) to discover the best form of the human life. The issue articulates two generic traditions taking into account, on the one hand, the katabasis has taken shape in different mythological stories, and on the other hand, the quest for the best kind of the human life is a philosophic topic par excellence. Since both traditions were historically understood in tension: the myth on the side of pleasant writing; and the philosophy of writing aimed at utility, in Necromancy two paths are presented to solve such aporia. The problem arises from disavowal that the myth has obtained to deal with problems attributed philosophy as the existential question. To tackle this paradox the references and treatment given to the two traditions are analysed. Its purpose is to revise the tension based on the recognition in lucianic writing of a resignification of the myth by its conceptual skill in the formation of satire. The study delves into the impossibility of a monological vision because the aporia needs of both traditions. In this way, Lucian erases the limits of generic traditions and produces an answer to the serious intellectual problem with a mythical formulation that inscribes it in a system of creative writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the hostile relationship between philosophy and politics proposed in antiquity by Plato, this paper attempts to delve into this line from the treatment of Hannah Arendt from one of his fundamental works: The human condition. We estimate that in this work it is possible to capture the core of the Arendtian concerns about this tense relationship, being able to project from this place its vicissitudes in other works that contemplate the concern for the foundation of this and its dynamic complexity. Arendt sees in Plato the key to understand hostility between both disciplines and. in dialogue with his figure, we will try to get into the reflections concerning the problem and its drifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]