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This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the vibrations of reinforced concrete structure by graphene oxide powders (GOPs) using a polynomial displacement field and the Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM). The study focuses on analyzing the dynamic behavior of the structure and assessing the effects of three different distribution patterns of GOPs on its vibrations. To accurately model the deformation of the pressure vessel, a polynomial displacement field is employed, taking into account the complex geometrical and material properties of the structure. The results highlight the significant influence of the distribution pattern of GOPs on the natural frequencies of the spherical concrete pressure vessel. The analysis reveals that variations in the weight fraction and arrangement of GOPs have a direct impact on the stiffness and dynamic characteristics of the structure. Specifically, increasing the weight fraction of GOPs generally leads to higher natural frequencies, indicating enhanced structural rigidity. Moreover, the polynomial displacement field and GDQM demonstrate their effectiveness in accurately predicting the vibrations of the reinforced pressure vessel. The combination of these numerical techniques enables efficient and reliable analysis of the dynamic response, allowing for optimization of the design and performance of spherical concrete pressure vessels.

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the main features and historical-political reasons behind the presidentialism proposal advanced by Piero Calamandrei in the Constituent Assembly. The Author illustrates this proposal not only within the context of the Florentine jurist’s thought, but also within the broader field of institutional reforms and the Italian political system, highlighting the factors that undermine the stability of the executive.

Wuyi rock tea residues, generated after brewing or aroma extraction, are rich in nutrients. This study aimed to prepare ACE inhibitory peptides from the protein hydrolysate of Wuyi rock tea residues and investigate their stability. The optimal proteolysis conditions for neutral protease were optimized as: a substrate concentration of 2% (w/v), pH 7.0, hydrolysis temperature of 45°C, enzymatic digestion time of 3 h, and enzyme dosage of 6800 U/g. Under these conditions, the ACE inhibition rate of protein hydrolysate of Wuyi rock tea residues reached 70.47 ± 0.29% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Additionally, the prepared ACE inhibitory peptides demonstrated excellent stability against acid, base, heat, and certain metal ions. These findings suggest that the proteins extracted from Wuyi rock tea residues can serve as a promising source to produce highly active ACE inhibitory peptides. These peptides could be utilized in the development of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals.

Honey is a prebiotic food that has many health benefits. Honey contains oligosaccharides that can be used to protect sensitive bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to see how encapsulation affects the survival of probiotics under different conditions. L. rhamnosus GG was encapsulated with sodium alginate and honey. The study had three treatments: free probiotics (control), encapsulated probiotics with sodium alginate (MWS) and encapsulated probiotics with honey (MWH). The microcapsules were analyzed using morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The survival of both free and encapsulated probiotics was tested under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and high temperatures. Encapsulation with honey had significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (97%) and the probiotics encapsulated with honey had a higher survival rate compared to free cells. In conclusion, adding honey to encapsulated probiotics can improve their viability and stability under stressful conditions.

ABSTRACTTexture-modified foods have become a growing trend in the market and retrograded starch can enhance the rheological properties of foods. This study assessed the effect of adding 10% (w/w) of normal (RNS) or high amylose (RHS) retrograded starches on the physicochemical and rheological properties of commercial peach puree stored at 4°C. The resistant starch content (RS), syneresis, and rheological behavior were evaluated during 14-day storage. Control puree exhibited high syneresis (60%), low consistency (6 Pa·sn), and decreasing viscosity during storage. These characteristics improved after adding retrograded starches. Samples with RNS exhibited higher viscosity, lower syneresis, lower RS (2%), and poor stability; meanwhile, the systems with RHS exhibited greater stability maintaining their viscosity, syneresis, and RS (10%) relatively constant during storage. Therefore, RHS can be recommended to enhance and maintain the physicochemical, nutraceutical, and rheological properties of a food matrix like peach puree during storage.

ABSTRACTThis research focused on the preparation in microcapsules of mackerel protein hydrolysates by spray-drying, and their characteristics and stability were analyzed. The result indicated that the optimum conditions for preparing microcapsules were as follows: maltodextrin as the wall material, the ratio of mackerel protein hydrolysates to microporous starch was 2.2:1, and solid concentration was 12% at a temperature of 200°C. The prepared microcapsules had lower water content, better fluidity and persistency. In addition, the microcapsules had less foul odor, higher acceptance, better shape, and more stability.

The Great Recession (2008-2013) worsened the labor market position of young Spaniards. despite governments launched labor market reforms in 2010 y 2012 to improve labor stability, permanent employment accounted for only 10 percent of total new contracts. This paper tries to disentangle which factors are hindering the promotion of open-ended contracts to stabilize Spanish young workers into permanent employment. These analysis use panel data from the MCVL (Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales). The results indicate that, although having an open-ended contract increases the probability of being employed after two years, only 50 percent of these initial contracts survive. The structure of labor demand explains this instability.

A basic mathematical model in epidemiology is the SIR (Susceptible–Infected–Removed) model, which is commonly used to characterize and study the dynamics of the spread of some infectious diseases. In humans, the time scale of a disease can be short and not necessarily fatal, but in some animals (for example, insects) this same short time scale can make the disease fatal if we take into account their life expectancy. In this work, we will see how a positive feedback effect (decrease of the susceptible population at small densities) in a SIR model can cause a qualitative characterization of the dynamics defined by the original SIR model. Finally, we will also show with numerical simulations how a delay in the feedback effect causes very interesting qualitative changes of the system with epidemiological significance.

We revisit the celebrated Kohn-Vogelius penalty method and discuss how to use it for the unique continuation problem where data is given in the bulk of the domain. We then show that the primal-dual mixed finite element methods for the elliptic Cauchy problem introduced in [1] (E. Burman, M. Larson, L. Oksanen, Primal-dual mixed finite element methods for the elliptic Cauchy problem, SIAM J. Num. Anal., 56 (6), 2018) can be interpreted as a Kohn-Vogelius penalty method and modify it to allow for unique continuation using data in the bulk. We prove that the resulting linear system is invertible for all data. Then we show that by introducing a singularly perturbed Robin condition on the discrete level sufficient regularization is obtained so that error estimates can be shown using conditional stability. Finally we show how the method can be used for the identification of the diffusivity coefficient in a second order elliptic operator with partial data. Some numerical examples are presented showing the performance of the method for unique continuation and for impedance computed tomography with partial data.

The objective of the research is to estimate the transmission rate of an infection (β) in the SI epidemical model, using Bayesian statistical methods from observed data in Peru. After studying the SI mathematical model and Bayesian statistical inference metho'ds, a Bayesian estimator is proposed to estimate the transmisión rate of an infection in this model and a procedure is proposed to estimate this rate using Montecarlo simulation based on Markov chains - MCMC.

Abstract This study aimed to produce Calabrese-type sausages on an industrial scale by incorporating nisin and mixtures of organic acids and their salts as preservatives. In addition, it was assessed the stability of the product during storage at 25 °C. Various formulations were investigated, each featuring distinct preservative combinations as follows: Treatment 1 (T1) included sodium lactate and sodium acetate; Treatment 2 (T2) contained sodium lactate, sodium acetate, citric acid, and nisin; Treatment 3 (T3) involved a combination of salt and nisin alongside sodium lactate; and a control group which utilized sodium lactate. The moisture values ranged from 55.84% to 57.45%, proteins from 18.53 to 19.07, and lipids from 17.04% to 19.15%, all following Brazilian legislation. The pH remained stable until 90 days of storage, with values of 6.30, 6.28, 6.05, and 6.23 for control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. T2 presented higher acidity compared to the other formulations due to the presence of citric acid. The evaluated preservatives (T1, T2, and T3) showed lower lipid oxidation indices and inhibited microbial growth. Therefore, the evaluated preservatives have the potential to be used industrially because they maintain the characteristics of the product and ensure 120 days of storage at 25 °C.

Context: Job sequencing has been approached from a static perspective, without considering the occurrence of unexpected events that might require modifying the schedule, thereby affecting its performance measures. Method: This paper presents the development and application of a genetic algorithm to the Job Shop Rescheduling Problem (JSRP), a reprogramming of the traditional Job Shop Scheduling Problem. This novel approach seeks to repair the schedule in such a way that theoretical models accurately represent real manufacturing environments. Results: The experiments designed to validate the algorithm aim to apply five classes of disruptions that could impact the schedule, evaluating two performance measures. This experiment was concurrently conducted with a genetic algorithm from the literature in order to facilitate the comparison of results. It was observed that the proposed approach outperforms the genetic algorithm 65% of the time, and it provides better stability measures 98% of the time. Conclusions: The proposed algorithm showed favorable outcomes when tested with well-known benchmark instances of the Job Shop Scheduling Problem, and the possibility of enhancing the tool's performance through simulation studies remains open.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate common bean lines for yield and commercial grain quality in multi-environments, and to maximize the efficiency of selection using complementary methods. Over three crop years, 79 trials using carioca common bean lines were carried out in the dry, winter, and rainy crop seasons, in the Southern, Southeastern, Midwestern, and Northeastern regions of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates and 17 genotypes. The evaluated traits were: grain yield (GY), grain appearance (GA), sieve yield (SY), and 100-seed weight (100SW). Adaptability and stability analyses were carried out using models that consider the genotype effect as fixed or as random, in a mixed-model perspective. A significant interaction between genotypes and environments was observed for all traits evaluated. The CNFC 15086 line presented the highest GY and 100SW, besides a high adaptability and stability. The most prominent line for GA was CNFC 15038. The CNFC 15097 line is recommended as a cultivar (BRS FC406) because it shows, simultaneously, favorable performances for GY, GA, SY, and 100SW, as well as for adaptability and stability.

Atellica Solution (AS) is a platform that incorporates immunoassay and chemistry modules. AS is fitted with a refrigerated storage module (RSM) for internal quality controls (QC). The objective of this study was to assess the maximum permissible storage time in AS for QCs.

Context: Caprine milk has beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thus the potential to be developed as a topical formulation against the skin-aging process. However, the influence of temperature during topical formulation storage from caprine milk must be explored. Aims: To analyze the physical stability and heavy metal contents of skin lotion from caprine milk, yogurt, and kefir. Methods: All lotions were storage at different conditions, such as 4°C, 25°C without light exposure (LE), 25°C with light exposure, and 33°C for 12 months. The characteristics of color, aroma, separation, viscosity, pH level, and heavy metals were determined periodically. Results: Yogurt lotions showed more maintained color, aroma, and separation under different storage conditions than milk and kefir lotions. The viscosity of all samples was relatively stable, with a minor reduction at 33°C of temperature storage. The longer duration of storage reduced the pH level for all lotions. Heavy metals were slightly detected in safe range values. Conclusions: This study concludes that the physical characteristics of lotions made from caprine milk, yogurt, and kefir were relatively stable during the different storage conditions, and these lotions are proposed as a safe topical formulation for skin application.

Abstract The objective of this work was to select white oat (Avena sativa) genotypes for environments with and without fungicide application, as well as to identify relationships between meteorological variables and agronomic traits. Two experiments were carried out: one without and the other with the use of the tebuconazole fungicide. In each experiment, 26 genotypes were evaluated, conducted during ten years in the same experimental area; cultivation years were considered as one environment. The methodologies of genotype and of the genotypes x environments interaction were used to define the ideal genotype. 'URS Corona' is considered an ideal genotype due to its excellent responses in the environment with tebuconazole. The 'Brisasul', 'IPR Aphrodite', and 'URS Taura' genotypes respond better in the environment without the fungicide. However, based on multitraits, the 'URS Taura' and 'IPR Afrodite' genotypes can be positioned in environments with or without the use of tebuconazole. Genotypes with a rust incidence lower than 15% and a height higher than 93 cm in an environment with a relative humidity lower than 70.75% have a higher grain yield regardless of fungicide use. Greater magnitudes of air temperature and solar radiation result in a higher grain yield of white oat, regardless of fungicide use.

The interactions between predators and their prey in the real world are usually affected by diverse ecological phenomena acting on both the prey and the predators. Collaboration or cooperation between predators is one of those behaviors, which has received less attention from researchers than competition among consumers. These contacts are important aspects of the dynamics of food chains and trophic webs. In this work, we will study the influence of collaboration or cooperation (hunting cooperation) between predators to consume (or capture) their favorite prey, which are affected by an effect Allee weak. We extend the results obtained in a previously published model, considering only collaboration between predators and in which the Allee effect is absent.

In this paper, a modified Leslie-Gower type predator-prey model introducing in prey population growth a delayed strong Allee effect is studied. The Leslie-Gower model with Allee effect has none, one or two positive equilibrium points but the incorporation of a time delay in the growth rate destabilizes the system, breaking the stability when the delay cross a critical point. The existence of a Hopf bifurcation is studied in detail and the numerical simulations confirm the theoretical results showing the different scenarios. We present biological interpretations for species prey-predator type.

Hybrid perovskites with reduced organic content have brought great interest for solar cells applications. Particularly, adding inorganic cations increase material stability, by providing an adequate tolerance factor. However, these cations lead to lower absorption coefficient than using only organic cations, therefore it is necessary to implement strategies for having films with appropriate thickness and good light absorption properties. In this work, several experiments were performed with ((Cs1-xDMAx)Pb(Br1-xIx)3 perovskite films of different thicknesses, resulting in devices with photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) near 80% of the reference MAPbI3 cell, high purity phase, appropriate morphology, and higher stability. The perovskite successfully maintained integrity for 12 days in air with relative humidity between 30 and 40%, indicating the fulfillment of the study's objectives.

This work analyzes militant democracy from a historical perspective, taking into account comparative law and its development in the Spanish constitutional system. For this, the different models of militant democracy applied in the European framework after World War II are identified, taking as a reference the processes of supranational integration. The fundamental thesis that in the past the defense of democracy was carried out against extremism and the totalitarian past, while in the present it is about preserving constitutional democracy for future generations in the face of new challenges such as terrorism, extreme speeches and populism. In this new phase of collective learning, the problems that arise the same as in the past: what is the link between means and ends and wich body should be the defender of democracy.

Background. White oat is a multifunctional species with significant benefits to human health, so the positioning of genotypes in the organic system is substantial to promote the expression of maximum productive potential. Objective. To select and identify the genotypes with greater stability and productive adaptability. Methodology. The study was carried out in 11 environments located in the countries of Brazil (states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná) and Paraguay (Itapúa) in 2019 and 2020, evaluating in each of them four genotypes of white oats (Avena sativa) (URS Corona, URS Brava, IPR Artemis and IPR Afrodite) each considered as treatments. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications per treatment. The variables analyzed were grain yield (GY, kg ha-1) and the cycle in days from emergence to physiological maturity (PM). With the presence of G x E interaction, AMMI and GGE biometric methods were used to study adaptability and stability. Results. With the data obtained, it was possible to form three mega-environments with the identification of specifically adapted genotypes. The URS Brava genotype was characterized as the ideal genotype, with high stability and wide adaptability for grain yield, which can be positioned in all environments. High altitudes promoted a longer crop cycle and lower grain yield, while low altitudes induced a shorter cycle and grain yield maximization of white oat genotypes. Implications. The current results indicate that it is possible to position a single genotype within a region formed by similar environments, as well as it was identified that the crops should preferably be carried out in regions of lower altitudes. Conclusion. The URS Brava genotype is considered the ideal genotype with high potential for productivity at low altitudes.

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a drying process using the foam-layer method to obtain the powder from butiá (Butia spp.) pulp, as well as to characterize this powder according to its yield and physicochemical and technological characteristics. The foam was optimized for density and stability by varying whipping times and albumin and xanthan gum concentrations. Foam drying was optimized for vitamin C retention and yield using different foam thicknesses and drying temperatures. The optimized foam showed a density of 0.25 g cm-3 and a high stability, being suitable for subsequent drying. The lowest foam thickness (0.50 cm) and the highest drying temperature (80°C) resulted in the highest retention of vitamin C, whereas the increase in drying temperature improved yield. The butiá pulp powder obtained under the optimized condition presented an acid pH of 3.25, a low humidity of 7.97%, a water activity of 0.206, a water retention capacity of 4.90 g H2O per gram of powder, a solubility of 74.40%, a soluble solids content of 61°Brix, and a predominantly yellow color. The foam-layer drying method can be used to obtain butiá pulp powder.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of using the Femoral Neck System (FNS) (DePuy Synthes®) versus the use of cannulated screws (CS) in the surgical treatment of non-displaced subcapital hip fractures., Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on non-displaced subcapital hip fractures treated with CS or FNS between 2020 and 2023, with a minimum follow-up of one year. A total of 28 patients were included, 14 treated with CS and 14 with FNS. Demographic, radiological, clinical, and functional variables were analyzed., Results: In the CS group, 64% were male, with a mean age of 66.5 years (SD 14.9) and an average follow-up of 22 months (range, 12-36 months). In the FNS group, 57% were male, with a median age of 60.8 years (SD 13.78) and an average follow-up of 16 months (range, 12-24 months). Regarding functional outcomes, no significant differences were found between FNS and CS in the Harris scale: 94.21±11.55 for FNS and 96.50±6.9 for CS (p=0.618). The total postoperative complications (FNS/CS) were 7.1% versus 43%, and implant failure with conversion to total hip replacement was 0% versus 43%, both significantly higher in the CS group (p=0.047; p=0.016, respectively). The FNS also presented a lower rate of avascular necrosis (0% versus 11.1%, p=0.391) and nonunion (0% versus 20%, p=0.163), although these differences did not reach statistical significance., Conclusions: Although both treatment methods, cannulated screws and the FNS, showed similar short-term functional outcomes in the management of undisplaced subcapital femoral fractures, the FNS demonstrated a significantly lower rate of complications and reoperations. These results suggest that the FNS could be considered a safer and more effective option compared to cannulated screws., (Copyright © 2024. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

The thematic register of the first two volumes of Radu Todoran’s lyrics, whith hedonism, light, shadow and vegetation as main aspects, is enriched, in the third volume, with the mineral. Through its roughness, the stone, the mineral, leads to the idea of dissolution, but through properties as cold and quiet, thus helping and leading the lyrical self to inner purification. A crisis of poetic consciousness follows, with an emotional dissolution, a breach induced by the changes in contemporary society, each time described with serious irony. Light, plant life and beloved appear sporadically, and only as a memory of past times marked by happiness and color. The vegetal, though luxurious, is overshadowed by the mineral which looks like petrifying everything, by strange animals and ancient gods.

Resumen: Introducción: El uso de videojuegos comerciales ha sido considerado una herramienta eficaz para mejorar el equilibrio postural en diferentes poblaciones. Sin embargo, los beneficios reportados en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (PEM) no están claros. Objetivos: Analizar la evidencia existente sobre los efectos de las terapias con videojuegos comerciales en el equilibrio postural en PEM. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Academic-Search-Complete, AMED, CENTRAL, CINAHL, WoS, IBECS, LILACS, Pubmed/Medline, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect utilizando los términos multiple sclerosis, videogames, video games, exergam*, postural balance, posturography, postural control, balance. El riesgo de sesgo fue analizado por 2 revisores independientes. Se realizaron 3 metaanálisis modelos de efectos fijos calculando la diferencia de medias (DM) y el intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% para las variables Four-Step-Square-Test, Timed-25-Foot-Walk y Berg-Balance-Scale. Resultados: Cinco ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados fueron incluidos en la síntesis cualitativa, mientras que 4 fueron incluidos en el metaanálisis. No se observaron diferencias entre las terapias con videojuegos y los grupos controles para la variable Four-Step-Square-Test (DM: –0,74; IC 95%: –2,79 a 1,32; p = 0,48; I2 = 0%) y Timed-25-Foot-Walk (DM: –0,15; IC 95%: –1,06 a 0,76; p = 0,75; I2 = 0%). Sin embargo, la variable Berg-Balance-Scale mostró diferencias a favor del grupo de videojuegos (DM: 5,30; IC 95%: 3,39 a 7,21; p

Introduction/Context: Previous reactor models have been used to study the dynamic behavior of bioethanol production systems, however, few have elaborated a comparative study of control strategies that stabilize and control the variables of interest. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the stability of a fermentation system to obtain bioethanol, its dynamic behavior, the characterization of equilibrium points and bifurcation points of the mathematical model proposed by [1] for a continuous fermentation, taking into account the performance of the reaction in a bioreactor and the application of industrial control techniques for its optimization. Methodology: Review and design methods of quantitative and systematized type were used. Results: The comparison between two control strategies to control bioethanol production, PID control and Fuzzy. Conclusions: This work shows the importance of the stability analysis of a continuous system and how it can define the regions of operational interest, in this case for ethanol production, showing that productivity is inversely proportional to the dilution rate. Finally, it is concluded that a better dynamic behavior of the system is obtained when a Fuzzy controller is used. This work also shows the importance of the stability analysis of a continuous system and how it can define the regions of operational interest, in this case for the production of ethanol.

Context: The recognized properties of shark liver oil support its use as a raw material, of natural origin, in pharmaceutical formulations. Aims: To develop a formulation of hard capsules containing microencapsulated shark liver oil, by spray drying, and to evaluate the stability. Methods: The stability of the emulsions was evaluated, at room temperature and refrigeration, by means of heat stress tests and destabilization by centrifugation, determining the organoleptic characteristics, pH and conductivity. The oil microencapsulation process was carried out, through the spray drying process on a laboratory and industrial scale, evaluating the established physical-chemical parameters. The technological development of the hard capsules was carried out, using the dry method, carrying out the stability, shelf life and accelerated studies, respectively. Results: The emulsions maintained their stability under the evaluated conditions. The results obtained in the industrial scaling demonstrate the feasibility of scaling the spray drying method for the microencapsulation of the shark liver oil mixture. The quality parameters of the hard capsules, containing the microencapsulated oil, fulfilled with the established limits, demonstrating their stability for 24 months. Conclusions: The reproducibility of the technological process established on a laboratory and industrial scale was demonstrated, as well as the homogeneity of the properties of the microencapsulated oil. The design and development of a hard capsule formulation was achieved, containing microencapsulated oil, with adequate physical, chemical and microbiological stability, for 24 months.

This paper investigates the stability of discrete-time Markov jump linear system of second-order, this type of system is similar to the family of discrete-time Markov jump linear system it is known in classical literature as MJLS. We present some consistent stability definitions for the system, where these types of stability are equivalent as long as the state space Markov chain is finite. In addition, a computational test is presented to analyze the stability of the system. The result is a generalization of classical theory, this implies a contribution to the theory.

Abstract The objective of this work was to simultaneously select pre-commercial grain sorghum hybrids with high adaptability and yield stability, through mixed modeling, in 20 environments, during six years. The evaluated plant material consisted of 57 commercial grain sorghum hybrids. In all experiments, hybrids were arranged in a triple lattice design; some experiments used a 6x6 lattice, and others, a 5x5 lattice. Adaptability and stability parameters were obtained based on the prediction by harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV). The mixed models proved to be adequate to analyze the genotype x environment (GxE) interaction and the genotypic adaptability and stability studies on grain sorghum. The hybrids that stand out, considering all environments are 1G282, A9904, 50A50, A9902, and XB6022. The A9904 hybrid stands out in favorable environments, with a grain yield above average. Only 1G282 is among the five best hybrids for each group of environments, and it is the best grain sorghum hybrid for yield performance, adaptability, and stability. The predicted genotypic values based on genotypic means can be used in the environments with the same GxE interaction pattern because they are free of the GxE interaction.

In this work, we analyze the stability of two epidemiological models of obesity. The first model only admits social influence, that is, the environment in which individuals live, the second model adds control to reduce obesity and excess weight. The obesity-free equilibrium point is local and asymptotically stable if R0 < 1 where R0 is a basic replacement rate. For the model with control, its stability is shown and it is appreciated numerically that it accelerates the decrease of obese individuals.

In the ecological literature, the interference (self-interference) or competition among predators to effect the harvesting of their prey has been modeled by different mathematical formulations. In this work, we will establish the dynamical properties of the Leslie-Gower type predation model, in which is incorporated one of these form, described by the function b (y) = yalfa , with 0 < alfa < 1. The main difficulty of the analysis is due to this function is not differentiable for y = 0, and the Jacobian matrix is not defined in the equilibrium points over the horizontal axis (x-axis). Previously, we showed a summary with the fundamental properties of the Leslie-Gower type model, in order to carry out an adequate comparative analysis with models where self-interference between predators is incorporated. To reinforce our results, some numerical simulations are shown.

Abstract Background: For several years, many attempts have been made for the improvement of liposomal stability. In 1986, Payne et al, introduced the concept of Pro-liposome for liposome preparation in order to avoid physicochemical instability encountered in some liposome suspensions such as aggregation, fusion, hydrolysis, and/or oxidation. Objective: The objective of this review is to focus on different aspects related to Proliposomes, their method of preparation, characterization techniques and pointing out its scope in drug delivery systems. Methods: Proliposomes are a new form of drug delivery systems. They are dry, free-flowing granular products composed of drug and phospholipid which, upon addition of water, disperse to form a multi-lamellar liposomal suspension. Results and Discussion: These Proliposomes are nearly as good as or perhaps better than conventional liposomes. In the present review attempt has been made to briefly explain the concept of Proliposomes with a focus on its components, preparation, characterizations and their field of application. Conclusion: Extensive survey of literatures and collected data suggests that Pro-liposomes are promising drug carriers for the future.

The constitutional complaint is a typically Brazilian legal institute, which emerged in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court (STF) and gained extreme importance throughout its historical phases, especially since its codification in the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015 (CPC). Its essence is the purpose of preserving the jurisdiction of the courts and ensuring the authority of their decisions. However, in the current context of difficult access of the upper courts, due to the obstacle of art. 1030 of the CPC, is presented as a mechanism to guarantee the procedural subjects to urge the superior courts to promote the revision of their precedents, thereby avoiding the stiffening of the right of the country and promoting the natural and desired dialogue of the courts with their own decisions.

In this paper we study the effect of vaccination control, medical treatment and spraying to malaria epidemic model. Firstly the non-control malaria epidemic model is generated and the equilibrium point is determined. Afterward, the stability of equilibrium point in previous model is investigated. The research is continued by deciding the optimal control of malaria epidemic model and minimizing the cost. The results show that the control effect can reduce the subpopulation of infected human and mosquitoes.

In this work we summarize the different and more used approaches and policies found in the literatura to measure the robustness and stability of solutions for scheduling problems. These policies are based in the analysis of proactive scheduling problems with an approach of planning scenes. Moreover, we present and review the more recent studies developed to measure the robustness and the stability of solutions for uncertainty scheduling problems and we suggest future lines of research.

ABSTRACT Identification of cowpea genotypes with high protein content for specific environments, based on the genotype-environment interaction, has a positive impact in places where access to protein for human consumption is deficient. The objective of the study was to analyze the protein content of 10 cowpea bean genotypes in five environments in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. The randomized complete block design with four replications at each site was used. The analysis of the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) was performed using the AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and SREG (regression in sites) models, in which the main effects of genotypes (G) + GEI are part of the bilinear term of the model. The AMMI and SREG models and their biplots were useful in the analysis and interpretation of the protein content of cowpea beans from experiments carried out in multiple environments. The AMMI model identified genotypes 1, 4 and 8 as those with the greatest adaptability and stability, and the Montería (MO7B), Mahates (MA7B) and Cereté (CE7B) environments as the most favorable. The SREG model identified a potential mega-environment constituted by the PN7B, MA7B and CE7B environments, in which genotypes 1, 2 and 3 presented greater adaptability and stability, while genotype 8 showed specific adaptability in MO7B. In both models, genotypes 6, 7 and 10 showed absence of adaptability and stability in the studied environments.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes and environment for seed-coat darkening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds, in order to select lines that combine slow darkening, upright plants, resistance to lodging, and higher yield and 100-grain weight, with good adaptability and stability for these traits. Forty four pre-selected lines, originating from crosses between one cultivar with slow darkening and prostrate plants and four cultivars with normal darkening and upright plants, were evaluated in field trials conducted in 15 environments (combinations of locations, crop seasons, and years). Considering the mean values, adaptability, and stability for each isolated trait, most of the lines presented satisfactory performance: 75% for slow darkening, 48% for high yield, 59% for upright plants, 84% for resistance to lodging, and 68% for 100-grain weight. The effects of environments and of the genotype by environment interaction are important for the five studied traits. The CNFC 16754 and CNFC 16820 lines present slow seed-coat darkening, high yield and 100-grain weight, more upright plant architecture, and greater resistance to lodging, besides high adaptability and stability for these traits, which shows their potential for recommendation as new cultivars and confirms that it is possible to join desirable phenotypes for the five traits evaluated.

Physical properties are major characteristics that validate biomaterials' adaptability to commercial utilization. The moisture content, density, swelling, and shrinkage within male and female Borassus aethiopum were assessed. Green and dry moisture content, and density were tested with the oven-dry method while swelling and shrinkage were evaluated using the water-saturation test and oven-dry methods respectively. Unlike moisture content, density decreased towards the crowns and radially from the peripheries to their cores. Directional swelling decreased as: Radial > Tangential > Longitudinal. Volumetric swelling was greatest at the core of the base (6,99 %) but at least at the periphery within the middle of the male (2,89 %). However, the female recorded much swelling at the core of its mid-portion (6,23 %) and least (4,01 %) at the crown periphery. Directional shrinkage decreased identically as the male variety while the volumetric shrinkage for both varieties was not consistent. The peripheries had less moisture content, better dimensional stability and density (which influences wood strength) at the butt than those of the core indicating the peripheries would maintain its original dimension and strength when subjected to environmental changes and be more viable for structural works than the core.

ABSTRACT Agricultural ground vehicles often have to traverse unstructured terrain, i.e., terrain whose conditions cannot be precisely predicted during its displacement. Such characteristics restrict the use of robots in the agricultural field because their stability could be compromised by their interaction with the terrain. As it does not have a human operator capable of observing, predicting, and controlling the interaction of the vehicle with the terrain. Therefore, a robot must deal with the unpredictability caused by this interaction, a task that was previously performed by the human operator. Given the relevance of the topic, this study investigates the literature on agricultural unmanned ground vehicles from the stability point of view, and also presents relevant criteria for dealing with the stability of agricultural robots in terms of their design and selection.

The development of efficient emulsion is essential and requires a good understanding of the parameters that govern the formation and stability of the emulsion. The droplet size significantly affects the stability of the emulsion. In this study, the stability of pomegranate oil-in-water emulsions (0.5 to 7.0% v/v) was investigated using various emulsifiers in terms of droplet size and instability index during 16 days of storage. The Mastersizer and Lumisizer were used to measure the droplet size and instability index. It was observed that the minimum droplet size was achieved by using 0.3% carboxy methyl cellulose (5.37 μm) and maximum with 1.0/2.5% whey protein/maltodextrin (24.26 μm). The Lumisizer results during storage revealed the higher emulsion stability of carboxy methyl cellulose due to smaller droplet size and high thickness as compared to other emulsions studied. The findings of the present study would be useful for food applications to obtain fine and stable microcapsules.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of variations in soil compaction on the stability of the slope embankments of fish farms used in aquaculture. Computational modeling was performed using the RocScience Slide 6.0 program, simulating filling scenarios, fast lowering and stationary regimes for the full operation of the fish farms. The data used in these simulations were obtained from soil characterization tests in the laboratory. The geometry of the levees, the inclination of the slopes and the crest width and height, also necessary for modeling, were obtained from field data and technical projects. The modeling generated a safety factor (SF) for the upstream and downstream slopes of the levees, considering different upstream slopes, for three types of levees (L1, L2 and L3). The results have shown that the variation in soil compaction, regardless of the upstream inclination of the slopes, maintains the stability of the levee slopes, as it generated safety factors above the acceptable minimum (> 1.5). Decreasing the speed of lowering the water column in the fish farm does not compromise the stability of the embankments of the levees. The construction of superficial pond levees for aquaculture can be performed at points below the optimum water contents for compaction since the stabilization of these structures showed SF values above the minimum required.

ABSTRACT Mixing acerola pulp with whey, a by-product of the dairy industry, led to this study, whose aim was the development of a powdered beverage mix of acerola pulp, whey and maltodextrin (DE20). To determine the proportions of the mixture, a simplex-centroid mixture design was used. Different proportions of the mixture were dehydrated in a spray dryer at 175 °C. The results were evaluated in relation to hygroscopicity, moisture and ascorbic acid. Higher proportions of whey and pulp increased hygroscopicity and moisture, while maltodextrin reduced these parameters. An increase in pulp content raised the levels of ascorbic acid. The proportions (m m-1) of 50% acerola pulp, 25% whey and 25% maltodextrin resulted in significantly lower hygroscopicity (8.25 g 100 g-1) and moisture (1.66%), and appreciable levels of ascorbic acid (1492.49 g 100 g-1). The results indicated that the powder obtained shows good stability after 75 days of storage, with 9.20%, 1.79% and 1146.13 g 100 g-1 of hygroscopicity, moisture and ascorbic acid respectively.

The goal of this paper is to conduct a study on the flying and usability attributes of a glider-type aircraft used for instruction. For the development of this project, we propose a dynamic model where we introduce small disturbances to calculate the longitudinal trim state in subsonic flight conditions. Using longitudinal trim data, we showed the linearized equations of motion to find the dimensionless and dimensional numerical values for aerodynamic stability and control derivatives along the longitudinal and lateral-directional axes. After that, we found the characteristic transfer functions using disturbances and accelerations for the sake of the best glide ratio speed, in order to calculate the aircraft responses in aerodynamic controls. Finally, we got the static and dynamic stability responses; and so, we analyzed the flying and usability attributes according to the standardized requirements. The results obtained are shown using aerodynamics coefficients, MatLab® graphs (step, impulse, ramp, Bode diagram and Root place), the stability modes, the rudder lift curve slope, the control fixed neutral point and the maximum permissible stability margin. In this way, we showed the calculation of stability, influencing factors and its effects on the flying and usability attributes of a glider-type aircraft.

Constitutional monarchies are understudied as institutions that may contribute to the maintenance of a system of constitutional government. Even less well studied, however, is the relationship between constitutional monarchies and norms of gender justice. This article surveys this potential relationship, and notes five broad potential connections: the connection between formal rules surrounding the operation of the monarchy and norms of gender equality; the dynamics surrounding change, or non-change, in these rules; the gendered role(s) played by monarchs in various countries, and how those roles may reflect or even promote broader social change in attitudes towards female leadership; how monarchs have exercised their powers so as to promote, or obstruct, broader campaigns for gender justice; and the relationship between feminist commitments and an interest in the style and/or family choices of monarchs. It further suggests the benefits of a comparative dialogue on these questions that directly connects Europe, Asia, and the Pacific, as well as more future scholarship on these and related questions of the relationship between gender- based change in the realms of the symbolic and practical.

In this work, two mathematical models for malaria under resistance are presented. More precisely, the first model shows the interaction between humans and mosquitoes inside a patch under infection of malaria when the human population is resistant to antimalarial drug and mosquitoes population is resistant to insecticides. For the second model, human–mosquitoes population movements in two patches is analyzed under the same malaria transmission dynamic established in a patch. For a single patch, existence and stability conditions for the equilibrium solutions in terms of the local basic reproductive number are developed. These results reveal the existence of a forward bifurcation and the global stability of disease–free equilibrium. In the case of two patches, a theoretical and numerical framework on sensitivity analysis of parameters is presented. After that, the use of antimalarial drugs and insecticides are incorporated as control strategies and an optimal control problem is formulated. Numerical experiments are carried out in both models to show the feasibility of our theoretical results.

Abstract Acerola and camu-camu fruits possess high vitamin C content. However, since these fruits are little consumed in their fresh form, it is important to consider that vitamin C can be oxidized depending on storage conditions. Thus, this study aimed to produce acerola and camu-camu powders by spray drying to maintain the stability of their vitamin C content during storage. Acerola and camu-camu powders were characterized in relation to their physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and vitamin C concentration and stability under different storage conditions (30 °C and 40 °C, 75% relative humidity). In general, the powders were proven to be stable, with low water activity (< 0.40) and humidity (< 4.0 g/100 g powder), as well as high vitamin C concentrations (1593.2 and 6690.4 mg/100 g of powder for acerola and camu-camu, respectively). Furthermore, we observed a high antioxidant activity by ABTS●+, DPPH• and FRAP assays. The powders stored at lower temperature (30 °C) showed higher vitamin C stability. In conclusion, acerola and camu-camu powders produced by spray drying are potential sources of vitamin C and active compounds and are therefore suitable for several food industry applications.