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Antecedentes: Las metástasis óseas son una manifestación común de muchas neoplasias malignas. La radioterapia de haz externo (EBRT) proporciona una paliación exitosa de las metástasis óseas dolorosas. En el presente estudio, comparamos tres esquemas de EBRT paliativo en metástasis óseas dolorosas. Objetivo: Evaluar el alivio del dolor y la mejora del estado funcional en estos pacientes. Método: Este estudio prospectivo se realizó en pacientes con metástasis óseas dolorosas de cualquier primario. Los pacientes se dividieron aleatoriamente en tres grupos para recibir EBRT paliativa, ya sea 6Gy en una sola sesión (grupo I), 8Gy en una sola sesión (grupo II) o 10 Gy/2 fracciones/1 semana de diferencia (grupo III) hasta el sitio involucrado. El objetivo principal fue valorar la respuesta general al dolor, evaluada mediante la escala de dolor de Glasgow y la mejora en el estado funcional, mediante la puntuación del estado funcional del Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Los objetivos secundarios medidos fueron el alivio completo del dolor, la duración de la respuesta general al dolor, la necesidad de analgésicos y reirradiación. Resultados: Un total de 60 pacientes fueron igualmente asignados azar en 3 grupos. Conclusión: El alivio del dolor se observó máximo en el grupo III. En los tres grupos, la puntuación media inicial del dolor se redujo significativamente y el estado funcional ECOG medio mejoró 1 mes después de la EBRT.

Deep marine microorganisms survive under extreme ecological settings and harsh environmental conditions of low temperature, high salinity, and high atmospheric pressure making it significant of scientific interest. Southern Ocean (SO) is one such example of deep marine ecosystem and the microorganisms inhabiting in such hostile environment may produce different bioactive secondary metabolites. SO (Indian Sector) is relatively less documented in terms of microbial composition and community dynamics. The present study involves isolation of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from three potent SO (Indian Sector) bacteria, optimization of the EPS production and partial characterization of them. Three different EPSs show varying structural conformation, that is from porous to strong flakes mimicking polymeric structure with C/N ratio ranging between 4 - 11. FTIR spectra have exhibited the presence of different active groups of carbohydrate moieties, water molecules and protein-associated amides. EPSs produced by marine microorganisms show high biotechnological promises such as drug carrier in pharmaceutical field, emulsifier and cryo- protectant in food-processing industry, detoxification of petrochemical oils and much more. The three bacterial isolates in this study showed potential of producing EPS biopolymer that can be further explored in terms of its proper biotechnological applications.

The present study incorporates a study of 42 cases of lepromatous leprosy for hepatic involvement and role of indigenous herbal preparation in protecting the liver in leprosy. Liver was enlarged in 32 cases which was tender in 8 patients. Alteration in liver function irrespective of extent and duration of the illness (3 months to 10 years with mean duration of illness = 2 years 5 months) was mainly seen as uniform elevation of serum proteins (6.2-9.2 gms%, mean = 7.5 gms%) with hypoalbuminaemia (2.0-4.4 gms%, mean = 2.9 gms%). Highest level of serum bilirubin of 1.6 mg% was detected in 6 cases, emphasising the presence of leprous hepatitis. Raised level of serum transaminases (SGOT = 65.2 IU, SGPT = 78.7 IU) were proportionate to the liver and muscle involvement. Presence of characteristic granulomata in the liver around the central vein, periportal area and even distribution at various locations in the liver lobules were the most significant changes in 12 out of 15 liver tissues. Acid fast M. leprae were demonstrated in 12 patients. The present work emphasises the detection of hepatic involvement in the early stage of the disease and hepato-protective role of indigenous drug Liv-52 in lepromatous leprosy which usually lead to dreaded mutilated complications in the body.

The diabetic status of the local Jhansi patients (120 cases) was established before and after antileprosy treatment. Control studies were performed in normal healthy subjects (50 persons) without family history of diabetes mellitus. Random normals showed an incidence of diabetes only 2%, while leprosy patients (94 males and 26 females) had incidence of diabetic status of 14.2%. The highest incidence (19.3 %) of diabetes was in lepromatous leprosy and lowest incidence (6.4%) in tuberculoid leprosy patients. Repeated studies in leprosy after treatment showed not only clinical improvement for leprosy but also disappearance of the chemical and latent diabetes mellitus and lowering of blood sugar levels in manifest diabetes mellitus. Incidently it was noted that `diabetic status' was worse among males (82.3%) and with advancing age. Association and improvement of diabetic status with specific treatment would tentatively suggest that Mycobacterium leprae lesions are not confined to skin alone but somehow also related to carbohydrate metabolism. A careful management of the chemical and latent diabetes may help in clinical management of leprosy too.

A middle aged man (48 years) with short duration of illness (7 days) was admitted in the state of acute renal failure with erythema nodosum leprosum. He had repeated episodes of erythema nodosum leprosum in the past. His blood pressure was normal (150/80 mm Hg). During his hospital stay he was in the state of progressive anaemia (Hb = 8.8 g/dl to 7.2 g/dl), oliguria (urine out-put = 250-350 ml/day), azotaemia (blood urea = 198 mg/d1 to 218 mg/dl) and impaired renal function tests with fatal outcome. Kidneys were smooth, congested and weighing 150 g each with histological features of rapidly progressive (crescentric) glomerulonephritis, a result of immune complex deposition from recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum episodes.

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Recently, clinical failure and relapses have been observed in patients treated with antifungals. Drug resistance has become an important problem leading to significant negative social, psychological, and occupational health effects and quality of life. Early recognition and treatment is essential to reduce morbidity and possibility of transmission. The increased use, inappropriate prescribing and over the counter sale of antifungal agents has also added in the development of resistance to these drugs. The main biochemical and molecular mechanisms that contribute to antifungal resistance include reduced uptake of the drug, an active transport out of the cell or modified drug metabolic degradation of the cell, changes in the interaction of the drug to the target site or other enzymes involved in the process by point mutations, overexpression of the target molecule, overproduction or mutation of the target enzyme, amplification and gene conversion (recombination), and increased cellular efflux and occurrence of biofilm. Although, there is considerable knowledge concerning the biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects of resistance to antifungal agents, expansion of our understanding of the mechanisms by which antifungal resistance emerges and spreads, quicker methods for the determination of resistance, targetting efflux pumps, especially ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and heat shock protein 90, new drug delivery systems, optimizing therapy according to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, new classes of antifungal drugs that are active against azole-resistant isolates, and use of combinations of antifungal drugs or use of adjunctive immunostimulatory therapy and other modalities of treatment will clearly be important for future treatment strategies and in preventing development of resistance.

The coccidia and gastrointestinal nematode infections were monitored in 273 Jakhrana goats maintained at the Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India to study the prevalence rate and to determine the effects of various environmental factors on intensity of infection. The animals were reared under semi intensive feeding system. The fecal samples were collected and examined for a period of 2 years. The data on faecal egg/oocystes count (FEC/FOC) were analyzed by least-squares analysis after suitable log transformation (Loge FEC/FOC + 100). The prevalence and intensity of infection were determined in animals according to their ages (0-3 month, >3-6 month, >6-12 month and >1 year), sex, year and season of sample collection. The pre-dominant coccidia oocysts were Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, and the major gastrointestinal nematode species identified as Haemonchus contortus The overall prevalence rates for coccidial and gastrointestinal nematode infections manifested as singles or concurrent states were 42.86 and 39.19%, respectively. The coccidial oocysts was highest (92.31%) in >3-6 month aged kids followed by >6-12 month (75.51%) and >1 year of age (40.86%). Females had higher occurrence (49.86%) than males (45.20%) for coccidial infection. The prevalence rate of oocysts was highest in rainy season (54.55%) followed by summer (46.0%) and winter (37.0%) season. The gastrointestinal nematode prevalence was 33.33, 0.0, 57.14 and 41.00 percent in 0-3 month, >3-6 month, >6-12month and >1 year aged animals, respectively. Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infection was 28.74, 67.27 and 13.98 percent during summer, rainy and winter season, respectively. Concurrent infection with Eimeria and gastrointestinal nematodes were found in 17.22% of animals and restricted to animals of >6-12 month of age and above. The overall least-squares means for GOPG (oocysts/g of faeces) and GFEC (eggs/g of faeces) were 268.71 and 74.16, respectively. The effect of age, year and season of sampling had significant (P

Introduction and Objectives: We compared the effects of 12 weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT) vs moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICET) on cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters and the proportion of non/low responders (NLR) to exercise training in post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients., Methods: Patients with a recent ACS were randomized to LV-HIIT, MICET, or a usual care group. LV-HIIT consisted of 2 to 3 sets of 6 to 10minutes with repeated bouts of 15 to 30seconds at 100% of peak workload alternating with 15 to 30seconds of passive recovery. Cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters were assessed, and key exercise variables were calculated. Training response was assessed according to the median VO 2peak change post vs pretraining in the whole cohort (stratification NLR vs high response)., Results: Fifty patients were included in the analysis (LV-HIIT, n=23; MICET, n=18; usual care, n=9) and 74% were male. The proportion of NLR was higher in the LV-HIIT group than in the MICET group (LV-HIIT 61%, MICET 21%, and usual care 80%; P=.0040). VO 2peak -dependent variables (VO 2peak , percent-predicted VO 2peak ) improved in both training groups (P=.002 and P <.0001 for time with LV-HIIT and MICET, respectively), but the improvement was more pronounced with MICET (P=.004 and P=.001 for interaction, respectively). The ΔVO 2 /Δworkload slope improved only with MICET (P=.021)., Conclusions: In patients with a recent ACS, several prognostic VO 2peak -dependent variables were improved after LV-HIIT, but the improvement was more pronounced or only found after MICET. Low-volume HIIT resulted in a higher proportion of NLR than isocaloric MICET. Clinical trialsregistered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifiers: NCT03414996 and NCT02048696)., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)