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The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the greatest technological revolutions in recent human history. AI technology is widely used in various fields, including education. In this field, AI is studied as a discipline, and used as a tool to overcome social barriers. Like any human revolution, however, it is necessary to be careful about it and consider that the growing use of these new informatic systems also entails risks. One of them, it is the reinforcement of gender stereotypes and discrimination against women through linguistics feedback. Trough an experimental analysis conducted on common AI-integrated app –Google Translate and Canva–we will investigate linguistic behaviours such as responding to a command prompts. From the results obtained, we can demonstrate the existence of gender biases in the AI’s productions, both in textual and visual language. Gender biases are consequences of the structural inequalities present in society: it is not the technology that is sexist, but it is the dataset on which it is based, which in turn is based on the results produced by users and published on internet. In a society based on democracy and equality, it is important to ensure that the use of such a widespread technology as AI does not perpetuate existing stereotypes and does not allow to become a new form of strengthening discriminations. From a linguistics perspective, this means paying attention to the linguistic outputs, both textual and visual, provided by the AI and checking the dataset it has been training on. Due to their central role in the education of new generations, schools and institutions should prepare students for a critical vision of the phenomenon and provide them with the tools to contrast it. This path could start from teaching AI mechanisms and ethics of technology to students and using an inclusive language in the educational context.

Oral Archives for Linguistic Research: Turin Italian. This paper aims to present the research project Archivi orali per la ricerca linguistica: l'italiano torinese (‘Oral Archives for Linguistic Research: Turin Italian’), designed to document and describe the variety of Turin Italian through a collection of oral sources dating back to the second half of the 20th century, i.e. the Fondo Giorgina Levi Arian, preserved also in digitised form at the Archivio della Fondazione Istituto Piemontese “Antonio Gramsci”. Among other documents, the Fund also contains 100 recordings (most of them interviews), collected by Giorgina Levi, a teacher, politician and historiographer from Turin, during the period from 1969 to 1992. In addition to the description of the Fund, this paper will examine the possibility of using this kind of oral sources to explore different strands of research in the field of linguistics and, more specifically, what steps are required to make these data usable in the field of linguistics as well. The observations presented should contribute to the promotion of an extended use of oral history data in linguistics studies.

The study examines rhetorical figures in Ondó praise chants with a view to providing a detailed analysis that contributes to the understanding of the linguistic and cultural intricacies inherent in this particular form or genre of praise chant. Among others, the study identifies the rhetorical figures employed in the linguistic construction of "Oríkì Òndó”. It analyses the cultural nuances and symbolism encapsulated within the rhetorical devices used in the praise chant. The study further explores how specific rhetorical figures contribute to the rhythmic and aesthetic qualities of "Oríkì Òndó" in a distinct manner. To achieve these objectives, the study involves in-depth analysis of recorded `Ondó praise chants, interviews with practitioners. Data are analyzed using Fahnestock’s (2011) principles of Rhetorical Style. Findings show that the "Oríkì Òndó" is a reservoir of rhetorical richness, employing various figures such as metaphor, hyperbole and symbolism. Findings further reveal the fact that the chants not only showcase a mastery of language but also serve as a cultural repository, encapsulating the essence and identity of the Òndó people. The study concludes that the "Oríkì Òndó" stands not only as a testament to the past but also as a living art form that continues to resonate and evolve within the cultural fabric of the Yòrùbá people.

This research is briefly concerned with the field of machine translation of the Noble Qur’an. The main objective of this research is to emphasize the need for the human touch in the translation process, in order to remain faithful to the original semantic, religious, and cultural charge of the Qur’anic text. To measure the accuracy, fluency, and cultural sensitivity of machine translations, we used a mixed approach, combining quantitative content analysis and qualitative thematic analysis. Globally, the results of this research support the use of a hybrid approach combining machine translation with human editing and revision because even though machine translation has improved considerably over the last few decades, it still faces many difficulties in correctly capturing the nuanced meanings, cultural context and the wonderful literary and aesthetic style of the original Arabic-language Qur’anic text. Résumé Cette recherche s’inscrit sommairement dans le domaine de la traduction automatique du saint Coran. L’objectif majeur assigné à cette recherche est d’insister sur la nécessité de l’intervention de la touche humaine dans le processus de traduction afin de rester fidèle à la charge sémantique, religieuse et culturelle originales du texte coranique. Pour mesurer la précision, la fluidité et la sensibilité culturelle des traductions automatiques, nous avons fait appel à une approche mixte, combinant l'analyse quantitative du contenu et l'analyse thématique qualitative. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de cette recherche favorisent le recours à une approche hybride combinant ainsi la traduction automatique et l’édition et la révision humaine car si la traduction automatique s'est considérablement améliorée au cours des dernières décennies, elle reste confrontée à des difficultés pour saisir correctement les significations nuancées, le contexte culturel et le merveilleux style littéraire et esthétique du texte coranique original en langue arabe.

This article addresses the broad research aim of understanding migrants’ experiences of homelessness during the Coronavirus Disease of (COVID-19) pandemic through a novel combination of linguistic and sociological analysis. In our analysis of life story interviews, we find that the United Kingdom (UK) Government’s Everyone In initiative, which suspended eligibility criteria to provide support and accommodation to those experiencing homelessness or deemed to be at risk of rough sleeping, was hugely beneficial for migrants. This indicates what is possible when there is the political will to end rough sleeping. In its analysis of life stories gathered during the pandemic, the article proceeds to identify deeper-rooted problems relating to the weak and restricted structural position of migrants experiencing homelessness. Having spent time in the UK with an ‘inferior status’, with limited access to work and welfare, economic and social capital, and often with experiences of trauma in the UK and/or in their countries of origin, many of our research participants express a lack of control and a sense of being controlled in their conditions of existence. Further, their isolation and loneliness in the individual rooms provided in the emergency accommodation is indicative of a deeper-rooted sense of separation deriving from years spent sleeping rough or living in temporary and insecure accommodation. Experiences of isolation and the sense of a lack of control are corrosive to mental health, and during the pandemic, mental health problems were also exacerbated by welfare checks and other rule-based practices that are potentially re-traumatising.

The survival of a language represents a part of the cultural identity of a group; therefore, groups often try to protect their identity from extinction. Hence, this prompts an understanding of how an ethnic group tries to protect their language in an inter/intra-ethnic setting concerning the Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory which considers two main aspects to be important, namely the ‘Sustainability’ (Su) of the language and the ‘Strength’ (S) that must be met for a language to survive. The author shows that both aspects are vital to ensure that a language survives or faces extinction. The clashes of ‘Conflict amelioration/exacerbation’ and ‘Manufactured Identity’ lead to certain groups condoning violence to dominate the other and the other group to avoid language death. The study discusses Ethnolinguistics and the Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory and its issues, language death in its two forms such as Linguicide and Glottophagy, and the processes that can ensure language survival, such as Reclamation, Revitalization, and Reinvigoration, providing concrete examples from various parts of the world to illustrate the discussed processes. Research concludes by stating that various inter/intra-ethnic conflicts are inevitable and may lead to the presence or the death of the language, but group’s motivation to preserve its language and identity can lead to language maintenance and survival.

«[...] Por aqui passou o nosso percurso: preocupado com a natureza verbal do objeto literário, ocupou-se em articular contributos e categorias da área da literatura e da área da linguística (do texto e do discurso). Esperamos ter contribuído para este diálogo sempre desafiador e, sempre, talvez, a retomar e a desenvolver.» É assim que começa e acaba o livro de Antónia Coutinho, professora de Linguística do Texto na Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

This paper deals with the so-called “Brothers poem”, fr. 10 Voigt = Neri, which is up to now the most recent papyrological discovery attributed to Sappho. In its first part, the paper investigates the identities, the actions, and the mutual relationships of the characters featuring in this new poem. In its second one, it will be discussed how the Sapphic lines deal with themes such as power relations, oppression, social hierarchy, and behavioral expectations in relation to genre.

The history of Christianity is full of stories of martyrs who witnessed the truth of faith in Christ and became the object of brutal abuse and violence. Although not in this sense, the word martyr is today widely used to indicate the voluntary act of sacrifice inspired by extremist ideas. The evolution of the concept of martyr exhibits its complexity that can be investigated considering the construction through the narrative, in the form of reports and testimonies, keeping in the background the distinction between the narration of the martyr and the narration on the martyr. In this article we will show the attempt to remain within the perimeter of the storytelling on martyr and martyrdom, considering two examples and their respective semiotic reading with the intention of highlighting the role of corporeity in the story of a martyrdom. In fact, the body of the martyr makes the testimony possible, so much so that the body must be alienated. We consider interesting to note that martyrdom is narrated also in some places of contemporary art as in the works of Bill Viola, who through Martyrs shows his idea of sacrifice but also of rebirth and cyclicity of the body.

Analysed from a diachronic perspective in the grammars we have addressed in our work, the Romanian article has determined controversial situations mainly due to the various meanings of the species identified over time and its definitions, and particularly because of the difficulties of cultivating the language it has entailed.

In the contemporary Francophone literary space, the Belgian author of Algerian origin Malika Madi is a leading figure among the exponents of second-generation migrant writing, born out of the identity and cultural debate of ‘belgitude’. It must be said that the migratory discourse is being explored by writers who were born in or moved to their parents’ host country. Among the texts on immigration from Maghreb, Madi’s work tackles, with new writing methods, issues concerning realities that clearly and objectively outline the contemporaneity of women, still subjected to prejudices that limit their right to speak. This paper will analyse Nuit d’Encre pour Farah (2000), the writer’s first novel, in which the subjective dimension of the speaker will be highlighted through the analysis of the experience lived by the novel’s protagonist, thanks to the analytical investigation of the different enunciative strategies. As for literary discourse in relation to linguistic issues, reference will be made to personal experiences that the author pours into the behaviour and stances of the protagonist, all with the aim of highlighting the importance of a biographical reading, which outlines a different discursive image of gender identity, related to a new cultural and geographical space.

This bibliographic review of academic research on emoji reveals how the bulk of studies accepts it as a language but do not develop detailed linguistic analysis that could support this claim: they accept the clues provided by the initial studies, as if the scientific community had already reached such a consensus. However, the truth is that the fields in which emoji have generated the greatest academic interest (computer science, psychology and cognitive science) have considered the study of their linguistic nature a minor issue. Therefore, research on emoji has been growing over the years, widening the scope of its contributions, but with a common core made up of few basic notions about its linguistic condition that has important blind spots, in which Linguistics hasn’t done (generally) its work to place it in this new context for communication that the digital environments represent, despite the supports provided by multimodality and visual language theory. From these two disciplines, some authors have boldly suggested the emoji’s status as a gesture. However, to analyse its linguistic nature and behaviour, it is more accurate to understand the emoji, not as a gesture, but as a simplified representation of a gesture, without the unique features that a personal gesture has. The emoji seems to be the tool that, with fewer resources, best ensures that the interlocutor can understand the intentionality with which the sender has written the message.

The objective of this paper is to analyze, design, implement and evaluate a teaching strategy for improving specific content in remote English teaching. To do this, an approaching analysis of an eight-students A2 level group dealing with pronunciation problems was carried out. After that, an interview for collecting data about the most concurrent pronunciation problems appeared in the course. Valuable information was displayed to analyze the most common problems for pronunciation in A2 students. After interpreting the results, the pronunciation of regular verbs in the past tense was the most difficult problem for them. A specific strategy to cover students’ needs was designed. Since remote teaching conveys the use of technology and flipped learning is an option for the equipment available, the implementation of a video flipped learning task was designed. With the use of technology (authoring tools and mobile Apps), flipped learning, programmed instructional design students showed improvement in the pronunciation of regular verbs in the past tense. Finally, it is concluded that this innovative strategy can effectively be reproduced for developing some other learning content in remote teaching.