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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction. Methods: Prospective study including 23 eyes of 21 patients who underwent amniotic membrane transplantation at Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR) and at Cirurgia e Diagnose em Oftalmologia do Paraná (CDOP) clinic, located in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, from may 2015 to july 2019. The amniotic membrane was collected from elective and term cesarean delivery, and conserved in preservation medium and glycerol 1:1, stored at -80° Celsius. The membrane was fixed on the ocular surface with 10-0 nylon, 8-0 vicryl, biological glue or a combination of these materials. Results: The ocular surface reconstruction was successful in 22 eyes (95.6%). Failure was observed only in 1 case (bullous keratopathy) in which the condition was maintained postoperatively. Patients' age ranged from 11-82 years, with a mean age of 37.4 years. There was a higher incidence in males (66.6%). A difference was perceived in the distribution of the affected eye (which was greater in the right eye - 65.2%). As for the previous ophthalmic surgery history, 12 of the 23 eyes had a positive history (52.2%). It was observed that all patients who had preoperative visual acuity assessed showed improvement or maintenance of corrected visual acuity. In the postoperative period, complications associated with the underlying disease were observed, although not particularly related to the amniotic membrane transplantation. There were not any cases of postoperative infection. Conclusions: There was an improvement in the general state of the ocular surface in almost all of the cases in which the transplant was performed. Therefore, the amniotic membrane can be considered a good alternative for reconstructing the ocular surface, as a single or supporting treatment.

Abstract The purpose is to report a case of laser pointer-induced maculopathy and to describe its characteristics using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), further the outcome of treatment with intravitreal injections. A 35-year-old man presented with a 6-day history of central vision loss in his right eye (RE) after an accidental laser pointer discharge (wavelength of 532 nm). He underwent a full ophthalmologic examination, including SD-OCT, which suggested the presence of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This was not confirmed due to the unavailability of tools such as fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and OCT angiography. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was inicially 20/400 in the RE. Thus, considering a presumed CNV, three intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (the first one combined with triamcinolone acetonide) were performed in the RE. BCVA acuity in his RE improved to 20/25 at 3 months after the first intravitreal injection, with complete resolution of exudation. Over the following 12 months, BCVA remained stable, and no evidence of progression or development of neovascularization was observed. Laser pointer may cause subfoveal CNV when accidently directed toward the eye. In this case, the presumed CNV induced by laser had an excellent response to bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide injections.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of anterior uveitis caused by Euphorbia milii sap and review all reported cases of keratouveitis related to this species. Methods: A 64-year-old male patient presented with a 10-day history of reduced visual acuity, pain, and photophobia in the left eye after an accidental contact with Euphorbia milii sap. Best-corrected visual acuity was initially 20/200. Upon examination, ciliary injection, mild corneal edema; fine keratic precipitates, and significant anterior chamber reaction. There was no vitritis, and fundoscopy was unremarkable. The patient initiated on topical steroid and tropicamide. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity in left eye improved to 20/20 after using eyedrops for 3 weeks, associated with complete resolution of anterior uveitis. Over the following 6 months, best-corrected visual acuity remained stable, and no evidence of recurrent inflammation was observed. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia milii sap. As observed in other cases of keratouveitis caused by sap of this species, the clinical course is benign and characterized by moderate reaction of the anterior chamber, and corneal involvement of variable intensity.

Background: ocular traumas are one of the main causes of unilateral vision loss.Objective: to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients with ocular trauma treated at the emergency department of the “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” General Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas, from January through December 2019.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was carried out with a sample of 130 patients (130 eyes) with the criteria defined in the objective and who had a medical history with all the data needed for the research. The following variables were assessed: age and sex, affected eye, relationship between etiology and causative agent, type of lesion, as well as behavioral pattern of visual acuity and treatment.Results: traumas were more frequent in patients between 31 and 40 years of age (34,6 %); in the male sex; in 22,3 % of the cases they were corneal foreign bodies, with a predominance of metals. 46,9 % of the open traumas were in category 3 according to OTS, with a score between 66 and 80. 46,9 % of the patients before treatment had a vision between 0,4 to 0,7. When assessing visual acuity at six months, 71,2 % achieved a vision between 0,7 and 1. In most of the cases (71 %), medical-pharmacological treatment was performed, the rest required surgical treatment.Conclusions: characteristics of the patients with ocular trauma were described. Most of them progressed positively to treatment.

A 43-year-old man presented with decreased vision in the left eye after a blunt ocular trauma. Visual acuity was of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed a choroidal rupture and a submacular hemorrhage. Three months after trauma it was evident the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and intravitreal ranibizumab injections were initiated. The optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was better than fluorescein angiography to show evidence of CNV and was essential to follow up the progression and guide the therapeutic decisions. The treatment decision based on the OCTA findings lead to a good visual acuity outcome with a visual acuity of 20/25 seven months after the trauma.

Introduction: The dentist and auxiliary personnel are in constant risk of occupational diseases such as: allergies, infections, skin or eye injuries; that could affect patients. A problem of social interest are the ocular injuries that occur to dental personnel. The literature reveals the prevalence of eye injuries in dental practice that are associated with solid particles, fluid splashes. Our objective was, through a systematic review, to review the types of ocular injuries and their associated factors that occurred in dental practice., Material and Methods: The relevant studies were searched in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ebsco, among others. The search included cross-sectional studies that evaluated the evidence on ocular injuries occurring in dental practice, excluding literature reviews, letters to the reader, and editorials., Results: Eight studies were included to develop the systematic review; determining that the associated factors of ocular injuries occurred in dental practice are: a) occasional use of ocular protection b) age c) sex d) years of practice and the types of ocular injuries are the entry of liquids and foreign bodies., Conclusions: Deficiency in compliance with eye or facial protection protocols in dental practice, cause eye injuries; Type of fluid entry, foreign bodies, splash of biological fluids or conjunctivitis. These eye injuries are generated from associated factors such as the occasional use of eye protection, age, sex, and others., Competing Interests: Conflictos de intereses: Ninguno

OBJETIVO: Identificar as doenças oculares mais comumente presentes no serviço de urgência de um Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia localizado na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo de delineamento transversal, observacional, retrospectivo com análise de prontuários de atendimentos realizados no período de abril de 2009 a março de 2010, no Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia - CEROF da Universidade Federal de Goiás. As variáveis estudadas foram idade, sexo, procedência, doenças oculares diagnosticadas e doenças sistêmicas associadas. RESULTADOS: Um número total de 2105 prontuários foram analisados neste estudo. A faixa etária mais encontrada foi entre 15 e 29 anos (30,2%), seguida pela entre 30 e 39 anos (20,9%) e entre 40 e 49 anos (14,9%), a idade média foi 34,3 anos. Houve predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino (64,8 %) em relação ao feminino (35,2%). O local de procedência predominante foi o município de Goiânia (80,7%), com 19,2% de pacientes do interior do estado e de outros estados. As maiores causas de atendimento foram: corpo estranho extraocular (25,5%), conjuntivites infecciosas (23,6%) e ceratites e úlceras de córnea(11,3%), tumores de pálpebras e órbita(7,2%), olho seco(4,7%), e blefarite(3,8%). O trauma ocular registrou prevalência de 6,3%. CONCLUSÃO: As doenças oculares atendidas mais frequentemente na urgência do CEROF são semelhantes a outros serviços da mesma natureza no Brasil. A maior parte dos casos é considerada de resolução simples, que podem ser tratados em serviços de atendimento primário, reduzindo a referência a serviços de atendimento terciário delegando a estes casos de maior complexidade.OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of ophthalmic diseases seen in the emergency department of a specialized center in Brazilian Center-Western area. METHODS: This is a retrospective transverse observation study based on patients chart who were seen at Ophthalmic Reference Center (CEROF), Federal University of Goiás,Goiânia (GO) Brazil, between april, 2009 to march, 2010. Age, gender, origin, ocular and associated systemic diseases were identified. RESULTS: 2105 charts were analyzed. The age of patients ranged between 15-29 years-old (30.2%), 30-39 years-old (20.9%) and 40-49 years-old (14.9%), with a 34.3 years-old on average. Male gender were more frequent than females (64.8% vs 35.2%). The majority of patients live in Goiania (80.7%) and the remaining (19.3) came from other cities in the county area or from other states in Brazil. Ocular dust was the leading cause for medical attendance, followed by infectious conjunctivitis (23.6%), keratitis and cornea ulcer (11.3%), tumors of the eyelids or the orbit (7.2%), dry eyes (4.7%), and blepharitis (3.8%). Ocular trauma occurred in a 6.3% of patients. CONCLUSION: Ocular diseases in patients presenting at the emergency department of an ophthalmic reference center in the Center-Western area have a similar prevalence as in other centers in Brazil. Most of them can be treated in common health facilities and don't need to be referred to specialized centers. These centers should deal with more complex problems, saving costs and time.

Objetivo: Evaluar factores de riesgo en accidentes oculares graves infantiles. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación aplicada, epidemiológica, descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva sobre accidentes oculares graves en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial de Pinar del Río (2006-2007). El universo y muestra estuvo constituido por dos grupos de niños de 1- 20 años, ambos sexos y todas las etnias. Primer Grupo: Niños con accidente ocular grave, Segundo Grupo: Niños sin accidente ocular; determinándose una muestra total de 130 seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Fueron utilizados métodos empíricos y teóricos de investigación científica. Resultados: El trauma ocular representó el 87,8% de los ingresos de urgencia durante el período. Se encontró que el grupo etáreo de 9-12 años (40%), y sexo masculino (89,2%) fueron los más afectados. Un 76,9% de los accidentados residía en zona rural. El 96,9% se encontraba fuera de la casa y sin compañía de adultos en el momento del trauma. Predominaron las familias con conocimientos y actitudes evaluados de regulares en relación a los accidentes oculares con un 57,7 % y 60,8% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se constató elevada frecuencia de traumas oculares infantiles graves en Pinar del Río, precisando sus factores causales de riesgo y dificultades en la prevención de los mismos.Objective: To assess the risk factors for severe ocular accidents in children. Methods: An applied, epidemiological, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective research of the severe ocular accidents was conducted in the Ophthalmologic Service at "Pepe Portilla" Provincial Children Hospital, Pinar del Rio. The target group and the sample were comprised of two groups of children from 1 to 16 years old of both sexes and all ethnics. First group: children and adolescents suffering from severe ocular accidents. Second group: children and adolescents without ocular accidents; a total sample of 130 patients were chosen by means of a simple sampling at random. Empiric and theoretical scientific research methods were used. Results: The ocular trauma represented 87, 8% of the admissions in the emergency service during the period. The group of ages between 9-12 and male sex (89, 2%) were the most affected; 76, 9% lived in rural zones and 96, 9% of the accidents occurred out of the house without adult company; knowledge and attitudes towards ocular accidents were evaluated as fair in families (57,7% and 60,8% respectively). Conclusions: a high frequency of severe ocular traumas in children was verified in Pinar del Rio, specifying causal risk factors and difficulties to prevent these accidents

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to describe ocular alterations in sickle cell disease patients in Bahia, a Northeast state, with the highest prevalence of the disease in Brazil. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a group of 146 (292 eyes) sickle cell disease patients (90 HBSS and 56 HBSC). Ophthalmologic examination including indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy was performed. Examination was completed by fluorescein angiography to detect retinal lesions. RESULTS: The most frequent ocular lesions identified were "vascular tortuosity" and "black sunburst". Proliferative retinopathy was found in 22 (12.2%) eyes of HBSS patients and 25 (22.3%) eyes of HBSC patients (OR=2.06; CI95%: 1.5-4.06, p=0.022); Its frequency was higher among HBSS patients aged 20-39 years, while in HBSC patients, it peaked after 40 years (35.7% and 42.8%) and dropped sharply afterwards. CONCLUSION: Proliferative retinopathy was described as early as 10 years of age in both patients groups. Proliferative sickle retinopathy can result in blindness and the knowledge of the most prevalent ocular alterations and age risk will be important to establish a protocol of ophthalmologic follow-up, in order to prevent a severe visual loss and increase patient's life quality.OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever as alterações oculares em pacientes portadores de doença falciforme, na Bahia, um estado do Nordeste, que tem a maior prevalência da doença no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Nós conduzimos um estudo de corte transversal em um grupo de 146 (292 olhos) pacientes com Doença Falciforme (90 HBSS e 56 HBSC). Para exame oftalmológico foi realizada oftalmoscopia binocular indireta complementada pela retinografia fluorescente para detecção de lesões retinianas decorrentes da Doença Falciforme. RESULTADOS: As lesões mais frequentemente encontradas foram o aumento da tortuosidade vascular e "black sumburst" Retinopatia proliferativa foi encontrada em 22 (12,2%) olhos de pacientes HBSS e 25 (22,3%) olhos de pacientes HBSC (OR=2.06; CI95%: 1.5-4.06, p=0. 022); essa frequência foi maior entre os pacientes HBSS com idade entre 20 - 39 anos, enquanto que nos pacientes HBSC foi maior nos acima de 40 anos (35.7% e 42.8%), decaindo abruptamente após essa idade. CONCLUSÃO: Retinopatia proliferativa foi descrita por volta dos dez anos de idade em ambos os grupos. A prevalência da retinopatia falciforme proliferativa pode resultar em cegueira e o conhecimento das alterações oculares mais prevalentes e idade de risco destas em pacientes com Doença Falciforme será importante para estabelecer um protocolo de acompanhamento oftalmológico, para prevenir um dano visual clinicamente grave, aumentando a qualidade de vida destes pacientes.

La traumatología ocular supone el 10% de la traumatología general en España, siendo los accidentes oftalmológicos de origen laboral en su mayoría. Nuestro objetivo es conocer la prevalencia y etiología en nuestro medio, proponiendo medidas preventivas para disminuirlos en número y gravedad. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo trasversal en 41 trabajadores atendidos en un Servicio de Urgencias Oftalmológicas en un Hospital del Servicio Público de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid durante el mes de Abril de 2006. Mediante cuestionario específico analizamos las siguientes variables: edad sexo, profesión, sector, dispensación y uso de protección ocular, reincidencia, diagnóstico y asistencia médica Los resultado obtenidos muestran que un 25.6% de accidentes oculares son de origen laboral, que se dan en el 87 % en varones, con una edad media de 35 años; pertenecen al sector de la construcción un 85.4 %, que maneja equipo de soldadura o radial. El diagnóstico más frecuente es el impacto de cuerpo extraño y se trataba de accidente reiterado en el 32% de los casos. No posee protección ocular el 51.2% y de los que la poseen no la usa el 48%. Por todo ello nuestro esfuerzo debe encaminarse a la información y formación sobre la protección ocular, en trabajador y empresario El hecho de que el 46% podría haber sido tratado de forma ambulatoria supone que médico del trabajo debe estar entrenado en el manejo de la traumatología ocular por su frecuencia y la necesidad de tratamiento inmediato en el lugar de trabajo.Ten percent of the overall traumas in Spain are in the eye, these accidents where mostly at work. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence and etiology in our area and propose preventive measures to decrease the number of accidents and their severity. We conducted a descriptive study in 41 workers attended in an eye emergency department (Hospital San Carlos- April2006) with a specific questionnaire (variables: age, sex, occupation, industry, supply and use of eye protection, recidivism, diagnosis and medical care). The results showed 25.6% of industrial eye accidents, 87.2% where in males with an average age of 35.15 years, 85.4% belong to the construction sector. The most frequent diagnosis was the impact of foreign body. We realize that 51.2% do not have safety glasses, and between those who have it, 48% do not wear it. So, our efforts must be geared to information and training on eye protection, worker and employer. The 46.3% of accidents only need ambulatory treatment, this implies that occupational medical should be trained in handling of eye injuries by their frequency and need for immediate treatment in the workplace.

Los traumatismos faciales, en especial cuando se producen fracturas que comprometen la órbita, se relaciona en gran medida con daños de las estructuras blandas oculares y perioculares que pueden ser irreversibles. Por lo tanto, es imperativo sospechar y diagnosticar tempranamente las condiciones que ponen en riesgo el globo ocular y sus estructuras anexas y adyacentes para poder realizar un tratamiento temprano y efectivo y prevenir daños mayores. Presentamos una revisión del tema y el algoritmo de tratamiento utilizado en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, Colombia, para detectar y tratar tempranamente lesiones oculares asociadas a los traumatismos faciales, potencialmente catastróficas para la función del ojo.Facial trauma, specially associated to fractures of the orbit, is related to a great extent of damages that can be irreversible to the ocular soft structures. Therefore it is imperative to suspect and to diagnose theese conditions that put in risk the ocular globe and its adjacent structures at an early stage, in order to be able to perform rapid and effective treatment to prevent greater damage. We present a review on the subject and the algorithm of treating used at the Service of Plastic Surgery of the Hospital San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia, for early detection and treatment of potentially catastrophic injuries to the eye, associated to the facial trauma.

A luxação do bulbo ocular ocorre quando há seu deslocamento anterior, de tal forma que as pálpebras se fecham espasmodicamente por detrás dele. Diversas causas não traumáticas são relatadas, sendo que, quando provocado por traumas contusos, com grande envolvimento do nervo óptico e da musculatura extrínseca ocular, o prognóstico em geral é desfavorável. Apresentamos um dramático caso de luxação do bulbo ocular em criança após acidente doméstico, destacando seu mecanismo fisiopatológico e apreciando as condutas.The eyeball luxation is a dramatic phenomenon in which there is a forward displacement of the eyeball so that the eyelids spasmodically close behind it. There are many risk factors, non-related to trauma, but orbital contusions with optic nerve and extraocular muscles involvement carry the worst prognosis. The present paper reports a dramatic domestic case of globe luxation in childhood, its pathophysiology mechanisms and management.

Se realizó una revisión de los mecanismos de producción del glaucoma en los traumas oculares, relacionados principalmente con las contusiones sobre el globo ocular, así como de los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Oftalmológico Docente "Ramón Pando Ferrer", con el diagnóstico de glaucoma asociado a trauma, técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas y su evolución.It was made a review of the mechanisms producing glaucoma in eye traumas, related mainly to contusions on the eyeball, as well as of the patients that were operated on at "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Ophthalmological Teaching Hospital with the diagnosis of glaucoma associated with trauma, and of the surgical techniques used and their evolution.

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio realizado en 32 niños con el diagnóstico de trauma ocular. Se obtuvo un 75% de niños con trauma ocular contuso. El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 10 a 14 años. Predominó el sexo masculino. El hifema traumático fue el diagnóstico más frecuente.The results of a study carried out among 32 children with diagnosis of eye trauma are presented. 75 % of the children had contusive eye trauma. The group aged 10-14 was the most affected, and a prevalence of males was observed. The traumatic hyphaemia was the most frequent diagnosis.

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con una muestra de 71 boxeadores a los cuales se les examinaron las estructuras de referencia mediante oftalmoscopia directa y biomicroscopia ocular, antes de las 6 horas posteriores al término de sus peleas; donde se obtuvo como resultado que los anexos afectados fueron los párpados con 5 hematomas, 4 edemas y 1 excoriación; y la conjuntiva con 4 hiperemias y 8 hemorragias. En el segmento anterior del ojo sólo se afectó la córnea con 13 lesiones en total, divididas en 10 excoriaciones superficiales y 3 profundas. Las lesiones traumáticas predominantes en los anexos del ojo son las de los párpados y las de la conjuntiva y las del segmento anterior del ojo, las de la córnea. El ojo más afectado fue el izquierdo y las lesiones más frecuentes fueron en las categorías de 13 y 14, 17 y 18 y 19 y 34 años las corneales, las conjuntivales y la de los párpados, respectivamente.A retrospective study was carried out with a sample of 71 fighters, whose reference structures were examined by direct ophthalmoscopy and ocular biomicroscopy within the 6 hours following their fights. As a result, it was observed that the affected adnexa were the eyelids with 5 hematomas, 4 edemas and 1 excoriation; and the conjunctiva with 4 hyperemias and 8 hemorrhages. In the anteriro segment, only the cornea was affected with 13 lesions in all, divided into 10 superficial and 3 deep excoriations.The traumatic lesions prevailing in the adnexa of the eye are those of the eyelids and the conjunctiva, whereas the predominating traumatic lesions of the anterior segment of the eye are those of the cornea. The left eye was the most affected and the most frequent lesions were in the categories 13 and 14, 17 and 18 and 19 and 34 years old in the cornea, the conjunctiva and the eyelids, respectively.

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio realizado en 120 pacientes con hifema traumático donde se obtuvo un mayor número de ojos con hifema traumático. El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 10 a 14 años y predominó el sexo masculino en la serie.The results of a study conducted in 120 patients with traumatic hyphema, where it was found a higher number of eyes with traumatic hyphema, were presented. The age group 10-14 was the most affected and males predominated in the series.

Se realizó el estudio descriptivo, analítico y predictivo de 163 pacientes (165 ojos) con heridas perforantes del bulbo ocular sin cuerpo extraño intraocular (CEIO). Los lesionados se agruparon en 2 tipos de heridas: simple y contusas; de ellas 36 fueron heridas simples y129 heridas con contusión asociada. Los autores aplicaron en el estudio de las heridas de ambos grupos los métodos clínicos de ayuda al diagnóstico de las lesiones provocadas por el traumatismo perforante con el estudio ultrasonográfico y los estudios electrofisiológicos (ERG y PEV). Se pudo valorar en el estudio la efectividad de ambos métodos asociados al método clínico óptico-instrumental como elementos que permitieron establecer un alto porcentaje de los casos, un diagnóstico más preciso de las lesiones y ayudaron a establecer un pronóstico visual del lesionado. Sobresaliendo con esta metodología de estudio lesiones predominantes en el nivel del segmento anterior y del posterior en los dos tipos de heridas. Fue valorado el comportamiento de la agudeza visual antes y después del tratamiento en los dos grupos de heridas, obteniéndose los peores resultados en las heridas con contusión asociada y ubicadas en el segmento posterior y que presentaban un tamaño mayor que 5 mm. Pudo apreciarse cómo las heridas pequeñas tuvieron mejores resultados en la función visual independientemente de su localización topográfica. A los resultados más relevantes en el estudio clínico descriptivo (variables de interés clínico) se les aplicó métodos estadísticos y se seleccionaron los que tuvieron una alta significación. Se confeccionó un índice de predicción aproximado. Los autores muestran el índice de predicción en forma de ecuación matemática para ser aplicado en los traumatismos perforantes del bulbo ocular.A descriptive, analytical, and descriptive study on 163 patients (165 eyes) with perforating wounds of bulbus oculi without intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Patients were grouped in two types of wounds (single and contused) of which 36 were single wounds and 129 were wounds associated with contusion. In study of both types of wounds, authors applied clinical methods to help in diagnosis of lesions caused by perforating trauma. Using ultrasonographic and electrophysiologic studies (ERG and PEV) it was possible to assess effectiveness of both methods, related to instrumental-optical and clinical method as elements allowing to set up a high percent of cases, a more accurate diagnosis of injuries and helped to make a visual prognosis of injured patients. In this methodology stick out injuries prevailing at anterior and posterior level of both types of wounds. We assessed behaviour of visual aquity before and after treatments in both groups of wounds, where worse results were in associated contused wounds located in posterior segment with a size larger than 5 mm, noting that small wounds had better results in visual function, regardless topographic location. In more elevant results of descriptive study (variables of clinical interest) statistical methods were applied and those with a high significance were results. A rough prediction rate was designed. Authors present prediction rate in a forma of mathematical equation to be applied in perforating traumata of bulbus oculi.

Se informa de un paciente de 51 años de edad, obeso e hipertenso, que sufrió traumatismo con un pedazo de hueso en su ojo derecho, presentando herida perforante córneoescleral, hernia de iris y catarata traumática parcial. En el momento del acto quirúrgico sufre grave complicación anestésica con paro respiratorio por la imposibilidad de realizar intubación endotraqueal al presentar un cuello extremadamente corto de tipo constitucional y además crisis hipertensiva. Recuperado el paciente y solo bajo los efectos de la sedación administrativa, se logra reponer el iris herniado y realizar la sutura. Posteriormente, al cabo de varios días de evolución, comienza a presentar aplanamiento de la cámara anterior, catarata intumescente e hipertensión ocular. Se decidió el uso de la hipnoanestesia por el alto riesgo quirúrgico del paciente. Se realizó extracción extracapsular del cristalino, lavado con aspiración de restos capsulares y sutura sin accidentes transoperatorios. Mantuvo su presión arterial normal. No se utilizó ningún tipo de anestésico ni sedante. Al despertar del sueño hipnótico el paciente negó haber sentido dolor, refirió sentirse bien y con sensación de bienestar. El posoperatorio transcurrió sin dificultades. El alta se produjo a las 72 h. En la actualidad su presión intraocular y arterial se mantienen normales, se encuentra pendiente de láser de una tenue membrana pupilar ciclítica.The case of a 51-year-old obese and hypertensive man, who suffered a trauma with a piece of bone in his right eye that produced a corneoscleral stab wound, hernia of the iris and traumatic partial cataract was reported. During the operation he had a severe anesthetic complication with respiratory arrest due to the impossibility of performing endotracheal intubation, since the patient had an extremely short neck of constitutional type and a hypertensive crisis, too. Once the patient recovered and only under the effects of sedation, it was possible to replace the herniated iris and to suture. After some days of evolution, he began to present flattening of the anterior chamber, intumescent cataract and ocular hypertension. It was decided to use hipnoanesthesia because of the high surgical risk of the patient. Extracapsular extraction of the crystalline lens, lavage with aspiration of capsular remains and suture were made with no transoperative accidents. The patient maintained a normal arterial pressure. No anesthetics or sedatives were used. On waking up from the hypnotic sleep the patient denied having had any pain. He also said that he felt fine and that he had a sensation of well-being. No difficulties were observed during the postoperative period. He was discharged at 72 hours. At present, his intraocular and arterial pressures are normal and he is in the process of being treated with laser due to a thin pupillary cyclitic membrane.

Se realizó un estudio que abarcó el quinquenio 1990-1994 en el Hospital General Docente de Morón a toda la población infantil afectada por traumatismos oculares que representó el 51,8 % de todos los pacientes ingresados. Se analiza el mecanismo de producción, la causa del accidente, la incapacidad visual, destacándose que el 23,7 % quedó con visión peor de 0,05, la mayor frecuencia fue en los varones 70,9 %, la edad más afectada fue en el grupo de 6-10 años (49,1 %). Se realizó una proyección epidemiológica alertando sobre la gravedad de ellos y su erradicación.A study of the infantile population affected by eye injures, which accounted for 51,8 % of all admitted patients at the General Teaching Hospital of Moron from 1990-1994, was made. Mechanisms of occurence, causes of accidents and visual disability were analyzed and it was found out that the visual acuity in 23,7 % of children was under 0,05; the most affected were boys (70,9 %) and 6-10 years age group (49,1 %). An epidemiological project was carried out to alert on the seriousness of such eye injures and their erradication.

ABSTRACT A 48-year-old patient with blunt periorbital trauma presented with vertical strabismus and diplopia secondary to inferior rectus muscle avulsion. After ophthalmologic and CT scan evaluation, early surgical treatment with anatomical restoration led to improvement in motility deficits with resolution of diplopia.

Background: The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) is a scale that estimates the prognosis of injured eyes after treatment, whose results are consistent with those of longitudinal studies. The time between injury presentation and initial care has been described as a prognostic factor for visual outcome, but the OTS features of eyes receiving early or late care after trauma have not been compared., Material and Methods: Non-experimental, comparative, retrospective, cross sectional study. Patients from either gender, aged 5-80 years, with open globe trauma, without previous diseases that reduced visual acuity or previous intraocular surgery were included. The distribution of the OTS variables was identified. The sample was divided in two: group 1 (time between trauma occurrence and initial care ≤ 24 hours) and 2 (time > 24 hours). The frequency of OTS categories of unfavorable prognosis (1-3) was compared between groups (χ(2))., Results: 138 eyes of 138 patients, mean age 28.8 years, 65.2% male. The evolution time ranged 2-480 hours (mean 39.9); 103 eyes were assigned to group 1 (74.6%), and 35 to group 2 (25.4%). The proportion of categories 1-3 in group 1 (82.5%, n = 85) did not differ from that in group 2 (80%, n = 28; p = 1.0)., Conclusion: The proportion of OTS categories with unfavorable prognosis did not show significant differences between the eyes who received care before or after 24 hours that could contribute to a different outcome, besides the delay in starting treatment., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A.)

Introduction: Open-globe ocular trauma causes visual deficiency; calculating the magnitude of the latter often misses the estimation in patients without follow-up., Aim: to identify the modification of the postoperative proportion of visual deficiency in open-globe ocular trauma, which would introduce considering the proportion estimated in patients without follow-up., Methods: Non-interventional, retrospective, longitudinal, analytical study. Visual outcome in eyes with open-globe trauma, with and without follow-up, was calculated using the Ocular Trauma Score. The observed postoperative proportion of visual deficiency was identified in eyes with follow-up; in eyes without follow-up, the postoperative proportion of visual deficiency was estimated using an analysis of scenarios: best (Ocular Trauma Score), mean (that of eyes with follow-up) and worst (last observation/no visual improvement). The estimated proportion of visual deficiency was added to that observed in eyes with follow-up, and the resulting proportion was compared with that expected in the sample, using the Ocular Trauma Score (χ(2))., Results: 104 eyes, 70 without follow-up and 34 without it. In eyes with follow-up the expected proportion of visual deficiency was 58.6%, and the observed one was 71.4% (p = 0.1); the estimated proportion of visual deficiency in eyes without follow-up was 76.5%. The resulting postoperative proportion of visual deficiency in the sample would be 73.1%, which would overcome that expected by the Ocular Trauma Score (59.6%, p = 0.04)., Conclusions: In open-globe ocular trauma, the efficacy of surgery to reduce the proportion of visual deficiency would decrease with regard to the standard expected by the Ocular Trauma Score, if the deficiency estimated in eyes without follow-up were considered.

Case Report: We describe the case of a 42 year-old man who, after suffering an eye contusion, subsequently presented with a posterior scleral rupture, which was diagnosed using orbital computed tomography (OCT), and controlled without surgical treatment. The OCT performed two weeks later showed that the eyeball was intact., Conclusions: A scleral rupture must be suspected when these three characteristics are present: hyphema, subconjunctival and vitreous haemorrhage., (Copyright © 2010 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)