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Introducción: tanto las espondiloartritis (EspA) como la arteritis de Takayasu (TAK) son enfermedades infrecuentes, y su asociación es aún más rara. Objetivos: presentar una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico concomitante de EspA o con rasgos de EspA y TAK en Argentina, y realizar una revisión de la literatura respecto de esta asociación. Materiales y métodos: se recopilaron las características demográficas, clínicas y terapéuticas de pacientes con diagnóstico concomitante de EspA o con algunos rasgos de EspA y TAK de distintos centros de salud de la República Argentina. Resultados: se describen 7 pacientes, de los cuales 4 presentaban EspA, uno con compromiso axial (EspAax) juvenil, otro con artritis psoriásica (APs), otro con espondilitis anquilosante (EA) y el último con EspAax pura, y 3 de ellos tuvieron rasgos de EspA (enfermedad Crohn, psoriasis y oligoartritis asimétrica de grandes articulaciones). En la mayoría de los casos, los rasgos de EspA se presentaron con una mediana de 4 años antes de la TAK. Conclusiones: varios reportes y series de casos relatan la superposición entre estas dos enfermedades. Si bien las mismas podrían compartir cierta base genética común, todavía no contamos con evidencia sólida que permita estimar que esta asociación no es casual.

O artigo é uma reflexão crítica sobre o paradigma do pensamento, da linguagem e dos métodos da produção filosófica sul americana, em linha, todavia, com uma epistemologia euro-anglocêntrica que retroalimenta, perpetua e inova a colonialidade contemporânea, em detrimento do modus vivendi, dos temas e das problemáticas próprias dos povos do continente. Para tal, partimos da hermenêutica de dois elementos considerados originários e perduráveis na vida dos povos sul americanos: a ‘Terra’ e a’ Coletividade’, formulados também com o termo ‘Estar’ em substituição ao ‘Ser’, os quais são abordados filosoficamente por dois pensadores, Rodolfo Kusch e Ailton Krenak. Apesar de pertencerem a diferentes épocas, eles enunciam que a terra e a coletividade, com os seus significados e legados ancestrais, formam uma irredutível e persistente resistência à ocidentalização das culturas marginais. Em base à interpretação deste tópos: a terra e a coletividade e seus significados, passamos a inferir criticamente sobre os princípios educacionais em curso e a urgência de superar as colonialidades veladas que pervadem seus fundamentos alinhados aos anseios mercadológicos, buscando, por fim, recuperar a perspectiva ética e intercultural de convivência, tanto entre os povos quanto com as constelações de viventes, como uma contrapartida ao modelo usurpador dos recursos, imposto pelo mercado global.

O presente estudo analisa a influência dos fatores temporais na dinâmica dos crimes de roubo e furto à residência no município de Cuiabá/MT. Para isso, toma como base teórica e estrutura de orientação as teorias da atividade rotineira e da escolha racional. Apesar de analisar a distribuição de tais crimes por ano, mês, estação do ano, dia da semana e período do dia, os resultados estatísticos apenas apontam que os roubos são mais concentrados no período noturno. Todavia, a pesquisa indica que os crimes de roubo e furto à residência possuem padrões temporais específicos, o que é de grande importância para embasar as políticas de segurança pública na cidade, as quais deverão adotar, por exemplo, variadas estratégias de prevenção para diferentes períodos do dia e do ano.

Varios reportes comunicaron diferentes tipos de vasculitis en asociación temporal con una variedad de vacunas, y más recientemente con las vacunas para enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Sin embargo, la escasez de estudios controlados y la heterogeneidad metodológica de los reportes no permiten una conclusión clara sobre su relación causal. Informamos el caso de un varón que desarrolló vasculitis leucocitoclástica, confirmada por biopsia de piel y sin compromiso sistémico, luego de la inmunización contra la COVID-19 con la vacuna de AstraZeneca.

ABSTRACT Knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention is a necessary step for adopting preventive behaviors. We assessed HIV knowledge and its correlation with the perceived accuracy of the “Undetectable = Untransmittable” (U=U) slogan in an online sample with 401 adult Brazilians. Overall, 28% of participants showed high HIV knowledge level. The perceived accuracy of the U=U slogan significantly correlated with HIV knowledge. Younger participants, those reporting lower income or lower education, or who had never tested for HIV showed poorer HIV knowledge. Filling gaps of knowledge among specific populations is urgent in order to increase preventive behaviors and decrease HIV stigma.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with HIV/syphilis co-infection in people initiating antiretroviral therapy in Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais. METHODS A sectional section of a prospective cohort study was carried out with people living with HIV, treatment-naive, initiating antiretroviral therapy, older than 16 years, and in follow-up treatment at specialized HIV/Aids care services in Belo Horizonte. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, laboratory and pharmacological treatment-related data were obtained through interviews, medical records, and information systems for logistical control of antiretroviral medications and laboratory tests. The dependent variable was the first episode of active syphilis, recorded by the physician in clinical records, within 12 months after beginning of the antiretroviral therapy. Factors associated with HIV/syphilis co-infection were assessed using binary multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 459 individuals included, a prevalence of 19.5% (n = 90) of sexually transmitted infections (STI) was observed, with syphilis (n = 49) being the most frequent STI in these individuals. The prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection was 10.6% (n = 49), and the associated independent factors were alcohol use (OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.01–5.26), and having a diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections (OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.24–8.95). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection in people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Belo Horizonte. HIV/syphilis co-infection was associated with behavioral and clinical factors, such as alcohol use and diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections. Prior knowledge about the factors associated with this co-infection may support the decisions of health professionals engaged in the care to people living with HIV, with regard to timely diagnosis, guidance, follow-up and adequate treatment, both for syphilis and HIV.

O farmacêutico deve atuar de forma estratégica no controle da tuberculose, por meio do acompanhamento de pacientes durante todo o tratamento. Para isso, deve possuir um nível de conhecimento adequado para as suas atividades. O objetivo com o presente estudo é avaliar o conhecimento sobre tuberculose pelos farmacêuticos que atuavam na Atenção Primária à Saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, mediante a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado e autoaplicável. O instrumento de pesquisa apresentava itens de avaliação de conhecimento nos seguintes domínios: tuberculose, Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO), diagnóstico e tratamento. Observou-se que 53 (94,6%) farmacêuticos participaram da pesquisa. A proporção de acertos nas questões relativas ao conhecimento de aspectos da tuberculose variou de 61,8% a 97,1%, com média de 79,6%. A proporção média de acertos foi de 88,0%, 89,9%, 64,6% e 77,7% nos domínios tuberculose, TDO, diagnóstico e tratamento, respectivamente. Os farmacêuticos apresentaram proporção média de acertos acima de 70% nos domínios de conhecimento tuberculose, tratamento e TDO. No entanto, observaram-se lacunas de conhecimento no diagnóstico e esquemas terapêuticos para grupos especiais.

Learning reading involves skills such as phonological awareness, alphabetic knowledge and naming speed. Different teaching methods have a different effect on their acquisition differently. This study analyses 1) the differential effect of analytic and synthetic phonological methods of acquiring reading skills, 2) whether the differences found, according to the method, followed the same pattern in the first four years of initial reading and 3) the effectiveness of the methods of teaching reading on reading performance in each one of the four years of initial reading studies. Therefore, cross-sectional study was conducted. Sample consisted of 614 children of kindergarten (aged 4 and 5), and first and second grade students (aged 6 and 7) from schools located in Valencia and Castellon. Instruments applied was RAN (Rapid Automatized Naming Test) and BIL (Initial Reading Program) (aged 4 and 5), and ACL (Reading Comprehension Test), DST-J (Dyslexia Screening Test) and a subtest of PROLEC-R (Battery for the Evaluation of Reading Processes revised) (aged 6 and 7). The analysis consisted of some t-tests to compare the effect of the two study methods at different developmental stages on the analyzed variables and two-factor (year and method) MANOVAs were used for each educational level. Results show the weight of the major reading skills involved vary throughout the process, so phonological awareness, naming speed or alphabetic knowledge have greater relevance during the early school years, while naming speed stands apart as the only variable at ages 6 and 7, when reading requirements change. The synthetic phonological method enhances the most important skills in learning to read in kindergarten, while in Primary Education, the global method provides more successful results in reading performance. The differential influence method has on reading performance also depends on the educational stage.

The study of the factors that influence the acquisition of reading facilitates the early detection of reading learning difficulties. Phonological awareness, alphabetic knowledge, naming speed has been highlighted as predictive skills. All of them are acquired throughout school but they do not have the same degree of involvement in the different phases of reading learning. This seems to depend, in part, on the teaching method of the reading used. The objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the skills involved in the beginning of reading and writing in Early Childhood Education that predict the level of reading comprehension in Primary Education and know the differential weight that phonological awareness, naming speed and other skills involved in the reading process have during the first years of instruction depending on the method used. Therefore, a longitudinal study was carried out in which 130 students enrolled in educational centres located in the provinces of Castellón and Valencia. 52% of them were studying according to the syntheticphonological method and 48% were following the analytic method. Instruments applied was RAN (Rapid Automatized Naming Test) and BIL (Initial Reading Program), and ACL (Reading Comprehension Test). The structural equation model has shown that in both methods the naming speed at 4 years has a significant effect on the variables related to the beginning of the reading at 5 years and these variables influence the reading comprehension of these children at 6 years. This indicates that naming speed constitutes the foundation of the phonological coding process on which the reader process is based.

The domain of multiplication and division operations depends on both algorithm management and the ability to identify the semantic structure of the problem and to translate it into mathematical language. Many students present difficulties in identifying the semantic structure of the problem but not applying the algorithm when the problem is presented numericaly. The aim of the study is to validate an assessment tool of the processes involved in multiplication and division problems solving in order to identify the causes of mistakes. The administration to 368 ten-to-twelve yearsold children highlighted a three-factor structure of the test: a factor composed of tasks that require just the domain of the algorithm, a second one that demand the identification of the operation, and a third one requiring both processes. The reliability of the instrument has been satisfactory and a qualitative analysis of the responses to the error detection and correction is proposed.

Although the relation between Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Reading is clear, there is no a standardized test to measure the speed of naming in early literacy. The aim is to explore and confirm the factorial structure of the RAN test developed by Wolf and Denkla (2003) in children. RAN test was administred to 442 children aged 4-5 years. Results highlighted two factors: a “nonalphanumeric components” factor which includes “RAN colors” and “RAN images” and an “alphanumeric components” factor which collects “RAN letters” and “ RAN numbers”. Moreover, results highlighted a gradual shift of weight that each component of the test has in the two analyzed years and a consequent reduction in the discrimination ability of the test. In conclusion, this study not only allows to analyze the structure of the instrument “RAN”, but also describes how the speed of naming works over the early literacy.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess longitudinally the change in quality of life in people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in three public reference services specialized in HIV care in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS Prospective cohort study among people living with HIV, aged 18 years or older, and initiating antiretroviral therapy. We obtained sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical data related to pharmacological treatment and to the service by face-to-face interviews, and supplemented these data with information from clinical records and Information Systems of the Brazilian HIV/AIDS Program. We measured the quality of life using the WHOQOL-HIV bref instrument, with a minimum interval of six months between the baseline and the follow-up interviews. We used paired t-test to assess the mean change in quality of life between the two interviewsand evaluated factors associated with this outcome using multiple linear regression. RESULTS The overall quality of life, as well as the physical, psychological, level of independence, environment and spiritual quality of life domains were statistically higher in people living with HIV using antiretroviral therapy at the end of the follow-up. Factors independently associated with the increase in quality of life were having religious belief and living with other people. Having signs or symptoms of anxiety and depression and the number of adverse drug reactions reported were predictors associated with worsening quality of life. CONCLUSIONS These results show an improvement in the quality of life over time in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. They also highlight the need to monitor and provide health care support, especially for individuals with signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression and that report adverse reactions to medicines at the beginning of treatment.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and evaluate the factors associated with this outcome in people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of a prospective concurrent cohort of 462 individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy at three HIV/AIDS specialized services in Belo Horizonte between 2015 and 2017. The following smoking status were used: current smoker (CS), former smoker (FS) and non-smoker (NS). Multinomial logistic regression was performed with NS as the reference category. RESULTS: Most participants were men (81.4%), young (up to 34 years old; 57.2%) and non-white (75.7%). Of the total number of individuals, 27.7% were CS, 22.9% FS, and 49.4% NS. Most smokers were light smokers (65.1%), consumed up to 10 cigarettes per day and had been smoking for more than 10 years (63.3%), starting on average at 17.2 years of age (SD = 5.1). In the multivariate analysis, higher chances of being CS were associated with: being female, having up to 9 years of schooling, current or prior use of alcohol and illicit drugs (marijuana, cocaine and crack) and presenting signs and/or symptoms of anxiety or depression. Higher chances of being FS were associated with having up to 9 years of schooling and current or prior use of alcohol and illicit drugs (marijuana and crack). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that smoking is highly prevalent among PLHIV, indicating the need for HIV specialized services to prioritize smoking cessation interventions. These interventions should consider the use of alcohol and illicit drugs and be targeted especially to young people, those with low schooling and with signs and/or symptoms of anxiety or depression.

Thermal treatments have the effect of reducing the hygroscopicity and improving the resistance to microbiological attack of wood by the degradation of its chemical constituents. During the treatments, the mass of the wood is reduced, a factor that can affect the quality of the materials according to their use. The objective was to verify the effect of the thermal treatment variables on the thermogravimetric properties and the chemical composition of Eucalyptus grandis. The treatments were carried out in a vacuum oven with three atmosphere conditions - vacuum; N2; vacuum+N2 at temperatures of 140, 180 and 220 °C for 6 hours. It was observed that the mass loss during treatments differed only according to the temperatures used. The extractive content, total lignin and holocellulose presented significant changes only at 220°C in all three atmospheres. In the thermogravimetric analysis, the greatest value of residual mass was found in the treatment that used nitrogen and 220 °C, thus demonstrating that this treatment was more invasive, leading to the conclusion that the vacuum application can help to reduce the degradation of the constituents of the eucalypti wood. wood, which can lead to the production of thermally treated wood without great losses in the mechanical properties.

The study of the factors that influence the active and healthy aging process is one of the main interests of psychogerontology. In this sense, psychological well-being is a reliable indicator that ensures the success of this process, while sexuality becomes a relevant modulating variable. The aim of this paper is to determine if attitudes towards sexuality and psychological well-being of ederly people are modulated by residence type, marital status and degree of autonomy. For this purpose, Ageing Attitude Scale on Sexuality and Psychological Well-Being Scale is used in a sample of 70 people, 35 women and 35 men, from 65 to 95 years old (M = 76.78; DT = 8.3). The results show that, in general, more liberal attitudes towards sexuality and greater psychological well-being are significantly associated with living outside residential institutions and maintaining a sentimental relationship with a stable partner. On the other hand, the degree of autonomy only obtains statistical significance in psychological well-being but not in attitudes towards sexuality. In conclusion, ederly people represent a stigmatised segment of the population (with many associated myths and negative beliefs), for this reason, this study contributes to create a positive conception of the aging process, normalizing behaviors and emphasizing the variables to be considered in the elaboration of intervention programs.

Background: The ability of the student to quickly name familiar stimuli (RAN) is a factor involved in reading performance that can be evaluated indiscriminately throughout the first years of schooling. The objectiveof this study, then, is to analyze if the acquisition of this ability depends on variables related to an early initiation to the reading-writing or if its development is related to factors of chronological maturity. Method: To this end, the RAN test was applied to 71 6-7 years old children from Croatia (culture in which the initiation to reading is later); to 44 4-5 years old Spanish children (equating the two groups by age of beginning of the reading-writing) and to 43 6-7 years old Spanish children (equating the two groups by chronological age). The results show that by comparing the group of Croatian children with the group of Spanish children aged 4-5 years, significant differences stand out in the appointment times of the stimuli of the 4 different components of the test. Older children recognize numbers and letters more quickly while younger ones take longer in these stimuli, recognizing objects and colors more quickly. However, comparing the two groups of children aged 6-7 years (Croatians and Spanish), no statistically significant differences were found. It is concluded that the development of the RAN is characterized by an earlier acquisition of nonsymbolic stimuli (objects-colors) than symbolic stimuli (letters-numbers) and that this acquisition is related more to factors of chronological maturity than of age of beginning of the reading-writing. This ability, therefore, despite being closely related to the learning of reading and writing, seems to develop independently of the age at which such learning begins.

Due to the strong link between sexual satisfaction, relational satisfaction and the attachment of both members of the dyad, the aim of this study was to examine the sexual and relational satisfaction in different attachment styles combinations. To address this, sexual and relational satisfaction in the different attachment styles of each participant as well as their partners were analyzed. Eightysix heterosexual couples participated, aged 20-60 years old. The results show that people with secure attachment have both better sexual and relational satisfaction. Heterosexual couples where both are secure, are those who are most satisfied. Secure women are less satisfied with their couple when men are anxious. However, men are equally satisfied whether the women feel secure or anxious. Thus, the satisfaction of the anxious member of the couple will depend on the attachment styles as well as the sex of the partner.

Sexual satisfaction is the affective and emotional response arising from the evaluation of personal sexual interactions and the perception of the consummation of erotic desire. Marital satisfaction, defined as the attitude towards marital interaction and the emotional and structural aspects of the couple, is considered one of the strongest predictors of sexual satisfaction. There are other variables that may intervene in the sexual and marital satisfaction of women. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of age, and the variety of sexual and affective practices, on sexual and marital satisfaction of women with a stable partner. The sample consists of 600 women between the ages of 18 and 60 (M = 31.57; SD = 9.14) who, regardless of their sexual orientation, maintain a stable relationship with a duration of two or more years. The Sexual Satisfaction Scale, the Marital Satisfaction Scale and a sexual practices inventory were applied to all of them. An inverse relationship with age is observed, with the younger age group presenting significantly higher scores in the “Communication” Factor of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale, as well as in the Marital Satisfaction Scale. It was also has been found that a greater variety of sexual and affective practices, both during and after sexual intercourse, is related to a greater sexual satisfaction. Finally, marital satisfaction is directly related to sexual satisfaction. Young women with a wide variety of sexual and affective practices have greater sexual and marital satisfaction. The complexity of the study suggests the need for multicausal models on the variable involved in female sexual satisfaction.

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar concepções sobre ambientalização curricular de gestores e professores coordenadores de cursos de graduação de uma Universidade comunitária do interior de Santa Catarina. A abordagem metodológica desse estudo caracterizou - se pelo enfoque quanti-qualitativo que articulou pesquisa-ação participante (THIOLLENT, 2008; HAGUETTE, 2003), técnicas de análise documental e de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2008; FRANCO, 2008). Para análise documental contou - se com o software MAXQDA 12 para análise quantitativa dos Planos de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI), Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos de Graduação (PPC) e Planos de Ensino (PE) dos cursos que apresentassem três ou mais Indícios de Ambientalização. Foram entrevistados gestores, coordenadores de curso e professores das disciplinas dos cursos que apresentaram os indícios acima citados. Dessas entrevistas emergiram a concepção de ambientalizalização de um grupo de 10 entrevistados.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy and the associated factors according to the type of regimen used: Single Tablet Regimen or Multiple Tablet Regimen. METHODS Prospective cohort of 440 patients (male, 74.3%, median age, 36 years old) who initiated antiretroviral therapy between Jan/14 and Dec/15 at a referral service in Belo Horizonte. Efficacy was defined as viral suppression (viral load, VL < 50 copies/ml) and evaluated after six and twelve months of treatment. Sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral data were collected from clinical charts and from Information Systems. Multivariate analysis of overall effectiveness was performed by logistic regression. RESULTS Most patients initiated Multiple Tablet Regimen antiretroviral therapy (n = 255, 58%). At six months, overall viral suppression was 74.6%, being higher among patients who used Single Tablet Regimen (80.6%, p = 0.04). At twelve months, 83.2% of patients reached viral suppression, with no difference between groups (p = 0.93). Factors independently associated with viral suppression at six and twelve months varied, being negatively associated with effectiveness: VL ≥ 100,000 copies/ml, symptoms of AIDS, longer interval time between diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy, antiretroviral switching, smoking or current illicit drugs usage (p < 0.05). Factors positively associated with viral suppression included adherence to antiretroviral therapy and category of risk/exposure of men who have sex with men (p < 0.05). Reaching viral suppression at six months was the main predictor of effectiveness at one year (OR = 8.96 and p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Viral suppression was high and better results were achieved for patients who used Single Tablet Regimen regimens at six months. Clinical, behavioral, and antiretroviral therapy -related factors influence viral suppression and highlight the need for interventions to increase early diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy, patient’s adherence, and to reduce illicit drugs and cigarette smoking in this population.

This article aims to present a new vision of health concept by eliminating the causes of breakdown of homeostasis in the informational level. Initially, the study was based on observation of treatment of 2.500 cases and currently reach the number of 7.320 people treated. We hope this article contribute to the paradigm shift in search of simplification of treatment processes, and to contribute to the field of Applied Gerontology through the care of the elderly so that they can grow old with emotional health, mental and physics.

A sociedade moderna caracteriza-se pela generalização da moda, que é a valorização do novo. Marcas de moda, portanto, são aquelas cujos produtos renovam-se ciclicamente, apresentando modificações constantemente. Em que sentido essas mudanças tendem a ocorrer é o que buscam prever as pesquisas de tendências, realizadas de maneira profissional pelos bureaux de estilo. A sociedade contemporânea é marcada também pelo hiperconsumo, em que os indivíduos adquirem muito mais que a funcionalidade dos produtos: eles buscam experenciar sensações, sentimentos, compartilhar valores, estilos de vida e personalidades. Nesse sentido, as marcas atribuem muito mais que uma assinatura aos produtos, mas sua gestão, ou branding, visa associar a seus nomes uma série de atributos intangíveis com os quais se identifique um grupo de consumidores. O objetivo deste estudo, nesse cenário, é descrever e analisar as relações entre a moda, o hiperconsumo, a gestão de marcas e a pesquisa de tendências na sociedade moderna.

Este estudo transversal analisou os fatores de vulnerabilidade social, individual e programática associados ao baixo conhecimento em HIV/AIDS entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). A técnica amostral Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) foi utilizada em dez cidades brasileiras. Os escores de conhecimento em HIV/AIDS foram estimados pela Teoria de Resposta ao Item e categorizados em três níveis: alto, médio e baixo conhecimento. O modelo de regressão logística ordinal foi utilizado para a análise. Dentre os 3.746 HSH, encontrou-se 36,6%, 37,4% e 26% com alto, médio e baixo conhecimento, respectivamente. No modelo final, apresentaram associação com o baixo conhecimento: escolaridade ≤ 8 anos, cor da pele não branca, critério de classe econômica C e D-E, idade < 25 anos, ter somente um parceiro sexual e nunca ter feito o teste anti-HIV. É fundamental melhorar o nível de conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS entre os jovens HSH, com condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Intervenções focadas nos fatores de vulnerabilidade programática podem contribuir para a redução dos fatores individual e social.

Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, realizado mediante a aplicação de questionário em uma amostra aleatória e representativa de 489 agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) a respeito da tuberculose (TB), suas medidas de controle e o tratamento diretamente observado (TDO), em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A proporção média de itens acertados foi de 74,6%. A proporção média de acertos no domínio TB foi 81%; no domínio medidas de controle, 84,1%; e sobre TDO, 59,4%. Verificou-se uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre a identificação de pacientes com TB pulmonar, o público-alvo do TDO, e a técnica adequada para supervisão do tratamento. Foi observada associação entre maior conhecimento e tempo de atuação igual ou superior a três anos (RC = 2,3) e acompanhamento de casos nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista (RC = 1,7). Este trabalho apresentou informações inéditas na literatura científica sobre o nível de conhecimento dos ACS sobre TDO, e poderá subsidiar estratégias destinadas ao aperfeiçoamento das atividades de controle da tuberculose.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a frequência de afastamentos por doenças ocupacionais de trabalhadores rurais em uma safra canavieira. Foram analisados 1.230 atestados médicos classificados de acordo com a 10a revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) de 400 trabalhadores rurais. Nos atestados foram analisados: diagnóstico médico, sexo, dias de afastamento e período do afastamento. Em todos os períodos as doenças osteomusculares apresentaram maior frequência de atestados seguidos das doenças respiratórias (p < 0,05). Os atestados por doenças osteomusculares foram mais frequentes no fim da safra do que na entressafra (p < 0,05). Em relação ao número de dias afastados, 75% dos atestados foram de um dia. Os atestados por doenças do aparelho geniturinário obtiveram maior número de dias afastados (p < 0,001). Assim, é fundamental a atuação de uma equipe multidisciplinar de profissionais da saúde que atentem para o desenvolvimento de atividades de ergonomia, equipamentos de proteção individual e orientações de saúde direcionadas especificamente às necessidades dessa população.

La diseminación de contenidos sexuales a través de distintos portales de Internet facilita que muchos adolescentes sean expuestos involuntariamente mientras navegan, con el impacto negativo que a veces esto podría suponer. Por eso es importante explorar qué aspectos pueden amortiguar los efectos negativos de esta exposición, como por ejemplo la pre-exposición voluntaria a pornografía. Este es precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo. Tomando una muestra de 152 chicos adolescentes de entre 14 y 16 años, se constata que efectivamente los pre-expuestos voluntariamente no sólo experimentan menos síntomas a consecuencia de la exposición involuntaria, sino que además parecen extraer aspectos positivos de ésta.

Because of a lack of research examining early learning skills involved in writing and, above all, the lack of tests evaluating it, the main objective of this work is the validation in the spanish context of SHELL’s subscales related to emergent writing skills. Participants were 119 students from the provinces of Castellón and Valencia, who have been evaluated when 4 years old. The administered instrument was a spanish version of the subtests related to early writing of SHELL scale in which the child has to choose between some letters, the one he needs to write some words (his/her name, “sea”, “sun”, “whistle” and “sun”). Results of the exploratory factor analysis allow to identify two factors which differ in frequency of occurrence and complexity of words and letters that compose them. So, in the "high exposure" factor saturate more frequent and simple words and in the "low exposure" factor we can find less common words and letters whose learning is delayed because of their complexity component. Furthermore, analysis of the reliability of the test has highlighted a general Cronbach Alpha test of .72 (with oscillations between .56 and .97 in the different items). Therefore, we conclude not only that the scale has a good internal consistency, but also that it is possible to consider the spanish adaptation developed, as a reliable and robust assessment of the writing emergent skills.

El análisis de los procesos cognitivos que están a la base de la habilidad lectora ha permitido detectar algunos predictores del desarrollo de las habilidades fonológico-ortográficas e identificar la velocidad de nombramiento como un buen predictor del éxito de la adquisición de la lectura, o en su defecto, de las dificultades lectoras en edad escolar. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación que existe entre velocidad de nombramiento y el aprendizaje inicial de la lectoescritura a través del análisis de aspectos como la influencia de los hábitos lectores, la edad de inicio de la lecto-escritura o la participación en métodos de aprendizaje específicos como el Kumon. En el estudio participaron 289 niños de 4 a 6 años. Los resultados indican que la velocidad de nombramiento correlaciona con la conciencia fonológica, predice la comprensión lectora, se ve favorecida por unos buenos hábitos lectores familiares así como por como el método Kumon mostrándose especialmente relevante cuando se está iniciando la lectoescritura. Estos resultados permiten concluir la relevancia de esta función en la predicción del éxito en el inicio de la lecto-escritura.

Numerous studies have tried to identify the set of skills and knowledge that are the basis for the development of literacy as phonological awareness, orthographic awareness and RAN. Since learning of literacy has its onset between 3 and 6 years, which is the maximum period of brain plasticity, it is clear the need to relate certain brain functions with the early onset of the skills that are the basis of its learning. Thus, the main objective of this work is the detection of neuropsychological functions that allow proper development of all those skills. Participants were 119 students who have been assessed twice, when 4 and 5 years old. The instruments used were the BIL, the Rapid Automatized Naming and CUMANIN. Results indicate that at 4 years all neuropsychological variables that were examined showed a positive correlation with the alphabetically knowledge presented by children. Moreover, in this age has also been relevant the role of spatial structure and visual perception in acquiring the ability to recognize and name as quickly as possible a series of stimuli. Thus, we conclude the presence of a strong relationship between neurocognitive functions (as psychomotricity, spatial structure, attention and visual perception) and the early literacy learning skills.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las actitudes ante la expresión de la sexualidad, los conocimientos sobre prácticas sexuales seguras y de riesgo y el comportamiento sexual en una muestra de mujeres con discapacidad intelectual, para prevenir la violencia sexual hacia este colectivo. La muestra está compuesta por 39 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre 27 y 52 años, residentes en viviendas tuteladas, centros residenciales o unidades familiares. Los resultados obtenidos a través de una entrevista estructurada y una escala de percepción sexual adaptada a la población de estudio, indican que la conducta más aceptable y frecuente en mujeres entre los 27 y 35 años es la práctica de sexo oral tanto con hombres como con mujeres. Las relaciones sexuales habían sido más practicadas por mujeres entre los 44 y 52 años y también este segmento había recibido más abusos sexuales. En relación al tipo de vivienda, en las mujeres que residen en viviendas tuteladas la masturbación, el sexo oral y el vaginal más frecuentes que en otros tipos de vivienda, mientras que las actitudes ante la expresión de la sexualidad en público y el conocimiento sobre prácticas sexuales seguras y de riesgo, son más favorables en mujeres que residían en centros residenciales. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de adecuar los programas de educación afectiva-sexual a los diferentes tipos de vivienda y/o estilos de vida de este colectivo.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar e qualificar a biomassa residual produzida em plantios comerciais de Pinus taeda L., em diferentes idades e sistemas de manejo, visando à geração de energia em sistemas de cogeração. As idades dos povoamentos foram: três anos (primeira poda), seis anos (terceira poda), 10 anos (terceira poda), 12 anos (primeiro desbaste), 14 anos (primeiro desbaste), 16 anos (segundo desbaste) e 24 anos (corte raso). Cinco árvores foram colhidas em cada idade, e seus componentes separados, pesados e analisados quanto ao teor de umidade e ao poder calorífico. Os dados quantitativos e qualitativos foram correlacionados para determinar o potencial de geração de energia elétrica a partir da biomassa florestal. Os plantios de Pinus taeda L. produziram de 30 a 95 t de biomassa florestal/ha, respectivamente, aos 3 e 24 anos de idade. O maior potencial produtivo de biomassa para a geração de energia são o corte raso (24 anos), o primeiro desbaste (14 anos) e a terceira poda (10 anos), respectivamente. O material com melhor qualidade para geração de energia foi o galho, com o menor teor de umidade (54%) e o maior poder calorífico líquido (1.784 kcal/kg), sendo 24, 14 e 10 anos as melhores idades. O sistema de manejo e as práticas silviculturais têm influência, juntamente com a idade, na produção de biomassa por unidade de área. O rendimento energético da biomassa recém-colhida é baixo, necessitando de tratamento prévio para redução do teor de umidade e aumento do poder calorífico líquido.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among men who have sex with men in Brazil using the latent trait model estimated by Item Response Theory. METHODS Multicenter, cross-sectional study, carried out in ten Brazilian cities between 2008 and 2009. Adult men who have sex with men were recruited (n = 3,746) through Respondent Driven Sampling. HIV/AIDS knowledge was ascertained through ten statements by face-to-face interview and latent scores were obtained through two-parameter logistic modeling (difficulty and discrimination) using Item Response Theory. Differential item functioning was used to examine each item characteristic curve by age and schooling. RESULTS Overall, the HIV/AIDS knowledge scores using Item Response Theory did not exceed 6.0 (scale 0-10), with mean and median values of 5.0 (SD = 0.9) and 5.3, respectively, with 40.7% of the sample with knowledge levels below the average. Some beliefs still exist in this population regarding the transmission of the virus by insect bites, by using public restrooms, and by sharing utensils during meals. With regard to the difficulty and discrimination parameters, eight items were located below the mean of the scale and were considered very easy, and four items presented very low discrimination parameter (< 0.34). The absence of difficult items contributed to the inaccuracy of the measurement of knowledge among those with median level and above. CONCLUSIONS Item Response Theory analysis, which focuses on the individual properties of each item, allows measures to be obtained that do not vary or depend on the questionnaire, which provides better ascertainment and accuracy of knowledge scores. Valid and reliable scales are essential for monitoring HIV/AIDS knowledge among the men who have sex with men population over time and in different geographic regions, and this psychometric model brings this advantage.

The planning and implementation of legal units of environmental management have been conflicting, generating social and economic predicaments. These conflicts generate cognitive, emotional and affective movements, that somehow contribute to learning with the operation. The Environmental Education, as a mediating process, enables the collective construction of the sustainable development process for the productive sectors, with an open methodological proposal, whose model is to generate solutions from social participation. In this sense, it is understood that Environmental Education is a process of educational praxis that aims at building values, attitudes, concepts, skills, standards, knowledge and shared practices for the constructing a style of thinking that contributes to environmental citizenship. Trying to understand and contribute with this social dynamics, have been conducted, from 2001 to 2006, numerous and multiple environmental teaching actions in the highlands region of Santa Catarina. This movement resulted in the development of an open model of environmental education which is mediated by the environmental perception of social actors involved, understanding perception as the integration of biological, psychological and social dimensions. Thus, the proposition for the Open Model of Environmental Education with the paradigm of transdisciplinary opening mediated by the environmental perception of social actors involved will result in the collective construction of solutions to local environmental problems.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de cortadores de cana-de-açúcar. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal em uma usina sucroalcooleira no Oeste do estado de São Paulo de abril (final da entressafra) a outubro (final da safra) de 2010. Foram avaliados 44 cortadores de cana-de-açúcar tabagistas e não tabagistas em três períodos: ao final da entressafra, no fim do terceiro mês de safra e no final da safra. A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foi avaliada pelo questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Foram realizados análise de variância para medidas repetidas e teste de Friedman para comparar a qualidade de vida entre os períodos. Utilizou-se o teste de Goodman para identificar a frequência dos trabalhadores cujo escore aumentou nos períodos de safra em comparação com a entressafra (respondedores positivos), considerando-se as variáveis qualitativas dos domínios do SF-36. RESULTADOS: Ao final da entressafra, 23% dos trabalhadores desistiram do trabalho; 27% eram tabagistas. Houve decréscimo significativo no domínio vitalidade no final da safra em comparação com a entressafra. Os desistentes apresentaram maior escore no domínio aspecto social em relação ao grupo que permaneceu no trabalho. Não houve diferença na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre tabagistas e não tabagistas. No entanto, observou-se maior percentual de respondedores positivos entre não tabagistas nos domínios aspecto físico, social e emocional nos três meses de safra e nos domínios estado geral de saúde e aspecto social nos seis meses de safra, quando comparados aos tabagistas. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em cortadores de cana-de-açúcar mostrou-se diminuída após o período de safra no domínio vitalidade. Os trabalhadores que permaneceram na safra são os que apresentaram piores aspectos sociais, o que mostra a necessidade de promoção de políticas assistencialistas de saúde a essa população específica, principalmente durante a safra canavieira.

Dormición física de las semillas de leguminosas nativas de Argentina. Leguminosae es una familia con un alto valor de uso como alimento, forraje, medicina y para fines ornamentales y de restauración ecológica. Uno de los principales problemas para el uso y manejo de muchas de estas especies es la presencia de semillas con dormición física. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la presencia de dormición física en nueve especies nativas de Argentina y los posibles métodos que permitan la salida de este estado. Las semillas de Caesalpinia gilliesii, Geoffroea decorticans y Prosopis alpataco presentaron semillas sin dormición, mientras que las semillas de Crotalaria incana, C. pumila, C. stipularia, Desmanthus virgatus, Galactia texana y Senna aphylla presentaron dormición física. Los métodos más eficientes para romper la dormición física de las semillas de las especies del género Crotalaria fueron la escarificación mecánica y el calor húmedo (100°C); la escarificación mecánica, la química (ácido sulfúrico: 20 y 30 minutos) y la escarificación con calor húmedo (80 y 100°C) para D. virgatus; la escarificación mecánica para G. texana; y la escarificación mecánica y la química (ácido sulfúrico: 10, 20 y 30 minutos) para S. aphylla. Estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de la biología de las semillas de estas especies y a su utilización en programas de propagación de plantas en invernaderos, restauración ecológica y conservación.

No existen datos exactos relativos a la prevalencia de tofos en pulpejos como manifestación inicial de la gota. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la población de pacientes con gota y evaluar la presencia de tofos en pulpejos de dedos de manos, pies y articulaciones interfalángicas distales, comparando los datos clínicos entre los pacientes con y sin tofos. Se reclutaron 161 pacientes con gota. Si bien los pacientes con tofos en pulpejos (12 pacientes) tenían mayor edad que aquellos sin tofos en esta localización, tenían mayor tiempo de evolución de la gota, mayor número de ellos tenían compromiso renal y menor porcentaje de enfermedades asociadas, ninguno de estos datos alcanzó significancia estadística.

O crescente uso da biomassa florestal para a geração de energia leva empresas do setor de base florestal a preocuparem-se com a inclusão desta opção no uso múltiplo das florestas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da idade de árvores de Pinus taeda nas propriedades energéticas de seus componentes, e a relação existente entre o teor de umidade do material queimado e seu potencial de geração de energia útil para um sistema energético, de modo a determinar a idade ideal para se intervir nos plantios, otimizando o uso de todos os componentes das árvores, sem o esgotamento do solo. Foram realizadas análises energéticas nas folhas, galhos, copa e casca de Pinus taeda com 10, 12, 14 e 24 anos em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado sob esquema fatorial. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as idades podem ser utilizadas para fins de geração de energia. Houve correlação negativa significativa entre poder calorífico líquido e teor de umidade, possibilitando o ajuste de equação para a determinação do poder calorífico líquido em função do teor de umidade dos componentes avaliados nas diferentes idades.

O açúcar artesanal, como o mascavo, é aquele produzido geralmente em indústria de pequeno porte ou em empresa familiar, apresentando instabilidade quanto à qualidade do produto. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de açúcares mascavo produzidos em um assentamento da reforma agrária, visando contribuir para o segmento dos pequenos produtores. Foram coletadas dez amostras de açúcar mascavo, sendo realizadas análises microbiológicas (bactérias mesófilas totais, bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Salmonella), físico-químicas (polarização, umidade, cinzas, açúcar redutor e fator de segurança) e sensorial (teste de ordenação de cor). Os resultados microbiológicos indicaram ausência de coliformes totais, Salmonella e Escherichia coli em todas as amostras, e uma baixa contaminação por bolores e leveduras e mesófilas totais em algumas amostras. Para os parâmetros físico-químicos, os teores de sacarose apresentaram-se abaixo da recomendação legal na maioria das amostras, associado a elevados valores de açúcares redutores e umidade. Os resultados da análise sensorial mostraram uma variação na coloração dos açúcares, no entanto, houve uma concentração de amostras em uma coloração intermediária entre os tons mais claros e escuros. As análises realizadas indicaram boa higiene e sanificação no processo de produção dos açúcares mascavo, mas também falta de padronização no processamento do produto, apontando a necessidade de ajustes na linha de produção para assegurar um produto de qualidade e estável.

The aim of the present study was to describe vulnerability profiles and to verify their association with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among 295 HIV-patients receiving their first prescription in two public-referral centers in Minas Gerais States, Brazil. The cumulative incidence of non-adherence was 36.9%. Three pure vulnerability profiles (lower, medium and higher) were identified based on the Grade of Membership method (GoM). Pure type patients of the "higher vulnerability" profile had, when compared to the overall sample, an increased probability of being younger, not understanding the need of ART, having a personal reason to be HIV-tested, not disclosing their HIV status, having more than one (non-regular) sexual partner, reporting use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, and having sex among men. Non-adherence to ART was statistically associated (p < 0.001) with this profile. Also, the heterogeneity of the sample was found to be high, since over 40% were mixed type. The implications are that health staff should be trained to develop strategies for incorporating risk-reduction interventions, bearing in mind the three dimensions of vulnerability and the diversity of those patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever os perfis de vulnerabilidade e verificar suas associações com a não-adesão à terapia anti-retroviral (TARV) entre os 295 pacientes com HIV que recebiam suas primeiras prescrições em dois serviços públicos de referência de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A incidência cumulativa de não-adesão foi 36,9%. Foram identificados três perfis puros de vulnerabilidade (baixa, média e alta) baseados no método Grade of Membership (GoM). Os tipos puros de pacientes do perfil de "alta vulnerabilidade" tinham, comparados aos outros, probabilidade maior de serem jovens, de não perceberem a necessidade da TARV, de terem uma razão pessoal para realização do teste HIV, de não terem revelado seu status HIV, de terem mais de um (não fixo) parceiro sexual, de relatarem uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas e sexo entre homens. Não-adesão à TARV foi associada significativamente a esse perfil (p < 0,001). A heterogeneidade da amostra foi alta, pois mais de 40% dos pacientes eram tipos mistos. Conclui-se que os profissionais de saúde devem ser treinados para desenvolverem estratégias e intervenções de redução de risco, considerando as três dimensões da vulnerabilidade e a diversidade desses pacientes iniciando a TARV.

O estudo objetivou: mensurar a prevalência de não-adesão à terapia anti-retroviral altamente eficaz (HAART) em pacientes com AIDS; identificar se alguns fatores relacionados na literatura estavam associados com a não-adesão; estabelecer o valor preditivo dos fatores associados à não-adesão à HAART. Foi realizado um estudo analítico de prevalência (N=60). Foram considerados os três dias anteriores à entrevista e os pacientes classificados como aderentes quando ingeriam 95% ou mais do total de comprimidos prescritos por dia. A adesão foi de 73,3%. A análise de regressão logística multivariada indicou que indivíduos da raça negra apresentaram 6,48 vezes mais risco de não-adesão; aqueles que apresentaram ausência de efeito colateral tiveram um risco 7,6 vezes maior, e a cada comprimido ingerido o risco foi de 1,12. A adesão observada foi maior que a encontrada na literatura. Os fatores sociodemográficos e culturais podem interferir na adesão à HAART.Objetivo del estudio: medir la prevalencia por falta de seguimiento al tratamiento anti-retroviral altamente eficaz (HAART) en pacientes con SIDA; identificar si algunos factores relacionados en la bibliografía se encuentran asociados con la falta de seguimiento; establecer el valor preditivo de los factores asociados con la falta de seguimiento al HAART. Para lo cual fue realizado un estudio analitico de prevalencia (N=60), considerándose los tres días anteriores a la entrevista, donde aquellos pacientes con ingesta del 95% o más del total de comprimidos prescritos por día eran clasificados como seguidores del tratamiento. El seguimiento fue de 73,3%. El análisis de regresion logística multi-variable mostró que sujetos de raza negra presentaron 6,48 veces mayor riesgo de no continuar con el tratamiento; aquellos individuos sin efectos colaterales tuvieron un riesgo 7,6 veces mayor, asimismo, cada comprimido ingerido produjo un riesgo de 1,12. El seguimiento observado fue mayor al encontrado en la bibliografía existente. Los factores socio-demográficos y culturales pueden influir en el seguimiento de la HAART.The purpose of the study was: to measure the prevalence of non-compliance to highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) by AIDS patients; to identify whether some of the factors listed in health literature were associated with non-compliance; to establish the predictive values of non-compliance to HAART-related factors. An analytic prevalence study (N=60) was performed, in which the three days prior to the interview were considered. Those classified as compliant were the patients who ingested 95% or over of the total amount of pills prescribed a day. Compliance appeared as 73.3%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the black subjects presented 6.48 times higher risk for non-compliance. Those who did not present side effects showed 7.6 times higher risk, and a risk of 1.12 for each pill taken. The compliance observed in the study proved to be higher than in literature. The sociodemographic and cultural factors may interfere in the compliance with HAART.