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Context: Protein 53 (p53) is a well-known tumor suppressor protein, while murine double minute 2 (MDM2) acts as a negative regulator of p53, leading to p53 inactivation and cancer development. Aucklandia costus Falc. or Saussurea lappa contains bioactive compounds, particularly terpenoids, known for their anticancer activity against various cancer cells. Targeting the p53-MDM2 protein interaction and inhibiting MDM2 are crucial strategies in cancer therapy. Aims: To analyze the anticancer properties of A. costus terpenes against MDM2 protein. Methods: The compounds costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, lappadilactone, and cynaropicrin were docked with MDM2 (PDB ID: 4HG7) using AutoDockTools 1.5.6. Additionally, the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties were predicted using pkCSM. Results: Lappadilactone exhibited the highest binding energy value, surpassing both the control and the native ligand. Following lappadilactone, cynaropicrin, costunolide, and dehydrocostus lactone displayed decreasing binding energies. When assessing ADMET properties with pkCSM, all compounds exhibited good permeability, suggesting their ability to penetrate intestinal cell membranes, and showed no signs of hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: Lappadilactone emerges as a promising candidate with high intestinal absorption, distinctive distribution characteristics, and a lack of mutagenic or hepatotoxic effects.

Introduction: COVID-19 has caused a health, social, and health system emergency, with a dismal infection behavior in patients with special conditions, such as the immunocompromised pediatric population. Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of infected SARS-CoV-2 pediatric patients with immunocompromised and neoplastic disorders. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2022, a retrospective descriptive study was carried out in a cancer center in the Colombian Caribbean. Forty-one im-munocompromised children with oncological pathologies and a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Inflammatory markers associated with severity, such as ferritin, leukocytosis, and lymphocytosis, were analyzed. Results: 24.39% of the children evaluated had sickle cell anemia and acute lymphoid leukemia (in the consolidation or maintenance phase). The most frequent symptoms were fever (31.71%), cough (29.27%), and runny nose (19.51%). The severity of the COVID-19 infection was mild in 39.02% of the cases, and 24.39% were asymptomatic. Inflammatory markers and clinical manifestations were not associated with severity. Severity was also not associated with oxygen requirements, thoracic radiological changes, or admission to the ICU (P-value >0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that despite immunosuppression, the pediatric population did not present severe cases of COVID-19 infection.

El artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar el resultado de un diagnóstico sobre el estado actualde la superación profesional del médico general integral para la atención al paciente concáncer de piel. La metodología aplicada se corresponde con un estudio descriptivo en elPoliclínico Comunitario Sur del municipio de Ciego de Ávila, en el período comprendidoentre 2019-2022. Se aplicaron métodos del nivel teórico (analítico-sintético, histórico-lógico,hipotético-deductivo), del nivel empírico (análisis de documentos, observación, entrevista yencuesta, validada por pilotaje y coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach: valor de 0,91); y la estadísticadescriptiva. Se aportó un diagnóstico de la superación profesional del especialista en medicinageneral integral para la atención médica integral al paciente con cáncer de piel, que revelóinsuficiencias en el desempeño profesional de dichos especialistas y justifican la necesidad debuscar soluciones mediante la superación profesional.

The importance of self-esteem during the course of oncological illness has been well-documented by some previous studies. However, data assessing its association with various coping strategies, especially considering the period of illness, are still scarce. The objective of this study is to analyze the differences in coping strategies among oncological adolescents, taking into account their self-esteem, illness period, age, and sex. A total of 201 oncological patients between the ages of 12 and 17 from three different Spanish cities were included in this study. All of them were asked to answer a tailored questionnaire, encompassing information about age, sex, and illness period. Additionally, the coping strategies were measured using the ACS scale, while self-esteem was evaluated using the SENA questionnaire. The results demonstrated that male adolescents and older individuals exhibited higher levels of self-esteem. The main coping strategies associated with higher self-esteem were “ignore the problem”, “focus on positive”, “physical recreation”, and “wishful thinking” both during the treatment and the follow-up phases. We conclude that higher self-esteem is associated with some of the coping strategies such as “focus on positive”, “ignore the problem”, and “wishful thinking”. Sociodemographic variables influence the relationship between self-esteem and coping strategies, but no differences were found regarding the period of illness.

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se evaluaron los análisis histopatológicos realizados a neoplasias de pacientes felinos y caninos en una clínica Veterinaria de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia) durante los años 2014 – 2023. Las muestras fueron obtenidas por biopsia incisional, biopsia excisional y biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina y fueron analizadas por medio de diagnóstico morfohistopatológico con tinciones de Hematoxilina y Eosina. Fueron analizadas 717 histopatologías entre perros y gatos, donde algunos individuos tenían dos o más tipos de neoplasias. Las neoplasias malignas tuvieron una casuística mayor comparado con las neoplasias benignas (60.67% y 39.33% respectivamente), se observó también que las neoplasias en piel son las más frecuentes (83.82%) seguidas de las neoplasias gastrointestinales (4.88%) y en bazo (4.88%). Las neoplasias en piel representaron una malignidad del 55.74% siendo un factor determinante entre los individuos la edad de 5 a 10 años. Este estudio permitió definir de una manera objetiva la frecuencia de presentación de casos neoplásicos en una clinica veterinaria de la ciudad de Bogotá. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios estandarizados y descentralizado para obtener la prevalencia actual de la ciudad.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver metodologia para estimar a incidência de câncer no Brasil e regiões. A partir de dados dos registros de câncer de base populacional (RCBP) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) foram calculadas razões de incidência e mortalidade (I/M) anuais, tipo de câncer, faixa etária e sexo em cada RCBP. Para estimar as razões I/M por região em 2018, foram aplicados modelos multiníveis longitudinais de Poisson. A estimativa de casos novos de câncer, em 2018, foi calculada aplicando-se as razões I/M estimadas ao número de óbitos corrigidos do SIM ocorridos naquele ano. Norte e Nordeste concentraram as menores razões I/M. Os cânceres de pâncreas, pulmão, fígado e esôfago tiveram as menores razões I/M, enquanto as maiores razões I/M foram estimadas para câncer de tireoide, testículo, próstata e mama feminina. Para 2018, foram estimados 506.462 casos novos de câncer no Brasil. Mama feminina e próstata foram os dois principais tipos de câncer em todas as regiões. No Norte e no Nordeste, destacaram-se os cânceres do colo do útero e de estômago. Diferenças nas razões I/M entre as regiões foram observadas e podem estar relacionadas ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ao acesso a serviços de saúde.

La cirugía es uno de los tratamientos principales para el cáncer de mama en mujeres, existen dos tipos principales de tratamiento quirúrgico: la cirugía conservadora y la radical. Ambas opciones tienen como objetivo extirpar el tumor y el tejido afectado circundante; Se diferencian en la cantidad de tejido mamario extirpado. La elección entre cirugia conservadora o radical en mujeres con cáncer de mama es una decisión importante que puede tener un impacto significativo en su salud y calidad de vida. La cirugía conservadora tiene un menor riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias, pequeña pérdida de tejido mamario, un impacto positivo en la autoestima y la imagen corporal, una recuperación más rápida y menos dolor postoperatorio, la posibilidad de preservar la sensibilidad del pezón y la capacidad de amamantar en el futuro. Mientras que la cirugía radical tiene mayor riesgo de complicaciones, como infecciones y problemas de cicatrización.

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se evaluaron que los análisis histopatológicos realizados a neoplasias de pacientes felinos y caninos en una clínica Veterinaria de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia) en el periodo transcurrido entre los años 2014 – 2023, las muestras fueron obtenidas por biopsia incisional, biopsia excisional y biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina y fueron analizadas por medio de diagnóstico morfohistopatologico con tinciones de Hematoxilina y Eosina. Fueron analizadas 717 histopatologías entre perros y gatos, en donde algunos individuos tenían dos o más tipos de neoplasias. Las neoplasias malignas tuvieron una casuística mayor comparado con las neoplasias benignas (60.67% y 39.33% respectivamente), se observó también que las neoplasias en piel son las más frecuentes (83.82%) seguidas de las neoplasias gastrointestinales (4.88%) y en bazo (4.88%). Las neoplasias en piel representaron una malignidad del 55.74% siendo un factor determinante entre los individuos la edad de 5 a 10 años. Este estudio permitió definir de una manera objetiva la frecuencia de presentación de casos neoplásicos en la ciudad de Bogotá, sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios estandarizados y descentralizado para obtener la prevalencia real de la ciudad.

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. It is a complex and multifaceted disease that has challenged researchers and doctors for decades. The ability to visualize and understand tumor growth can provide valuable insights into how cancer develops and spreads, leading to significant improvements in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The three-dimensional tumor growth simulation tool that is being developed is an important step in this direction. It allows for detailed visualization of tumor growth in different parts of the human body, which can provide valuable insights into how cancer develops and spreads. Additionally, the ability of this tool to simulate tumor growth in different parts of the body means that it can be used to study a wide range of cancer types. This tool utilizes a cellular automaton and a small-world network to create connections between cells, allowing for a more accurate representation of organ and tumor structures. Furthermore, it allows for the loading of configurations and parameters from external files, providing great flexibility to the tool and allowing for customization of the simulation to the specific needs of each case. For 3D rendering, the Marching Cubes technique is used, which enables detailed and accurate three-dimensional representation of tumors.

Resumen: El cáncer de vesícula biliar es una enfermedad poco frecuente en Europa y Norteamérica, por lo cual existe escasa investigación científica sobre ella. A su vez, es frecuente a lo largo de la zona andina de América del Sur, especialmente en Chile donde se registraron en el pasado las tasas más altas de incidencia y mortalidad del mundo. El 75% de los pacientes son mujeres, existiendo una fuerte relación con la colelitiasis, especialmente de larga data y la inflamación crónica. Casi no existe CVB sin colelitiasis. El cáncer de vesícula se asocia también estrechamente con obesidad y una dieta alta en grasa y azúcares. Es más común en algunas poblaciones nativas, especialmente la población mapuche, siendo frecuentemente asociado a un nivel socioeconómico bajo y a un menor acceso al sistema sanitario. En Chile, la tasa de mortalidad ha disminuido en más del 50% en los últimos 20 años. La colecistectomía profiláctica en la población de alto riesgo, implementada como política nacional en Chile, ha repercutido en la incidencia y la mortalidad por esta enfermedad que, por largo tiempo, fue la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres chilenas. El objetivo de este artículo es esbozar antecedentes epidemiológicos del cáncer de vesícula biliar en el mundo y en Chile y describir los factores de riesgo y medidas para su prevención. Abstract: Gallbladder cancer is a very rare disease in Europe and North America, reason why there is scarce scientific research about it. At the same time, it is very common throughout the Andean region of South America, especially in Chile which once had the highest incidence and mortality rates in the world. Women account for 75% of patients, with cases being strongly related to long standing cholelithiasis, as well as chronic infection. Gallbladder cancer rarely exists without cholelitiasis. It is also closely associated with obesity and a diet high in fat and sugar. It is more common in some native populations, especially the Mapuche population, frequently associated with a low socioeconomic level and less access to the health system. In Chile, the mortality rate decreased by more than 50% in the last 20 years. Prophylactic cholecystectomy in high-risk population, implemented as a national policy in Chile, is reducing incidence and mortality from this disease which, for a long time, was the leading cause of death by cancer in Chilean women. The objective of this article is to outline the epidemiological history of gallbladder cancer in the world and in Chile as well as describe the risk factors and measures for its prevention.

Background: Despite the current data on morbidity and mortality, a growing number of patients with a diagnosis of cancer survive due to an early diagnosis and advances in treatment modalities. This study aimed to compare the quality of life and coping strategies in three groups of patients with cancer and identify associated clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A comparative study was conducted with outpatients at a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The 300 participants were assigned to three groups: patients in palliative care (Group A), patients in post-treatment follow-up with no evidence of disease (Group B), and patients undergoing treatment for cancer (Group C). Data collection involved the use of the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. No generic quality-of-life assessment tool was utilized, as it would not be able to appropriately evaluate the impact of the disease on the specific group of patients receiving palliative care. Results: Coping strategies were underused. Participants in the palliative care group had poorer quality of life, particularly in the psychological well-being and physical symptom domains. Age, currently undergoing treatment, and level of education were significantly associated with coping scores. Age, gender, income, and the absence of pharmacological pain control were independently associated with quality-of-life scores. Moreover, a positive association was found between coping and quality of life. Conclusion: Cancer patients in palliative care generally report a lower quality of life. However, male patients, those who did not rely on pharmacological pain control, and those with higher coping scores reported a better perception of their quality of life. This perception tended to decrease with age and income level. Patients currently undergoing treatment for the disease were more likely to use coping strategies. Patients with higher education and quality-of-life scores also had better coping scores. However, the use of coping strategies decreased with age.

Context: One approach to cancer therapy medication is exploring medicinal plants that contain one or more compounds specifically targeting cancer cells with fewer side effects. Cascara from coffee fruit (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) is a waste rarely processed but has various chemical contents that can be used in medicine. Aims: To evaluate the in silico and in vitro activity of compounds isolated from ethanolic extract of C. canephora cascara against HeLa and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods: Isolation of the compounds by radial chromatography and thin layer chromatography techniques, and the chemical structures were elucidated by infrared radiation, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In silico study about the compounds binding with the receptor responsibility to cancer (caspases 3 and 9). In vitro study by examining the cytotoxicity of HeLa and MCF-7 cells of the isolated compounds from C. canephora. Results: Four known bioactive compounds, lupeol (1), stigmasterol (2), ursolic acid (3), and caffeic acid (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of C. canephora cascara. Based on the ESI-MS results, the m/z value for lupeol was 427.50 [M+H]+, stigmasterol was 454.48 [M+ACN+H]+, ursolic acid was 456.51 [M+H]+, and caffeic acid was 179 [M-H]. In silico and in vitro data show that the ursolic acid compound has activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values of 25.98 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 12.70 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: All isolated compounds from C. canephora cascara have a promising ability to interact with caspases 3 and 9, particularly ursolic acid, which has the smallest IC50 value against HeLa and MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Context: Prunella vulgaris L. is a plant used by various cultures around the world due to its antitumor effect, among others. In vitro investigations have described various mechanisms of cytotoxic action but, it is necessary to further extend the observations of in vivo models, whit the possibility of analyzing the effect on tumor grown, time of life, as well as toxicity, which that will allow to promote the possible use of P. vulgaris in cancer in a safe and effective way. Aims: To evaluate the antitumor effect of P. vulgaris L. on L5178Y lymphoma in BALB/c mice as well as its acute toxicity in CD1 mice. Methods: For the tests, the crude ethanolic extract of P. vulgaris was used. Acute oral toxicity was studied in female CD1 mice. The antitumor effect was observed with the L5178Y ascitic tumor model, the effect on tumor growth and survival of the groups with vehicle, vincristine and with the extract were compared. Results: In the toxicity test, no mouse died at the doses used. In relation to the antitumor effect, it was observed that tumor growth was lower both in the positive control and in the different doses used of the P. vulgaris extract compared to the vehicle, while the estimate of survival was similar in the vehicle and in the groups with the extract. Conclusions: In this work, the ethanolic extract of P. vulgaris did not show toxicity and inhibited tumor growth, without improving survival.

Resumen: Los nuevos tratamientos oncológicos, particularmente la inmunoterapia (IT) han venido a revolucionar el tratamiento de neoplasias malignas en estadios avanzados. Los inhibidores de los puntos de control son la principal forma de IT y actúan aumentando la actividad de las células T y la respuesta inmunitaria del organismo contra las células neoplásicas. La terapia blanco es otra forma de IT que actúa mediante inhibición de oncogenes o vías de inflamación y angiogénesis tumoral. Sin embargo, estos mecanismos de destrucción tumoral pueden interferir con la tolerancia inmunitaria del huésped o con los mecanismos de reparación tisular epitelial y predisponer a efectos secundarios inmunomediados que pueden afectar múltiples órganos, incluyendo el tracto digestivo. Las manifestaciones gastrointestinales de daño por IT pueden ir desde mucositis de bajo grado hasta ulceración y en algunos casos necrosis y perforación, y pueden afectar cualquier parte del tubo digestivo, con mayor afección del intestino delgado y colon, con un patrón similar al observado en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. La manifestación clínica más común es diarrea crónica. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye infecciones enteropatógenas, particularmente por gérmenes oportunistas, efecto secundario de medicamentos, y otros trastornos inflamatorios y malabsortivos. El tratamiento depende de la severidad del daño y puede incluir desde antidiarreicos y rehidratación en forma externa en casos leves, hospitalización, esteroides sistémicos y suspensión temporal de la IT en casos moderados, e inmunosupresores o agentes biológicos, y suspensión definitiva de la IT en casos severos. Abstract: Newer oncologic therapies, particularly immunotherapy (IT), have been a game-changer for the treatment of advanced cancer. The so-called checkpoint inhibitors act by increasing T cell activity and individual immune response against neoplastic cells. Targeted therapy is another form of IT that acts by inhibiting oncogenes or tumor-related inflammatory and angiogenesis pathways. However, these tumor-destruction mechanisms may interfere with host self-tolerance or with normal tissue repair mechanisms and increase the risk of immune-related adverse events that may affect multiple organs, including the digestive system. Gastrointestinal toxicity ranges from mild forms of mucositis, ulcerations, and in severe cases, to necrosis and perforation, and may affect any part of the GI tract, with a predominance of enterocolonic damage, similar to that seen in inflammatory bowel disease. The most common clinical manifestation is chronic diarrhea. Differential diagnosis includes opportunistic enteropathogen-associated diarrhea, particularly opportunistic agents, drug adverse effects, and other inflammatory and malabsorptive entities. Treatment varies according to the grade of toxicity and may include antidiarrheal medication and outpatient rehydration in mild cases, systemic steroids, and temporary withdrawal of IT in moderate forms, and immunosuppressant or biologic agents, as well as definitive withdrawal of IT, in severe cases.

Luteolin is a flavonoid that occurs naturally in various fruits and vegetables. It has been shown that this compound possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can significantly inhibit pathogenesis. A substantial amount of research has been performed to execute this compound’s role as an anticancer agent. Moreover, luteolin has the ability to block cell proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and other cell signaling molecules that can contribute to cancer growth. This review aims to shed light on the efforts to present potential targets for luteolin in different cancers. Moreover, this review also explores the synergistic potential of this compound with other anticancer drugs. Despite its promising health-promoting benefits, it is essential to note that further research is needed based on safety, mechanism of action, efficacy, and clinical trials to reconnoiter its potential benefits in cancer management.

Introduction and purpose: The article focuses on the analysis of young people's awareness of the consumption of energy drinks, especially those containing caffeine. The aim of the study is to understand the level of knowledge about the awareness and consumption of energy drinks among students aged 18-25. This study was conducted using surveys and involving 202 participants. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using online anonymous surveys, involving 202 participants. The participants were students aged 18-25 both women and men. The results were analyzed according to the age and gender. Moreover, based on the available literature examining aspects related to the consumption of energy drinks. Results: The study shows that the vast majority of respondents (94.06%) are aware of the impact of energy substances on the body. The charts also illustrate that caffeine, as the main ingredient in energy drinks, is well understood in terms of cardiovascular effects. Moreover, the student community is aware of the link between excessive sugar consumption and the risk of cancer development. Discussion: The study shows that young people are aware of the negative impact of energy drinks on health. Nevertheless, not all areas of knowledge are clear to them. The continuous increase in the level of education can undoubtedly contribute to the introduction of healthy eating habits among students. Most respondents declare to drink energy drinks again, it should draw our special attention. Conclusions: It is worth noting the need for further education, especially in the field of metabolic syndrome. It also highlights the role of research and education in shaping public health awareness. Finally, the article suggests that further research and targeted educational programs are critical to improving public health, especially in the context of energy drink consumption.

Introduction: Vitamin A, one of the most popular vitamins that people usually associate with eye health or beautiful skin, also has many other functions and uses. Recently many scientists conducted studies to determine if vitamin A could be a new weapon against cancers. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to discuss recent findings regarding the impact of Vitamin A and other retinoids on potential applications in anticancer therapy. Materials and methods: This review of studies is based on scientific articles available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The names of the cancers were juxtaposed with term "Vitamin A" and with term "Retinoids" to gather data regarding the effect of retinoids on cancer treatment and prevention. Results: After analyzing the gathered publications, it is possible to conclude that retinoids can have a positive impact on cancer treatment. Some of them can induce apoptosis of cancer cells and others can reduce their proliferation. Moreover, retinoids can also play an important role in preventing cancers, such as ovarian, breast, cervical, or skin cancer. The role of retinoids in the prevention of prostate cancer remains unclear due to conflicting research results. Conclusion: The studies have shown promising results which indicate a need for further research into anticancer mechanisms of retinoids. Specifically, more research is needed to explore the positive impact of retinoid use in treating cancer diseases. The significant potential of retinoids may make it possible to include them in clinical practice and develop an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment based on them.

Introduction and aim. Orthorexia nervosa is described as an obsession with consuming solely healthy foods accompanied by restrictive behaviors. Patients with chronic conditions frequently require dietary interventions alongside medication to manage symptoms and slow down disease progression. However, when dietary restrictions are taken to extremes, individuals may develop orthorexia nervosa, resulting in malnutrition and weight loss. This poses risks during treatment, where maintaining a balanced diet is vital. In this review we aim to display the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in patients suffering from selected chronic diseases. Material and methods. A literature review was performed to investigate the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in individuals with type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Description of the State of Knowledge. The occurrence of orthorexia reaches up to 7% in the general population, 72% in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 77% in case of inflammatory bowel disease, 71% among individuals suffering from celiac disease, 75% in those with rheumatoid arthritis, and 50% in case of cancer. Orthorexia nervosa mostly affects females who are younger, have higher education levels, select organic foods, prepare their own meals, and have concurrent chronic illnesses. Distress associated with diagnosis is the primary factor contributing to the development of this condition. Orthorexia ultimately leads to malnutrition, weight loss, impaired social functioning, and poses a risk of complications in chronically ill patients. Conclusion. The prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in patients suffering from chronic illnesses is significantly higher compared to the general population. Therefore, early detection of this condition and intervention are necessary to improve patient management. Further research is needed to assess the frequency of orthorexia among individuals suffering from other chronic diseases.

El cáncer es una importante causa de mortalidad a nivel mundial y el número de personas que se ven afectadas por esta condición va en aumento. Se sabe que las células cancerígenas tienen una mayor actividad de la vía glicolítica respecto a las células normales, y esto se debe a una sobre expresión de los genes que codifican las enzimas que intervienen en esta ruta metabólica. Se ha visto que este metabolismo aberrante permite a las células cancerígenas cumplir su objetivo: proliferar velozmente y a su vez tener una fuente constante de energía. De esta manera se tiene una ventaja significativa con respecto a las células de los tejidos sanos. A pesar de que es ampliamente aceptada la importancia funcional de la glicólisis en el cáncer poco se conoce acerca de la influencia de la expresión genética en las elevadas tasas de esta ruta metabólica. En esta revisión se trata de recopilar los datos que sustenten el hecho de que existe una sobre expresión de los genes que codifican las enzimas de la vía glicolítica en células cancerígenas, determinar cuáles son estas enzimas y describir algunas de las técnicas empleadas en el estudio de la sobre expresión génica.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa has an aggressive nature. If cancers originating from the buccal mucosa invade adjacent anatomical structures, surgical tumor resection becomes more challenging. The present case describes the surgical management of a 65-year-old woman with persistent ulceration of the mucosal membrane due to tobacco chewing habit for the past 30 years and a mouth-opening limitation of 10 mm. Radiological investigations revealed a buccal mucosa tumor that had invaded the retroantral space upward with involvement of the anterior border of the masseter muscle by the lateral part of the tumor. In this report, we present the surgical approach to access the masticator space behind the maxillary sinus.

Resumen: Introducción: La insuficiencia ovárica prematura (POI) conlleva importante morbilidad, causando infertilidad, disfunción sexual, disminución de la densidad ósea, riesgo cardiovascular, alteraciones emocionales y mortalidad precoz. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia y el manejo actual de la POI en supervivientes a un tumor sólido en la infancia y/o adolescencia en nuestro medio. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional multicéntrico. Mujeres entre 12 y 18 años con diagnóstico de tumor sólido y criterios clínicos y/o analíticos de POI. El riesgo se estima según los criterios «The Pediatric Initiative Network of the Oncofertility Consortium». Resultados: Incidencia de 1,5 (30 casos de POI). Edad media 14 ± 2,09. Los tumores sólidos que más se asociaron a la POI fueron: sarcoma de Ewing, tumores cerebrales y germinales. El 83% de los casos no realizó preservación previa al tratamiento. Un 63% no referían menarquia al diagnóstico de la POI. El 97% cumplían criterios de alto riesgo de toxicidad gonadal, a pesar de ello el 47% no realizó ninguna vigilancia previa al diagnóstico. La mediana de tiempo tras el diagnóstico y la aparición del evento es de 43,5 y 29,5 meses tras finalizar tratamiento. Las curvas de Kaplan-Meier, muestran que al 30% de los casos, aparecen en los 2 años tras el diagnóstico y las mujeres con estadio puberal 1 desarrollan insuficiencia más tardíamente que aquellas con estadio 5. Conclusiones: El seguimiento de mujeres en riesgo de la POI, es susceptible de mejora. Las herramientas actuales facilitan conocer el riesgo al planificar los tratamientos del tumor y realizar vigilancia, educación, diagnóstico precoz, preservación e instauración de tratamiento sustitutivo. Todo ello, supondría importantes mejoras en salud. Abstract: Introduction: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) carries significant morbidity, causing infertility, sexual disfunction, decreased bone density, cardiovascular risk, emotional distress and early mortality. Objective: To know the incidence and current management of POI in childhood/adolescent solid tumour survivors. Material and methods: We conducted a multicentre observational study. It included female patients aged 12 to 18 years with a diagnosis of solid tumour and meeting clinical or biochemical criteria for POI. The risk was estimated based on the criteria of the Pediatric Initiative Network of the Oncofertility Consortium. Results: We found an incidence of 1.5 (30 cases of POI): The median age at the time of the event was 14 years (standard deviation, 2.09). The solid tumours associated most frequently with POI were Ewing sarcoma and brain and germ cell tumours. Eighty-three percent of patients did not undergo fertility preservation. Sixty-three percent reported not having undergone menarche at the time of ovarian failure. Ninety-seven percent were at high risk of gonadal toxicity, yet 47% were not monitored before the diagnosis. The median time elapsed to the occurrence of the event was 43.5 months after diagnosis and 29.5 months after completing treatment. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that approximately 30% of POI cases developed within 2 years of diagnosis and that women at Tanner stage 1 developed insufficiency later than women at Tanner stage 5. Conclusions: There is room for improvement in the followup of women at risk of POI in Spain. The tools currently available facilitate risk assessment at the time of treatment planning and allow the implementation of monitoring, education, early diagnosis, fertility preservation, and replacement therapy as needed. All of this would achieve significant improvement in health outcomes.

Introduction: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) carries significant morbidity, causing infertility, sexual disfunction, decreased bone density, cardiovascular risk, emotional distress and early mortality. Objective: To know the incidence and current management of POI in childhood/adolescent solid tumour survivors. Material and methods: We conducted a multicentre observational study. It included female patients aged 12–18 years with a diagnosis of solid tumour and meeting clinical or biochemical criteria for POI. The risk was estimated based on the criteria of the Pediatric Initiative Network of the Oncofertility Consortium. Results: We found an incidence of 1.5 (30 cases of POI): The median age at the time of the event was 14 years (standard deviation, 2.09). The solid tumours associated most frequently with POI were Ewing sarcoma and brain and germ cell tumours. Eighty-three percent of patients did not undergo fertility preservation. Sixty-three percent reported not having undergone menarche at the time of ovarian failure. Ninety-seven percent were at high risk of gonadal toxicity, yet 47% were not monitored before the diagnosis. The median time elapsed to the occurrence of the event was 43.5 months after diagnosis and 29.5 months after completing treatment. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that approximately 30% of POI cases developed within 2 years of diagnosis and that women at Tanner stage 1 developed insufficiency later than women at Tanner stage 5. Conclusions: There is room for improvement in the follow-up of women at risk of POI in Spain. The tools currently available facilitate risk assessment at the time of treatment planning and allow the implementation of monitoring, education, early diagnosis, fertility preservation, and replacement therapy as needed. All of this would achieve significant improvement in health outcomes. Resumen: Introducción: La insuficiencia ovárica prematura (POI) conlleva importante morbilidad, causando infertilidad, disfunción sexual, disminución de la densidad ósea, riesgo cardiovascular, alteraciones emocionales y mortalidad precoz. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia y manejo actual de POI en supervivientes a un tumor sólido en la infancia y / o adolescencia en nuestro medio. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional multicéntrico. Mujeres entre 12 y 18 años con diagnóstico de tumor sólido y criterios clínicos y/o analíticos de POI. El riesgo se estima según los criterios” The Pediatric Initiative Network of the Oncofertility Consortium”. Resultados: Incidencia de 1.5 (30 casos de POI). Mediana de edad 14 ± 2,09. Los tumores sólidos que más se asociaron a POI fueron: sarcoma de Ewing, tumores cerebrales y germinales. El 83% de los casos no realizó preservación previa al tratamiento. Un 63% no referían menarquia al diagnóstico de POI. 97% cumplían criterios de alto riesgo de toxicidad gonadal, a pesar de ello el 47% no realizó ninguna vigilancia previa al diagnóstico. La mediana de tiempo tras el diagnóstico y la aparición del evento es de 43,5 y 29,5 meses tras finalizar tratamiento. Las curvas de Kaplan- Meier, muestran que a el 30% de los casos, aparecen en los dos años tras el diagnóstico y las mujeres con estadio puberal 1 desarrollan insuficiencia más tardíamente que aquellas con estadio 5. Conclusiones: El seguimiento de mujeres en riesgo de POI, es susceptible de mejora. Las herramientas actuales facilitan conocer el riesgo al planificar los tratamientos del tumor y realizar vigilancia, educación, diagnóstico precoz, preservación e instauración de tratamiento sustitutivo. Todo ello, supondría importantes mejoras en salud.

Desde la primera publicación de la declaración de consenso sobre pautas de ejercicio para personas con cáncer, de la asociación Ejercicio y Ciencias del Deporte - Australia (ESSA, Exercise and Sports Science Australia), ha ocurrido un crecimiento exponencial en las investigaciones que evalúan el papel del ejercicio antes, durante y después del tratamiento del cáncer. El propósito de este reporte es utilizar la evidencia científica actual, junto a la experiencia clínica y los principios de las ciencias del ejercicio, para poner al día la declaración de consenso de ESSA sobre la prescripción de ejercicio específica para el cáncer. En esta declaración de consenso se reporta un resumen de los beneficios alcanzados mediante el ejercicio luego de un diagnóstico de cáncer, así como las fortalezas y limitaciones de la evidencia acumulada. Se propone, entonces, un marco de prescripción del ejercicio para permitir la aplicación de consideraciones específicas para el cáncer en la individualización, especificidad, seguridad, factibilidad y progresión del ejercicio para toda clase de pacientes. Se ofrecen consideraciones adicionales específicas para la prescripción del ejercicio cuando hay presencia de enfermedades hematológicas, osteomusculares, sistémicas, cardiovasculares, linfáticas, gastrointestinales, genitourinarias y neurológicas y preocupaciones relacionadas con su tratamiento, así como la presencia crónica de comorbilidades. Además, se identifican y comentan temas prácticos específicos y barreras que deben tomarse en cuenta para la prescripción del ejercicio. Si bien es cierto que el ejercicio multimodal de intensidad moderada a intensa será apropiado para la mayoría, no hay una prescripción establecida ni una dosificación semanal, que se puedan considerar basadas en la evidencia, para todos los pacientes de cáncer. Es necesaria una prescripción del ejercicio dirigida específicamente a esta población, que asegure el mayor beneficio (conforme lo defina cada paciente) a corto y largo plazo, con un bajo riesgo de perjuicio.

We investigated the effect of both electron donating group and e//lectron withdrawing group on biological activity of pyrimidine-based compounds as metalloproteinase-7 inhibitors and predicting a library of drug-like compounds with potent cytotoxicity using in silico approach. The selected compounds were optimized and subjected to both docking as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) analyzes. We observed that the addition of electron withdrawing group (–CF3) to the predicted pyrimidine-based compound induced a radical improvement in the hydrogen bond strength with Leu181 and Ala182 in matrix metalloproteinase-7. Also, communal orientation of 2-mercapto-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-6-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino) pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (PC10) and matrix metalloproteinase-7 showed improved binding tendency with calculated binding affinity value of -10.2 kcal mol−1 than other studied compounds. Our findings may open door for the design and development of library of efficient pyrimidine-based drug-like compounds as potential anti-cancer agents.

Cancer is a severe disease that causes a significant number of deaths worldwide every year. Treatments have been available, such as cisplatin, to help combat this disease. However, recent studies have shown that the enzyme system glutathione/glutathione S-transferases (GSH/GST) can cause resistance of tumor cells to this type of cancer treatment. Fortunately, there are alternatives, such as using palladium complexes such as [PdCl(C2,N-dmba)(tu)], which have demonstrated effectiveness against cancer cells. However, even these metallopharmaceuticals can be inhibited by GSH/GST system, which can modify the chemical structure of the complex and prevent it from working as an anticancer agent. That's why it's crucial to study the reaction between the complex [PdCl(C2,N-dmba)(tu)] and L-cysteine using techniques such as NMR, mass spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and stopped-flow. The study of this type of reaction will help researchers understand how these organometallics work in biological systems and how we can improve them to treat cancer more effectively.

Background. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique that acts on the activity of the cerebral cortex employing electrical currents. Aim. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of rTMS on pain and quality of life in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Method. Ten patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain received 20 sessions of rTMS, consisting of 15 minutes of treatment repeated 5 times per week for four weeks (10 Hz, 20s, 30 trains with 81% intensity). Patients were evaluated using the Brief pain inventory (BPI) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy and neurotoxicity (FACT-GOG-NTX 13). Results. There were significant differences in BPI mean severity, interference score and FACT-GOG-NTX 13 (p

Introducción: La incidencia precisa de la lesión renal aguda (LRA) en la población oncológica sigue siendo desconocida, sin embargo el impacto es fuerte en la morbimortalidad y en los costos de la hospitalización. La sepsis y la hipoperfusión son etiologías muy comunes de LRA en pacientes oncológicos, convergen en causas pre-renales e intrínsecas. Objetivo de la revisión: El objetivo de la revisión es describir los principales aspectos fisiopatológicos y establecer un los criterios diagnósticos y de tratamiento en pacientes con lesión renal aguda y sepsis en el paciente oncológico. Puntos importantes de la revisión: Un grupo de importante de pacientes oncológicos con inmunosupresores desarrollan infecciones virales con sepsis y fallo renal agudo. Aunque la LRA en pacientes con sepsis es multifactorial, el principal mecanismo es la necrosis tubular aguda tras hipoperfusión renal por insuficiencia circulatoria. La administración temprana de antibióticos y el control de la base etiológica de la sepsis suelen ser los pilares de la prevención. Conclusión: La incidencia de la nefropatía por ácido aristoloquico probablemente sea mucha más alta de lo que se pensaba inicialmente y debe plantearse su existencia en pacientes que debutan con enfermedad renal crónica con un patrón clínico túbulo-intersticial.

Cancer causes millions of deaths worldwide, making its registration essential. There are clinical, hospital, and population-based registries in place. The latter is the gold standard for information on cancer incidence and survival in a defined region. Chile has five population-based registries located in specific areas of the country. The Chilean National Cancer Registry emerged with the challenge of creating a tool encompassing all three types of registries to identify the number of cancer cases by type. Its design involved a series of actions to achieve consensus among various actors regarding information, validation, and events to be registered. Four stages were identified in the care and registration process: suspected diagnosis, morphological confirmation (biopsy), clinical resolution (oncology committee, including treatment recommendations), treatment, and oncological follow-up. The platform's development (from 2018 to 2021) involved gathering information and agreements on the requirements for co-designing the registry, including a successful pilot program with over 20 public and private healthcare facilities that recorded nearly 7500 cancer cases. The deployment and use of the National Cancer Registry at a national level depends on the healthcare authority. It is an information system that continuously and systematically collects, stores, processes, and analyzes data on all cancer cases and types occurring in the country. This work presents the design and development of the tool, the challenges addressed, as well as its strengths and weaknesses.

O câncer é uma patologia de causa multifatorial e tratamento complexo. Muitas vezes, apesar de aderir estritamente aos protocolos de tratamento recomendados para um tipo específico de tumor, há casos em que as terapias convencionais não conseguem alcançar sucesso terapêutico. Este estado refratário pode tornar a enfermidade fatal para os pacientes. Consequentemente, há uma importância crescente no desenvolvimento de terapêuticas que visam controlar efetivamente o crescimento do tumor, minimizando ou não provocando efeitos colaterais. Neste sentido, a homeopatia e o Viscum album surgem como caminhos promissores para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes tratados. De acordo com os relatos atuais, estas terapias contribuem para o bem-estar geral e, em casos raros, podem levar à remissão completa do tumor. No entanto, o seu papel principal é muitas vezes controlar o crescimento tumoral, tornando assim uma doença crônica para os pacientes. Esse fato, normalmente, mantém quadro clinicamente estável durante todo o tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um caso de adenocarcinoma de glândula hepatóide que não respondeu à terapia convencional, mas foi posteriormente tratado por meio do tratamento integrativo com Viscum album homeopático injetável, de forma subcutânea em potências combinadas, com a administração diária. Esta abordagem de tratamento manteve com sucesso a qualidade de vida ideal do paciente por mais de 12 meses.

Introduction and purpose: Berberine is a plant alkaloid that naturally occurs in the fruits of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris). This alkaloid has long been used in natural medicine. It exhibits a range of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-edema, and antimicrobial actions. Through the promising therapeutic effects of berberine in metabolic syndrome, as well as its impact on carcinogenesis, this compound is beginning to play a significant role in preventive medicine. Recently, particular attention has been paid to the anticancer properties of berberine, which are based on many biochemical pathways, particularly its pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory action. The study aimed to review the anticancer mechanisms of berberine and summarize them about individual cancers. State of knowledge: The article reviews the current literature on the anticancer properties of berberine for individual cancers, focusing primarily on its molecular mechanisms of action. In addition, the potential of berberine as a promising candidate forming the basis for drug production and its use in preventive medicine was analyzed. Summary: In summary, many studies have shown that berberine exhibits anticancer activity in many types of cancers, including breast, lung, stomach, liver, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, and prostate cancers. Berberine inhibits the growth of cancer cells, limits metastases, induces apoptosis, stimulates autophagy, and enhances the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. Despite its potential as a promising candidate for drug production, there are currently no approved pure berberine preparations for the treatment of specific ailments. Research on its effectiveness and safety is still ongoing.

Introduction and purpose. Preserving fertility is crucial for cancer patients, aligning with advancements in oncology. As survival rates improve, addressing treatment-related late effects gains importance. Many young patients, aware of therapy toxicity, consider future conception chances, impacting treatment decisions. With a trend toward delayed childbirth and a growing population facing unplanned family planning disruptions, the demand for fertility preservation is expected to rise. This paper provides a brief review of available methods for preserving fertility in cancer patients. State of knowledge. Freezing semen in liquid nitrogen vapor is a standard method for preserving reproductive potential in male cancer patients. Shielding during total-body radiation limits testicular volume reduction, indicating less damage to the germinal epithelium. Hormone suppression treatments are not protective in male cancer patients. Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation are considered secure methods before anticancer treatments, with oocyte cryopreservation being preferred for post-pubertal women. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation remains an alternative method without preliminary treatment, suitable when time is insufficient for ovarian stimulation. Ovarian transposition beyond the intended radiation area, performed laparoscopically, can retain ovarian function. GnRH agonist administration before and during chemotherapy aims to minimize the likelihood of premature ovarian insufficiency. Summary. Advancements in fertility preservation for cancer patients, ranging from traditional cryopreservation to innovative methods like ovarian tissue preservation, highlight a commitment to empowering individuals facing cancer diagnoses. Ongoing research expands possibilities, ensuring a diverse range of strategies that offer tangible and hopeful prospects at the intersection of cancer and reproductive health.

Introduction: Polyphenolic compounds are widespread in nature, contained in large quantities especially in fruits, vegetables, cereals and nuts. In recent years numerous attempts have been made to characterize their biological effects, with particular emphasis on their protective potential against the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. Purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to collect and analyze publications on the use of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of cancer, with particular emphasis on breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer - the four most common cancers in the Polish population. Material and methods: A review of the literature available on PubMed was performed using various combinations of keywords: 'polyphenols' + 'cancer', 'polyphenols' + 'oncology', ‘polyphenols’ + ‘chemoprevention’, ‘polyphenols’ + ‘chemotherapy’, 'polyphenols' + 'lung cancer', 'polyphenols' + 'breast cancer', ‘polyphenols’ + ‘colorectal cancer’, 'polyphenols' + 'prostate cancer'/'prostate gland cancer'. Results: The analysis of the collected publications allows to conclude that polyphenols exert multidirectional anticancer effect through antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and prosenescence activity. This effect has been demonstrated, among others, in relation to cellular models of colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer. Polyphenols also reduce side effects associated with the use of conventional anticancer therapies and increase their effectiveness. Conclusions: Polyphenols - both as independent compounds and components of complex anticancer treatment regimens - have chemopreventive and potentially chemotherapeutic effects. By influencing various stages of carcinogenesis - initiation, promotion and progression of cancer - they constitute a promising direction for the development of new, more effective forms of therapy and prevention of cancer.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. The lifetime risk is estimated as 33% to 39% in white men and 23% to 28% in white women. Because of that it is a very crucial disease for public health. In this article will be described main pathways of treatment which are especially recommended and are the most wide used for different types of basal cell carcinoma. Main division of interventions type used in treatment of basal cell carcinoma are surgical (physical) and non-surgical (medical). Surgical (physical) includes surgical standard excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, curettage and cautery, cryosurgery and laser therapy (ablative lasers, pulsed dye lasers). Non-surgical (medical) includes radiotherapy, topical imiquimod, topical 5- fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, intralesional interferon. Aim of study: Literature review of the most recommended treatment of basal cell carcinoma. State of knowledge: In this publication will be desribed a current state of knowledge about basic and the most crucial basal cell carcinoma treatment. Conclusion: Because of incidence rate of basal cell carcinoma which is very high- there are many reports about treatment of this disease. Treatment of this disease, especially among low risk patients, is very effective.

Introduction and purpose: Over recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in cases of cancer around the world. At the same time, there is the problem of vitamin D deficiency, which may affect up to one-quarter of the population. The aim of this article is to link these two epidemics and organize knowledge about vitamin D and its multidirectional effects related to many diseases, especially cancer. State of knowledge: Many scientific works have proven that vitamin D has a beneficial effect not only on the known calcium-phosphate metabolism. Researchers emphasize its pleiotropic effect on many organs and systems in the human body, and thus on many diseases, including cancer. Studies show that vitamin D modulates the expression of many different miRNAs specific to various types of cancer. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed the effect of calcitriol on cell growth and development. It influences processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, strengthens the immune system, and reduces oxidative stress. Summary: Based on accumulated research, we can conclude that vitamin D presumably regulates the entire process of tumorigenesis, from initiation to metastasis and cell-microenvironment interactions. However, some studies do not confirm these data or provide contradictory results. For this reason, it is necessary to deepen research on this topic in order to establish specific recommendations, therapeutic and preventive plans. However, vitamin D and its role in the pathogenesis of many diseases should not be underestimated. In cases of low vitamin D concentration in the body, its supplementation will be reasonable, considering the functional identity of this source compared to sun exposure or diet.

Introducción. El cáncer de vesícula biliar es el más común en el tracto biliopancreático y una importante causa de mortalidad. La metaplasia y la displasia han sido mencionados como probables precursores relacionados con la secuencia metaplasia-displasia-cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer las posibles asociaciones entre estas alteraciones histopatológicas y su relación con la edad y el sexo de los pacientes. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo descriptivo, con un componente analítico de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los informes de patología de pacientes llevados a colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva y ambulatoria, entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2020, con colecistitis crónica, colelitiasis o pólipos vesiculares, mayores de 18 años. Se describieron las características demográficas por sexo y edad utilizando medias, desviaciones estándar y porcentajes. Se emplearon la prueba de chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para evaluar la asociación entre las variables cualitativas. Resultados. Se incluyeron 4871 informes de patología. En esta cohorte se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre metaplasia, displasia y cáncer de vesícula (p

Objective: To determine the role of social health insurance programs in reducing inequality in the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) of cancer patients in China. Method: A convenient sample of 2534 cancer patients treated in nine hospitals in 2015 and 2016 were followed up through face-to-face interviews in March-December 2018. The incidence and intensity (mean positive overshoot) of CHE (≥ 40% household consumption) were calculated. Results: About 72% of cancer patients experienced CHE events after insurance compensation, with the catastrophic mean positive overshoot amounting to 28.27% (SD: 15.83%) of the household consumption. Overall, social insurance contributed to a small percentage of drop in CHE events. Income-related inequality in CHE persisted before and after insurance compensation. Richer patients benefit more than poorer ones. Conclusions: Cancer treatment is associated with high incidence of CHE events in China. The alleviating effect of social health insurance on CHE events is limited. Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la función de programas del seguro social de salud en reducir las desigualdades en incidencia e intensidad del gasto catastrófico en salud (GCS) en pacientes con cáncer en China. Método: Se realizó seguimiento de una muestra de conveniencia de 2534 pacientes con cáncer atendidos en nueve hospitales en 2015 y 2016, mediante entrevistas cara a cara de marzo a diciembre de 2018. Se calcularon la incidencia y la intensidad (reacción positiva promedio) de GCS (≥40% consumo del hogar). Resultados: Alrededor del 72% de los pacientes con cáncer experimentaron eventos de GCS después de la compensación del seguro; reacción positiva promedio acumulado del 28.27% (DE: 15.83%) del consumo del hogar. En general, el seguro social contribuyó al descenso de un pequeño porcentaje de eventos de GCS. La desigualdad relacionada con ingresos de GCS persistió antes y después de la compensación del seguro. Los pacientes más ricos se benefician más que los pobres. Conclusiones: El tratamiento para el cáncer está asociado con una mayor incidencia de eventos de GCS en China. El efecto mitigante del seguro social de salud es limitado en los eventos de GCS.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la fragilidad en el consumo de recursos sanitarios en población anciana con cáncer. Método: Estudio de cohortes de base poblacional con recogida retrospectiva y seguimiento de enero de 2018 a diciembre de 2019 en personas ≥65 años con cáncer. Resultados: Se incluyeron 996 sujetos, con una prevalencia de fragilidad del 22,1%. La mortalidad a los 2 años fue del 14,1% en los frágiles y del 9,0% en los no frágiles (p = 0,028). Independientemente de la edad y del sexo, la fragilidad aumentó el número de hospitalizaciones urgentes (168%) y programadas (64%), las visitas a urgencias (111%), las consultas externas (59%), las sesiones de hospital de día (30%) y las visitas a atención primaria (114%). Conclusiones: La fragilidad es más prevalente, condiciona un peor pronóstico y se asocia a un mayor consumo de recursos sanitarios en los ancianos con cáncer. Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of frailty on health resource use in aged population with cancer. Method: Population-based cohort study with retrospective data collection and follow-up from January 2018 to December 2019 in people ≥65 years with cancer. Results: Overall, 996 individuals were included, with a prevalence of frailty of 22.1%. Mortality at 2 years was 14.1% in the frail and 9.0% in the non-frail (p = 0.028). Independently of age and sex, frailty increased the number of urgent hospitalizations (168%) and planned hospitalizations (64%), visits to the emergency room (111%), outpatient consultations (59%), day hospital sessions (30%) and visits to primary care (114%). Conclusions: Frailty is more prevalent, determines a poorer prognostic and is associated with higher health resource use in aged population with cancer.

Introduction Coffee stands as the second most widely consumed beverage globally, following water.[1] Recent research on the effects of coffee consumption underscores its positive outcomes when adhering to recommended doses—typically ranging from 2 to 5 cups a day, amounting to a maximum of 400 mg of caffeine daily. This newfound perspective highlights the potential benefits of moderate coffee intake on our overall health and well-being. Aim of the study The objective of this study was to comprehensively review the existing knowledge regarding the impact of coffee consumption on diverse aspects of the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methodology A literature review was conducted utilizing the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google databases. Articles were systematically searched in both English and Polish, employing the keywords: coffee, caffeine, digestive system, digestion, and cancer. Results Recent research highlights coffee's diverse benefits, aiding digestion, hastening transit, and showing potential in cancer prevention. It stimulates gastric acid, enhances bile and pancreatic secretion, reduces gallstone risk, promotes large intestine movement, and modulates intestinal flora. Importantly, coffee isn't a primary factor in conditions like reflux, ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, or cancer. Conclusions Further research is essential to deepen our understanding of coffee's impact on the digestive system and its systemic effects on the body. Additionally, promoting awareness of safe daily caffeine doses that can contribute to health is worthwhile.

Artificial intelligence has been rapidly penetrating every element of our lives for quite some time. However, its presence in health care has remained elusive. This is particularly apparent in the field of dermatology, where, given the characteristics of this discipline of medicine, it would seems that its presence should be abundant. Malignant skin lesions are still high in the statistics in terms of cancer mortality while being one of the easiest to treat when diagnosed early. There are many reasons why artificial intelligence is not used in daily practice as an aid for cancers detection. However the most important one is the ongoing insufficient quality of the algorithms, which, despite great results in laboratory settings, do not produce good enough outcomes in clinical settings. Other important reasons are that people still distrust and fear artificial intelligence and simply the legal lack of adaptation of countries to its lawful and safe use. Despite the work of scientists and legislators the road to seeing artificial intelligence as a helping tool for dermatologists on a daily basis is still very long and requires the attention of scientists and the whole medical community.

En América Latina, el cáncer infantil incluye una serie de enfermedades que exigen muchos recursos y presentan desigualdades en el acceso a diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos y adecuados. En este contexto, la sociedad civil juega un papel fundamental en la mejora de los cuidados del cáncer infantil. Las organizaciones de este sector se han fortalecido en la Región para cumplir un papel protagónico en la entrega de servicios y en la promoción de conciencia y defensa en pro de la salud infantil. La Iniciativa Global para el Cáncer Infantil, impulsada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y otros actores relevantes, es una oportunidad para que los gobiernos y la sociedad civil trabajen juntos en la implementación de mejores prácticas en el control del cáncer infantil. En este sentido, en este artículo se aborda el papel de la sociedad civil en el cuidado del cáncer en la edad pediátrica en América Latina. Se destaca la importancia de su compromiso en la lucha contra esta enfermedad, participación en la concienciación y la defensa de políticas públicas que favorezcan el acceso a servicios de salud de calidad. Además, se destacan los problemas y las oportunidades que tiene la sociedad civil en la Región con relación a la implementación de estrategias para mejorar la sobrevida y la calidad de vida de los niños, niñas y adolescentes que padecen esta enfermedad.

El cáncer de mama constituye el tumor maligno diagnosticado con más frecuencia en mujeres. El tamoxifeno es la droga adyuvante de elección en el tratamiento endocrino del cáncer de mama con receptores estrogénicos positivos. Posee efectos que resultan muy útiles con respecto al epitelio vaginal y el hueso, además, es cardioprotector. Por otra parte, cabe señalar que después del diagnóstico de la enfermedad, se producen notables alteraciones físicas y psicológicas que tienen un gran impacto en la paciente y que, en muchos casos, se vincula a la aparición de depresión. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar la evidencia en relación con las posibles interacciones entre el tamoxifeno y distintos antidepresivos, así como sus efectos adversos en pacientes de cáncer de mama en tratamiento con tamoxifeno. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos Science Direct, Dialnet, Scielo, Medigraphic y PubMed. Tras la selección final de 12 documentos, los resultados señalan la elección de antidepresivo en el caso de mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento con tamoxifeno debe realizarse atendiendo al perfil, los efectos secundarios y el potencial de interacción medicamentoso posible. Es fundamental prestar especial atención a la importancia que tienen las interacciones que se pueden producir entre el tamoxifeno y los antidepresivos, puesto que dicha interacción puede repercutir en el pronóstico del cáncer de mama y la indicación de los antidepresivos surge de parte de especialistas no oncológicos. En definitiva, es fundamental tener en consideración que no hay evidencia clínica que secunde prescribir un antidepresivo en lugar de otro con respecto a la eficacia y la seguridad de los mismos, por ello se debe prestar atención a las diferentes interacciones que puedan surgir.