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High short-sightedness is a complicating factor in phacoemulsification cataract affecting the achievement of high visual results. There are no data in the literature that would reflect changes in the biometric parameters of eyes with high myopia after cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. The authors have shown the reliability of this surgical treatment, the absence of complications and a negative effect on the hydrodynamics of the eye. Patients underwent the ophthalmic examination and for patients preparing for phacoemulsification + IOL: A- and B-scanning, endothelial microscopy, optical biometry. In the group of patients with high myopia, regardless of the age, ranged from 3.1 mmto 3.9 mmwith a mean of 3.52 ± 0.34 mm(variation within 10%), while in the group of patients with myopia and concomitant cataract the fluctuations in anterior chamber depth were recorded in the range from 2.6 mmto 4.4 ± 0.1 mmwith average values of 3.14 ± 0.038 mm(variation within 25%). In the dynamics of treatment, a significant reduction in intraocular pressure according to Maklakov by 6.9% was noted in 6 months from baseline (p

At the same time, phacoemulsification of cataracts remains the most popular surgery. But the problem among phacosurgeons is the correction of existing corneal astigmatism. According to studies, about 30% of the world's population have corneal astigmatism with a strength of 0.75D and above, which leads to a decrease in visual acuity after phacoemulsification of cataracts in the absence of its correction.The most commonly used method to correct corneal astigmatism is the implantation of toric intraocular lenses (TIOL). The main condition for obtaining high visual acuity after TIOL implantation is the location of the astigmatic component of the artificial lens in accordance with the strong meridian of the cornea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of preventing the toric intraocular lens rotation after phacoemulsification of cataracts in the eyes with corneal astigmatism by implantation of a standart capsule ring.Material and methods. The article presents the results of a comprehensive examination of 43 patients (59 eyes) who underwent surgery by phacoemulsification of cataracts with implantation of toric IOL to correct concomitant corneal astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism according to keratometry ranged from 0.5D to 4.25D (average 1.96 ± 0.1 D). Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 26 patients (31 eyes). Patients in this group underwent phacoemulsification with toric IOL implantation according to standard techniques without the use of techniques that prevent rotation of the artificial lens in the postoperative period. The second group included 18 patients (28 eyes) who were operated on according to our proposed prevention method of TIOL rotation. As a result of the study, it was found that rotation of TIOL was detected 6 months after surgery in the I group without the use of developed method in 22 eyes (70.9%), in the II group, where the capsule ring was implanted, rotation occurred in 12 eyes (42.85%). In the II group in all cases, the deviation of the TIOL axis did not exceed 6 degrees. The proposed method of prevention of rotation of TIOL allows to increase the efficiency of phacoemulsification of cataracts.Conclusions. Developed a method of preventing the rotation of the toric intraocular lens using a standard capsule ring, which is implanted and located on top of the haptic support elements of the artificial lens can increase the efficiency of phacoemulsification of cataracts in the eyes with corneal astigmatism, contributes to the rotational stability of the toric lens and provides long-term results of visual functions, reduces the need for repeated surgery due to reposition of the rotated lens and can be recommended for implementation in the practice of ophthalmic surgeons.The use of implantation of a standard capsule ring according to the proposed in this study method prevents the rotation of the toric intraocular lens by more than 6 degrees in all cases, which does not significantly reduce visual acuity and does not require reposition of the artificial lens. This method of preventing rotation of the toric intraocular lens allows to achieve visual acuity of 0.7 and above in 85.6% of cases.

Abstract We herein report a patient without risk factors who presented acute bilateral Irvine-Gass syndrome after uneventful phacoemulsification. The novelty of our case lies on the fact that the patient presented acute bilateral Irvine-Gass syndrome without a predisposing systemic disease. Even though Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) was somehow expected in the first eye because of the ocular history of trauma, prophylactic measures were not strong enough to avoid its development. Furthermore, those measures could not avoid developing CME in the second eye. A 44-years-old male who underwent cataract surgery in both eyes presented bilateral Irvine-Gass syndrome. Despite prophylactic measures, both eyes developed CME after uneventful cataract surgery. Regular treatment options could not solve the situation and intravitreal Anti-VEGF injections were needed. Bilateral cases of Irvine-Gass Syndrome are rare and generally associated with systemic risk factors. Patients who developed CME following their first cataract surgery should be counseled about the risks of developing the condition following surgery on the contralateral eye. On top of that, aggressive prophylactic measures should be encouraged to prevent CME in these cases.

Resumo Objetivos: Quantificar a dor dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de facoemulsificação sob anestesia tópica e anestesia tópica mais dipirona e avaliar se há correlação da dor com o tempo operatório, a graduação da catarta e a Energia Ultrassônica Dissipada Acumulada. Métodos: Cento e quatro olhos de 52 pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia de catarata por facoemulsificação. Um olho foi submetido a anestesia tópica associado à sedação. O outro olho foi submetido a anestesia anterior acrescida de 1g de dipirona venosa. 15 minutos e 24 horas após a cirurgia, uma Escala Visual de Dor era respondida. Registraram-se a graduação da catarata, tempo cirúrgico, energia ultrassônica. Resultados: Dor no grupo sem dipirona 15 minutos e 24 horas apresentou decréscimo com correlação estatística significativa (p=0,004). Não houve significância estatística na redução da dor no grupo submetido à infusão de dipirona. Pacientes com cataratas de maior graduação apresentaram dor maior no pós-operatório (p=0,046). Conclusão: Ausência de redução significativa da dor com a dipirona apresentou resultados semelhantes a outros estudos. Redução da dor 24 horas após a cirurgia no grupo sem o analgésico pode ser devido à subjetividade da dor. Pacientes com cataratas de grau mais avançados apresentam dor mais intensa.

Resumen Introducción La facoéresis es el procedimiento en que se extrae quirúrgicamente el cristalino para tratar las cataratas. La pérdida endotelial corneal es una complicación reconocida. Si bien se han descrito diversos factores asociados a este daño, la experiencia del cirujano ha sido poco explorada. Objetivos Evaluar la asociación entre la experiencia del cirujano y otras variables asociadas a la pérdida celular endotelial en el contexto de la facoéresis. Métodos Se analizaron registros clínicos de 198 cirugías de cataratas, evaluando el efecto de la experiencia del cirujano y otras variables asociadas: energía disipada acumulada, tipo de viscoelástico empleado, uso de azul tripán, cantidad de fluídica, tiempo de ultrasonido, energía de facoemulsificación combinada y recuento celular endotelial pre y postoperatorio. Resultados No se observaron diferencias en el conteo postoperatorio de células endoteliales. Los oftalmólogos con más de cinco años de experiencia presentaron menor uso de azul tripán pero mayor cantidad de energía disipada acumulada en cada procedimiento, mientras que los oftalmólogos con menor experiencia utilizaron mayor cantidad de fluídica. Conclusiones Aunque hubo diferencias en el manejo de algunos factores influyentes sobre la pérdida endotelial cornal según la experiencia de los oftalmólogos, no se hallaron diferencias en relación a dicha pérdida como resultado final.

O edema macular cistoide é uma das principais causas de baixa de visão após cirurgia de catarata. O processo inflamatório parece ser o principal fator causal do edema. São considerados fatores de risco complicações cirúrgicas, doenças retinianas prévias, diabetes, uveítes e uso de colírios de prostaglandinas. O diagnóstico é feito clinicamente, mas a angiografia fluoresceínica e a tomografia de coerência óptica também são ferramentas importantes para detectar o edema e auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial. Apesar da profilaxia pré-operatória não ter evidência científica, ela é preconizada especialmente nos casos com fatores de risco. O tratamento inicial é realizado com associação de corticoide e anti-inflamatório não hormonais tópicos. Os casos crônicos e refratários têm diversas alternativas de tratamento, sendo o uso de triancinolona e antiangiogênicos intravítreos as mais utilizadas. Este artigo se propõe a discutir diversos aspectos do edema macular cistoide pseudofácico.

Background: cataract is the most frequent cause of vision loss in the population over 60 years and its treatment is the ophthalmologic surgical procedure mostly performed today.Objective: to describe the results of cataract surgery using the two types of surgical procedures, the extracapsular cataract extraction and the phacoemulsification of the crystalline lens, in patients of the Ophthalmologic Center of Las Tunas during the year 2016.Methods: a descriptive and retrospective study was performed to 1348 patients (eyes) suffering from cataract who were operated on by extracapsular cataract extraction (1257 eyes) and phacoemulsification (91 eyes) at the place and during the period herein mentioned.Results: the most frequent surgical complication was posterior capsular tear in the extracapsular extraction of the lens. The visual acuity was higher in the eyes operated on by means of phacoemulsification with an average of ≥ 0,6 of vision, and a fastest visual recovery. Postoperative endophthalmitis had an incidence of 0,44.Conclusions: both surgical techniques proved to be effective in achieving better visual quality in patients operated on for cataract, with a rapid incorporation into their social life.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados a longo prazo da técnica do piggyback secundário utilizada para a correção de ametropia indesejável pós-facoemulsificação. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que compreendeu 20 olhos (19 pacientes). A LIO utilizada foi de peça única de PMMA de 12,5 mm de comprimento total, com óptica oval de 5x6mm, com borda fina e arredondada e angulação de 10 graus com as hápticas. A mesma técnica cirúrgica foi utilizada em todos os casos, consistindo na confecção de túnel esclero-corneano com 5mm de largura, através do qual foi implantada a lente secundária no sulco ciliar. RESULTADOS: A ametropia indesejável foi corrigida em todos os casos. Não foi observado qualquer tipo de complicação durante ou após a cirurgia do piggyback secundário. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização de LIO de peça única de PMMA foi segura e eficaz no piggyback secundário para a correção das surpresas refracionais pós-facoemulsificação.PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term results of the secondary piggyback technique used for the correction of undesired ametropia after phacoemulsification. METHODS: Retrospective study comprising of 20 eyes (19 patients). The IOL used was a single-piece PMMA with an overall length of 12.5mm, a 5x6mm oval thin-edged optic with a 10-degree haptic angulation. The same technique was used in all cases, consisting of a scleral-corneal tunnel with a 5mm opening, through which the secondary intraocular lens was implanted into the ciliary sulcus. RESULTS: The undesired ametropia was corrected in all cases. No complications were observed during or after the secondary piggyback procedure. CONCLUSION: The use of a single-piece PMMA IOL proved to be safe and effective in secondary piggyback for the correction of refractive surprises after phacoemulsification.

Objetivo: evaluar los cambios endoteliales y resultados visuales en los ojos de pacientes con diagnóstico de catarata senil, operados por técnica de facoemulsificación por pre chop o extracción extracapsular del cristalino por túnel esclerocorneal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 100 pacientes (ojos) atendidos en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", de septiembre a diciembre de 2010. La mitad fueron operados por facoemulsificación y el resto por túnel esclerocorneal. Se analizaron las variables: mejor agudeza visual corregida y sin corrección, dureza del cristalino, conteo celular endotelial, hexagonalidad, coeficiente de variabilidad, astigmatismo medio inducido y tiempo efectivo de ultrasonido. Resultados: la pérdida celular endotelial en el grupo de facoemulsificación fue de 9,8 % y en el de extracción tunelizada, de 6,8 %. La hexagonalidad promedio posoperatoria fue mejor en el grupo de facoemulsificación (53 %). El coeficiente de variabilidad promedio preoperatorio disminuyó de 0,32 a 0,28 en el grupo de facoemulsificación. En este grupo el astigmatismo resultante fue de 1,35 D y el tiempo efectivo de facoemulsificación estuvo por debajo de los 2 minutos. En ambos grupos la mejor agudeza visual preoperatoria sin corrección promedio fue de 0,29 y mejoró a 0,56 en la extracción por túnel esclerocorneal y a 0,8 en la facoemulsificación. Conclusiones: la facoemulsificación por pre chop, constituye una buena opción en la cirugía de catarata. Las alteraciones endoteliales que provoca son similares a las de la extracción tunelizada, con ventaja sobre esta en la visión sin cristales por la menor inducción de astigmatismo.Objective: to evaluate the endothelial changes occurred and the visual results achieved in the eyes of patients diagnosed with senile cataract, who were operated on either by the prechop phacoemulsification technique or by the extracapsular extraction of the crystalline through the scleracorneal tunnel. Methods: a prospective and descriptive study of 100 patients (eyes) seen at “Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from September to December 2010 was conducted. One half was operated on by phacoemulsification whereas the other underwent scleracorneal tunnelized extraction. The analyzed variables were: best uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, endothelial cellular count, hexagonality, variability coefficient, mean induced astigmatism and effective phaco time. Results: the endothelial cellular loss for the phacoemulsification group was 9.8 % and for the scleralcorneal tunnel group was 6.8 %. Postoperative average hexagonality was better in the phacoemulsification group (53 %). The preoperative average variability coefficient of 0.32 decreased to 0.28 in the phacoemulsification group. Postoperative astigmatism in the phacoemulsification group was 1.35 diopters and the effective phaco time was less than 2 minutes. Preoperative best average uncorrected visual acuity in both groups was 0.29, rising to 0.56 for the scleracorneal tunnel extraction group and to 0.8 in the phacoemulsification patients. Conclusions: the prechop phacoemulsification is a good option for cataract surgery. Endothelial alterations are similar to those of the tunnelized extraction, but the former has the advantage of improved visual acuity without glasses, because of minor induced astigmatism.

Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento del endotelio corneal en pacientes sometidos a cirugías simultáneas de vítreo y catarata. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo. El universo lo constituyó 15 pacientes (15 ojos) sometidos a cirugías de catarata y vítreo de forma simultánea. El estudio se efectúo en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" de enero a noviembre de 2010. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes fueron hombres entre 53 y 67 años de edad. Las principales causas de indicación quirúrgica de vitrectomía pars plana fueron el desprendimiento de retina y la hemorragia vítrea. La densidad celular promedio antes de la cirugía y después de esta mostró una pérdida de 634 células (26,8 %). La ausencia de polimegatismo y sus formas leves predominaron en el preoperatorio, hubo un incremento hacia formas moderadas y severas en el posoperatorio. El pleomorfismo se comportó de forma similar al polimegatismo. Las complicaciones posquirúrgicas fueron hipertensión ocular, síndrome tóxico del segmento anterior y uveítis anterior. Conclusiones: valorar el estado del endotelio antes de la cirugía permite trazar una estrategia quirúrgica encaminada a proteger esta importante capa corneal y establecer un pronóstico visual del paciente. De esta forma permite evaluar su comportamiento en el posoperatorio.Objective: to determine the corneal endothelium behavior in the cataract surgery and vitrectomy performed simultaneously. Methods: a prospective, descriptive and observational research was carried out in “Ramón Pando Ferrer” Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to November 2010. The sample was made up of 15 eyes from 15 patients, who had undergone cataract surgery and vitrectomy simultaneously. Results: most of the patients were men aged 53 to 67 years. The main causes to indicate the pars plana vitrectomy were retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. Before and after surgery, the average cellular density showed loss of 634 cells (26,8%). Mild polymegatism forms were not detected before surgery but moderate as well as severe forms were observed after surgery. Pleomorphism behaved similarly to polymegatism. Three complications were observed after surgery: ocular hypertension, toxic syndrome of the anterior segment and the anterior uveitis. Conclusions: the evaluation of the state of the corneal endothelium behavior before surgery helps drawing up a surgical strategy to protect this important corneal layer and to establish a visual prognosis of the patient as well as to evaluate the postsurgical progress.

Objetivo: Determinar el astigmatismo inducido por la técnica de facoemulsificación según el lugar de la incisión en los pacientes operados de catarata en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" de enero a diciembre de 2010. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo en 2 510 pacientes operados de catarata mediante la técnica de faco chop por diferentes zonas de abordaje de la incisión principal (superior, oblicua, temporal) y extracción extracapsular del cristalino por incisiones tunelizadas. Se analizó la mejor agudeza visual corregida y sin corregir, la dureza del cristalino, el lugar de la incisión, el equivalente esférico, la queratometría y el astigmatismo inducido. Resultados: La media del astigmatismo queratométrico inducido fue de 0,45 dioptrías por facoemulsificación y 1,30 dioptrías por vía tunelizada. Al relacionarlo con la dureza del cristalino fue de 0,44 dioptrías en los núcleos de 2 cruces de dureza. Se indujo 0,03 dioptrías de astigmatismo con incisión temporal menor o igual a 3 mm. La mejor agudeza visual promedio sin corregir antes de la cirugía fue de 0,12 y después de 0,31; mientras que la corregida fue de 0,50 antes, a 0,77 después de la cirugía. Estos valores fueron mejores en la incisión temporal con cuatro líneas de ganancia de visión sin corregir y cinco líneas con corrección. El mejor equivalente esférico se obtuvo en la incisión temporal con 0,73 dioptrías. Conclusiones: La facoemulsificación con incisión por el lado temporal induce un menor astigmatismo. Esto logra una ganancia visual mejor y satisfactoria para el paciente.Objective: To determine the astigmatism induced by the phacoemulsification technique, according to the surgical site in the patients operated on from cataract in "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in the period of January to December 2010. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the behaviour of post surgery astigmatism in 2510 patients operated on from cataract by means of phacoemulsification technique (Phaco Chop) for different approach areas of main incision (upper, oblique, temporal) and extracapsulary cataract extraction with tunnelized incisions. Variables such as best corrected and non-corrected visual acuity, hardness of the crystalline lens, site of incision, spheral equivalent, keratometry, and induced astigmatism were all analyzed. Results: The mean induced astigmatism in phacoemulsification was 0.45 D, and for the extracapsulary cataract extraction technique was 1.30 D. When relating to the crystalline hardness, the induced astigmatism was 0, 44 D in the nuclei of 2 hardness crossings. The induced astigmatism was 0.03 D with temporal incisions or smaller than or similar to 3mm. The best non-corrected average visual acuity before surgery was 0.12 and after surgery was 0.31, whereas the preoperative corrected acuity was 0.50 and the postoperative value was 0.77. These values were better in temporal incisions with four lines of visual gain without correction and five lines with correction. The best spheral equivalent was 0.73 D in the temporal incision. Conclusion: The phacoemulsification on the temporary side induces smaller postoperative astigmatism with better satisfactory visual gain for the patient.

Se presenta un caso donde el uso habitual del Slit Lamp OCT Heidelberg Engineering, permitió el diagnóstico imagenológico y diferencial en un paciente con quiste retroiridiano en un ojo y glaucoma por cierre angular primario más catarata en ambos. Se le realizó iridotomías láser, facoemulsificación y evolucionó favorablemente. Se revisó la bibliografía internacional y se comentó sus principales características.This paper presented a case where the regular use of the Slit Lamp OCT Heidelberg Engineering allowed the imaging and differential diagnosis of a patient that suffers a retroiridian cyst in one eye, and primary closing angle glaucoma and cataract in both eyes. Laser iridotomy laser and phacoemulsification were performed favorably. The world bibliography was revised and its main characteristics were commented on.

Objetivo: Valorar los resultados de la calidad visual óptima en pacientes operados de catarata teniendo en cuenta la aberración ocular como factor determinante. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo de las modificaciones aberrométricas (medidas por el OPD Scan II Nidek) en la cirugía de catarata desde enero a julio de 2009 en el Servicio de Microcirugía Ocular en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología “Ramón Pando Ferrer”. De un universo de 353 pacientes, se utilizaron 300 ojos operados de catarata pertenecientes a 220 pacientes. Todos fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por un mismo cirujano y con una misma técnica quirúrgica (Facoemulsificación). Las variables estudiadas fueron: mejor agudeza visual corregida preoperatoria y posoperatoria, función de transferencia modular, índice de Strehl, wave front error, test de sensibilidad al contraste, aberraciones corneales internas y totales, preoperatorias y posoperatorias. Agrupamos los resultados en tablas con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, usamos métodos estadísticos confiables. Resultados: La mejor agudeza visual corregida mejoró 4,5 líneas en la escala de Snellen. Hubo un incremento del valor función de transferencia modular y el índice de Strehl; mientras que el wave front disminuyó. Se incrementaron las aberraciones internas y totales. Las aberraciones corneales no se modificaron significativamente. Conclusión: Los pacientes incluidos en este estudio obtuvieron una calidad visual física acorde a los resultados biológicos encontrados. Elemento que avala la necesidad de efectuar dichas mediciones sistemáticamente de manera que siempre, se logre la mayor perfección visual que le aporte al paciente una vida social útil.Objective: To assess the results of good visual quality in patients operated on from cataract, taking ocular aberration as a decisive factor. Methods: A prospective, observational, and longitudinal study of aberrometric modifications (measured by the OPD Scan II Nidek) in the cataract surgeries performed from January to July 2009 at the Ocular Microsurgery Department in “Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. Of the universe of 353 patients, 300 eyes operated from cataract from 220 selected patients were used. All the cases were surgically treated by the same surgeon who used the same technique called phacoemulsification. The variables under study were best corrected visual acuity pre and postoperative, Function of modular transfer, Strehl’s, wave front error, sensitivity on contrast test, and internal and total corneal aberrations and before and after surgery. The results were shown in charts with absolute and relative frequencies based on reliable statistical methods. Results: The best corrected visual acuity improved 4,5 lines in the Snellen’s chart. The values of function of modular transfer and the Strehl’ index increased but the wave front diminished. The internal and the total aberrations increased but the corneal aberrations did not change significantly. Conclusions: The patients included in this study obtained a quality visual in agreement physics to the opposing biological results, element that endorses the necessity to make this mensurations systematically so that the biggest visual perfection is always achieved that contributes the patient an useful social life.

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados facodinámicos alcanzados con la técnica de cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación chopping inverso en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología “Ramón Pando Ferrer” en 2009. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en 182 pacientes (ojos) con diagnóstico de catarata presenil y senil, que aceptaron someterse a la técnica quirúrgica. Los resultados facodinámicos de la técnica se evaluaron según las siguientes variables: dureza del cristalino, mejor agudeza visual con y sin corrección, poder de ultrasonido, tiempo de facoemulsificación, tiempo efectivo de facoemulsificación, densidad de células endoteliales y complicaciones. Estos datos se analizaron a través de tablas de contingencia con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, se aplicó la prueba t de Student para su comparación. Resultados: La agudeza visual con corrección obtenida significó cinco líneas en la escala de Snellen. El tiempo de ultrasonido aplicado estuvo dentro de valores normales en relación con la dureza del núcleo. La pérdida de células endoteliales no fue importante. La complicación operatoria no fue significativa. Conclusión: La técnica se consideró efectiva con resultados muy favorables. Es perfectamente aplicable para todos los grados de dureza de la catarata, evitándose con ella un gran número de complicaciones. Esto le permite al paciente una rápida incorporación a su vida social.Objectives: To assess the phacodynamic outcomes of the reversed chopping phacoemulsification technique applied in cataract surgery at “Ramon Pando Ferrer” Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology between January and December, 2009. Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was performed on 182 patients (eyes) diagnosed with pre-senile and senile cataract, who agreed to be operated on with this procedure. The phacodynamic outcomes were evaluated according to the following variables: lens hardness, best visual acuity with/without glasses, ultrasound power, time of phacoemulsification, effective time of phacoemulsification, endothelial cell density and complications. The results were analyzed through contingency tables with absolute and relative frequencies, in addition to applying Student’s t test for comparison. Results: The visual acuity with glasses increased by five lines in the Snellen chart, the ultrasound time applied was within the normal values and correlated with the hardness of the core. The loss of endothelial cells and the surgical complications were irrelevant. Conclusions: The technique was considered very effective and perfectly applicable for all sorts of cataract hardness. This allows avoiding a large number of complications and rapid recovery of patients to be reinserted into their social life.

Objetivo: Determinar los cambios estructurales de la córnea en la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación sin complicaciones. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de pacientes operados de catarata por facoemulsificación coaxial por la técnica de pre chop sin complicaciones. A estos se les realizó microscopia confocal de la córnea con el CONFOSCAN 4 (Nidek Technologies) con el objetivo de 40x y adaptador Z-Ring. Se realizó el estudio en el preoperatorio y en el posoperatorio (a las 24 horas, después de una semana, de un mes y a los tres meses). Resultados: Se demostraron cambios estructurales en la córnea como células epiteliales con núcleos hiperreflectivos alargadas en ocasiones y áreas de hiperreflectividad anómala a las 24 horas del posoperatorio. Persistieron queratocitos activados y la disminución de la hiperreflectividad de la matriz extracelular que desapareció al mes. Conclusiones: Aunque por biomicroscopia no se observen alteraciones corneales en el posoperatorio de la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación, sí se pueden demostrar por microscopia confocal de la córnea. Estas variaciones no influyen en la recuperación visual óptima de los pacientes.Objective: To determine the structural changes in the cornea in the cataract surgery using phacoemulsification without complications. Methods: A prospective study of patients operated on from cataract using the coaxial phacoemulsification (Pre Chop) technique without complications was carried out. These patients also underwent confocal microscopy of the cornea with Confoscan4 (Nidek Technologies) with 40x target and Z - Ring adapter. The study was performed in the preoperative period and postoperative period for 24 hours, one week, one month and three months after surgery. Results: Structural changes were observed in the cornea such as epithelial cells with hypereflectivity nucleus, occasionally elongated, , areas of anomalous hypereflectivity 24 hours after surgery. Activated Keratocytes persisted as well as decreased hypereflectivity of the extracellular matrix that disappeared after a month. Conclusions: Although biomicroscopy did not show corneal alterations in the postoperative period of the cataract surgery using phacoemulsification, these can be observed in confocal microscopy of the cornea. These variations do not have an impact on optimal visual recovery of the patients.

OBJETIVO: Determinar el astigmatismo inducido en la cirugía de catarata por la técnica de facoemulsificación, en los pacientes operados en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", en el período de enero a diciembre de 2007. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo para evaluar el comportamiento del astigmatismo posquirúrgico en 178 pacientes operados de catarata mediante la técnica de facoemulsificación (facochop) e implante de lente intraocular de polymethilmethacrylato o Acrílico por un mismo cirujano. Se analizaron variables como: agudeza visual sin cristales y mejor agudeza visual corregida, queratometría, tamaño y lugar de la incisión, así como el astigmatismo inducido. RESULTADOS: La media del astigmatismo queratométrico inducido fue de 0,61 dioptrías al mes de la cirugía, y fue menos de 1,00 dioptría queratométrica con tendencia a disminuir en el tiempo. El astigmatismo queratométrico inducido relacionado con el tamaño de la incisión fue directamente proporcional. Al relacionarlo con el lugar de la incisión no se encontraron diferencias significativas. La mejoría de agudeza visual sin cristales y la mejor agudeza visual corregida fue notable a medida que el astigmatismo queratométrico inducido fue menor. CONCLUSIONES: La facoemulsificación (facochop) ofrece al cirujano una incisión estable que induce un bajo astigmatismo posoperatorio y un resultado visual satisfactorio para el paciente.OBJECTIVE: To determine the induced astigmatism in cataract's surgery by phacoemulsification technique in patients operated on the "Ramon Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to December, 2007. METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted to assess the behavior of postsurgical astigmatism in 178 patients operated by phacoemulsification technique (phacochop) and implant of polymethilmethacrylate or acrylic intraocular lens carried out by the same surgeon. Variables analyzed were: visual acuity without glasses and a better corrected visual acuity, keratometry, incision's size and place, as well as the induced astigmatism. RESULTS: The mean of the induced keratometry astigmatism was of 0,61 dioptres at month of surgery and it was less than 1,00 keratometry dioptres with a trend to decrease in time. The induced keratometry astigmatism related to incision's size was directly proportional and its relation to the place of incision there were not significant differences. The improvement in visual acuity without glasses and the better corrected visual acuity was remarkable insofar as the induced keratometry astigmatism was less. CONCLUSIONS:The phacoemulsification (phacochop) offer to surgeon an stable incision inducing a low postoperative astigmatism and a satisfactory visual results for patient.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la efectividad clínica del diclofenaco sódico en colirio para mantener la midriasis pupilar durante la cirugía de catarata por facoemusificación y disminuir la inflamación en el posoperatorio, en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" durante el año 2010. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 40 ojos distribuidos al azar en dos grupos de 20 cada uno: a) se les aplicó en el preoperatorio y posoperatorio tratamiento tópico de rutina, y b) se les adicionó diclofenaco sódico en colirio durante el preoperatorio y la primera semana del posoperatorio. Se midieron los diámetros pupilares al inicio de la cirugía y al finalizar la aspiración de restos corticales. Se evaluaron los pacientes en el posoperatorio a las 24 horas, a los seis días y al mes de la intervención; se observó la presencia o no de hiperemia cilioconjuntival y celularidad en cámara anterior. RESULTADOS: Se observó que los pacientes en quienes se utilizó el diclofenaco sódico en colirio mantuvieron mayor grado de midriasis. A las 24 horas el número de pacientes del grupo 1 que presentaron hiperemia cilioconjuntival y celularidad en el humor acuoso fue superior a los del grupo 2, mientras que a los seis días y al mes estas variables se comportaron de forma similar en ambos grupos de estudio. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha comprobado que el diclofenaco sódico en colirio es efectivo en el mantenimiento de la midriasis transoperatoria y ofrece ventajas al disminuir la inflamación en la cirugía de catarata.OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical effectiveness of diclofenac sodium eyedrops to maintain the pupillary mydriasis during cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and to decrease the postoperative inflammation in patients seen in the "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology over 2010. METHODS: Forty eyes were studied randomly distributed in two groups of 20 eyes each: a) in preoperative and postoperative periods a routine topical treatment was applied and b) eyedrops diclofenac sodium was added during the preoperative period and for the first week of postoperative period. The pupillary diameters were measured at onset of surgery and the end the aspiration or cortical remainders. The patients in the postoperative period were assessed at 24 hours, at 6 days and at month after intervention; there was or not of hyperemia cilioconjunctival and cellularity in the aqueous humor was higher than that of the group 2, whereas at 6 days and at month, these variables behaved if a similar way in both study groups. RESULTS: It was observed that the patients in whom the sodium diclofenac was used maintained a higher degree of mydriasis. After 24 hours of the surgery the number of patients of group I that showed cilioconjuntival injection and cellularity in anterior chamber was higher that the number of group 2, whereas after six days and after a month of the surgery these variables behaved in a similar form in both training groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was proved that the eyedrops diclofenac sodium is effective in maintenance of transoperative mydriasis and also decreases the inflammation in cataract's surgery.

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar resultados anatómicos y funcionales mediante las técnicas de extracción extracapsular del cristalino (tunelizada con viscoelástico) y facoemulsificación (facochop) e identificar las complicaciones transosoperatorias y posoperatorias más frecuentes. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva longitudinal en 386 ojos con catarata sometidos a cirugía en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", entre enero y diciembre de 2009. Se estudiaron en dos grupos, según técnica quirúrgica empleada. En 140 ojos se realizó extracción extracapsular del cristalino (tunelizada con viscoelástico) y en 246 ojos se efectuó facoemulsificación (facochop). Se analizaron el tipo de catarata, la agudeza visual sin corrección y mejor corregida, así como el cilindro queratométrico preoperatorio y el posoperatorio, las complicaciones transoperatorias y las posoperatorias. Se realizó seguimiento posoperatorio durante tres meses. RESULTADOS: Predominaron mujeres de 60 - 80 años; la media de la agudeza visual sin corrección y mejor corregida posoperatoria fue similar en ambos grupos (0,6 y 0,8). La frecuencia de complicaciones transquirúrgicas y posoperatorias entre ambos grupos no difirió de modo significativo (10,7 vs. 8,5 %; 13,5 vs. 6,5 %). CONCLUSIONES: Ambas técnicas resultaron ser efectivas para lograr calidad visual en pacientes operados de catarata.OBJECTIVES: To assess the anatomical and functional results using the techniques of the crystalline extracapsular lens extraction (tunneled with viscoelasticity) and phacoemulsification (phacochop) and also to identify the more frequent complications trans- and postoperative. METHODS: A longitudinal, descriptive and observational research was conducted in 386 eyes with cataract operated on the "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to December, 2009 and studied in two groups according the surgical technique used. In 140 eyes a crystalline lens extraction was carried out (tunneled with viscoelasticity) and in 246 eyes with phacoemulsification (phacochop). Authors analyzed the type of cataract, the visual acuity without correction and better corrected, as well as the preoperative and postoperative keratometry cylinder, the transoperative and postoperative complications. There was a postoperative follow-up for three months. RESULTS: There was predominance of women aged 60-80; the mean of visual acuity without correction and better postoperative corrected was similar in both groups (0.6 and 0.8). The frequency of trans-surgical and postoperative complications between both groups not differed significantly (10.7 versus 8.5 %; 13,5 versus 6.5 %). CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques turned out to be effective to achieve visual quality in operated patients of cataract.

OBJETIVO: Comparar el resultado visual en pacientes operados de catarata por las técnicas de Blumenthal y facoemulsificación a través de la medición de las aberraciones resultantes. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo, que comparó el resultado visual, según aberraciones resultantes medidas por el OPD Scan II NIDEK en 30 ojos de pacientes operados de catarata por Blumenthal y facoemulsificación, en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", desde octubre de 2007 a febrero de 2008. Se aplicaron las pruebas no-paramétricas (Wilcoxon y Mann-Whitney) y se compararon los datos preoperatorios, pospreoperatorios y entre grupos. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los pacientes estudiados fue de 63 años. La agudeza visual sin corrección y con corrección posoperatoria mejoró significativamente en ambos grupos. En la facoemulsificación se obtuvo mejor índice de Strehl, sensibilidad al contraste y menor error de frente de onda. Las aberraciones totales, corneales e internas disminuyeron para ambas técnicas. La facoemulsificación redujo de manera significativa las aberraciones totales. En las corneales hubo mayor efectividad en la disminución de la inclinación; en las internas una disminución significativa de la esférica total y la total. CONCLUSIONES: El resultado visual de estos pacientes fue muy bueno en ambos grupos y resultó superior en los operados por facoemulsificación.OBJECTIVE: To compare the visual result in patients operated on of cataract using the Blumenthal and phacoemulsification techniques by measurement of the resultant aberrations. METHODS:A prospective, longitudinal and observational study was conducted to compare the visual result according the resultant aberrations measured by OPD Scan II NIDEK in 30 eyes of patients operated on of cataract by Blumenthal and phacoemulsification techniques in the "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from October, 2007 to February, 2008. Non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney) test were applied and the pre-, post- and intra-groups were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of study patients was of 63 years. The visual acuity with and without postoperative correction improved significantly in both groups. In the case of phacoemulsification there was a better Strehl' index, sensitivity to contrast and less error in wave front. The total, corneal and internal aberrations decreased for both techniques. The phacoemulsification reduced significantly the total aberrations. In the corneal ones there was a great effectiveness in decrease of the slope; in the internal ones there was a significant decrease of total spherical and the total one. CONCLUSIONS: The visual result of these patients was very good in both groups an was superior to those operated on bt means of phacoemulsification.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la posición efectiva del lente intraocular en la facoemulsificación diagnosticado por biomicroscopia ultrasónica y su relación con la "sorpresa refractiva" posquirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de una muestra de 176 ojos de 100 pacientes operados de catarata por facoemulsificación con la técnica de Pre chop, en el Servicio de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", a los que se le determinó la posición efectiva del lente intraocular en la facoemulsificación diagnosticado por biomicroscopia ultrasónica y su relación con la "sorpresa" refractiva posquirúrgica. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los pacientes estudiados, fueron del sexo masculino de la tercera edad, se diagnóstico la posición efectiva del lente intraocular en saco-surco por biomicroscopia ultrasónica, con lo que se logró la mejor agudeza visual corregida posoperatoria en todos los grupos de estudio, la distancia de la cara posterior del iris al lente intraocular, diagnosticada por biomicroscopia ultrasónica, en pacientes con lente intraocular en saco capsular demostró un valor constante, la mayoría de pacientes normo corregidos tenían el lente intraocular en saco capsular, los lente intraocular ubicados en la posición saco-surco, cuya háptica se encontraba con mayor angulación, tenían un cilindro posoperatorio promedio mayor, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el cilindro posoperatorio promedio obtenido. CONCLUSIONES: Queda demostrada la importancia de la biomicroscopia ultrasónica en la determinación de la posición del lente intraocular en los pacientes operados. Es determinante la localización del lente intraocular en el defecto refractivo posoperatorio, se destaca en la posición saco surco la existencia de un cilindro posoperatorio mayor.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effective position of the intraocular lens in the phacoemulsiphication diagnosed by ultrasonic biomicroscopy and its relationship to the postsurgical refractive surprise. METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study was performed in a sample of 176 eyes from 100 patients, who had been operated on from cataract with phacoemulsiphication using Pre Chop technique in the Ocular Microsurgery Service of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology". The effective position of their intraocular lens diagnosed by ultrasonic biomicroscopy in the phacoemulsiphication and their relationship to the post surgery refractive surprise was determined. RESULTS: Most of the studied patients were older adult males. The ultrasonic biomicroscopy diagnosed the effective position of the intraocular lens in sac-sulcus to achieve the best postoperative corrected visual acuity in all the studied groups. The distance from the posterior face of the iris to the intraocular lens found in patients with intraocular lens in capsular sac showed a constant value. Most of the normocorrected patients had their intraocular lens in the capsular sac whereas the intraocular lens located in sac-sulcus position, whose haptics exhibited bigger angle, had bigger postoperative average cylinder, no significant differences were found among the postoperative average cylinders. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the ultrasonic biomicroscopy is demonstrated in the determining the position of the intraocular lens in the surgical patients. The location of the intraocular lens is decisive in the postoperative refractive defect; bigger postoperative cylinder was more often found in the sac-sulcus position

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de complicações nas cirurgias de catarata realizada por residentes de um hospital universitário (segundo e terceiro anos), comparado com as realizadas por cirurgiões experientes (assistentes). MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de todos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata realizadas nas primeiras quinzenas de março (época do início do aprendizado da técnica cirúrgica) e de novembro (meados do aprendizado da técnica). Foram analisados a época da realização da cirurgia; graduação do cirurgião (residente ou médico assistente); técnica cirúrgica empregada (extração extracapsular ou facoemulsificação) e a ocorrência de complicações per-operatórias e pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 481 cirurgias, destas, 194 (40%) foram realizadas pelos residentes do terceiro ano, 165 (34%) pelos residentes do segundo ano e 116 (26%) pelos assistentes. A complicação mais frequentemente encontrada em todas as cirurgias foi a rotura de cápsula posterior (4,8%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa de complicações entre as cirurgias realizadas em março e novembro (p=0,97), bem como entre os residentes sob supervisão e os assistentes (p=0,08). CONCLUSÃO: A rotura de cápsula posterior continua sendo a complicação mais frequentemente encontrada nas cirurgias de residentes em treinamento. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as taxas de complicação destes residentes e os assistentes, o que demonstra o importante papel de uma supervisão adequada.PURPOSE: To evaluate the complication's rate of cataract surgery performed by ophthalmology residents (second and third-year) and experienced surgeons at a public teaching hospital. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who had cataract surgery between March (begin of the technique practice) and November (end of the technique practice) was conducted. RESULTS: In 481 cataracts surgeries, 194 (40%) was performed by third-year residents, 165 (34%) by second-year residents and 116 (26%) by experienced surgeons. The most frequent complication in all surgeries was the posterior capsule rupture (4,8%). No statistical diference was found between the residents and experienced surgeons complication's rates (p=0,08). CONCLUSION: The posterior capsule rupture remains the most frequent complication during the cataract surgery learning curve. In this study there was no statistical difference between residents and experienced surgeons, which demonstrates the important role of adequate supervision of the surgeires.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate intraocular lens power calculation may be a challenging issue in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery. METHODS: The authors present a series of 8 eyes (4 previously submitted to hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis and 4 to radial keratectomy) submitted to phacoemulsification and implantation of pseudoaccommodating bifocal intraocular lens. Double-K SRK/T formula has been used. RESULTS: Acceptable refractive visual outcomes have been achieved. CONCLUSION: Pseudoaccommodating bifocal intraocular lenses can be safely implanted in patients with previous corneal refractive surgery.OBJETIVO: O cálculo preciso do poder da lente intraocular em olhos com cirurgia refrativa prévia é, por vezes, desafiador. MÉTODOS: Os autores apresentam uma série de casos totalizando 8 olhos (4 previamente submetidos a "laser in situ keratomileusis" hipermetrópico e 4 à ceratotomia radial) submetidos à facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular pseudoacomodativa bifocal. Foi empregada a fórmula "double-K" SRK/T para esses casos. RESULTADOS: Resultados refracionais satisfatórios foram obtidos. CONCLUSÃO: Lentes intraoculares bifocais pseudoacomodativas podem ser implantadas com boa previsibilidade em pacientes com cirurgia ceratorrefrativa prévia.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar comparativamente a pressão intraocular (PIO) antes e após 1 dia, 3 dias, 1 semana, 1 mês, 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano, em olhos normais submetidos à facoemulsificação. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva da pressão intraocular (medida pelo tonômetro de aplanação de Goldmann) de 221 olhos normais de 133 pacientes submetidos à facoemulsificação sem intercorrências. A PIO foi avaliada antes e após a facoemulsificação (1dia, 3 dias, 1 semana, 1 mês, 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano), e os valores encontrados nestes períodos foram submetidos a uma análise comparativa. RESULTADOS: A PIO média foi de 16,06±2,69 mmHg no pré-operatório; 18,76±5,96 mmHg após 1 dia; 14,82±4,08 mmHg após 3 dias; 14,03±3,06 mmHg após 1 semana; 13,88±3,26 mmHg após 1 mês; 12,74±2,45 mmHg após 3 meses; 12,74±2,01 mmHg após 6 meses; e 13,24±2,77 mmHg após 1 ano. A PIO aumentou 18,9% após 1 dia; diminuiu 6,9% após 3 dias; 12,3% após 1 semana; 12,5% após 1 mês; 19,3% após 3 meses; 20,1% após 6 meses; e 19,9% após 1 ano. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia de facoemulsificação sem intercorrências leva a uma redução significativa da PIO em olhos normais. A diminuição da PIO é mais acentuada naqueles pacientes que apresentam PIO mais alta no pré-operatório.PURPOSE: To assess intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year in normal eyes submitted to a phacoemulsification. METHODS: Intraocular pressure retrospective analyses (measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer) of 221 normal eyes of 133 patients submitted to an uneventful phacoemulsification. The IOP was evaluated before and after phacoemulsification ( 1day, 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year), and these values were submitted to a comparative analyses. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP of 16,06±2,69 mmHg rose postoperatively to 18,76±5,96 mmHg at 1 day; dropped to 14,82±4,08 mmHg at 3 days; 14,03±3,06 mmHg at 1 week; 13,88±3,26 mmHg at 1 month; 12,74±2,45 mmHg at 3 months; 12,74±2,01 mmHg at 6 months; and 13,24±2,77 mmHg at 1 year. The IOP rise was 18,9% at 1 day; fall of 6,9% at 3 days; 12,3% at 1 week; 12,5% at 1 month; 19,3% at 3 months; 20,1% at 6 months; and 19,9% at 1 year. CONCLUSION: In normal eyes, uneventful phacoemulsification reduced IOP. The greatest IOP decreases were in patients with a higher preoperative IOP.

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar os resultados do controle pressórico e acuidade visual (AV) entre a facoesclerectomia profunda não penetrante (FACOEPNP) e facotrabeculectomia (FACOTREC). MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo através da revisão de prontuários. Foram selecionados 148 olhos de 127 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia no período de janeiro de 1998 a janeiro de 2007 do Instituto de Oftalmologia Tadeu Cvintal em portadores de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) com diagnóstico de catarata coexistente. Destes pacientes 77 eram do sexo feminino, sendo que 49 (59%) foram submetidos à FACOEPNP e 28 (63,6%) foram submetidos à FACOTREC. Cinquenta pacientes eram do sexo masculino sendo, 34 (41%) submetidos à FACOEPNP e 16 (36,4%) a FACOTREC. O estudo teve duração de 12 meses e os pacientes tiveram pressão intraocular (PIO) (tonômetro de Goldmann) e AV (LogMar) aferidos no pré-operatório e um ano após o procedimento cirúrgico, além do número de medicações hipotensoras oculares que foram adicionados no pósoperatório. RESULTADOS: Os grupos se mostraram homogêneos quanto a AV pré (p = 0,067), AV pós (p = 0,924) e variação da AV (p = 0,099). A média de variação de AV no grupo FACOTREC foi de -0,31 (dp = 0,59) (p < 0,001), enquanto que a média de variação da AV no grupo da FACOEPNP foi de -0,45 (dp 0,51) com pPURPOSE: the aim of the present study is to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity (VA) after combined surgery: phacoemulsification with non penetrating deep sclerectomy and phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy. METHODS: this is an observacional and retrospective study by chart review. We selected 148 eyes from 127 patients from Tadeu Cvintal Ophthalmolgy Institute during January 1998 thru January 2007. All patients had primary angle glaucoma and cataract. Seventy seven patients were female, 49 (59%) had phacoemulsification with non penetrating deep sclerectomy and 28 (63,6%) had phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy. Fifty patients were male, 34 (41%) had phacoemulsification with non penetrating deep sclerectomy and 16 (36,4%) phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy. The patients had IOP (Goldmann) and VA (LogMar) measured before surgery and one year after surgery, also the number of glaucoma medications that patients had to drop after surgery. RESULTS: the groups were equals comparing VA before (p = 0,067), and after VA (p = 0,924) with variation VA (p = 0,099). The mean VA in the group that had phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy was 0,31 (dp = 0,59) (p < 0,0001), and the mean variation in the group that had phacoemulsification with non penetrating deep sclerectomy was -0,45 (dp 0,51) with p , 0,001. The IOP mean variation in the patients that had phacoemulsification with non penetrating deep sclerectomy -6,2 (dp = 5,1) had stastistically difference (p < 0,001) and the mean variation of IOP in the patients that underwent phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy was -6,6 (dp = 5,3) (p < 0,001). There was no statistically difference between the groups evaluating the glaucoma medications. CONCLUSION: non penetrating deep sclerectomy combined with phacoemulsification causes IOP reduction similar phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy with the same result evaluating VA.

OBJETIVOS: Describir los resultados morfofuncionales alcanzados con la técnica stop and chop en la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación (faco), en el Centro de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" entre Junio de 2006 y Marzo de 2009. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en el cual el universo y la muestra del trabajo lo constituyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de catarata presenil y senil, quienes cumplían con los criterios de selección y aceptaron someterse a la técnica quirúrgica señalada, lo cual correspondió a 201 ojos operados. Estos datos se analizaron a través de tablas de contingencia con frecuencias absolutas y relativas; además se emplearon medias con el uso del programa de procesamiento de datos SPSS versión 11.1, donde se aplicó la prueba t de student para su comparación. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que la catarata predominó en mayores de 70 años en el 33,4 % de los pacientes. La mejor agudeza visual con corrección obtenida se incrementó hasta siete líneas en la escala de Snellen en el 93,0 % de los casos; el cilindro refractivo apenas se modificó en 0,15 dioptrías; la pérdida de células endoteliales fue de 8,2 % y las complicaciones operatorias fueron de 1,5 %. CONCLUSIONES: La edad de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de catarata por la técnica de stop and chop fue en su mayoría de más de 70 años. La MAVC posoperatoria ganó hasta siete líneas en la escala de Snellen; el astigmatismo que se indujo en la cirugía fue menor de media dioptría; la pérdida celular y las complicaciones posoperatorias no fueron significativas.OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphofunctional results of the stop and chop technique in cataract surgery in phacoemulsification at the Eye Microsurgery Center of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from June 2006 to March 2009. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The universe and sample of the study were all the patients diagnosed with presenile and senile cataract, who met the selection criteria and accepted to undergo the surgical technique in question, that is, 201 operated eyes. These data were analyzed through the contingency tables with relative and absolute frequencies; additionally means were used in the SPSS data processing software, version 11.1, in which Student´s t test served for their comparison. RESULTS: It was found that cataract prevailed in over 70 years-old and in 33,4 % of patients. The best visual acuity with correction increased to reach seven lines in Snellen´s chart in 93 % of cases. The refractive cylinder barely changed in 0,15 dioptres and the loss of endothelial cells occurred in 8,2 % of patients and the operative complications were 1,5 %. CONCLUSIONS: The age of the patients undergoing the cataract surgery through stop and chop technique was mostly over 70 years. The postoperative better corrected visual acuity increased 7 lines in Snellen´s chart; induced astigmatism was lower than 0,5 dioptres; cell loss and the postoperative complications were not significant.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El doctor Robert H. Osher describió en el año 2003 una técnica para la cirugía de la catarata, denominada microfacoemulsificación coaxial o CoMICS, la cual se ha extendido mucho en Europa y América. El objetivo de la investigación fue valorar el comportamiento de esta técnica en la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", en el año 2009. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo de 41 ojos pertenecientes a 32 pacientes operados de catarata. Se analizaron variables como: la mejor agudeza visual con corrección y sin esta, el astigmatismo resultante, el equivalente esférico y la densidad celular endotelial. Fue comparado su comportamiento antes y después de la cirugía y se realizó el análisis de muestras pareadas mediante la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS. La media de la edad fue de 61 años. Predominaron el sexo masculino y el grupo de 60-79 años, la agudeza visual sin corrección y la mejor corregida, mejoran significativamente en el posoperatorio. El astigmatismo inducido fue menor de 0,5 D. Mejoró el equivalente esférico y la pérdida celular endotelial fue menor de 10 %. CONCLUSIONES. La microfacoemulsificación coaxial tiene resultados visuales positivos en los pacientes operados de catarata.INTRODUCTION: Dr Robert H. Osher described a new technique for cataract surgery in 2003, which was called Coaxial Microphacoemulsification or CoMICS and has been largely applied in Europe and America. The objective of this research study was to assess the behaviour of the CoMICS technique for cataract surgery through phacoemulsification at "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophtahlmology in 2009. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study of 41 eyes from 32 patients operated on from cataract was conducted. Variables such as better visual acuity with/without correction, resulting astigmatism, spherical equivalent and endothelial cell density were analyzed. The behaviour of these variables before and after the surgery was compared together with the analysis of paired samples through Wilcoxon´s rank test. RESULTS: The average age was 61 years. Males, 60-79 y age group, visual acuity without correction and the best corrected acuity predominated. Induced astigmatism was under 0,5 D. Spheral equivalent improved whereas endothelial cell loss was lower than 10 %. CONCLUSIONS: Coaxial microphacoemulsification or CoMICS has positive visual results in patients operated on from cataract.

We demonstrate the combination of pseudophakic monovision technique with toric IOL in patients with relevant corneal astigmatism to reduce spectacle dependence after cataract surgery. All patients achieved UCDVA ³ 20/30 and UCNVA ³ J2 and none of them required spectacle correction on the 6th postoperative month.Nós demonstramos a combinação da técnica de monovisão pseudofácica com lente intraocular tórica em pacientes com astigmatismo corneano relevante para reduzir a dependência de óculos após a cirurgia de catarata. Todos os pacientes apresentaram AVsc ³ 20/30 para longe e ³ J2 para perto, sendo que nenhum deles necessitou de correção ótica até o sexto mês pós-operatório.

Relato de um caso de surpresa refracional pós-operatória não pretendida em paciente portador de distrofia corneana posterior amorfa submetida à facoemulsificação. A provável causa do erro, bem como a conduta tomada a partir do reconhecimento da mesma, são discutidas neste relato.One case of post-phacoemulsification refractive surprise in a posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy patient is reported herein. Its likely causative factor, as well as our approach once it was recognized are discussed in this report.

OBJETIVO: Determinar el estado del endotelio corneal mediante la microscopia óptica convencional, antes y después de la extracción extracapsular del cristalino o facoemulsificación. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal a 100 pacientes diagnosticados de catarata a los que se les realizó técnica de Blumenthal y facomeulsificación, en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", entre septiembre- noviembre 2006. RESULTADOS: Predominaron pacientes masculinos, en los grupos de edades 40 a 59 y 60 a 79 años. La técnica de Blumenthal modificó la densidad celular y la hexagonalidad, pero no modificó el coeficiente de variabilidad. La técnica de facoemulsificación modificó todos los parámetros morfométricos. En la técnica de facoemulsificación, donde el tiempo de ultrasonido fue mayor, los pacientes tuvieron mayor pérdida endotelial. CONCLUSIONES: La microscopia especular debe ser incluida como un examen de rutina prequirúrgico y posquirúrgico en la cirugía de catarata para demostrar el efecto de la misma sobre el endotelio corneal.OBJECTIVE: To determine the state of the corneal endothelium by means of the conventional optic microscopy, before and after the extracapsular extraction of the crystalline lens or phacoemulsification. METHOD: Prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in 100 patients diagnosed with cataract, who underwent surgery with the Blumenthal technique or Phacomeulsification procedure at "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from September - November 2006. RESULTS: Males prevailed in the age groups of 40-59 and 60-79 years. The Blumenthal technique changed the cellular density and hexagonality, except for the variability coefficient. The phacooemulsificación method modified all the morphometric parameters and the longer application of ultrasound meant greater endothelial loss in patients subjected to this technique. CONCLUSIONS: The specular microscopy should be included as a routine test before and after every cataract surgery to demonstrate the effect of the surgical procedure on the corneal endothelium.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad de la fórmula de Haigis en el cálculo del poder dióptrico del lente intraocular. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, de pacientes operados de catarata mediante la técnica de Facoemulsificación en el Servicio de Microcirugía del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología «Ramón Pando Ferrer» entre enero 2007 a enero 2008. Para el cálculo del poder del lente intraocular se empleó el IOL Máster y la fórmula de Haigis. La muestra de 101 pacientes, se seleccionó por el método aleatorio simple, de los cuales 28 fueron intervenidos en ambos ojos, para un total de 129 ojos. RESULTADOS: El equivalente esférico preoperatorio y posoperatorio no tuvieron diferencias, sí existieron entre esfera esperada y la obtenida. La mayor diferencia entre la esfera esperada y la obtenida fue encontrada en los pacientes hipermétropes. El astigmatismo refractivo fue bajo. La longitud axil posoperatoria no se modificó y la mejor agudeza visual sin corrección y con corrección mejoró en más de cuatro líneas en la cartilla de Snellen CONCLUSIÓN: Se demostró la efectividad de la fórmula de Haigis en el cálculo del poder del lente intraocular.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of Haigis´formula in the intraocular lens power calculation. METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted in patients operated from cataract with phacoemulsification technique at the Microsurgery Service of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Opththalmology from January 2007 to January 2008. The IOL Master and the Haigis´formula were used for the intraocular lens power calculation. The sample of 101 patients was selected by the simple random method, of whom 28 underwent surgery in both eyes, for a total number of 129 eyes. RESULTS: The Pre- and the post-operative spherical equivalents did not have any differences; but the expected sphere and the real sphere did show differences. The biggest difference between the expected sphere and the real one was found in the hypermetropic patients. The refractive astigmatism was low. The postoperative axil length did not change and the best visual acuity without/ with Correction improved by more than four lines in the Snellen´s chart. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of Haigis´ formula was confirmed in the intraocular lens power calculation.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad del método de Maloney para el cálculo del lente intraocular en pacientes operados con cirugía refractiva corneal en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología «Ramón Pando Ferrer» durante el año 2007. MÉTODOS: El lente intraocular implantado se calculó con la queratometría que aportó el Método de Maloney usando la fórmula SRK/T. Tanto la queratometría como el poder del lente, aportados por el método convencional y por el de Maloney fueron comparados estadísticamente, así como los datos refractivos del preoperatorio con los del posoperatorio de catarata. RESULTADOS: Las queratometrías obtenidas por el método de Maloney fueron menores mientras el poder de los lentes resultaron ser mayores al compararlos con los del método convencional. Se obtuvo un equivalente esférico postoperatorio promedio de -0,44D. El componente esférico medio después de la cirugía de cataratas fue de 0,50D, se reportó el 43, 75 % emétropes, mientras el 37,50 % resultaron hipermétropes. CONCLUSIONES: El método de Maloney es una opción efectiva para calcular el poder del lente intraocular después de cirugía refractiva corneal.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of Maloney´s method for the calculation of the intraocular lens in patients operated from refractive corneal surgery at "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in 2007. METHODS: The implanted intraocular lens was estimated through the keratometry included in Maloney´s method using the SRK/T formula. Both the keratometry and the lens power, contributed by the conventional method and Maloney´s method, were statistically compared and also the preoperative refractive data with respect to postoperative data in the cataract surgery. RESULTS: The keratometries from Maloney´s method were lower whereas the lens powers were higher than those of the conventional method. The average postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.44D. The mean spherical component after the cataract surgery was 0.50D; 43.75 % of patients were reported to be emmetropes and 37.50 % were hypermetropes. CONCLUSIONS: Maloney´s method is an effective alternative for the calculation of the intraocular lens power after the refractive corneal surgery.

OBJETIVO: Comparar la pérdida celular endotelial en los pacientes operados de catarata mediante facoemulsificación por ultrachop y prechop. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo de 120 pacientes (ojos) atendidos en el Centro de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" operados de catarata mediante facoemulsificación por ultrachop y prechop en el período comprendido de noviembre 2006 a julio 2008 a los que se les realizó microscopia endotelial antes y después de la cirugía con el objetivo de determinar las alteraciones del endotelio corneal ocasionadas por ella. Se analizaron las variables edad, alteraciones endoteliales, tiempo efectivo de facoemulsificación y agudeza visual. La información se procesó a través de frecuencias absolutas, relativas, media y prueba T de Student. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que predominaron los pacientes entre 60 y 87 años; existió pérdida celular proporcional al aumento de la edad y al tiempo efectivo de facoemulsificación. Se produjo aumento del polimegatismo en relación con el tiempo efectivo de facoemulsificación en el grupo operado mediante ultrachop y no fue significativa la modificación del pleomorfismo en ambos grupos. La agudeza visual con corrección mejoró en más de cuatro líneas en la escala de Snellen equivalente a 25 VAR en la escala de Logmar. La presencia de alteraciones endoteliales no influyó en el resultado visual posoperatorio. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio permite al cirujano del segmento anterior establecer un pronóstico antes de efectuar la cirugía, por lo que su realización en el preoperatorio constituye un pilar fundamental antes de su ejecución.OBJECTIVE: To compare the endothelial cell loss in patients operated on from cataracts through ultrachop and prechop phacoemulsification. METHOD: A prospective observational study of 120 patients (eyes) treated at the Ocular Microsurgery Center in «Ramón Pando Ferrer» Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology and operated on from cataract through prechop and ultrachop phacoemulsification techniques in the period from November 2006 to July 2008. They were performed endothelial microscopy before and after surgery in order to determine the corneal endothelial disorders caused by it. Variables such as age, endothelial problems, effective phacoemulsification time (PET) and visual acuity were analyzed. The Information was processed through absolute, relative, mean frequencies and Student´s T test RESULTS: The patients aged 60 - 87 years predominated, the cell loss was proportional to increased age and the PET. Polymegatism increased in relation to PET in the group operated on by the ultrachop whereas the change of pleomorphism in both groups was not significant. Corrected visual acuity improved by more than four lines on the Snellen´s chart, which is equivalent to 25 VAR in the Logmar scale. The endothelial alterations did not influence the postoperative visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This study allows the surgeon operating the anterior segment to set prognosis prior to the surgery, and this is an important pillar before the surgical procedure.

OBJETIVO: Presentar un nuevo signo clínico como resultado del desprendimiento gigante del epitelio pigmentado posterior del iris en el curso de un síndrome tóxico del segmento anterior tras una cirugía de catarata. MÉTODOS: Presentamos un paciente intervenido de catarata mediante facoemulsificación con implante de lente intraocular de cámara posterior plegable, sin incidencias ni complicaciones transoperatorias. Se le realizó evaluación biomicroscópica en el posoperatorio inmediato diagnosticándosele un síndrome tóxico del segmento anterior asociado a un desprendimiento gigante del epitelio pigmentado posterior del iris. Se tomaron fotos durante la evolución del paciente para documentar este raro signo clínico. RESULTADOS: Al provocar la dilatación pupilar farmacológica nos encontramos con la retracción de todas las capas anteriores del iris, mostrando por debajo al epitelio pigmentado posterior del iris sinequiado al lente intraocular y tan extensamente desprendido que simulaba un segundo iris. No encontramos este hallazgo clínico reportado en la literatura revisada. Denominamos este signo como iris en sayuela. CONCLUSIONES: El desprendimiento del epitelio pigmentado posterior del iris constituye un hallazgo clínico que puede aparecer raramente asociado al síndrome tóxico del segmento anterior y cuando es muy extenso puede presentarse de forma insólita como el signo del iris en sayuela.OBJECTIVE: To present a new clinical sign as a result of a huge posterior pigmented epithelium detachment of the iris in the course of at toxic anterior segment syndrome after a successful cataract surgery. METHOD: A patient who had undergone a cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implantation, without any incidence or transoperative complication. He was evaluated through biomicroscopy in the immediate postoperative period where a huge posterior pigmented epithelium detachment of the iris was diagnosed. Pictures were taken to document this unusual clinical sign. RESULTS: When performing the pharmacological pupil dilation, all the anterior layers of the iris were retracted, and the posterior pigmented epithelium was sinequiated to the IOL and so much detached that it looks like another iris. No reports of this clinical finding in the ophthalmologic literature were found. We named this sign as Iris in Underskirt. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior pigmented epithelium detachment represents a curious clinical finding that may be unusually associated to the toxic anterior segment syndrome. If it is very extensive, it may be appear as the unusual Iris in underskirt.

OBJETIVO: Valorar la técnica de facoemulsificación de "Divide y Vencerás" en la cirugía del cristalino en el Centro de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". MÉTODOS: Se realizó una investigación aplicada retrospectiva y descriptiva en 102 ojos con diagnóstico de cataratas presenil y senil, de 52 pacientes que se les realizó facoemulsificación por la técnica de "Divide y Vencerás"en el Centro de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", en el período comprendido entre junio del 2006 a febrero del 2009. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que los mayores de 60 años representaron más de 75 % del total del universo estudiado. La mejor agudeza visual corregida en el posoperatorio mejoró a más de 0,7 en la escala de Snellen en el 85 % de los ojos. La diferencia del astigmatismo preoperatorio y posoperatorio fue 0,13 dioptrías. En la microscopia endotelial los cambios encontrados fueron de un 8,2 %, las complicaciones presentadas fueron de 2,8 %, ocurriendo con mayor frecuencia la rotura de cápsula posterior. CONCLUSIONES: Los mayores de 60 años representaron más de 75 % del total del universo estudiado, la agudeza visual corregida en el posoperatorio mejoró cuatro líneas en la escala de Snellen, el astigmatismo posoperatorio fue mínimo sin repercusión en la calidad visual de los pacientes, en la microscopia endotelial los cambios encontrados fueron mínimos y no tuvieron repercusión clínica para los pacientes, las complicaciones presentadas fueron muy bajas y se produjo con mayor frecuencia la rotura de cápsula posterior.OBJECTIVE:To assess the use of "Divide and Conquer" phacoemulsification technique in the lens surgery at the Ocular Microsurgery of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive applied research was conducted in 102 eyes diagnosed with presenile and senile cataract from 52 patients who underwent "Divide and Conquer" phacoemulsification technique at the Ocular Microsurgery Center of "Ramón Pando Ferrer"from June 2006 to February 2009. RESULTS: It was found that patients over 60 years accounted for 75% of the universe of study; the best corrected visual acuity in the postoperative stage improved to more than 0,7 in the Snellen´s chart in 85% of the eyes, the difference between the preoperative and the postoperative astigmatism was 0,13 dioptries, the changes found in the endothelial microscopy represented 8,2%, the complications were observed in 2,8% of cases, being the most frequent the posterior capsule rupture. Ç CONCLUSIONS: The patients aged over 60 years accounted for 75% of the whole universe of study, the corrected visual acuity improved by four lines in the Snellen´s chart in the postoperative period, the postoperative astigmatism was minimal without any impact on the visual quality of the patients, there were minimal changes in the endothelial microscopy and no clinical impact was recorded. Complications were very low and the most frequent was the posterior chamber capsule rupture.

Com base em modelos matemáticos e estudos experimentais estima-se que as medidas da PIO sejam linearmente hiperestimadas em córneas com maior espessura e menor ceratometria por meio de tonometria de aplanação de Goldmann (TAG). Entretanto, tal influência se dá de uma maneira mais complexa que a prevista por estes parâmetros geométricos, sendo diretamente relacionada com propriedades biomecânicas. O sistema de não contato ORA (Ocular response analyzer Reichert) permite estudo das propriedades biomecânicas juntamente com a medida pressórica calibrada para a TAG e a compensada da córnea. Adicionalmente, o estudo tomográfico com reconstrução tridimensional do mapa paquimétrico caracteriza a córnea de forma mais completa que a ceratometria anterior e espessura central. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de dor ocular, fotofobia e baixa visão, 28 dias após cirurgia de facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular sem complicações em paciente feminina de 81 anos. Na primeira visita da paciente, enquanto a TAG era de 16 mmHg, o valor da PIO compensada da córnea (PIOcc), obtido com o ORA, era 25,6 mmHg. A histerese e fator de resistência da córnea eram baixos, 4,1 e 6,1mmHg respectivamente, apesar da paquimetria central ser relativamente mais elevada, de 601 micra. O padrão de distribuição espacial da espessura era atenuado, compatível com edema corneano que era observado também por meio das imagens de Scheimpflug (Pentacam). Com base nestes dados, foi feito diagnóstico de quadro de uveíte hipertensiva, associado à edema corneano, instituindo-se tratamento tópico com combinação fixa de maleato de timolol e brimonidina associado ao acetato de prednisolona. Três semanas após, a paciente apresentou-se com grande melhora da acuidade visual, resolução do edema corneano, e dos sintomas, normalizando os parâmetros biomecânicos, geométricos da córnea e de PIO.Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) overestimates intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in cases with thick and flatter corneas. This is thought to occur linearly based on mathematical and on experimental studies. However, such influence does exist, but this is more complex than the one anticipated by pachymetry and keratometry because it is related to corneal biomechanical properties. The ocular response analyzer (ORA Reichert) provides the data related to the biomechanical properties of the cornea along with the IOP measurements that are calibrated for correlating to the Goldmann applanation and also compensated from corneal properties. Also corneal tomography with a pachymetric map evaluation characterizes the cornea beyond central thickness and anterior curvature. In this article, we report a case of a 77 years old female patient with low vision, photofobia and ocular pain 28 days after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implant. In the first visit, GAT was 14mmHg, while IOPcc (ORA corneal compensated IOP) was 25,6mmHg. Corneal hysteresis and resistance factor were low: 4,1 and 6,1mmHg respectively despite a central thickness of 601 micron. Corneal thickness spatial profile was attenuated with an edematous pattern that was also observed by the Scheimpflug images (Pentacam). Hypertensive uveitis was diagnosed and the patient was started on a fixed combination of timolol and brimonidine associate with prednisolone acetate. Three weeks after, the patient referred resolution of photofobia and marked improvement of vision. Clinically, edema was resolved as observed by corneal tomographyc and biomechanical findings.

OBJETIVOS: Describir los resultados funcionales y anatómicos obtenidos con la facoemulsificación coaxial estándar por la técnica de multichop en la cirugía de catarata. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2005 y mayo de 2007, de pacientes operados de catarata en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". RESULTADOS: El poder del ultrasonido promedio fue de 20,7 %, el tiempo de ultrasonido medio fue de 46 segundos y el tiempo efectivo de facoemulsificación promedio fue de 10,2 s; existió relación significativa entre la dureza del núcleo y el tiempo de ultrasonido empleado (p < 0,05). La agudeza visual media mejor corregida posoperatoria fue de 0,8 con relación significativa (p = 0,00) al igual que el astigmatismo inducido que fue de 0,37 dioptrías. Existió una relación significativa entre la pérdida de células endoteliales y la dureza del núcleo (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Los parámetros facodinámicos empleados fueron bajos, la agudeza visual posoperatoria mejoró y el astigmatismo inducido fue poco.OBJECTIVES: To describe the functional and anatomical results achieved in standard coaxial phacoemulsification using multichop technique in the cataract surgery. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal and descriptive study of patients operated on from cataract at "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology, conducted from September 2005 to May 2007. RESULTS: The average ultrasound power was 20,7 %, the average ultrasound time was 46 seconds and the average effective phaco time was 10,3 seconds; there was significant relation between nucleus hardness and time of ultrasound (p < 0.05). Postoperative best corrected average visual acuity was 0,8 with significant relation (p = 0.00) as well as induced astigmatism of 0,37 dioptres. Significant relation was observed between loss of endothelial cells and nucleus hardness (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The used phacodynamic parameters were low, postoperative visual acuity improved and induced astigmatism was also low.

Purpose: Compare the OPD-scan results and the contrast sensitivity in patients who had implantation of the AcrySof SN60D3 multifocal IOL, the AcrySof SA60AT spheric monofocal IOL and the AcrySof SN60AT aspheric monofocal IOL. Methods: Thirty-two eyes received the multifocal IOL, 32 eyes received the spheric monofocal IOL and 32 eyes received the aspheric monofocal IOL. They were closely paired in age, sex, pre-operative wavefront analysis and contrast sensitivity. All patients was tested with the OPD-scan aberrometer, ETDRS chart at 100% and 9% contrasts and contrast sensitivity. Results: Statistically significant differences were detected more total aberration in SN60AT group (KW = 9.42; p=0.009) when compared to SN60D3 group (p=0.016) and SN60WF group (p=0.0047). The SN60AT group (KW = 16.20; p=0.0003) showed with high spherical aberration values compared to the SN60WF (p=0.00046) and SN60D3 (p=0.0014) group. No significant differences were found between groups in far-distance VA measured using ETDRS at 100% and 9% contrast. The SN60D3 group compared to SN60AT group (p=0.016) had low contrast sensitivity (log units) with statistical difference in 6.0 cpd (KW = 7.84; p=0.0199), but no statistical difference between SN60WF and SN60AT group (p=0.91) and SN60WF and SN60D3 group (p=0.051). The SN60D3 group had low contrast sensitivity performed under mesopic conditions (KW = 10.79; p=0,0045) in 6cpd spatial frequency compared to the SN60AT group (p=0.011) and to the SN60WF group (p=0.007) with statistical significant differences. Conclusion: In all analyzed parameters of OPD-scan aberrometry the aspheric and the multifocal IOLs provided less total and spherical aberrations than spheric IOLs. All IOLs provided an excellent high and low contrasts vision, the multifocal IOL was as good as the spheric and aspheric monofocal IOLs.Objetivo: Comparar a sensibilidade ao contraste e análise de "wavefront" com OPD-scan em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de facoemulsificação com implantes de lentes intraoculares AcrySof SN60D3 multifocal, AcrySof SN60WF monofocal asférica e AcrySof SA60AT monofocal esférica. Métodos: Trinta e dois olhos com a lente intraocular multifocal, 32 olhos com a lente intraocular monofocal asférica e 32 olhos com a lente intraocular monofocal esférica. A avaliação oftalmológica foi realizada no primeiro, terceiro, sétimo, e nonagésimo dia pós-operatório. Todos os exames foram padronizados, realizada por um único examinador sob condições controladas de luminosidade fotópicas estabelecidas em 85 cd/m², medida por meio de tabelas de ETDRS, sensibilidade ao contraste e análise de aberrometria com OPD-Scan. Resultados: As médias de aberração total foi superior no grupo SN60AT (KW = 9.42; p=0.009) quando comparada com o grupo SN60D3 (p=0.016) e o grupo SN60WF (p=0.0047). O grupo SN60AT (KW = 16.20; p=0.0003) apresentou superioridade nas medias de aberração esférica comparada com o grupo SN60WF (p=0.00046) e o grupo SN60D3 (p=0.0014). Nenhuma diferença significante foi encontrada na acuidade visual para longe com e sem correção óptica com a tabela de ETDRS a 100% e 9% de contraste. O grupo SN60D3 comparada a SN60AT (p=0.016) apresentou baixa sensibilidade ao contraste em condições fotópicas com diferença estatística a 6.0 cpg (KW = 7.84; p=0.0199), mas sem diferença estatística entre os grupos SN60WF e SN60AT (p=0.91) e entre os grupos SN60WF e SN60D3 (p=0.051). O grupo SN60D3 apresentou baixa sensibilidade ao contraste em condições mesópicas (KW = 10.79; p=0,0045) a 6cpg quando comparada com o grupos SN60AT (p=0.011) e SN60WF (p=0.007). Conclusão: As lentes intraoculares multifocais e asféricas apresentaram menos aberração esférica quando comparadas à lente intraocular esférica, além da prevista multifocalidade sem correção para longe e perto. Entretanto, o grupo multifocal apresentou baixa sensibilidade ao contraste.

O objetivo deste artigo foi reunir estudos de resultados e segurança da técnica de troca do cristalino com finalidade refrativa (TCR) disponíveis na literatura científica, considerando suas vantagens, desvantagens e riscos, analisando separadamente a sua indicação em cada tipo de ametropia.The purpose of this article is to review the data on the scientific literature on refractive lens exchange considering the advantages, disadvantages and the risks involved on this procedure, taking under consideration each type of ametropia.

OBJETIVO: apresentar os resultados refracionais da utilização de lente intra-ocular tórica na correção do astigmatismo corneano durante a cirurgia da catarata. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prospectivamente 27 olhos de 18 pacientes portadores de catarata com astigmatismo corneano topográfico maior que 1,0DC e menor que 3,0DC, submetidos à cirurgia de catarata pelo sistema de facoemulsificação no período de julho a dezembro de 2007. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual não corrigida foi de > 20/40 em 92,59% (25 olhos); a refração pós-operatória foi plana em 66,61% e entre ± 0,50 em 92,60%. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização da LIO tórica se apresenta como uma boa opção para a neutralização do astigmatismo corneano entre 1,0 e 3,0 dioptrias.PURPOSE: To present refraction results using toric intraocular lens for correcting corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. METHODS: The study comprised 27 eyes of 18 cataract patients with topographic corneal astigmatism higher than 1.0D and lower than 3.0D, submitted to cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification system, during the period of july to december 2007. RESULTS: Non-corrected visual acuity was >20/40 in 92.59% (25 eyes); post-surgical refraction was plana in 66.61% and + 0.50 in 92.60%. CONCLUSION: the use of toric IOL is a good option to neutralize corneal astigmatism between 1.0 and 3.0 diopters.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study is to assess central corneal edema and visual recovery after cataract surgery performed according to two technologies: conventional ultrasonic and liquefaction (Aqualase®). METHODS:This is a prospective contralateral study in wich 20 patients with comparable preoperative conditions were submitted to cataract surgery were evaluated. Preoperative assessment involved complete ophthalmological examination and the study included patients with bilateral cataracts up to grade 2, according to the Lens Opacity Classification System II. The same cristaline fracture technique was used in all cases, and surgical procedures were performed by the same experienced surgeon, using two technologies: liquefaction or conventional phacoemulsification. Postoperative central corneal edema was measured by corneal optical pachymetry (Orbscan II®) on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 10th postoperative days. RESULTS:None of the 20 patients submitted to surgery was lost during the postoperative follow-up or excluded from the analysis. On the first postoperative, the visual acuity average was 0.031 logMAR in the Aqualase® group and 0.043 logMAR in the conventional surgery group. No statistical difference was detected in the assessment of visual acuity throughout the postoperative period. Central corneal pachymetry varied from 543.93 + 34.69 preoperatively to 545.08 ± 25.67 on the last day of follow-up in the Aqualase® group, and from 543.13 + 30.62 to 536.08 + 34.89 in the conventional technique group, without statistical significance. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that both techniques are equally effective for surgery on lenses with grade I or II cataract, and that they provide similar results in terms of visual recovery and central corneal edema.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o edema corneano central e a recuperação visual após cirurgia de catarata realizada através de duas tecnologias: ultrassônica convencional e liquefação (Aqualase®). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com análise contralateral, onde 20 pacientes se submeteram à facectomia sob condições pré-operatórias comparáveis. A avaliação pré-operatória envolveu exame oftalmológico completo com graduação da catarata de acordo com o Lens Opacity Classification System II, e foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com catarata nuclear bilateral até grau II. A mesma técnica cirúrgica foi realizada em todos os casos pelo mesmo cirurgião, utilizando as duas tecnologias: liquefação e facoemulsificação convencional. As medidas do edema corneano pós-operatório foram realizadas com paquímetro óptico corneano (Orbscan II®) nos dias 1, 3, 7 e 10 de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Nenhum dos pacientes inicialmente inscritos no estudo foi excluído ou perdido durante o seguimento. No primeiro dia pós-operatório a acuidade visual média foi de 0.031 logMAR no grupo de Aqualase e 0.043 logMAR no grupo convencional. Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi detectada na análise de acuidade visual durante o período pós-operatório. A paquimetria corneana central variou de 543.93 + 34.69 no pré-operatório para 545.08 ± 25.67 no último dia de acompanhamento no grupo de Aqualase e de 543.13 + 30.62 para 536.08 + 34.89 no grupo convencional, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo sugere que as duas técnicas são igualmente eficaz para as cirurgias nucleares graus I e II, além de apresentarem resultados similares em relação ao edema corneano central e à recuperação visual.

OBJETIVO:Dar continuidade ao processo de atualização e aperfeiçoamento da cirurgia de catarata no Brasil, além de obter dados para uma análise comparativa das atuais tendências cirúrgicas nacionais e internacionais. MÉTODOS:Em maio de 2007, foram obtidos dados de 188 participantes de um congresso de Catarata e Cirurgia Refrativa através questionários autoaplicáveis, contendo perguntas objetivas a respeito da cirurgia de catarata. Análise estatística foi feita através teste T e Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 95,8% dos participantes praticam a facoemulsificação, enquanto somente 4,2% preferem usar a técnica extracapsular convencional. Para 73,4% dos participantes, o bloqueio peribulbar é preferido em relação ao uso de anestésico tópico (20,2%). A técnica de facoemulsificação mais realizada é a de dividir e conquistar (32,0%). A hidroximetilcelulose foi o viscoelástico de escolha para 60,8% dos colaboradores. O aparelho de facoemulsificação mais usado pelos participantes foi o Infiniti® (24,0%), seguido pelo Legacy® (19,8%). CONCLUSÃO:Os resultados deste estudo foram consistentes com o que era esperado, tendo como base pesquisas semelhantes. Destaca-se um aumento considerável do número cirurgiões adeptos à facoemulsificação e tendências no sentido de maior utilização de incisões corneanas temporais e anestesia tópica.Purpose: To continue the updating and improving process of the cataract surgery in Brazil, through recently pulled out and documented registries. In addition, we want to obtain data for a comparative analysis of the current national and international surgical trends. METHODS:In May 2007, data were obtained from 188 participants of a Congress of Cataract and Refrative Surgery who answered simple and multiple-response questions about cataract surgery. Data were analyzed by statistic means of Chi-square test and T test. RESULTS:95.8% of respondents practice phacoemulsification, while only 4.2% perform the conventional planned extracapsular cataract extraction. For 73.4% of respondents, the periocular block is preferred instead of topical anesthesia (20.2%). The most practiced phacoemulsification technique is the 4-section divide and conquer (32.0%). The hidroximetilcelulosis is the ophthalmic viscosurgical device chosen by 60.8% of respondents. The most used phaco machine is Infiniti® (24.0%), followed by Legacy® (19.8%). CONCLUSION: According to this paper is possible to suggest a tendency to high the surgeons who practice clear corneal incision and topical anesthesia. Besides that it was possible to suggest that in ten years the phacoemulsification seems to be consolidated as the surgeons's procedure of choice.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência de alguns tipos de opacidade lenticular no teste da tela de Amsler entre portadores de catarata senil. MÉTODOS:Foram avaliados 200 pacientes portadores de catarata senil através da aplicação da tela de Amsler, antes e após a cirurgia. O estudo foi feito em um único centro, simples cego, randomizado e prospectivo. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame de acuidade visual (AV) corrigida, para longe e perto, biomicroscopia do segmento anterior e da região macular. RESULTADOS:A acuidade visual média pré-operatória para longe dos 200 pacientes foi de 0,5 logMAR (20/60 Tabela de Snellen). Após a cirurgia, dos 11 pacientes que haviam apresentado alteração na tela de Amsler pré-operatória, dez não tiveram alteração no exame de reavaliação da tela. Os 10 indivíduos apresentaram acuidade visual pós-operatória, com a melhor correção óptica, para distância de 20/20 e para perto de J1. No presente estudo foi constatado 5,5% com alteração na tela de Amsler antes da cirurgia, em 5% dos pacientes estas alterações estavam diretamente relacionados a opacidade do cristalino e 0,5% relacionados a opacidade vítrea. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a alteração no exame da tela de Amsler pode ser diretamente relacionada à catarata, na ausência de alterações maculares clínicas.PURPOSE: To assess the influence of some forms of lenticular opacification in the Amsler grid test among patients suffering from senile cataract. METHODS: Randomized, prospective interventional trial. Two hundred patients with senile cataract were evaluated with Amsler grid, measurement of best corrected visual acuity for near distance and far distance, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment and macular region. RESULTS: With a two months minimum of follow-up, the average visual acuity after surgery for far distance among the 200 patients was 0.48 logMAR, 11 (5.5%) had changes in the Amsler grid test before surgery. After surgery, from the 11 subjects with changes in the preoperative Amsler grid test, 10 had no more changes in the Amsler grid. These 10 subjects had postoperative best corrected visual acuity of 20/20, and Jaeger 1, no abnormalities of the fundus having been detected. Under this study conditions, the prevalence of changes in the Amsler grid test was 5.5%, and in 5% of the patients these changes were likely related to cataract whereas in 0.5% they were related to vitreous opacification. CONCLUSION: Some patient with cataract showed changes in the Amsler grid test that can be directly related to cataract, in the absence of clinically detected macular disorders.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a análise da frente de onda e a sensibilidade de contraste pós-operatórias em pacientes submetidos à facoemulsificação com implante de lentes intra-oculares esféricas num olho e asféricas no olho contralateral. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo comparativo, randomizado, duplo-cego, incluiu 32 olhos de 16 pacientes. Uma avaliação oftalmológica completa foi realizada durante as visitas antes e depois da cirurgia (no primeiro, terceiro, sétimo, e nonagésimo dias pós-cirúrgicos), que incluiu acuidade visual, teste de sensibilidade ao contraste, aberrometria. Todos exames (menos aberrometr=ia) foram feitos monocularmente com pupilas não dilatadas. Os pacientes foram submetidos a facectomia ultra-sônica convencional com implante de uma lente asférica SN60WF num olho e esférica SN60ATno outro. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual média com a melhor correção foi -0,146 LogMAR no grupo da lente intra-ocular esférica, e -0.165 logMAR no grupo da lente intra-ocular asférica sob condições fotópicas, -0,003 LogMAR sob condições mesópicas. A sensibilidade ao contraste foi semelhante em ambos os grupos tanto em condições fotópicas e mesópicas. Em relação às aberrações ópticas ocorreu uma diferença significativa nas aberrações totais (1,09 ± 0,56 no grupo asférico e 1,52 ± 1,19 no grupo esférico) e no componente esférico das aberrações de alta ordem(0,422 ± 0,202 no grupo asférico e 0,124 ± 0,087 no grupo esférico). CONCLUSÃO: As duas lentes intra-oculares promoveram uma excelente visão em situações de alto contraste, e os olhos implantados com a lente asférica tiveram menos aberrações totais e esféricas que aqueles implantados com a lente esférica.PURPOSE: Compare the wavefront and contrast sensitivity of bilateral pseudophakic patients with aspheric in one eye and spheric intraocular lenses in the other. METHODS: This prospective, comparative, randomized study, double masked, included 32 eyes of 16 patients. A complete ophthalmic evaluation was done before, and after surgery at days 1,3, 7 and 90, and included best corrected visual acuity, the contrast sensitivity, under photopic and mesopic conditions, and aberrometry. Almost all exams were done monocularly with undilated pupils (aberrometry under pharmacological dilatation). The patients eyes were operated with conventional phacoemulsification, with aspheric intraocular lenses in one eye, and spherical in the other. RESULTS: The visual acuity with the best correction was -0.146 in the spheric group, and -0.165 logMAR in the aspheric group in photopic conditions, and 0.024 and -0.003 LogMAR under mesopic conditions. The contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic conditions was similar comparing the two groups. In regard to optical aberrations there was a significant diference between the total (1.09 ± 0.56 in the aspheric, and 1.52± 1.19 in the spherical group) and spherical component of high order aberrations (0.422± 0.202 in spheric group and 0.124 ± 0.087 in the aspheric group). CONCLUSION: Both groups reached excellent postoperative visual acuity in high contrast situations, however aspheric intraocular lenses group had lower total and spherical aberrations, comparing to the spheric intraocular lenses group.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da transição da cirurgia de facoemulsificação sob anestesia peribulbar para tópica realizadas por residentes do terceiro ano. MÉTODOS: Os prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à facoemulsificação no período de agosto de 2004 a janeiro de 2005 foram analisados. Os pacientes foram operados sob anestesia tópica (grupo I) e peribulbar (grupo II).Foram obtidos dados referentes a sexo, idade, acuidade visual com estenopeico e complicações. Foram excluídos pacientes com baixa acuidade visual não devido à catarata. RESULTADOS: Cento e cinqüenta e um (151) olhos foram avaliados; 70 olhos no grupo I e 81 no grupo II. A acuidade visual pósoperatória com estenopeico aos seis meses foi superior a logMAR +0,30 em 80,7% e a média foi de log MAR +0.10 em ambos os grupos. As análises das complicações intraoperatórias entre os grupos I e II mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,039). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados sugerem que a transição para cirurgia de facoemulsificação sob anestesia tópica realizadas por residentes de terceiro ano é eficaz e segura.PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome and safety of the transition from phacoemulsification performed by third year residents using peribulbar anesthesia to topical anesthesia. METHODS: Cases performed by third year residents from august 2004 to february 2005 were analyzed. Patients were operated under peribulbar (group I) and topical anesthesia (group II). Variables analyzed included patients age, sex, visual acuity under pinhole and complications. Patients with low visual acuity other than cataract were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: A total of 151 eyes were analyzed; 70 eyes in group I and 81 in group II. The visual acuity with pinhole as better than logMAR +0,30 in 80,7% and the average visual acuity after six months was log MAR +0.10 for both groups.The complication rate diference between both groups was statistically significant (p=0,039). CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that transition to topical anesthesia performed by third year residents is safe with similar outcomes.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se uma cirurgia de catarata por facoemulsificação com complicação intra-operatória é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de degeneração macular relacionada à idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal tipo caso-controle com revisão dos prontuários de 1150 pacientes submetidos à facectomia no período de 1995 a 1999, realizadas por apenas um cirurgião (T.C.). Para cálculo estatístico foram utilizados o Qui-quadrado com correção de Yates, Teste Exato de Fisher e Teste de Mann-Whitney, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Em 224 pacientes foram encontrados 297 olhos operados, com seguimento médio de 6,15 anos. Das cirurgias realizadas, 240 foram consideradas normais e 57 complicadas. Das cirurgias complicadas no sexo feminino, num total de 38 cirurgias, 10 apresentaram alterações em F.O. (p = 0,0509). Das cirurgias realizadas em pacientes do sexo masculino 19 foram complicadas, e destas, apenas um olho evoluiu com F.O. alterado (p = 0,5737). CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observado aumento, estatisticamente significante, da incidência de degeneração macular em olhos que tiveram complicação intra-operatória. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor elucidação da patogenia desta patologia.PURPOSE: To estimate if a complicated phacoemulsification is a risk factor for developing age related macular degeneration. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study with review of records of 1150 patients, that underwent phacoemulsification surgery between 1995 and 1999, performed by a single surgeon (T.C.) Qui square test, Fisher exact test, and Mann-Whitney test were used to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 224 participants who had cataract surgery on 297 eyes, and from this total, 240 were with no complication and 57 were complicated surgery. In the female group there were a total of 38 complicated surgery, and ten of those developed ARMD. (p = 0,0509). In the male group one in 19 of the eyes that have complicated surgery developed ARMD (p = 0,5737). CONCLUSION: There were no statistically significant increase in the incidence of ARMD in eyes that have complicated surgery, however more research is necessary to clarify the pathogeny of this desease.

We report a case in which the vitreous was inadvertently stained with trypan blue during cataract surgery.

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar los resultados obtenidos con la técnica de prechop (PCh) y su combinación con la microincision cataract surgery MICS (por sus siglas en inglés) (PChMICS) en la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación con el uso de el chopper de irrigación oblicua en el Centro de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología «Ramón Pando Ferrer» desde septiembre de 2006 hasta enero de 2007. El universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por 120 pacientes (ojos) con diagnóstico de catarata presenil y senil, que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico. Se analizaron como variables: edad, sexo, agudeza visual con corrección, microscopia endotelial y cilindro refractivo, todos en el preoperatorio y posoperatorio, así como el tiempo de ultrasonido y complicaciones más frecuentes. Estos datos se analizaron a través de tablas de contingencia con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, medias y se utilizó la prueba t de Student para su comparación. Se encontró que la catarata predominó en pacientes menores de 60 años; la agudeza visual con corrección mejoró 5 líneas en la cartilla de Sellen, el cilindro refractivo apenas se modificó; el tiempo de ultrasonido aplicado estuvo dentro de valores normales; la pérdida de células endoteliales no fue importante, y la complicación transoperatoria más frecuente fue rotura de cápsula posterior con salida de vítreo.The objective of this study was to present the results of the prechop technique (PCh) combined with microincision cataract surgery (MICS) that was used in cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with the oblique irrigation chopper in the Center of Eye Microsurgery of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from September, 2006 to January, 2007. The universe of study was made up of 120 patients (eyes) diagnosed with pre-senile and senile cataract and surgically treated. The analyzed variables were age, sex, visual acuity with correction, endothelial microscopy and refractive cylinder during the preoperative and postoperative periods, as well as ultrasound time and most common complications. For this analysis, contingency tables with absolute and relative frequencies and medians, and also Student´s t test for comparing data were used. It was found that cataract prevailed in patients under 60 years; visual acuity with correction improved 5 lines in Sellen chart, the refractive cylinder slightly changed, the time of ultrasound application was within the normal values; loss of endothelial cells was not significant and the most frequent transoperative complication was rupture of posterior capsule with vitreous detachment.

Un importante eslabón en el progreso alcanzado en la cirugía de cataratas, está fundamentado en el desarrollo industrial paralelo que ha ocurrido durante los últimos años con la introducción de nuevos modelos de lentes intraoculares, como el Rayner 620 H; el perfeccionamiento del instrumental quirúrgico, sistemas de aspiración e irrigación bimanual y bisturí con la medida exacta para colocar el inyector de la lente intraocular. La lente intraocular Rayner 620H significó un gran paso para la facoemulsificación y el control de la opacidad de la cápsula posterior posoperatoria por el diseño peculiar de su óptica y hápticos, que permiten un implante seguro, fácil y una incisión mínima. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo, cuyo universo de estudio fueron 28 ojos con diagnóstico de cataratas a los cuales se les realizó facoemulsificación con implante de lente intraocular Rayner 620 H, en el Centro de Microcirugía Ocular del Instituto Cubano de oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" en el período comprendido entre junio de 2006 a febrero de 2007. El grupo de edades donde se encontró el de mayor número de pacientes fue en el de más de 60 años. En todos los casos hubo un aumento significativo de la agudeza visual sin corrección y con ella, del preoperatorio al posoperatorio. Hubo un aumento del cilindro queratométrico del preoperatorio al posoperatorio, pero este fue mínimo La pérdida de células endoteliales fue baja del preoperatorio al posoperatorio, respectivamente. No hubo ninguna complicación durante la cirugía ni después de esta. Evaluamos como satisfactoria la efectividad del lente intraocular Rayner 620 H, por el aumento de la agudeza visual del paciente, el bajo astigmatismo inducido, mejoría del campo visual por confrontación, mínima pérdida de células endoteliales, y ausencia de complicaciones y de deslumbramiento posoperatorio en los pacientes.An important link in the advances made by the cataract surgery is the industrial development that has taken place in the last few years with the introduction of new intraocular lens models such as Rayner 620 H, the improvement of surgical implements, systems of bimanual aspiration and irrigation and custom-made scalpel to place the intraocular lens injector. IOL Rayner 620 H meant a step forward for phacoemulsification and the control of postoperative posterior capsule opacity due to the peculiar design of its optics and haptics that allows a safe and easy implantation using tiny incision. A prospective descriptive study was conducted in 28 eyes diagnosed with cataract, which underwent phacoemulsification with Rayner 620 H intraocular lens implantation performed at the Ocular Microsurgery Center of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from June 2006 to February 2007. The majority of patients was included in the over 60 years age group. All the cases showed a significant increase of visual acuity with and without correction from the preoperative to the postoperative phases. The keratometric cylinder also increased but slightly. Loss of endothelial cells was low from preoperative to postoperative phase. There was no complication during or after the surgery. We assessed the effectiveness of IOL Rayner 620 H as satisfactory because of the higher visual acuity of the patient, low induced astigmatism, improved visual field, minimal loss of endothelial cells and lack of complications and postoperative dazzling in the patients.