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1. Caracterización de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de pulpa de café (Coffea arabica L.) deshidratada de tres fincas cafeteras de la región Amazonas (Perú)

Author

Rosita Cruz, Robert J. Cruzalegui, Orlando Güivin, and Armstrong B. Fernández-Jeri

Subjects
Strategy and Management, engineering.material, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, antioxidantes, medicine, fenoles, Dehydration, Gallic acid, Food science, Ethanol, extracción, Chemistry, Coffea arabica, Pulp (paper), Extraction (chemistry), café, solventes orgánicos, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, medicine.disease, Computer Science Applications, Solvent, General Energy, engineering, Methanol, Food Science
Abstract

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar los compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de la pulpa de café (Coffea arabica L.) deshidratada a través de dos métodos de secado (aire caliente y liofilizado). Las muestras de pulpa de café se obtuvieron de tres provincias de la región Amazonas (Perú), para luego ser sometidas a un proceso de lavado, oreado, deshidratado, molienda y extracción utilizando agua ultra pura y cuatro solventes orgánicos: etanol 50 %, etanol 95 %, metanol 50 % y metanol 95 %. Se encontró que los extractos obtenidos mediante liofilización y solvente etanol al 95 % tienen la mayor capacidad de extracción, compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante, con 66.3 % y 402.6 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/100 g pulpa deshidratada, respectivamente. Se concluye que el etanol al 95 % es el mejor solvente para la extracción de compuestos fenólicos en pulpa de café deshidratada por liofilización.

Published
2021

2. Alcohol poisoning and duodenum ulcer mortality in Russia, 1965-2005.

Author

Razvodovsky YE

Subjects
Humans, Incidence, Prevalence, Russia epidemiology, Duodenal Ulcer mortality, Ethanol poisoning, Poisoning epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Peptic ulcer disease is a common clinical problem. Binge drinking has been shown to increase the risk of ulcer at the individual level., Purpose: To estimate the aggregate level effect of binge drinking on duodenum ulcer mortality rate., Method: Trends in age-adjusted, sex-specific fatal alcohol poisoning and duodenum ulcer mortality rates in Russia from 1965 to 2005 were analyzed employing an ARIMA analysis in order to asses a bivariate relationship between the two time series., Results: Time series analysis indicate the presence of statistically significant association between the two series for male (r = 0.51; SE = 0.16). The association between the two time series for female is also positive, however, statistically not significant (r = 0.25; SE = 0.14)., Conclusion: This paper present new epidemiological evidence of aggregate level relationship between alcohol and duodenum ulcer mortality rate. The outcome of this study also supports the hypothesis that binge drinking of strong spirits is a risk factor of ulcer at the individual level.

Published
2007

3. [Influence of asthma inhalers on a breath alcohol test].

Author

Ignacio García JM, Ignacio García JM, Almenara Barrios J, and Hita Iglesias C

Subjects
Alcoholic Intoxication blood, Anti-Asthmatic Agents administration & dosage, Asthma blood, Asthma drug therapy, False Positive Reactions, Humans, Alcoholic Intoxication diagnosis, Anti-Asthmatic Agents pharmacology, Breath Tests, Ethanol blood, Nebulizers and Vaporizers
Abstract

Background: People and authorities are worried about interferences in breath alcohol measurements. The influence of different inhalers on breath alcohol tests is analysed in this paper., Patients and Method: We included 60 patients treated with different inhalers. They underwent a breath alcohol test before treatment and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 min after it., Results: Every medication led to positive readings within the first minutes of its administration. However, all values reached zero at 10 min. Patients administered higher doses and those who did not use a spacer device were found to have higher reading values., Conclusions: Asthma inhalers, including those without alcohol contents, lead to positive readings of breath alcohol measuring devices within the first minutes. However, these interferences are no longer detected at 10 min.

Published
2002
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4. [Biosynthesis of congeners during alcohol fermentation].

Author

Santillán-Valverde MC and García-Garibay M

Subjects
Acetaldehyde metabolism, Alcoholic Beverages, Alcohols metabolism, Amino Acids metabolism, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Esters metabolism, Fermentation, Ketones metabolism, Ethanol metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism
Abstract

The flavor of alcoholic beverages is a consequence of a complex mixture of many compounds, including small concentrations of some volatile metabolites known as congeners, which are produced by the yeast during the fermentation. The more important compounds are those that can be found in all the alcoholic beverages in different concentrations, and they can be grouped on the following chemical species: higher alcohols, esters, and carboniles. In the current paper the biochemical pathways that produce these compounds from the raw materials are reviewed. Research done in this field has led to a more complete knowledge concerning to organoleptic profiles of alcoholic beverages and to a better control for the production of the final product.

Published
1998

5. [Endoscopic treatment of gastroduodenal digestive hemorrhage].

Author

Llanos J, Valdés E, Cofré C, Tapia A, and Denegri E

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Esophageal and Gastric Varices complications, Ethanol administration & dosage, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications therapy, Sclerotherapy instrumentation, Stomach Neoplasms complications, Stomach Neoplasms diagnosis, Stomach Neoplasms pathology, Treatment Outcome, Endoscopy, Digestive System, Esophageal and Gastric Varices therapy, Ethanol therapeutic use, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage therapy, Sclerotherapy methods
Abstract

Endoscopy is extremely useful for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. At the present time, therapeutic measures are been used during the endoscopy to stop bleeding. This paper reports the experience of hospital de Talca in the endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Thirty four patients (22 male) with bleeding not originating from esophageal or gastric varices were treated with direct absolute alcohol injection into the bleeding lesions. The procedure was successful in 31 patients. Three of the 34 patients required surgery, but only one of those successfully sclerosed (97% success). There were no complications attributable to the procedure. It is concluded that this therapeutic modality must be implemented in places were gastrointestinal endoscopy is performed.

Published
1992

6. [Clinical and lesion-related bases of alcoholic brain damage].

Author

Medrano Albéniz J, Sadaba Garay F, and Marot Perelló M

Subjects
Adult, Alcoholism pathology, Atrophy, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain Damage, Chronic diagnostic imaging, Brain Damage, Chronic pathology, Brain Damage, Chronic psychology, Cardiovascular Diseases chemically induced, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychoses, Alcoholic diagnostic imaging, Psychoses, Alcoholic psychology, Risk Factors, Temperance, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Alcoholism complications, Brain pathology, Brain Damage, Chronic etiology, Ethanol adverse effects, Psychoses, Alcoholic pathology
Abstract

Alcohol-induced brain damage is known since long, with classical descriptions of lesions. There is no constant correlation between them and any of the clinical presentations of chronic intoxication. New neuroimaging techniques, neuropsychology and basic investigation have supplied with new data. The so-called alcoholic dementia and its possible reversibility are major issues of this problem. This paper reviews radiological, pathological, vascular and neuropsychological studies related to this point.

Published
1992

7. Exogenous Factors in the Development of Flexible Fuel Cars as a Local Dominant Technology

Author

Paulo Tromboni de Souza Nascimento, Abraham Sin Oih Yu, Robson Quinello, Rosaria de Fatima S. Macri Russo, Nigro Francisco, and Nilton Cesar Lima

Subjects
automotive industry, biofuels, ethanol, local dominant design, power train technology., Technology, Technology (General), T1-995
Abstract

With flexible fuel technology, customers can choose among gasoline, ethanol, or any mix thereof at the fuel station pump. This paper presents the endogenous and exogenous factors that influnced the development of a flexible fuel electronic injection system by Magneti Marelli Automotive Systems Brazil – the first to the market. This software-based technological architecture, launched commercially in 2003, is now the dominant flexfuel design in the Brazilian market. This article documents the emergence of a local dominant technology (design) in a specific car sub-system. It is shown how exogenous institutional factors played the major role in this process. The paper describes how this local dominant technological design emerged through the sharing of capabilities and interaction among the key market players, in the absence of a strong appropriability regime. All the main market pioneers were multinational affiliates, inviting questions concerning this technology diffusion outside Brazil.

Published
2009
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8. Solubility of Urea in ethanol-water mixtures and pure ethanol from 278.1K to 333.1K

Author

Noemy de Carvalho, Moilton Franco Jr, and Ricardo Malagoni

Subjects
urea, ethanol, gravimetric method, solubility, Science, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This paper deals with the solubility of urea in ethanol-water mixtures in mole fractions of ethanol between 0.0901 and 1.000 at temperatures ranging from 278.1 to 333.1K. The investigation of solubility contributes to research in many others fields of study in chemical engineering, since there are several studies where the solubility of urea and its behavior in solution influence the system. The experiment was carried out at constant temperature, stirring for 2h and then leaving the solution at rest for 2h. After collecting the data, the solubility of urea was calculated based on the gravimetric method. The experimental results obtained were correlated with the temperature of the solvents using three equations based on the literature. The three models demonstrated results in line with the experimental data. It was observed that adding ethanol to the water decreased urea solubility in all cases. The differences between the predicted and the experimental values were on average 4.7%.

Published
2016

9. MEDIA JUSTIFICATIONS: STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTALIZATION OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION THROUGH ADVERTISING

Author

WENDELL FICHER TEIXEIRA ASSIS

Subjects
Environmentalization of production, advertising discourse, environment conflicts, ethanol, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, GF1-900
Abstract

Abstract This article aims to elucidate the strategies used in media discourses to create a favorable social imaginary of ethanol manufacturing, as well as to promote the environmentalization of production. Based on the analysis of advertisements, we seek to demonstrate how the meanings of nature conservation, combatting global warming, protecting biodiversity and producing clean energy are used. In a scenario of increasing environmental concern these elements have gained visibility and importance for consumers, businesses, governments and legislators. This paper suggests that the industry has produced a chimerical image of ethanol production which associates itself to the idea of sustainability, while obscuring the existence of conflicts.

Published
2016
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10. Alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in never smokers

Author

José Antonio García-Lavandeira, Alberto Ruano-Ravina, and Juan Miguel Barros-Dios

Subjects
Ethanol, Lung neoplasms Never smokers, Review, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyse the role of alcohol consumption on lung cancer risk in people who have never smoked. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature following the PRISMA statement. We searched Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL using different combinations of MeSH terms and free text. We included cohort studies, pooled cohort studies and case-control studies comprising at least 25 anatomopathologically-confirmed diagnoses of lung cancer cases, a sample size larger than 100 individuals and more than five years of follow-up for cohort studies. We excluded studies that did not specifically report results for never smokers. We developed a quality score to assess the quality of the included papers and we ultimately included 14 investigations with a heterogeneous design and methodology. Results: Results for alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in never smokers are inconclusive; however, several studies showed a dose-response pattern for total alcohol consumption and for spirits. Heterogeneous results were found for wine and beer. Conclusion: No clear effect is observed for alcohol consumption. Due to the limited evidence, no conclusion can be drawn for beer or wine consumption. There is little research available on the effect of alcohol on lung cancer risk for people who have never smoked, and more studies are urgently needed on this topic.

Published
2016
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12. Używki w ciąży – alcohol = Stimulants in pregnancy – alcohol

Author

AGNIESZKA KONSTANCJA PAWŁOWSKA-MUC, CELINA ŁEPECKA-KLUSEK, ANNA PILEWSKA-KOZAK, and GRAŻYNA STADNICKA

Subjects
alkohol, ciąża, płód, zdrowie, ethanol, pregnancy, foetus, health., Education, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Medicine
Abstract

Pawłowska-Muc Agnieszka Konstancja, Łepecka-Klusek Celina, Pilewska-Kozak Anna Bogusława, Stadnicka Grażyna. Używki w ciąży – alcohol = Stimulants in pregnancy – alcohol. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):385-394. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI10.5281/zenodo.29606 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.29606 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A385-394 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/614390 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.07.2015. Revised 24.08.2015. Accepted: 24.08.2015. Używki w ciąży - alkohol Stimulants in pregnancy - alcohol Pawłowska-Muc Agnieszka Konstancja1, Łepecka-Klusek Celina2, Pilewska‑Kozak Anna Bogusława2, Stadnicka Grażyna3 [1] Ośrodek Kształcenia Podyplomowego Pielęgniarek i Położnych Radomski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. dr Tytusa Chałubińskiego w Radomiu, ul. Lekarska 4 2 Katedra i Klinika Ginekologii i Endokrynologii Ginekologicznej Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Al. Racławickie 23 3 Samodzielna Pracownia Umiejętności Położniczych Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, ul. Staszica 4/6 1 Postgraduate Training Centre for Nurses and Midwives, Dr Tytus Chałubiński Specialist Hospital in Radom, ul. Lekarska 4 2 Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, School of Health Studies, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 23 3 Independent Obstetric Skills Workshop, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Staszica 4/6 Adres do korespondencji: mgr piel. Agnieszka Konstancja Pawłowska-Muc Ośrodek Kształcenia Podyplomowego Pielęgniarek i Położnych Radomski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. dr Tytusa Chałubińskiego w Radomiu, ul. Lekarska 4 tel. 48 3615616; fax: 48 3615437 e-mail: agmich@vp.pl Używki w ciąży - alkohol Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Spożywanie alkoholu kobiety w wieku rozrodczym jest problemem wielu krajów świata. Stwarza ono duże zagrożenie dla ich zdrowia prokreacyjnego, prawidłowego przebiegu ciąży, zdrowia noworodka i dziecka w późniejszym okresie jego życia. Cel pracy. Celem pracy było ukazanie skali problemu oraz skutków spożywania alkoholu przez kobiety w okresie ciąży. Skrócony opis stanu wiedzy. Z przeglądu piśmiennictwa wynika, iż skala problemu jest trudna do oszacowania. Negatywnych skutków jest zdecydowanie więcej niż pozytywnych. Dotychczas nie określono jeszcze bezpiecznej dawki alkoholu dla ciężarnych, a kobiet spożywających napoje alkoholowe w tym czasie jest wciąż za duża. Świadomość konsekwencji takich zachowań nie zawsze idzie w parze z całkowitą rezygnacją z picia alkoholu podczas ciąży. Podsumowanie. Istnieje potrzeba większego niż dotychczas angażowania się pracowników medycznych (lekarzy położników i położnych) w działalność nie tylko informacyjną, lecz także edukacyjną i wspierającą. Słowa kluczowe: alkohol, ciąża, płód, zdrowie. Stimulants in pregnancy - alcohol Abstract Introduction. Alcohol consumption by women in the reproductive period is a current problem in many countries around the world. It poses a great threat to their reproductive health, the correct parturition, the health of the newborn and the child in the later part of its life. Aim. It was the aim of this work to present the scale of the problem as well as the results of women’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Brief description of the state of the art. The review of the bibliography indicates that the scale of the problem is hard to assess. Negative effects are much more prevalent than the positive ones. A safe unit dose for pregnant women has not yet been established and the number of women consuming alcohol during this period is still too high. The awareness of the consequences of such actions is not always accompanied by complete abstinence from alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Conclusion. This calls for a greater involvement than before on the part of the medical personnel (gynaecologists-obstetricians and midwifes) in the informative but also educational and supportive activities. Key words: ethanol, pregnancy, foetus, health.

Published
2015

13. Nietrzeźwość a ryzyko zgonu w wypadku komunikacyjnym = Insobriety and the risk of death in traffic accident

Author

Dorota Lasota, Anna Staniszewska, Bożena Tarchalska-Kryńska, Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel, and Paweł Krajewski

Subjects
uraz wielonarządowy, obrażenia wielonarządowe, alkohol etylowy, etanol, wypadek komunikacyjny, polytrauma, multi-organ damage, ethyl alcohol, ethanol, traffic accident., Education, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Medicine
Abstract

Lasota Dorota, Staniszewska Anna, Tarchalska-Kryńska Bożena, Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara, Krajewski Paweł. Nietrzeźwość a ryzyko zgonu w wypadku komunikacyjnym = Insobriety and the risk of death in traffic accident. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(6):419-432. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.18926 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%286%29%3A419-432 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/570520 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18926 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.04.2015. Revised 28.05.2015. Accepted: 24.06.2015. Nietrzeźwość a ryzyko zgonu w wypadku komunikacyjnym Insobriety and the risk of death in traffic accident Dorota Lasota1*, Anna Staniszewska1, Bożena Tarchalska-Kryńska1, Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel1, Paweł Krajewski2 1 Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego 2 Zakład Medycyny Sądowej Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego Autor do korespondencji: mgr Dorota Lasota Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej WUM Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warszawa e-mail: dorota.lasota@wum.edu.pl Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Wypadki komunikacyjne są istotnym problemem cywilizacyjnym, a także medycznym i społecznym. Ponadto są dominującą przyczyną urazów, których skutki mogą prowadzić do trwałego uszczerbku na zdrowiu, a nawet śmierci. Czynnikiem w sposób istotny wpływającym na wzrost ryzyka wypadków komunikacyjnych jest nietrzeźwość. Cel pracy. Analiza stanu trzeźwości i jej wpływu na śmiertelność ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych. Materiał i metoda. Dane uzyskano z Zakładu Medycyny Sądowej Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego. Analizą objęto dane z lat 2009-2013. Grupę badaną stanowiły ofiary wypadków komunikacyjnych. W analizie uwzględniono wiek, płeć, wyjściową przyczynę zgonu, wynik badania sekcyjnego oraz stężenie alkoholu etylowego w materiale biologicznym. Wyniki. Liczba ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych w badanym czasie miała tendencję malejącą. Najliczniejszą grupę ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych spośród wszystkich kategorii stanowili piesi. U nietrzeźwych pieszych, odnotowano istotnie wyższe stężenia alkoholu w porównaniu do innych nietrzeźwych ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych. W analizowanym materiale stwierdzono ponadto zależność między stężeniem alkoholu a wiekiem i płcią nietrzeźwych ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych. Wnioski. Nietrzeźwość uczestników ruchu drogowego to jeden z najistotniejszych czynników ryzyka wypadków komunikacyjnych ze skutkiem śmiertelnym. Wiele uwagi poświęca się nietrzeźwości kierowców, tymczasem równie istotnym problemem okazuje się być nietrzeźwość pieszych, na co wskazują wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy. Nie tylko więc nietrzeźwi kierowcy, ale również nietrzeźwi piesi stwarzają potencjalne ryzyko wypadku komunikacyjnego. Nietrzeźwość wydaje się być dużym problemem wśród mężczyzn, stanowiących znaczącą liczbę ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych. Słowa kluczowe: uraz wielonarządowy, obrażenia wielonarządowe, alkohol etylowy, etanol, wypadek komunikacyjny. Summary Introduction. Traffic accidents are one of the biggest problems of civilization. It also has a large medical and social problem. Traffic accidents are the dominant cause of injury, the effects of which can lead to permanent health damage and even death. Another factor significantly influencing the increased risk of traffic accidents is insobriety. Aim of the study. Analysis of sobriety and its impact on mortality of victims of traffic accidents. Material and methods. Data were obtained from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw. The analysis included data for the years 2009-2013. Group were subjected to analysis of traffic accident victims. The analysis included age, sex, initial cause of death, the result section, and the concentration of ethyl alcohol in biological material. Results. The number of victims of traffic accidents was considered short span downward trend. However, the largest group of victims of traffic accidents among all categories were pedestrians. It is in intoxicated pedestrians, reported significantly higher levels of alcohol compared to other intoxicated victims of traffic accidents. In the analyzed material it was also found between the concentration of alcohol dependence and the age of intoxicated victims of traffic accidents - the older the victim, the higher the alcohol concentration and a significantly higher concentration of alcohol in drunken intoxicated men than in women. Conclusions. Drunkenness road is one of the most important risk factors of traffic accidents with fatalities. We talk a lot about the intoxication of drivers, while equally important problem turns out to be drunken pedestrians, as shown by the results of the analysis. Thus, not only drunk drivers, but also intoxicated pedestrians pose a high risk of a traffic accident. Insobriety seems to be a big problem among men, accounting for a significant number of victims of traffic accidents. Key words: polytrauma, multi-organ damage, ethyl alcohol, ethanol, traffic accident.

Published
2015

15. Hidrogeles microestructurados de acrilamida y determinación de su capacidad de absorber agua y etanol

Author

Jorge Alberto Cortés Ortega

Subjects
acrylamide, ethanol, hydrogels, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This paper reports the synthesis of nanostructured hydrogels of acrylamide by a two-step polymerisation process. The first step is performed by inverse microemulsion polymerization (water-in-oil) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), with these particles then added to aqueous solutions of acrylamide (AM), adding a crosslinking agent. The polymerization reaction is then initiated, thereby producing nanostructured hydrogels. We determined the capacity to absorb water, water and / or ethanol when nanostructured hydrogels were immersed in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of ethanol. It was found that the hydrogels were selective in absorbing water in all cases increasing with the ethanol concentration of the solutions.

Published
2013
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16. O etanol e suas redes

Author

Bruna Ferreira Pereira, Bruna Nicodemos Sekimura, Carolina Foganholo Luengo, Danilo Basile Forlini, Fernanda Cristina Sartorelli, Eduardo Lopes Seino, Gisele Fernanda Alves Lopes, Jean Doniseti Bortolucci, Karine Rio Philippi, Lucas Lopes de Moraes, Luiz Frenando Costa de Andrade, Maira Gonçalves Lopes, Maria Clara dos Santos Ferreira, Maria Gabriela Guillen, Priscila Cristina do Nascimento, Rubia de Araújo Ramos, and Valdirene Ferreira Santos

Subjects
ethanol, echinical-scientific networks, rhizoma, total social fact, science, discourse, symmetry, Anthropology, GN1-890, Political science, Social Sciences
Abstract

This article is an attempt to understand the socio-technical and rhizomatic network of ethanol, which is seen, here, as a hybrid of nature and culture, made of scientific, technical and political decisions. In this way, it engenders other hybrids, mediating the relations of interests between social actors who participate in its network. We analyzed the expansion of its production through the principle of symmetry, considering the overlap between the social, political, economic and environmental instances manifest in this process. We seek to observe the different discourses on ethanol through academic papers, the media generally, and through discussions conducted by researchers who focus on the implications of production and consumption of this agrofuel. It was found that ethanol adds several relashionships of interests that may be conflicting or converging between institutions and social actors.

Published
2012

17. Dimethylhydrazine model is not appropriate for evaluating effect of ethanol on colorectal cancer El modelo de la dimetilhidrazina no sirve para evaluar el efecto del etanol sobre el cáncer colorrectal

Author

M. Perše and A. Cerar

Subjects
Etanol, Cáncer colorrectal, Dimetilhidrazina, Experimentación animal, Ethanol, Colorectal cancer, Dimethylhydrazine, Animal experimentation, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) rat model has been proven to be a valuable animal model of colorectal cancer. Because of its morphological similarity to human colorectal cancer, DMH rat model was used to produce information in histology and biochemistry of tumours development as well as on factors that retard or enhance tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, it has been shown that DMH model has limitations, which raise the question, whether experiments evaluating effect of ethanol on DMH model are ethically justified. In this paper authors summarize experimental results evaluating effect of ethanol consumption on DMH rat model with aim to prevent unnecessary duplication of animal experimentation or execution of ethically unjustified animal experiments in the future and to warn scientists that results from studies evaluating ethanol on DMH rat model can not be generalized to humans.Se ha observado que el modelo de la 1,2-dimetilhidrazina (DMH) en la rata es un valioso modelo animal de cáncer colorrectal. Debido a su parecido morfológico con el cáncer colorrectal humano, el modelo de la DMH en la rata se ha empleado para conseguir información acerca de la histología y la bioquímica del desarrollo tumoral, además de sobre los factores que retrasan o potencian la tumorigénesis. No obstante, se ha visto que el modelo de la DMH tiene sus limitaciones, lo que lleva a preguntarse si están justificados, desde el punto de vista ético, los experimentos que evalúan el efecto del etanol sobre este modelo. En este documento, los autores resumen los resultados experimentales que evalúan el efecto del consumo de etanol sobre el modelo de la DMH en la rata con el fin de evitar la duplicación innecesaria de la experimentación animal o la ejecución de experimentos con animales sin justificación ética en el futuro, además de avisar a los científicos de que los resultados obtenidos de los estudios que han evaluado el etanol con el modelo de la DMH en la rata no pueden extrapolarse a los seres humanos.

Published
2007

18. [Untitled]

Subjects
ALCOHOLISM, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ATERIOSCLEROSIS, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, CATALASE, ETHANOL, DIET, ATHEROGENIC, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, RABBITS, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

The paper was aimed at determining the existence of a protective effect of alcohol on atherosclerosis, evaluating the possible effects of chronic ingestion and moderate doses of ethanol on the oxidative stress parameters and exploring the interaction between the efects of a hypercholesterolemic diet and of ethanol on the oxidative stress variables. For this purpose, 22 rabbits were used distributed into 4 groups: treated with alcohol, treated with hypercholesterolemic diet, with alcohol and diet and a control group. The variables superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases (CAT) and malonil-dialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. The animals treated with diet showed values of SOD,CAT and MDA significantly higher than those of the rabbits treated with alcohol and the control group. The rabbits under diet and ethanol showed CAT and MDA values that exceeded those observed in rabbits treated only with diet. It was concluded that chronic alcohol consumption, though at moderate dose, disturbs the anti-oxidation system, so we can not state that it has a protective effect against atherosclerosis and that the consumption of a cholesterol-rich diet increases lipid peroxidation and enzymes SOD and CAT.

Published
2003

19. Fontes, reatividade e quantificação de metanol e etanol na atmosfera

Author

Pereira Pedro Afonso de Paula and Andrade Jailson B. de

Subjects
methanol, ethanol, atmospheric chemistry, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In the last two decades, the use of oxygenated fuels, like methanol and ethanol, pure or in mixture with gasoline, has been growing due to benefits introduced into the air quality. In Brasil, the fraction of light duty vehicles powered by pure hydrated ethanol is estimated at about 4 million, while the remaining vehicles actually utilize a mixture (22:78 v/v) of ethanol:gasoline. As a consequence, there's a need for the availability of methods that can provide the evaluation of possible impacts of alcohol emissions in the formation of chemical species in the atmosphere, as ozone, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and so on. In this paper, methanol and ethanol are discussed in their general aspects, as well as their atmospheric sources, chemical reactivity and available methods of analysis.

Published
1998

20. UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER FROM SUGAR CANE FILTER CAKE USING ETHANOL AS SOLVENT

Author

Inés María San Anastacio Rebollar, José Gerardo Baltá García, and Gretel Villanueva Ramos

Subjects
wax, unsaponificable matter, mud, saponification, lcsh:Special industries and trades, ethanol, lcsh:HD9000-9999
Abstract

In this paper, we propose a methodology for the obtaining of unsaponificable matter starting from the sugar cane filter cake, in the one that only ethanol 96 °GL is used as solvent. The wax is extracted of the mud with ethanol (with a purity of 96 ºGL) by means of a leaching out process using a mud/ethanol ratio of 0.05 kg/L to 70 ºC, atmospheric pressure, agitation speed of 700 rpm and extraction time of 2,5 hours. Under these conditions 86.21 % of extraction is obtained. Then, the obtained extract reacts with alcoholic NaOH to 70 ºC during 75 minutes to atmospheric pressure and shaking to 200 rpm. The employment of the proposed methodology allows to obtain 1.942 g of impure unsaponifiable matter starting from 50 g of mud and 1.05 L of ethanol 96 °GL.

Published
2016

21. Physicochemical characterization of a stillage resulting of alcohol production through the use of sugar cane in a liquor industry

Author

Carlos Esteban Aristizabal Alzate

Subjects
Ethanol, Etanol, lcsh:T, Vinaza, Phisico-Chemical Characterization, Caña de Azúcar, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:TA1-2040, Stillage, Residuos industriales, Sugar Cane, Vinasses, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Caracterización Físico-Química
Abstract

This paper aims to illustrate the results of the physico-chemical characterization of vinasses resulting of the alcohol production in a liquor industry through sugar cane. Important parameters are presented for determining the quality and evaluation of treatment options for this subproduct, such as the boiling point, density, among others, and parameters relevant to the issue of liquid discharges, under Colombian law, such as pH and titration curve. El presente artículo tiene como propósito ilustrar los resultados de la caracterización fisico-química de unas vinazas resultantes de la producción de etanol en una industria licorera, a partir del aprovechamiento de la caña de azúcar. Parámetros importantes son presentados para la determinación de la calidad y la evaluación de alternativas de tratamiento para este subproducto, como lo son la temperatura de ebullición, la densidad, entre otros, y parámetros de importancia para el tema de vertimientos líquidos, según la legislación colombiana, como lo son su pH y su curva de titulación.

Published
2015

22. Ethanol dehydration employing ionic liquids

Author

Acosta Cordero, Lidersi, Pérez Ones, Osney, and Zumalacárregui de Cárdenas, Lourdes

Subjects
deshidratación de etanol, destilación extractiva, ionic liquids, líquidos iónicos, etanol, Ethanol, azeótropo, ethanol dehydration, extractive distillation, azeotropic point
Abstract

El interés de los científicos por los líquidos iónicos ha ido creciendo en los últimos años, demostrado con el gran número de publicaciones y patentes sobre líquidos iónicos. Dadas las ventajas que presentan como disolventes alternativos a los disolventes moleculares, en la separación de las mezclas etanol-agua, en este trabajo se presentan las principales características, propiedades y aplicaciones de estos compuestos. Además se muestran los resultados obtenidos en la separación de las mezclas etanol-agua, con varios líquidos iónicos que han sido empleados. Finalmente se resaltan las principales ventajas que presentan los líquidos iónicos frente a los solventes convencionales, en la separación de la mezcla etanol-agua. The interest of scientists for ionic liquids has been growing up in recent years, which has been demonstrated by the large number of publications and patents on ionic liquids. Due to the advantages presented by them as an alternative to molecular solvents in the separation of ethanol-water mixtures, in this paper we present the main characteristics, properties and applications of these compounds. Furthermore, the results of the separation of the ethanol-water mixtures, with various ionic liquids used are displayed. Finally, the main advantages of ionic liquids compared to conventional solvents in the separation of the ethanol-water mixture are highlighted.

Published
2016

23. Consecuencias de la acción del calcio intracelular en la activación de la proteína Kinasa A y las consecuencias a nivel conductual de su manipulación

Author

Zelaya Romero, Jefreey, Universitat Jaume I. Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia, and González Aragón, Carlos Manuel

Subjects
Locomotor activity, Ethanol, Etanol, Conducta de ingesta, Ethanol intake, Calcio, NMDA, Grau en Psicologia, Bachelor's Degree in Psychology, AMPc, PKA, Calcium, Grado en Psicología, SNC, CNS, Reflejo de enderezamiento, Righting reflex
Abstract

Treball final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs acadèmic 2015-2016 El estresante estilo de vida de la sociedad actual junto con la mala concepción sobre las posibles consecuencias del consumo de alcohol podrían ser algunas de las causas de que actualmente el alcohol sea una de las drogas más consumidas a nivel mundial según la OMS. Sin embargo, a pesar de todos los avances de la neurociencia, el mecanismo exacto de cómo actúa el alcohol en el SNC nos es aún desconocido. El objetivo de este trabajo es tratar de plantear y dar pruebas a favor de una hipótesis sobre como podría actuar realmente el alcohol en el cerebro. El método de este trabajo consta del análisis de 4 estudios que muestran las manipulaciones de diferentes mediadores de calcio y AMPc-­‐PKA y las consecuencias de esas manipulaciones a nivel molecular, celular, neurobiológico y conductual. Por una parte los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que posiblemente, estos mediadores de calcio tengan una función muy importantes a la hora de explicar el mecanismo de acción del alcohol en el cerebro. Pero, no obstante, no son suficientes evidencias como para afirmar con completa claridad y certeza que este sea el mecanismo exacto de actuación del alcohol en el SNC. The stressfull way of life of our nowadays society in adition to the missconception of the potencial consequences from alcohol consum could be some of the reasons for why alcohol is the worldwide most consumed drug according to OMS. However, besides all the neuroscience developments, the true mechanism of alcohol functionament on the SNC has been not proved. The method of this paper consists of the analysis of 4 studies that show the manipulations of the different mediators of calcium and cAMP-­‐PKA and the consequences of these manipulations at a molecular, cellular, neurobiological and behavioural level. The results, in one hand, show that is possible that those mediators of calcium are important for understands the true mechanism of how alcohol works in the brain. However, there are no enough evidences to completely agree that this is the exact mechanism by which alcohol acts at a central level.

Published
2016

24. Psicobiología del alcohol: Función del calcio intracelular en la activación de la proteina Kinasa A y sus consecuencias conductuales de su manipulación

Author

Perini Neto, Garibaldi, Universitat Jaume I. Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia, and González Aragón, Carlos Manuel

Subjects
Ethanol Intake, Calcio, Ethanol, Retículo Endoplasmático, Etanol, Conducta de Ingesta, Reflejo de Enderezamiento, Actividad Locomotora, Calcium, Righting Reflex, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Locomotor Activity
Abstract

Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Cursacadèmic 2013-2014 Currently, alcohol is one of the most consumed drugs worldwide. However, despite all the advances in neuroscience, mechanism of action of alcohol at a central level is still unknown. The main objective of this work is proposing and testing a hypothesis about how alcohol works in the brain, based on the idea of its operation on intracellular calcium and different mediators of cAMP-PKA cascade. The method of this paper consists of the analysis of 4 studies that show the manipulations of the different mediators of calcium and cAMP-PKA and the consequences of these manipulations at a molecular, cellular, neurobiological and behavioural level. The results show that, possibly, these mediators of calcium are very important in explaining the mechanism of action of alcohol on the brain. However, it cannot be assumed the exact mechanism by which alcohol acts at a central level. Actualmente, el alcohol es una de las drogas más consumidas a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, a pesar de todos los avances de la neurociencia, el mecanismo de acción del alcohol a nivel central aún es desconocido. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es tratar de plantear y probar una hipótesis de cómo funciona el alcohol en el cerebro, partiendo de la idea de su funcionamiento sobre el calcio intracelular y diferentes mediadores de la cascada AMPc-PKA. El método de este trabajo consta del análisis de 4 estudios que muestran las manipulaciones de diferentes mediadores de calcio y AMPc-PKA y las consecuencias de esas manipulaciones a nivel molecular, celular, neurobiológico y conductual. Los resultados nos muestran que, posiblemente, estos mediadores de calcio sean muy importantes a la hora de explicar el mecanismo de acción del alcohol en el cerebro. Sin embargo, aún no se puede afirmar con certeza claridad el mecanismo exacto por el que el alcohol actúa a nivel central.

Published
2014

25. Another driver of the Brazilian fuel ethanol supply chain: the consumers' preferences

Author

Giuliana Isabella, Abraham Sin Oih Yu, Adriano Maniçoba da Silva, and Ana Lucia Pegetti

Subjects
Choice, Consumer behavior, Energy, Ethanol, Gasoline, Supply chain, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Abstract Many factors have been discussed in the literature as the causes for setbacks in the Brazilian ethanol supply chain, such as the low price of petroleum and the high price of sugar in the financial crisis in 2008. However, there is an important gap that was not explored yet, how do drivers choose to refuel their cars? Do the supply chain managers know their consumers? Based on that, this paper aims to demonstrate how the ethanol supply chain stakeholders perceive consumers' preferences and compare them to the factors that are taken into consideration by Brazilian flexible-fuel vehicles drivers when choosing types of fuel gasoline or ethanol. For that, we illustrated the case by using a sample of announcements collected from Brazilian news media featuring the supply chain managers' view and the survey taken by drivers to understand the consumer's actions. Our results indicate that there is a significant difference between the actual preferences of fuel consumers and the perceived consumers' preferences by the stakeholders. This disparity is probably the (or one of the) main cause of the second setback in the Brazilian supply chain (2009–2012). Based on these results we point out the strategic implications in managing this supply chain and also the role of public policy in improving the diffusion of ethanol in Brazil.

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26. CARACTERIZACIÓN AMBIENTAL DE LAS VINAZAS DE RESIDUOS DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR RESULTANTES DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ETANOL

Author

ZÚÑIGA CERÓN, VANESSA and GANDINI AYERBE, MARIO ANDRÉS

Subjects
etanol, agro-industrial waste, cogollos, COD, residuos agroindustriales, Vinazas, biocombustible, top cane, Stillage, BOD5, hojas, biofuel, leaves, ethanol, DBO5, DQO
Abstract

El siguiente artículo presenta los resultados de la caracterización ambiental de las vinazas resultantes de la producción de etanol de segunda generación a partir de dos fuentes: la primera, de substratos sintéticos producidos en el laboratorio que simulan las condiciones de los residuos de caña, y la segunda, a partir de los hidrolizados de residuos de caña de azúcar. Esto con el fin de identificar alternativas de tratamiento que disminuyan su impacto y potencial de contaminación. Se determinaron parámetros de importancia para la calidad de las mismas, como son Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno (DBO5), Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), sólidos en suspensión, nitratos, fosfatos, etc. los cuales arrojaron una menor carga contaminante al compararse con las resultantes de otros procesos cuya materia prima es diferente. Sin embargo, contienen altos valores de DBO5 y DQO, así como de nitratos, fosfatos y sólidos totales, que exceden la legislación colombiana para vertimientos de efluentes. This paper presents the results of the environmental characterization of the stillage from the production of second generation ethanol from two sources: the first is the synthetic substrate produced in the laboratory to simulate the conditions of cane waste, and the second comes hydrolyzed of sugar cane waste. This is to identify treatment alternatives to reduce their impact and its contamination potential. In the characterization of stillage were determined important parameters for the quality of them, such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), suspended solids, nitrates, ammonia, phosphates, etc. It was found that the stillage have a lower pollutant load when it is compared to other stillage from a process with a different raw material. However, they have high BOD5 and COD values, as well as, nitrates, phosphates and total solids which exceed the Colombian law for effluent discharges.

Published
2013

27. Nanostructured hydrogels of acrylamide and determining their ability to absorb water and ethanol

Author

Jorge Alberto Cortés Ortega

Subjects
Ethanol, Aqueous solution, General Chemistry, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Polymerization, Acrylamide, Polymer chemistry, Self-healing hydrogels, acrylamide, Microemulsion, ethanol, hydrogels
Abstract

This paper reports the synthesis of nanostructured hydrogels of acrylamide by a two-step polymerisation process. The first step is performed by inverse microemulsion polymerization (water-in-oil) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), with these particles then added to aqueous solutions of acrylamide (AM), adding a crosslinking agent. The polymerization reaction is then initiated, thereby producing nanostructured hydrogels. We determined the capacity to absorb water, water and / or ethanol when nanostructured hydrogels were immersed in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of ethanol. It was found that the hydrogels were selective in absorbing water in all cases increasing with the ethanol concentration of the solutions.

Published
2013

28. Distribución postmortem del acetato y etanol en cadáveres humanos tras el consumo de etanol y drogas de abuso

Author

Girela López, Eloy, Irigoyen Reyes, Pilar, Hernández Cueto, Claudio, Luna Del Castillo, Juan De Dios, Beltrán Aroca, Cristina, and Villanueva Cañadas, Enrique

Subjects
Drugs of abuse, Ethanol, Etanol, Drogas de abuso, Acetate, Ciencias forenses, Autopsia, Forensic science, Autopsy, Química postmortem, Post-mortem chemistry, Acetato
Abstract

Introducción: Este artículo evalúa el valor del acetato como marcador del consumo de etanol en muestras postmortem. Material y métodos: Se analizó la concentración y distribución de etanol y acetato en diversos fluidos (sangre periférica, humor vítreo, líquido pericárdico y orina) y tejidos (cerebro, pulmones, hígado y riñones) en 98 cadáveres procedentes de autopsias judiciales. Resultados: La presencia de etanol fue la variable más significativa en relación al aumento de los niveles de acetato en la mayoría de las muestras (p, Introduction: This paper assesses the value of acetate as a marker of ethanol consumption in post-mortem samples. Materials and methods: Ethanol and acetate concentration and distribution in several fluids (peripheral blood, vitreous humour, pericardial fluid and urine) and tissues (brain, lungs, liver and kidneys) were studied in 98 cadavers from routine medico-legal autopsies. Results: Presence of ethanol was the most significant variable related to the increase in acetate levels in most specimens (p

Published
2012

29. Development of clonal propagation techniques for domestication of Jatropha curcas L. in Misiones (Argentina)

Author

Niella, Fernando Omar, Rocha, Sandra Patricia, Eibl, Beatriz Irene, Radins, Marcos, Flor, Daniel, Facio, Soledad, Velazco, Santiago, and Britez, Dario

Subjects
Biocombustibles, Tissue culture, Ethanol, Etanol, Biofuels, Plant growth regulators, Rooting cuttings, Cultivo de tejidos, Enraizamiento de estacas, Reguladores de crecimiento
Abstract

Fil: Niella, Fernando Omar. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Rocha, Sandra Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Eibl, Beatriz Irene. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Radins, Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Flor, Daniel. Alto Paraná. S.A.; Argentina. Fil: Facio, Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil: Velazco, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Britez, Darío. Forestal Bosques del Plata. S.A.; Argentina. El presente trabajo busca optimizar las técnicas de cultivo in vitro y enraizamiento de estacas para la propagación vegetativa de Jatropha curcas L. La clonación de variedades locales de esta especie permitirá establecer las bases para un programa de domesticación de Jatropha curcas L en la provincia de Misiones. Utilizando las técnicas generales de cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales, se observó que los medios inductivos estudiados afectaron en forma significativa la formación de tejido organogénico; obteniéndose la mayor frecuencia de inducción en explantos cultivados en el medios nutritivos básico de MS (MURASHIGE y SKOOG, 1962) suplementado con BAP (6-Benzilaminopurina), KIN (Kinetina) o TDZ (Thidiazuron) en combinación con AIB (Acido Índole Butírico). No existieron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes medios nutritivos utilizados en el proceso de diferenciación, pudiendo utilizarse tanto MS, MS ½ o MS + CA con una alta tasa de diferenciación. El enraizamiento de estacas apicales obtenidas de plantas madres juveniles y adultas, cuyas bases fueron tratadas con solución de etanol al 70%, por 10 segundos sin AIB (TC1), presentaron, respectivamente, un 75 y 45 % de enraizamiento, significativamente mayor a las estacas tratadas con AIB. Sin embargo, cuando las estacas de posición apical recibieron el tratamiento control con agua (TC2), demostraron diferencias significativas entre las estacas juveniles y adultas. El mayor porcentaje de enraizamiento se obtuvo en estacas de posición apical, juveniles, que recibieron tratamiento control con agua (TC2) (75±15%). In this paper we studied in vitro and ex vitro culture techniques for Jatropha curcas L vegetative propagation. Cloning of local varieties of this species will establish the basis for a domestication program of Jatropha curcas L in the province of Misiones. Using in vitro tissue culture techniques, it was obtained organogenic tissue induction in different explants grown on MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with BAP, TDZ KIN or in combination with AIB. Significant differences between nutrient media studied in the differentiation process were not observed, being able to be used MS, MS ½ or MS + CA with a high rate of differentiation. The rooting of apical sections obtained, from juvenile and adult stock plants, whose bases were treated with a solution of 70% ethanol for 10 seconds without IBA (TC1) showed, respectively, 75 and 45% rooting, significantly higher than the cuttings treated with IBA. Nevertheless, when the apical section cuttings received the treatment control with water (TC2), they showed significant differences between young and adult cuttings. A significantly higher rooting percentage was obtained when juvenile apical cuttings were used with no hormone application (TC2) (75±15%).

Published
2012

30. Viabilidade econômica e mecânica para conversão de motor de combustão interna, a sistemas de combustível flex

Author

Mosquera Artamonov, José Daniel, Ortiz Gil, Christian David, Fernández Henao, Sergio Augusto, and Mosquera Mosquera, Julio César

Subjects
gasoline, Gasolina, combustion systems, Etanol, emisiones de CO2, sistemas de combustión, CO2 emissions, as emissões de CO2, economic feasibility, natural vehicular gas, a viabilidade económica, etanol, gas natural vehicular, flexible systems, sistemas flexibles, ethanol, viabilidad económica, sistemas Flexíveis, sistemas de combustão, Gás Natural Veículo
Abstract

Introducción. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigación desarrollada en las ciudades de Pereira y Dosquebradas del departamento de Risaralda, acerca de la viabilidad mecánica y económica de la conversión de motores de combustión interna a sistemas flex fuel. Para el estudio, se seleccionó la población taxista de la región, dado el alto consumo de combustibles fósiles requeridos para un día laboral. Objetivo. Determinar la viabilidad mecánica y económica de la conversión de los motores de combustión interna en los taxis de las ciudades de Pereira y Dosquebradas, a sistemas flex fuel. Materiales y métodos. Para tener estimativos confiables, como se empleó un muestreo sistemático en doce sitios determinados de las ciudades estudiadas, en los cuales se contaba con más de 10 taxis estacionados. En estos lugares se aplicó una encuesta cada 5 taxis hasta completar una muestra de 348 taxistas encuestados. Resultados. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que, aunque la conversión es mecánicamente viable para mezclas no superiores a la E-85 y adicionalmente presenta una mejora sustancial en el control de las emisiones contaminantes de la atmósfera, tal conversión no es económicamente viable en Colombia bajo las condiciones predominantes de mercado. Conclusión. Aunque la investigación fue desarrollada en dos municipios del Eje Cafetero se puede concluir con una confiabilidad del 95% que para los demás municipios de Colombia los resultados serán iguales, presentando una inviabilidad económica para la conversión a motores flexibles en todo el país. Introduction. This paper introduces the results of a research work made in Pereira and Dosquebradas, in the Risaralda province, about the economic and mechanic feasibility of the conversion of internal combustion engines to flex fuel systems. For the study, a sample of taxi drivers was chosen in the region, given the high consumption of fossil fuel they require for every day of work. Objective. To determine the economic and mechanic feasibility of converting the internal combustion engines taxis in Pereira and Dosquebradas have, to flex fuel systems. Materials and methods. In order to have reliable estimated data, in the cities mentioned, a systematic sampling model in twelve specific places with more than 10 taxis parked was used. 5 taxis were surveyed in each place, completing a 348 taxi drivers surveyed. Results. Results demonstrate that, even though conversion is feasible under mechanic terms for mixtures below E-85, and also brings a significant increase in the control of pollutant emissions to the atmosphere, it is not economically feasible in Colombia, given the current market conditions. Conclusion. Even though the research work was made in two cities in the Colombian coffee crops zone, it can be concluded, with a 95% of reliability that results in any other Colombian town will be the same, demonstrating an economic unfeasibility to convert engines to flexible systems countrywide. Introdução. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisas realizadas nas cidades de Pereira e Risaralda Dos-quebradas departamento, sobre a viabilidade mecânica e econômica de converter motores de combustão interna flexível sistemas de combustível Objetivo. Determinar a viabilidade mecânica e econômica de converter motores de combustão interna em táxis nas cidades de Pereira e sistemas de combustível Dosquebradas flex. Metodologia. Para estimativas confáveis, a amostragem sistemática foi utilizada em doze locais selecionados das cidades estudadas, em que havia mais de 10 táxis estacionados. Estes sites foram pesquisados a cada 5 táxis para completar uma amostra de 348 motoristas pesquisados. Resultados. Em estudo mostra que, embora a conversão é mecanicamente viável para misturas sobre a E-85 e, adicionalmente, fornece uma melhoria substancial no controle de emissões da atmosfera, essa conversão não é economicamente viável na Colômbia sob condições de mercado prevalecentes. Conclusões. Embora a pesquisa foi realizada em dois municípios do café pode terminar com uma confiabilidade de 95% para todos os outros municípios na Colômbia, os resultados são os mesmos, mostrando uma falta de viabilidade econômica para a conversão de motores flexíveis em todo o país.

Published
2011

31. Perspectivas generales del efecto del reúso de aguas residuales para riego en cultivos para la producción de biocombustibles en Colombia

Author

Ramírez Duque, José Luis and Lasso, Julian

Subjects
Ethanol, Etanol, Production, Aguas residuales como fertilizante, Reuse, Producción, Water in agriculture, Reúso aguas residuales, Riego, Biofuels, Agua en agricultura, Sewage as fertilizer, Biodiesel, Irrigation
Abstract

En los últimos años, la producción de etanol y biodiesel ha crecido en Colombia de manera directamente proporcional al aumento del área de cultivos de caña de azúcar y palma de aceite. Este crecimiento se ha expandido a varios departamentos localizados a lo largo y ancho del territorio nacional, lo cual ha generado una mayor demanda hídrica y por tanto una amenaza a la disponibilidad de este recurso en los próximos años. Debido a que estos departamentos tienden a tener poca disponibilidad de agua a causa de periodos de sequía prolongados, a la desforestación en las partes altas de las cuencas hidrográficas y a los efectos del cambio climático mundial, es necesario implementar estrategias que permitan mantener una oferta hídrica suficiente para suplir las necesidades poblacionales y agrícolas principalmente. Dado que estos cultivos no son de consumo humano directo y que una parte se destina al sector energético, hay entonces un alto potencial de reúso de aguas residuales para actividades de riego lo cual evita el vertimiento de estas en cuerpos de agua dulce. Esta práctica se ha empleado en países desarrollados y en vía de desarrollo como estrategia de manejo integral de sus recursos hídricos con soluciones concretas y sostenibles a largo plazo. Este trabajo es una aproximación desde una perspectiva ambiental, hidroclimatológica y normativa para determinar el potencial de rehúso de aguas residuales para el riego de estos cultivos en Colombia, lo cual se encontró viable ya que las condiciones climáticas hacen que las aguas residuales sean vistas como un recurso que genera beneficios agronómicos y cuyos impactos ambientales son controlables si se lleva a cabo una adecuada gestión ambiental In last years, the ethanol and biodiesel production in Colombia has increased directly with the oil palm and sugar cane cultures in departments located all over the national territory, generating a higher water demand and, therefore, projecting a threat of this resource availability in the next few year. Due this departments are vulnerable to having low water availability due to prolonged periods of drought, upper watershed deforestation and effect of global climate change, it is necessary to implement strategies to maintain an enough water supply for the population and agriculture needs. Because these crops are not direct human consumption and some of them are destined to the energy sector, a high potential of wastewater reuse for irrigation are contemplating, avoid them dumping in freshwater bodies. This practice has been used in countries as a planning strategy an integrated management of water resources, getting specific and sustainable solutions to long term. This paper made an approach from an environmental, hydro-climatologically and normative perspective for determining the wastewater reuse potential in the irrigation of these cultures in Colombia, which was found viable because climatic conditions, to encourage waste water to be seen as a resource, generate estimated agronomic benefits and enviromental impacts will be controllable if it’s handling environmental management properly

Published
2011

32. Fermentación alcohólica de jugo de fique con Candida lusitaniae

Author

Gutiérrez Contreras, Ángela M., Torres Taborda, Mabel M., Ramírez Carmona, Margarita E., Vélez Salazar, Yesid, Cardona Aristizábal, Mónica, and Vasco Echeverri, Oscar H.

Subjects
Ethanol, Etanol, Fermentation, Fermentación, Levadura, Yeast, Fique
Abstract

8 p. Se evaluó la capacidad para la producción de etanol de Candida lusitaniae en un subproducto agroindustrial como el jugo de fique. Se realizaron fermentaciones en cuatro medios de cultivo con jugo de fique como base, para comparar el comportamiento de dicha levadura con el de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. La mayor cantidad de etanol para Candida lusitaniae se obtuvo en el jugo de fique filtrado con sales y fue de 33.73 g/L. Para el crecimiento microbiano, el periodo de inactividad metabólica fue 76% mayor para S.cerevisiae, mientras que la tasa de producción de CO2 y la máxima producción del mismo fueron mayores para C.lusitaniae en un 66% y 68% respectivamente. In this paper the ability of Candida lusitaniae for ethanol production from an agroindustrial sub-product as the Fique’s juice was evaluated. Fermentations were carried out in four culture media with Fique’s juice as a basis, in order to compare the behavior of the yeast already mentioned and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The major production of ethanol for Candida lusitaniae was found in the Fique’s juice filtered with salts, reaching a production of 33.73 g / L. For microbial growth, the period of metabolic inactivity was found 76% higher for S. cerevisiae, while the rate of CO2 production and its maximum production in C.lusitaniae fermentations were higher by 66% and 68%, respectively. Medellín

Published
2011

33. Análisis energético y exergético del proceso de obtención de etanol a partir de la fruta del banano

Author

Velásquez, Héctor Iván, Ruiz, Angela Adriana, and de Oliveira Junior, Silvio

Subjects
banano, banana, etanol, valor energético neto análisis exergético, net energy, síntesis de procesos, Hydrolysis, Hidrólisis, ethanol, exergy analysis, synthesis process
Abstract

Una alternativa para la producción de etanol, consiste en el aprovechamiento de residuos vegetales, como los excedentes de la producción de banano, que en Colombia alcanzan 2.400.000 t/año entre: banano de rechazo y material lignocelulósico. En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento energético y exergético al escalar el proceso desarrollado a nivel de laboratorio a una planta de producción que utilice el banano para la producción de etanol, involucrando: cultivo y transporte del material vegetal, hidrólisis del banano, fermentación de los azúcares, destilación del etanol y planta de utilidades. Adicionalmente, se obtiene indicadores en base energética y exergética para evaluar el proceso. Los resultados de la evaluación muestran que el proceso de obtención de etanol a partir de la fruta del banano presenta un balance energético positivo pero se podrían realizar algunas modificaciones buscando aumentar la eficiencia exergética del proceso. An alternative for ethanol production, is the use of vegetable waste, such as excess of banana production, that are evaluated in 2,400,000 t/year, which includes: residual banana fruit and lignocellulosic material. This paper analyzes the energetic and exergetic behavior to carry the process developed at laboratory scale to a plant processing of banana for the ethanol production, involving: growing and transport of the vegetable material, hydrolysis of banana fruit, sugar fermentation, ethanol distillation and utility plant. Finally, energy and exergy indicators are obtained. The results show a positive energy balance when banana fruit is used for ethanol production, but some process modification must be done looking for improving the exergetic efficiency in ethanol production.

Published
2010

34. Simplificaciones en el Cálculo de Columnas de Destilación Alcohólica

Author

Pérez, Osney, Zumalacárregui, Lourdes, and Gozá, Osvaldo

Subjects
destilación alcohólica, etanol, vino, simulación, columnas, columns, ethanol, wine, alcoholic distillation, simulation
Abstract

Se analiza el efecto de algunas simplificaciones en cálculos de columnas de destilación alcohólica, tales como considerar solo etanol y agua en las corrientes involucradas en el proceso y suponer que las pérdidas de calor al medio ambiente son despreciables. Se discute el efecto de la reducción de la cantidad de componentes en el vino, sobre la entalpia de las corrientes de la columna, desde un sistema de nueve componentes hasta el sistema binario etanol+agua. Se utilizan tres modelos de evaluación de propiedades demostrando que los resultados no se afectan de manera sensible. Se estimaron las pérdidas de calor al medio ambiente por convección y radiación, tanto en una columna rectificadora como en una repasadora, aisladas térmicamente y sin aislamiento. Se demuestra la validez de las consideraciones utilizando el simulador de procesos HYSYS. The effect of certain simplifications in calculations of alcoholic distillation columns, such as to consider ethanol and water as the only components and to neglect heat losses is analyzed. The effect of reducing the number of components in the wine, from nine to the binary ethanol+water, over the enthalpy of the streams is discussed. The analysis was done from a nine components solution to the binary system ethanol-water. Three models for estimating the required properties were used showing that results are not significantly affected. The effects of heat losses by convection and radiation were estimated on both rectifying and purifying columns for insulated and non insulated cases were evaluated. The paper shows that the simplifications introduced to the HYSYS simulator are correct.

Published
2010

35. Desarrollo de un método de CLAR-IR para la determinación de etanol residual en vacuna Development of a HPLC-IR method for determination of residual ethanol in vaccine

Author

Matilde Cuevas Valdespino, Yanet Támbara Hernández, M. Ileana Delgado Arrieta, Aida Yaima Merchán Milia, Mirtha Castiñeira Díaz, and Jenny Márquez Rodríguez

Subjects
lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Ethanol, Etanol, impureza, gas-chromatography, high performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC), cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR), impurity, lcsh:RM1-950, cromatografía gaseosa
Abstract

Los ingredientes farmacéuticos activos de la vacuna antimeningocócica cubana VA-MENGOC-BC TM (vesículas de membrana externa purificadas de Neisseria meningitidis, serogrupo B y polisacárido capsular purificado de Neisseria meningitidis, serogrupo C) son conservados en etanol, de ahí que dicha vacuna posea un contenido de etanol residual, cuya concentración real no se conocía hasta el momento. Las regulaciones internacionales plantean que los productos biofarmacéuticos y sus ingredientes farmacéuticos activos deben tener bien caracterizadas todas sus impurezas, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue el desarrollo de un método de determinación de etanol mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución-índice de refracción para estos fines y su comparación con un método utilizado frecuentemente para cuantificar este solvente, como es la cromatografía gaseosa. El método evaluado resultó ser útil y con una buena robustez para la determinación de este solvente orgánico en esta vacuna antimenigocócica. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados obtenidos al evaluar las mismas muestras de vacuna mediante ambos métodos cromatográficos (cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y cromatografía gaseosa), lo que indica la posibilidad del uso de la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución en sustitución de la cromatografía gaseosa para esta determinación.Active pharmaceutical ingredients of Cuban anti-meningococcal vaccine VA-MENGOC-BC TM (vesicles of purified external membranes of Neisseria meningitidis, B serum-group, and purified capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis, serum-group C) are stored in ethanol, thus that such vaccine has residual ethanol content, of which real concentration is not known just now. International regulations propose that the biopharmaceutical products and its active pharmaceutical ingredients must to have well defined all impurities, thus, the aim of present papers was to develop an ethanol assessment method by liquid high performance-refraction index chromatography to these aims and its comparison with a frequent used method to quantify this solvent, like in the case of gas chromatography. Method assessed was very useful and with a good robustness for determination of this organic solvent in this anti-meningococcal vaccine. There were not statistically significant differences among results obtained with assessment of the same samples of vaccine by both chromatographic methods (high resolution liquid and gas), indicating possibility of high performance liquid chromatography use in substitution of the gas one for this determination.

Published
2009

36. APLICACIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA PINCH LA INTEGRACIÓN TÉRMICA Y DE PROCESO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ETANOL DE lPOMOEA BATATAS (CAMOTE)

Author

Erazo E., Raymundo, Woolcott H., Juan, Guerrero A., Marco, Gómez H., L. A., and Díaz P., J. I.

Subjects
etanol, alcohol, Fermentation, Fermentación, ethanol, camote
Abstract

This paper aims to develop the thermal process integration and PINCH applying technology to the production of ethanol from sweet potato variety INIA 306 Huambachero. The first part is presented, process technology, which consisted of a first tase hydrolysis of starch. a brewing malt enzymes obtained in a maximum time of 20 minutes, followed by fermentation with yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. providing a yield of 85 to 95 liters of ethanol per ton of sweet potato and representing about economic benefit of up to 25% reduction in production costs of ethanol per liter compared with conventional alcohol as raw sugar cane molasses., El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad desarrollar la integración térmica y de proceso aplicando la tecnología PINCH a la producción de etanol a partir de camote variedad INIA 306 Huambachero. Se presenta la primera parte, la tecnología del proceso, que consistió en una primera tase de hidrólisis de almidón con. enzimas de una malta cervecera obteniéndose en un tiempo máximo de 20 minutos, seguido de la fermentación con levadura saccharomyces cerevisiae. obteniéndose un rendimiento de 85 a 95 litros de etanol por tonelada de camote y que representa aproximadamente un beneficio económico de hasta un 25 % en reducción de costos de producción de etanol por litro comparado con alcohol de materia prima convencional como melaza de caña de azúcar.

Published
2006

37. Realidades del biocombustible

Author

Rodríguez Lattuada, Sylian Joy and Centro de Estudios Ambientales

Subjects
Aldehydes, Ethanol, Etanol, Organic nitrates, Biocombustible, Hidrocarburos, Air pollution, Human health, Biodiésel, Nitratos orgánicos, Hydrocarbons, Aldehídos, Biofuel, Biodiesel, Carbon monoxide, Contaminación del aire, Monóxido de carbono, Salud humana
Abstract

Con la introducción al mercado colombiano del etanol, aditivo oxigenante de la gasolina, con el objetivo de empezar la sustitución de los combustibles de origen fósil, se ha abierto una amplia discusión acerca de las verdaderas bondades de dicho compuesto. En este artículo se presenta el origen, el uso de los biocombustibles en el mundo y su introducción reciente en Colombia; se exponen también diversas consideraciones sobre el ambiente y la salud humana, así como nuestra realidad ambiental, que llevan a hacer un verdadero balance del uso del etanol como "biocombustible"., The introduction into the Colombian market of ethanol, an oxygenant fuel aditive, with the purpose of starting the substitution of fossil fuels, has opened a broad discussion about the true goodnesses of the compound. The origin, tue use of biofuel worldwide and its recent introduction in Colombia are presented in this paper, and several considerations concerning the environment the human health and our specific enviromental reality are also discussed, so that balance of the use of ethanol as a "biofuel" can be interred.

Published
2006