Search

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequent cancer worldwide. Although its incidence is increasing, mainly in those aged under50, mortality has decreased by 50% in the more developed countries, principally due to the adoption of new practices in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In particular, the various diagnostic imaging modalities allow improved therapeutic decision-making, evaluation of the response and early detection of recurrence. The aim of this paper is to review the available scientific evidence on the value of positron emission tomography with 18 F-FDG ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) in the colorectal cancer, with special emphasis on the indications of the guidelines and recommendations of the main international scientific associations regarding this imaging technique., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC) has recently been established as the treatment of choice for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin. Until recently, the simultaneous presence of peritoneal and hepatic dissemination has been considered a contraindication for surgery. The aim of this paper is to analyze the morbidity, mortality and survival of patients with simultaneous peritoneal and hepatic resection with HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to colon cancer., Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2015, 61 patients were operated on, 16 had simultaneous peritoneal and hepatic dissemination (group RH+), and 45 presented only peritoneal dissemination (group RH-)., Results: There were no differences between the groups in terms of demographic data, length of surgery and extension of peritoneal disease. Postoperative grade III-V complications were significantly higher in the RH+ group (56.3 vs. 26.6%; P=.032). For the whole group, mortality rate was 3.2% (two patients in group RH-, and none in group RH+). Patients with liver resection had a longer postoperative stay (14.4 vs. 23.1 days) (P=.027). Median overall survival was 33 months for RH-, and 36 for RH+ group. Median disease-free survival was 16 months for RH-, and 24 months for RH+ group., Conclusions: Simultaneous peritoneal cytoreduction and hepatic resection resulted in a significantly higher Clavien grade III-V morbidity and a longer hospital stay, although the results are similar to other major abdominal interventions. The application of multimodal oncological and surgical treatment may obtain similar long-term survival results in both groups., (Copyright © 2017 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

In our earlier paper we found that esophageal cancer was the most frequent localization among all the digestive tract cancers. Furthermore, in four departments belonging to our province we also observed a colon-esophagus relationship of virtually 1 to 1. In this study we aimed to: 1) estimate the prevalence of esophagus and stomach tumors: a) in the Endoscopy Department, b) in all the hospital, comparing it with colon cancer and, c) as causes of death in our region of influence, in relation to all the neoplastic pathologies. 2) analyze the histological lineage and the anatomical location, according to sex, age and origin. We evaluated: 3,396 upper digestive tract endoscopies, the diagnoses of digestive tract cancer from the Histopathology Service, the discharges from hospital as the result of digestive tract cancer from the General Archives, all of them from Cullen Hospital, and death register of the province of Santa Fe accounting for digestive tract cancer. A descriptive analysis was carried out and spreadsheet from the Open Office 2.2 version and SPSS 10.0 version were used. We observed that esophageal cancer is still very frequent in the Endoscopy Department and in the Histopathology Service but not in the diagnoses at discharge from hospital. It shares similar epidemiological features to the ones observed in the international literature. The reduction of the relationship between colon and esophageal cancer in the global mortality rate of the country turns out to be surprising. In three departments situated on the north of the province it was observed a colon-esophagus cancer relationship of 1:1.

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) induced ulcerations in the gastrointestinal tract are possibly associated with the reduction in prostaglandin (PGs) synthesis due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase. On the other hand, it has been shown that 5-lipooxygenase products (5-LO) are ulcerogenic agents. In some cases, the utilization of NSAIDS stimulates 5-LO pathway to an excess of arachidonic acid because of cyclooxygenase inhibition. In these cases, the damage produced by NSAIDS is greater, since not only the cytoprotective PGs decrease but also the products of 5-LO are increased. The object of the present paper was to study the effects of lysine clonixinate (LC) and indomethacin (INDO) on PGs and 5-HETE synthesis. The concentrations used of LC (4 and 6 micrograms/ml) and INDO (0.035 micrograms/ml and 0.35 micrograms/ml) correspond to the plasmatic values reached with oral therapeutic doses for both drugs. The results show that in no case did LC reduce the production of PGE2. On the contrary INDO inhibited significantly the synthesis of PGe2. It is interesting to mention that LC 4 and 6 micrograms/ml inhibited drastically the production of 5-HETE. Only with the higher concentration of INDO did we observe a similar effect. These results may indicate an inhibitory action on 5-LO, the first enzyme in the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid in the production of HETEs and LTS. We conclude that LC in therapeutic doses has a mechanism of action different from the classical NSAIDS. The data obtained in this study could explain the low incidence in gastrointestinal lesions with LC.

Augmentation and substitution erocystoplastias are currently widely accepted techniques for the treatment of several benign and malignant diseases. Appearance of neoplasia on the various gut segments used after a latency period ranging from 5 to 25 years following initial surgery has been described. The paper presents one case of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma initially located in the region of ureteral reimplantation, in a patient with augmentation cecocystoplastia performed as a result of vesical retraction secondary to genitourinary tuberculosis. Appearance of this type of neoplasia in an increasing population, quite often young, compels the urologist to keep a tight watch. Endoscopic monitoring of the new bladder is the most effective diagnostic procedure. A once-a-year endoscopy after an interval as yet not definitely established, but which could be around 10 years after initial enterocystoplastia, seems advisable at least in cases at higher risk.

It has been reported that exceptional association exists between primary colon cancer and hypernephroma. In this paper we are reporting a case of a male patient carrying an hypernephroma synchronous with a proximal colonic adenocarcinoma in addition to a second adenocarcinoma, growing on a tubular adenoma, nearly of first. These findings get seen as partially coincidental with some features of the cancer family syndrome (Lynch syndrome II), and we have considered that genetics conditions, like those of Lynch syndrome II, could to explain some multiple neoplasms in patients carrying then.

The age of monoclonal antibodies arose with the papers by Köhler and Milstein in 1975. By means of a fusion between a neoplastic cell with one which produced a specific antibody they obtained a hybrid or clonal cell. Five years later, Nadler et al issued the first report of a patient with lymphoma treated with monoclonal antibodies. After the first announcement, diverse research centers have reported the clinical results obtained in various neoplasias treated with radioactive monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens associated with neoplasias, as well as non-specific tumoral antigens, including lymphomas, melanomas and cancers of the colon, ovary and breast.

The endoscopic treatment of early gastrointestinal neoplasms usually involves the resection of the superficial layers, mucosa and submucosa, of the wall. However, in some circumstances, a full-thickness resection may be necessary. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) may be an adequate approach in challenging lesions such as adenomas or early cancers with severe submucosal fibrosis or small sub-epithelial lesions in the lower GI tract. Furthermore, this novel technique has the potential to spare surgical therapy in a subset of cases. In this paper, we describe our results with the full-thickness resection device (FTRD) in three different situations.