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Urolitini so metaboliti elagitaninov, kateri nastanejo s pomočjo črevesnih bakterij. Veliko pozornosti so pritegnili zaradi potencialnih antioksidativnih, protivnetnih, protirakavih učinkov in delovanja proti nevrodegenerativnim boleznim. Poteka še veliko raziskav o samih spojinah in njihovih zdravilnih učinkih. Pomemben je tudi razvoj metod, s katerimi se lahko urolitine določa v različnih bioloških vzorcih. V tej nalogi sem se osredotočila na kvalitativno in kvantitativno določitev urolitina A v vzorcih prašičjega blata. Tovrstni vzorci so najlažje dostopni in lahko povedo veliko o metabolizmu. Razvita je bila metoda za pripravo vzorca in analizo na sistemu revezno fazne tekočinske kromatografije visoke ločljivosti z UV-Vis detekcijo. Preizkušenih je bilo več načinov in topil za ekstrakcijo vzorca. Razvita je bila ekstrakcija tekoče-tekoče z raztopino vzorca in etil acetatom, s katero se vzorec skoncentrira, vendar je pri postopku veliko izgub. Za najbolj optimalno se je izkazala enofazna ekstrakcija z mešanico topil metanola in vode v razmerju 80:20 z dodatkom kisline. Vzorci blata so kompleksni in opažena je bila velika raznolikost v vsebnosti motečih komponent, ki so v nekaterih primerih vplivali na določevanje urolitina A v vzorcu. Najboljša ločba je bila dosežena s stacionarno fazo z vezanimi fenil-heksil skupinami in gradientnim profilom mobilnih faz 0,1 % raztopine H3PO4 v vodi ter acetonitrila. Uporabljena optimalna valovna dolžina je bila 240 nm. Določena je bila linearnost, ponovljivost metode, LOD, LOQ in vpliv matrice. Metoda je primerna za kvalitativno določevanje, kvantitativno določevanje pa je v določenih primerih moteno zaradi prisotnost motečih komponent. Preizkušena je bila topnost urolitina A v topilih metanol, mešanici metanola in vode v razmerju 80:20, vodi in etil acetatu. Najbolj topen je v metanolu s topnostjo 0,737 g/L in najslabše v vodi s topnostjo 0,170 g/L. Preverjena je bila stabilnost urolitina A v topilih DMSO, metanolu in mešanici metanola in vode v razmerju 80:20 pri koncentracijah osnovne in delovne raztopine ter pri različnih pogojih: v zamrzovalniku pri -20 °C, v hladilniku pri 4 °C, v temi pri sobni temperaturi in na svetlobi pri sobni temperaturi. Stabilnost je upadala le v primeru raztopine, ki je bila izpostavljena svetlobi v topilu DMSO. Urolithins are metabolites of ellagitannins produced by intestinal bacteria. They have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects and their action against neurodegenerative diseases. There is still a lot of research going on about the compounds themselves and their health effects. The development of a method by which urolithin can be determined in various biological samples is also important. In this master thesis, I focused on the qualitative and quantitative determination of urolithin A in pig feces samples. These types of samples are the most easily accessible and can tell a lot about the metabolome. A method for sample preparation and analysis on a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system with UV-Vis detection was developed. Several methods and solvents to extract the sample were tested. A liquid-liquid extraction with a solution of the sample and ethyl acetate has been developed to concentrate the sample, but there are many losses in the process. Single-phase extraction with a solvent mixture of methanol and water in a ratio of 80:20 with the addition of acid proved to be the optimal. Stool samples are so complex and a great diversity in the content of disturbing components was observed, which in some cases affected the determination of urolithin A in the sample. The best separation was achieved with a stationary phase with attached phenyl-hexyl groups and a mobile phase gradient profile of 0.1 % solution of H3PO4 in water and acetonitrile. The optimal wavelength used was 240 nm. Linearity, method reproducibility, LOD, LOQ and matrix effect were determined. The method is suitable for qualitative determination, but quantitative determination is disturbed in certain cases due to the presence of interfering components. The solubility of urolithin A was tested in the solvent methanol, an 80:20 mixture of methanol and water, water and ethyl acetate. It is best soluble in methanol with a solubility of 0.737 g/L and the worst in water with a solubility of 0.170 g/L. The stability of urolithin A was checked in the solvents DMSO, methanol and a mixture of methanol and water in a ratio of 80:20 at the concentrations of the stock and working solution and under different conditions: in a freezer at -20 °C, in a refrigerator at 4 °C, in the dark at room temperature and in the light at room temperature. The stability dropped only in the case of the solution exposed to light in the DMSO solvent.

Poslovanje javnih institucij se z razvojem družbe in tehnologije spreminja ter prilagaja njenim potrebam in posamezniku. V izrednih razmerah, kot je bil covid-19, pa je potrebno prilagajanje in iskanje alternativnih rešitev pospešiti. V delu smo zato preučevali, kako so se izbrane slovenske občine odzvale na izzive epidemije covida-19. Želeli smo ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri so izkoristile pomoč informacijske tehnologije pri spremenjenem načinu dela. Analizirali smo spremembe poslovanja izbranih občin in zaznali izzive in pomanjkljivosti e-poslovanja. Podrobnejšo raziskavo smo naredili s pomočjo spletne ankete. Z analitično metodo in metodo komparacije smo prišli do ključnih ugotovitev oz. odgovorov na vprašanje, kaj so bile glavne težave in izzivi v času epidemije na Občini Bistrica ob Sotli, Občini Brežice in Mestni občini Krško. V okviru raziskave smo ugotovili, da sta zaposlenim največji izziv predstavljala namestitev in uskladitev novih aplikacij ter čas za uporabo le-teh in komunikacija s strankami. Težave obsežnejšega e-poslovanja so bile: dostop in neprilagojenost informacijskega sistema za delo na daljavo, dostop do službenih dokumentov, pomanjkanje elektronskega podpisa, prenos velikih datotek in čas za prilagoditev. Ovire so predstavljale tudi pomanjkljive digitalne spretnosti in veščine zaposlenih. Pri delu v prihodnosti bo e-poslovanje zagotovo obsežnejše. Več bo dela na daljavo, stremljenja k nadaljnji racionalizaciji in poenostavitvi dela ter konstantni rabi informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije. Zaposlenim je smiselno omogočiti digitalno podpisovanje, posodobiti informacijske sisteme, prenesti dokumentacijo v elektronsko obliko, poenotiti oddajo e-vlog s portalom eUprava in spodbujati občane k uporabi e-storitev. Tako izbranim občinam kot drugim podobnim institucijam bodo rezultati dela omogočili pravilnejše korake h kvalitetnejšemu e-poslovanju z maksimalno izkoriščenostjo prednosti, ki jih zagotavlja IKT. The business of public institutions changes and adjusts to the demands and development of society and individuals. In emergency situations, such as covid-19, it is necessary to adapt and find alternative solutions quickly. In this assignment, we analysed how selected Slovenian municipalities responded to the challenges of the covid-19 epidemic. We wanted to establish to what extent they have used the assistance of information technology in the changed working methods. We analysed changes in the business of selected municipalities and identified the challenges and shortcomings of e-business. Using an online survey questionnaire, we conducted more detailed research. Using the analytical method and the method of comparison, we came to the main findings about the significant problems and challenges during the epidemic in the Municipality of Bistrica by Sotla, the Municipality of Brežice and the Municipality of Krško. As part of the research, we found out that the biggest challenge for employees was the installation and coordination of new applications and the time used for communication with the applicants. The problems of more extensive e-business were access and inadequacy of the information system for remote work, access to official documents, lack of electronic signature, the transfer of large files and time for adjustment. Lack of digital skills and skills staffing levels were also obstacles. In the future, e-business will undoubtedly be more extensive. There will be more remote work, a focus on further rationalization and simplification of work, and constant use of information and communication technology. Therefore, employees should be provided with digital signatures, information systems updates, documentation transfer in e-data, unification of e-applications submissions with the eGovernment portal and encouragement of citizens to use e-services. The results of the assignment will enable both the selected municipalities and other similar institutions to take more correct steps towards higher quality e-business, with maximum utilization of the advantages brought by ICT.

V magistrskem delu preučujemo možnosti uvedbe 3D-katastra v Sloveniji, kjer se osredotočamo na izzive 3D-modeliranja stavb. V okviru naloge smo najprej podrobno preučili aktualne raziskave in trende na mednarodni ravni na tem področju ter predstavili stanje in izzive v Sloveniji. Na temelju pregledane literature smo podrobneje oblikovali metodologijo za eksperimentalni del raziskave. Razvili smo koncept modeliranja stavb v 3D-okolju za namene registracije pravic in drugih opisnih podatkov, ki se nanašajo na nepremičninske enote, v sistemu zemljiške administracije. Pri tem smo izhajali iz podatkov katastra stavb oziroma podatkov, s katerimi razpolagamo pri pripravi elaborata za evidentiranje stavbe v kataster stavb. Za izbrane primere smo izdelali 3D-model stavbe, kjer smo dele stavb oziroma nepremičninske enote v stavbi opredeljevali na podlagi notranjih prostorov, za katere so v podatkovni zbirki shranjeni opisni podatki. 3D-modeliranja se lahko lotimo z različnimi programskimi orodji. V nalogi je predstavljen pristop modeliranja in vizualizacije v SketchUp programskem okolju in s pomočjo programa FME. Končni rezultat smo shranili v obliki 3D PDF. Pri tem smo ugotovili, da je za kakovosten 3D-model stavbe potrebna dodatna izmera, saj potrebujemo nekaj več podatkov, kot jih po trenutni zakonodaji potrebujemo za katastrski vpis stavbe, a ta dopolnitev ne zahteva veliko dodatnega dela, zato bi lahko predlagan model uvedli v praksi. In the master thesis, we analyse the possibility of introducing a 3D cadastre in Slovenia, focusing on the challenges of 3D building modelling. The thesis started with a thorough review of current research and trends at the international level in this field and a presentation of the situation and challenges in Slovenia. Based on the reviewed literature, we developed a more detailed methodology for the experimental part of the research. We propose the concept of building modelling in a 3D environment for the registration of rights and other attribute data related to real estate in the land administration system. For this purpose, we used the data from the building cadastre or the data that must be provided for registering a building in the building cadastre. For the selected cases, we developed 3D models of the buildings based on the concept of indoor spaces as spatial units for defining a real property unit, to which the attribute data stored in a geospatial database relates. 3D modelling can be provided with various software tools. In this thesis, a modelling approach is presented, in which we used the SketchUp and FME software environments for 3D modelling and 3D visualisation. The final result was saved in format 3D PDF. We found that in order to obtain a high-quality 3D model, it is necessary to acquire some additional data compared to the data we need for the current registration of a building in the building cadastre. However, this requirement does not require much additional effort, so we believe that the proposed approach can be applied in practice.

Kapilarna elektroforeza je zelo uporabna analizna metoda za ločevanje nabitih zvrsti. V diplomskem delu sem preverila njeno uporabnost za določanje fenolnih kislin v aerosolnih delcih. Z optimizacijo metode sem uspešno ločila 5 fenolnih kislin: 3,5- dihidroksibenzojsko kislino, 2,4-dihidroksibenzojsko kislino, 4-hidroksibenzojsko kislino, vanilinsko kislino in para-kumarinsko kislino. Ugotovljena je bila dobra ponovljivost migracijskih časov in slabša ponovljivost površin elektroforetskih vrhov. Iz izdelanih umeritvenih premic z dobro linearnostjo sem z metodo linearne regresije določila vrednosti meje zaznavnosti in meje določitve, ki sta bili višji od pričakovanih. Vzorec sem pripravila z raztapljanjem aerosolnih delcev z vzorčevalnikov v vodi in s koncentriranjem z mikroekstrakcijo z votlimi vlakni. Koncentracije fenolnih kislin iz vzorca so bile pod mejo zaznave razvite metode. Potrebna bi bila še optimizacija metode ekstrakcije vzorca in uporaba bolj občutljive detekcije. Capillary electrophoresis is a very useful analytical method for separating charged species. In my thesis I tested the applicability of this method for the determination of phenolic acids in aerosol particles. By optimizing the methods I succeeded in separating 5 phenolic acids: 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and para-cumaric acid. The repetability of the migration times was good, whereas the repetability of peaks surface was not so good. From the generated calibration lines with satisfactory linearity I obtained the values of the detection limit and the limits of determination with the linear regression method, which were higher than expected. The sample was prepared by dissolving aerosol particles from samplers in water and concentrating by hollow fiber microextraction. The concentrations of phenolic acids from the sample were below the detection limit of the developed method. It would also be necessary to optimize the sample extraction method and use a more sensitive detection.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljeno področje prepovedi nadlegovanja in trpinčenja na delovnem mestu v teoriji in sodni praksi. Varno in zdravo delovno okolje je ena izmed temeljnih pravic delavcev, zato je potrebno zagotoviti, da dalavci niso izpostavljeni nadlegovanju ali trpinčenju s strani delodajalcev, nadrejenih ali sodelavcev. Uvodoma so predstavljeni pojmi mobing, nadlegovanje in trpičenje na delovnem mestu ter posledice in razširjenost takšnih ravnanj ali vedenj. Temu sledi pregled razvoja delovnega prava v Sloveniji ter razvoja ureditve prepovedi nadlegovanja in trpinčenja v slovenski zakonodaji. Magistrska naloga obsega tri osrednje teme, in sicer so v prvem delu predstavljeni veljavni nacionalni ter mednarodni pravni akti, ki urejajo nadlegovanje in trpinčenje na delovnem mestu. Temu sledi ključna tema te magistrske naloge, v kateri so raziskani sodni ter drugi postopki, ki jih ima delavec, ki je žrtev nadlegovanja ali trpinčenja na delovnem mestu, na voljo za uveljavljanje svojih pravic. V zadnjem delu magistrske naloge pa je predstavljenih nekaj primerov novejše sodne prakse, skozi katero je orisno, katera ravnanja ali vedenja usmerjena zoper delavce so po oceni slovenskih sodišč ponavljajoča se ali sistematična, graje vredna ali očitna negativna in žaljiva (trpinčenje na delovnem mestu) in katera so nezaželena, povezana s katero koli osebno okoliščino, z učinkom ali namenom prizadeti dostojanstvo ali ustvariti delovno okolje, ki je zastraševalno, sovražno, ponižujoče, sramotilno ali žaljivo (nadlegovanje na delovnem mestu). In the thesis the field of prohibition of harassment at the work place and workplace bullying is presented in theory and through case-law. A safe and healthy work environment is one of the fundamental labour rights therefore it is necessary to provide that none of the workers are subjected to harassment or bullying on the part of the employers, superiors or co-workers. Concepts of mobbing, harassment at the work place and workplace bullying are presented in the introduction, together with the consequences and extent of this offensive treatments or behaviours. Followed by overview of labour law development in Slovenia and development of regulation of harassment at the work place and workplace bullying prohibition in Slovenian legislation. This thesis covers three main subjects, in the first part applicable national and international law which regulate harassment at the work place and workplace bullying is presented. This subject is followed by the main topic of the thesis in which litigation and other procedures for the protection of worker’s rights, that are available to a worker who is a victim of harassment at the work place or workplace bullying, are researched. In the last part of the thesis recent case law is presented that outlines which treatments or behaviours against workers are considered as repeated or systematic objectionable or clearly negative (workplace bullying) and which are considered as undesired behaviour associated with any personal circumstance with the effect or intent of adversely affecting the dignity of a person or of creating an intimidating, hateful, degrading, shaming or insulting (harassment at the work place) by Slovenian courts.

V diplomski nalogi sem obravnavala fazni diagram neidealne mešanice metanol-ogljikov tetraklorid pri temperaturi 35 ˚C. Izračunala sem celotni parni tlak mešanice z metodo UNIFAC, ki temelji na izračunu aktivnostnih koeficientov pri različnih sestavah mešanice. Za njegov izračun, ki je ločen na dva dela – kombinatoričnega in rezidualnega, sem si pomagala s Tabelo 8-23 iz knjige Properties of Gases and Liquids. Dobljene rezultate sem podala v tabelah in diagramih. In the bachelor’s thesis, I studied the phase diagram of the nonideal mixture methanol-carbon tetrachloride at the temperature of 35 ˚C. I calculated the total vapor pressure of the mixture using UNIFAC method based on the calculation of activity coefficients at different compositions of the mixture. For this calculation which is divided into two parts – the combinatorial and residual part, I helped myself with the Table 8-23 from the book Properties of Gases and Liquids. I presented the results of these calculations in the tables and graphs.

Diplomsko delo temelji na primerjavi občutljivosti neporušitvenih metod za ocenjevanje kakovosti površine različnih materialov – jekel. V njem so opisane tri neporušitvene metode za pregledovanje kakovosti materialov in izdelkov, kot so zvari, odkovki in ulitki. Prva in hkrati splošna metoda je vizualna kontrola. Pri njej se zanašamo le na »dober« človeški vid, ki mora biti preverjen s pomočjo Jaeger testa in Landoltove ter Ishihare karte. Pri drugi tehniki za odkrivanje indikacij uporabljamo penetrante. To so posebne snovi, ki zapolnijo nepravilnosti na površini materiala. S pomočjo razvijalca penetrantje pokažejo indikacije. Pri tretji tehniki se pri pregledovanju uporabljajo posebni magnetni delci, ki zaradi magnetnega polja na nepravilnosti ustvarjajo sipanje polja. Ta pojav nam omogoča, da se delci naberejo na indikaciji in nam s tem pokažejo njeno lokacijo in velikost. Tehniki pregledovanja pravimo »tehnika z magnetnimi delci«. Pri vseh naštetih tehnikah uporabljamo standarde, v katerih so zapisane zahteve o kakovostnih nivojih in mejne vrednosti, ki govorijo o kakovosti površine, in sicer ali je ta dovolj kakovostna in s tem sprejemljiva za nadaljnjo uporabo. Vse naštete metode sem v raziskavi uporabila na dveh različnih materialih. Prvi je posebno konstrukcijsko jeklo S355, drugi pa orodno jeklo 42CrMo. Oba materiala sta magnetna, zato sem lahko na njiju uporabila vse tri metode. Posebnost orodnega jekla je, da vsebuje zelo veliko martenzita, zato je zelo trdo, obenem pa tudi zelo krhko. S tem bi lahko imela nekaj težav pri magnetenju, vendar se je izkazalo, da je stroj, s katerim sem magnetizirala, zelo zmogljiv in ustvarja močno magnetno polje, ob tem pa ne povzroči novih razpok. Na vsakem materialu sem izvedla vse preskusne metode in pet tehnik pregledovanja. V prvi fazi sem oba vzorca pregledala z vizualno tehniko in izpisala velikosti vseh odkritih indikacij. Nadaljevala sem s penetrantsko metodo, pri kateri sem uporabila tako barvni kot tudi fluorescentni penetrant. Tudi tu so bile odkrite indikacije. Pri tretji metodi je prišlo do manjše težave, saj sem ugotovila, da se obeh vzorcev zaradi oblike ne bo dalo namagnetiti na enak način. Konstrukcijsko jeklo je namreč imelo obliko sočelnega zvara, odkovek, ki je bil iz orodnega jekla, pa je bil v obliki profila. Tako je bilo treba za zvar uporabiti tehniko elektromagnetnih jarmov, pri odkovku pa sem si pomagala s strojem za magnetenje s kontaktnimi čeljustmi ter tuljavo. Ko je bila težava odpravljena, je bila na obeh vzorcih v nadaljevanju izvedena tehnika s črnimi in fluorescentnimi delci. Rezultat opravljenih preizkusov je bilo deset izpolnjenih tabel (z upoštevanjem materialov in pri tem uporabljenih tehnik) z odkritimi indikacijami in njihovimi velikostmi. Rezultati so bili osnova za izvedbo analize – medsebojno primerjavo občutljivosti posameznih kakovostnih neporušitvenih metod in najprimernejše tehnike za kontrolo kakovosti za posamezne materiale. Ugotovitev raziskave je, da je – ne glede na material – za pregledovanje kakovosti materiala najprimernejša magnetna metoda, pri kateri se uporablja tehnika s fluorescentnimi delci, čeprav lahko z njo zaznamo tudi nerelevantne indikacije. Zaradi tega je poleg nje priporočljiva še uporaba penetrantske metode, da izločimo lažne indikacije. Ugotovila sem tudi, da je penetrantska metoda občutljivejša pri okroglih indikacijah, kot so pore, za odkrivanje razpok pa je najprimernejša magnetna metoda. The work is based on a comparison of the sensitivity of non-destructive methods in order to assess surface quality of various materials - steel. It describes three quality methods for examining materials and products. These are welds, forgings and castings. The first and the most general method is visual control. It requires a "good" eyesight which must be checked by using the Jaeger test, Landolt and Ishihara charts. For the second detection technique we use penetrants. These are special substances which are applied on the surface of material. They penetrate into depth to fill irregularities that show indications by using a developer. For the third technique special magnetic pieces are used in order to detect locations and the size of indications with magnetic field. The original naming of the technique is "Technique with magnetic particles". It is important to refer to standards with all the techniques. These standards regulate quality levels and limit values for indications. I have used all the methods for research on two different materials. The first is a special constructional steel S355 and the second one is tool steel 42CrMo. All the methods and five inspection techniques have been applied on both materials. In the first phase, I examined both samples with visual technique and displayed the size of all indications. I continued by using red colored and fluorescent penetrant. I had some problems with the third method because I found out that the sample could not be magnetized in the same way. The structural steel had a shape of a symmetrical weld and the forging which was made of tool steel was in the form of a profile. It was necessary to use the technique of magnetic particle yoke for welding and for forging I used a magnetizing machine with contact plate and a coil. When the problem was solved the technique with black and fluorescent particles was used. The results that I wrote down were the basis for carrying out the analysis - a comparison of the sensitivity of individual quality methods and the most appropriate quality technique for individual materials. The final result of the study is that the best quality scanning method is the magnetic method with fluorescence particles for both materials. Because of the sensitivity of the method we can also find irrelevant indications. For this reason, it is advisable to use a penetrant method to eliminate false indications. I have also found out that the penetrant method is more sensitive to circular indications and the magnetic quality method is most suitable for cracks.

Ortodroma in loksodroma sta krivulji na Zemlji, katere obliko obravnavamo kot kroglo. Ortodroma je del velikega kroga in predstavlja najkrajšo razdaljo med točkama. Loksodroma je od ortodrome daljša, vendar meridiane seka pod enakim kotom, zato pri gibanju ni potrebno spreminjati smeri gibajočega se objekta. V diplomski nalogi predstavljamo značilnosti krivulj in postopke numeričnega reševanja situacij na posameznih krivuljah. Kot rezultat naloge predstavljamo program v okolju MATLAB, ki ob vnosu geografskih koordinat dveh poljubnih krajev na Zemlji izračuna koordinate krajev na ortodromi in loksodromi ter omogoča vizualizacijo rešitev na karti Mercatorjeve projekcije in v Google Earth-u. Great circle and rhumb line are the curves on Earth, whose shape is treated as a sphere. Great circle is a part of a large circle and represents the shortest distance between the points. Rhumb line is longer than the great circle, but it crosses every meridian under the same angle, so meanwhile moving, direction change of the moving object is not needed. In the graduation thesis we present the characteristics of the curves and procedures of numerical solving for the situations on individual curves. As a result of the task, we present a program in the MATLAB environment, which, when entering the geographical coordinates of any two places on Earth, calculates the coordinates of places on the great circle and rhumb line, and allows the visualization of results on the Mercator projection map and in Google Earth.

Diplomsko delo predstavlja zasnovo in izdelavo hidravličnega amortizerja motocikla. Pri zasnovi smo upoštevali določene slabosti konkurenčnih amortizerjev in jih poskušali odpraviti oz. izboljšati. Izdelan amortizer smo preizkusili s pomočjo razvite in izdelane testne naprave. Preučili smo vpliv posameznih nastavitev amortizerja na dušenje pri povratnem gibu. Nov amortizer omogoča daljši čas dušenja. V primerjavi s tovarniško izdelanim amortizerjem se čas dušenja podaljša od 0,3 do 1,3 s, odvisno od nastavitve. Ugotovili smo, da nastavitev pozicije igle bistveno vpliva na čas dušenja pri povratnem gibu The diploma thesis is a presentation of a design and production of a hydraulic motorcycle shock absorber. When designing the shock absorber, the most common downsides of competitive products were considered and therefore improved or eliminated. The manufactured shock absorber was tested using a highly developed testing device. We studied the effect different settings have on the rebound movement. The newly developed shock absorber provides longer damped period. Compared to a factory produced shock absorber, the damped time may be extended from 0.3 to 1.3 seconds, depending on the settings. Our main finding was that the position of the needle has a significant effect on the damped time of the rebound movement.

Diplomsko delo se nanaša na posamezna pravila Uredbe št. 1215/2012 o pristojnosti in priznavanju ter izvrševanju sodnih odločb v civilnih in gospodarskih zadevah, ki so pomembna za razumevanje sodne odločbe v zadevi Pula Parking. Sodišče Evropske unije je v tej zadevi povzelo najpomembnejša pravila razlage pojma »civilna in gospodarska zadeva« ter se prvič ukvarjalo s pojmom »sodišče«, v zvezi s katerim je postavilo pomembne smernice pri odločanju ali se organ šteje za »sodišče« v smislu Uredbe št. 1215/2012. Eno izmed pomembnejših načel razlage Uredbe št. 1215/2012 je načelo avtonomnosti, kar pomeni, da so za opredelitev pojmov odločilna splošna pravna načela in cilji, ki jih je mogoče izpeljati iz pravil prava EU, hkrati pa je potrebno te pojme razlagati s sklicevanjem na cilje in ureditev uredbe. V skladu s tem je Sodišče Evropske unije v zadevi Pula Parking odločilo, da je potrebno za ugotovitev ali gre za civilno in gospodarsko zadevo, preučiti pravno razmerje med strankama spora ter podlago in pravila za uveljavljanje vloženega pravnega sredstva. Glede pojma »sodišče« je Sodišče Evropske unije odločilo, da se v skladu s ciljem uredbe, ki je olajševanje dostopa do sodnega varstva, za sodišče v smislu uredbe štejejo organi, ki so v nacionalnih predpisih držav članic opredeljeni kot sodišče in pa organa, ki jih uredba natančno določa. My thesis deals with individual rules of the Regulation no. 1215/2012 of the European parliament and the council on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters. These rules are decisive for understanding the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the case Pula Parking. In this case the Court of Justice of the European Union summarized the most important rules concerning interpretation of “civil and commercial matters” and for the first time dealt with meaning of the “court”. The Court of Justice of the European Union provided important guidance in deciding whether the body is considered a court within the meaning of the Regulation no. 1215/2012. One of the most important principles of interpretation of Regulation no. 1215/2012 is the necessity of autonomous interpretation, which means that the concepts used in Regulation no. 1215/2012 must be interpreted by reference, first, to the general principles and objectives of European law and, second, to the objectives and scheme of the Regulation no. 1215/2012. Accordingly, in the case Pula Parking the Court of Justice of the European Union decided that it is necessary to identify the legal relationship between the parties to the dispute and to examine the basis and the rules governing the bringing of the action to determine whether the matter is civil and commercial. The Court of Justice of the European Union decided that one of the main objectives of Regulation is facilitating access to justice. In accordance with this objective, bodies which are defined as courts by national rules and bodies that are determined as courts by the regulation, are considered as courts within the meaning of the Regulation no. 1215/2012.

Terestrično lasersko skeniranje je metoda zajema podatkov, kjer v krajšem časovnem obdobju zajemamo milijone točk. Rezultat skeniranja je oblak točk, katerega nato obdelujemo do želenega rezultata s programsko opremo, ki to omogoča. V diplomski nalogi smo skenirali dva glasbena instrumenta in uporabili dva skenerja: Riegl VZ–400 in Leica Nova MultiStation MS50. Pri obdelavi podatkov smo uporabljali AutoCAD in RiSCAN PRO. Končni oblak točk smo nato posredovali podjetju, ki se ukvarja s 3D graviranjem stekla. Rezultat diplomske naloge je steklena kocka, v katero je vgraviran oblak točk, ki predstavljajo saksofon. Terrestrial laser scanning is a method of data collection, which in a short period of time captures millions of points . The result of the scan is a point cloud, which is then processed to the desired result with the software that makes this possible. In this thesis, we scanned two musical instruments and used two scanner: Riegl VZ - 400 and Leica Nova MS50 MultiStation. When processing the data we have used AutoCAD and PRO Rîşcani. The final point cloud was then forwarded to the company that deals with 3D engraving of glass . The result of the thesis is a glass cube, which is engraved with a cloud of points representing the saxophone.

Zavarovanje obveznosti iz obligacijskih razmerij s stvarnopravnimi instituti izvira že iz rimskega prava. Namen uporabe je utrditev obveznosti, ki se izkaže še posebej pomembna, če dolžnik postane insolventen. Takrat je upnik, zaradi vnaprej zavarovane terjatve, v bolj varnem položaju, napram upnikom, ki svojih terjatev do istega dolžnika niso zavarovali. Upnik je varovan, če upošteva načela in pravila nepremičninskega in stečajnega prava. Z začetkom stečajnega postopka naj upnik pravočasno prijavi svojo terjatev, ki je ni mogoče izpodbiti ter s tem pridobi ločitveno ali izločitveno pravico. Obveznost je mogoče zavarovati z različnimi instituti, v različnih točkah razmerja med strankama. Za najbolj učinkovito sredstvo zavarovanja se je izkazal stvarnopravni institut hipoteke. V največjem možnem obsegu učinkuje, če je ustanovljena s pravnim poslom. Posledice začetka stečajnega postopka vplivajo na pravice, ki so ustanovljene na nepremičnini. Izhajajo iz načela akcesornosti in prednostnega načela. Vse pravice, ustanovljene za hipoteko, ki se realizira, se izbrišejo iz zemljiške knjige. Lastninska pravica na nepremičnini je prosta omejitev, vkolikor ni obremenjena s pravicami, ki so izvzete iz tega pravila Obligations from contractual obligation insured by the institutes of property originates from Roman law. Intended use is to consolidate the commitments that it appears as a highly important if the debtor becomes insolvent. Then the creditor who has insured his claim is in a more secure position against creditors that has their claims against the same debtor unsecured. The creditor is protected if he considers the principles and rules of the real estate and bankruptcy law. With the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings the creditor timely lodge his claim that he can not be called into question and thus obtain a separation or exclusion right. The obligation is to be insured with several institutes in the various stages of the relationship between the parties. For the most effective means of protection has proven Institute of Property mortgages. If established by legal transaction, has the extent possible effect. Consequences of bankruptcy proceedings are affecting the rights established on the property. Their effect arises from the principle of the ancillary nature and principles of priority. All rights created later than the first mortage, will be deleted from the land register. Ownership of the property is free from restrictions implications if it is not encumbered with the rights, which are exempt from this rule.

Regardless of the fact, whether the debtor is under insolvency proceeding or the proceeding of preventive restructuring, usually merely financial measures are not an adequate intervention regarding the company's business operation in order to dismiss the grounds for insolvency. Consequently, the Slovenian Financial Operations, Insolvency Proceedings and Compulsory Dissolution Act (ZFPPIPP) itself includes other measures to dismiss the grounds for insolvency. The issue is introduced with a summary of some basic definitions of insolvency and restructuring as derived from the ZFPPIPP. A focus on a complete preparation of financial and business restructuring plan as defined by international practice and used when planning a turn in the companies' businesses is given. The author emphasizes that the described measures are not only urgent only when the company is faced with the elements of insolvency, but should rather be executed by all those who face any financial difficulties. Ne glede na to, ali se nad dolžnikom vodi postopek zaradi insolventnosti ali postopek preventivnega prestrukturiranja, običajno samo ukrepi finančne narave niso dovolj koreniti poseg v poslovanje podjetja, da bi odpravili vzroke za nastanek insolventnosti. Zato so tudi v Zakonu o finančnem poslovanju, postopkih zaradi insolventnosti in prisilnem prenehanju (ZFPPIPP) predvideni drugi ukrepi za odpravo vzrokov insolventnosti. Avtorica v uvodu povzema nekaj osnovnih opredelitev insolventnosti in prestrukturiranja, kot izhajajo iz ZFPPIPP. V nadaljevanju se osredotoči na celovito pripravo načrta finančnega in poslovnega prestrukturiranja, kot ga opredeljuje mednarodna praksa in je v veljavi pri načrtovanjih preobratov poslovanja v podjetjih. Avtorica poudarja, da postopkov, ki jih opisuje, ni nujno opravljati zgolj v fazi, ko je podjetje že ugotovilo znamenja insolventnosti, temveč bi jih morali izvajati vsi, ki so zaznali finančne težave.

V prispevku so opisane preiskave troslojnih kamnitih zidov, namenjene študiju njihovega obnašanja pri potresnih obremenitvah. Preiskave so obsegale tlačne in strižne teste skupaj 18 zidov ter spremljajoče raziskave konstituentov (malte in kamna). Analizirani so rezultati maksimalnih nosilnosti kot tudi pomikov ter poškodovanosti zidov za karakteristična stanja obnašanja pri tlačnih in strižnih obremenitvah. Pri strižnih preiskavah je analiziran tudi vpliv morfologije zidov (sestave po prerezu), različnih nivojev predkompresije in robnih pogojev vpetja. Preizkušani tip kamnitih zidov najdemo v Sloveniji v starejših reprezentativnih objektih (na Primorskem ali tam, kjer je bil pri gradnji prisoten italijanski oziroma beneški vpliv), ti pa predstavljajo pomemben del naše kulturne dediščine. Pri takšnih objektih je poleg konstrukcije pogosto v interesu ščititi različne poslikave, mozaike itd., zato je bil na zidove nanesen tudi apneni omet, ki je služil za analizo obnašanja umetnostnih elementov zidov in določitev vrednosti mejnih zasukov zidov za nadaljnjo uporabo pri oceni potresne odpornosti obstoječih objektov tudi s stališča poškodovanosti ometov.

Background: In this article, a facial reconstruction with implant-supported craniofacial epitheses and our clinical experience with the substitution of auricular and orbital region are described. Materials and methods: In this case series, 9 patients with 28 endosseous implants performed in the period between 2006 and 2013 were included. Two-stage and one-stage procedures were opted for; the former in six patients, and the latter in three patients. There were four patients with congenital defects of facial structures, and five patients who had undergone ablative oncological surgery; three among them received postoperative radiotherapy. In two patients adjuvant therapy with hyperbaric oxygen was used before and after implantation. We analysed the success of combined surgical-prosthodontic treatment. Results: We placed 28 titanium implants in 9 patients. A successful osseointegration was observed in 27 implants; only one endosseous implant failed to integrate and fell out of the bone (in an irradiated patient). The final implantsupported epithesis was achieved in six patients. Among them there were five ear-substituting epitheses and one epithesis substituting the eye and periorbital region. The final epithesis could not be made in three patients; in one patient too much keloid formed to fix a prosthodontic bar to the implants, the other two patients died because of the progression of malignancy. Conclusion: The surgical technique for rehabilitation using implant-supported facial epitheses is simple and reliable. In certain indications, it is the only proper option for aesthetic and socially acceptable rehabilitation. The major problem remains soft tissues surrounding the implants. Due to their stability and appearance, the implantsupported epitheses are superior to the adhesiveretained epitheses. Odkritje receptorjev za derivate iz konoplje in endokanabinoidnega sistema je privedlo do številnih možnosti za terapevtsko uporabo kanabinoidov. V osrednjem živčevju kanabinoidi učinkujejo predvsem modulatorno, uravnavajo sproščanje drugih nevrotransmitorjev prek aktivacije receptorjev CB1. Aktivacija receptorjev CB2 zunaj osrednjega živčevja povzroča zmanjšanje vnetnega odgovora in povečanje apoptoze nekaterih tumorskih celic. S kanabinoidi lahko zdravimo slabost in bruhanje, izzvano s citostatiki; stimuliramo apetit; blažimo nevropatsko bolečino in spastičnost pri multipli sklerozi ter bolečino pri bolnikih z rakom. Učinkovitost pri drugih boleznih in stanjih se še preverja. Izolacija in identifikacija posameznih kanabinoidov iz konoplje in sinteza bolj selektivnih derivatov povečuje terapevtske možnosti. Ob tem se pojavljajo številni problemi z neželenimi učinki, zlasti, kadar gre za uporabo pripravkov iz konoplje z neznano količinsko in kakovostno sestavo. Med toksičnimi učinki kanabinoidov so najbolj zaskrbljujoči kronični učinki, kot so odvisnost, toleranca z odtegnitvenimi simptomi, povečano tveganje za ponovni akutni miokardni infarkt in povečano tveganje za razvoj psihoz oziroma poslabšanje simptomov pri že obstoječi psihozi. Akutni učinki so bolj izraženi pri otrocih, pri katerih je bila pri naključnem zaužitju opažena huda depresija osrednjega živčevja. Za potencialna zdravila iz konoplje in sintetične kanabinoide morajo veljati enaka pravila kot za druga potencialna zdravila. Tudi če je snov naravnega (rastlinskega) izvora in ima biološke učinke, moramo uporabnost za zdravljenje in sprejemljivo varnost za bolnika dokazati v nekliničnih preizkušanjih in kliničnih študijah, dovoljenje za promet pa mora izdati ustrezen organ. Bolniki pa si zaslužijo tudi kakovostno izdelana zdravila, ki vedno vsebujejo predpisano količino t. i. "remedii cardinalis".

The impairment of the brachial plexus (IBP) in neonates and infants remains an important problem. Risk factors for IBP are well known, but the mechanisms of impairment are not yet fully understood. It is important to identify early signs of IBP and to evaluate the hand function. In the guidelines we propose to use the Toronto scale for the evaluation of hand function. The newborn with IBP should be referred to physiotherapy, and then regularly followed-up once a month. If the arm and hand function, especially flexion of the elbow, is not improving at the age of two months, the infant should be referred to the tertiary level rehabilitation centre and to the department for plastic surgery at the University Medical Centre in Ljubljana. When necessary, the reconstructive procedure should be done by the age of three to six months. After reconstruction of the brachial plexus, the child needs a comprehensive therapy program, which involves passive stretching, sensory stimulation, exercises to promote the development of active voluntary movements, bimanual activities, and symmetrical posture and movement patterns. Okvara brahialnega pleteža (OBP) pri novorojenčku in dojenčku tudi v sodobnem času ostaja pomemben problem. Dejavniki tveganja za OBP so poznani, mehanizmi nastanka okvare pa še niso povsem pojasnjeni. V procesu obravnave novorojenčka in dojenčka z OBP je pomembno zgodnje prepoznavanje znakov okvare in natančna ocena funkcije roke. V predlogu smernic za oceno funkcije roke na novo predlagamo uporabo Torontske lestvice. Po ugotovitvi OBP je novorojenčka potrebno vključiti v program fizioterapije, nato pa redno spremljati popravljanje klinične slike in izboljševanje funkcije roke. Oceno je potrebno ponoviti enkrat mesečno. Če se funkcija roke, predvsem pa krčenje v komolcu ne popravlja, je dojenčka v starosti dveh mesecev potrebno napotiti na Univerzitetni rehabilitacijski inštitut RS Soča in konzilij za brahialni pletež na Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru v Ljubljani ter morda opraviti rekonstrukcijski poseg v starosti od treh do šestih mesecev. Po operaciji otrok potrebuje celostno habilitacijsko obravnavo, ki vključuje pasivno razgibavanje, spodbujanje razvoja občutenja različnih dražljajev, vaje za spodbujanje razvoja aktivnih hotenih gibov, soročnih aktivnosti, simetrične drže in gibanja.

Članek zagovarja tezo, da izbris ni bil posledica morebitne pravne praznine ali administrativne pomote, temveč so ga izvršili upravni organi z izvajanjem navodil, ki so jih izdajali ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in njegove uprave. Upravna dejavnost ministrstva je bila intenzivna in je interpretirala zakone na načine, ki so bili sicer včasih drug z drugim v nasprotju, a so bili vsi usmerjeni k istemu cilju, namreč k izbrisu. Izbris se potemtakem umešča v razsežnost, ki ji Foucault pravi gouvernementalité, v razsežnost državnega strokovnega administriranja. Oblastne in administrativne tehnike, ki so jih uporabili ob izbrisu, so del transformacije političnega razreda in javne administracije po osamosvojitvi v aparat, ki upravlja državljansko telo kot "človeške vire", zato da bi povečal konkurenčnost države v globalni ekonomiji.

The incidence ofbronchial asthma is very high in paediatric as well as in the adult population. Nevertheless, life style changes and adequate pharmacotherapy enables asthma patients to live normal, healthy life. rf the disease is mild the drugs are usually taken by inhalations, while for more severe form of disease systemic application of drugs either oral or by injecting is necessary. Anti-asthma drugs are divided into two groups: controllers, which prevent asthma attacks and healers that are applied when the disease deteriorates. Pharmacological classification divides anti-asthma drugs into bronchodilators (adrenergic agonists, xantines, cisteninyl-Ieukotriene antagonists, antimuscarinic drugs) , anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids) and biologic drugs (omalizumab).

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili aparaturo za merjenje gostot pri povišanih tlakih in temperaturah. Z gostotomerom z nihajočo U-cevko smo merili nihajne čase čistega n-heksana, n-heptana in n-oktana ter njihovih binarnih mešanic. Iz dobljeni podatkov smo izračunali njihove gostote. Gostote n-heksana, n-heptana in n-oktana ter njihovih binarnih mešanic smo izmerili pri temperaturah (303,15, 313,15, 323,15 in 333,15) K in pri tlakih (0,1, 10, 20 30 in 40) MPa. Odstopanja eksperimentalnih vrednosti gostot n-heksana, n-heptana in n-oktana smo primerjali z vrednostmi iz literature. Iz gostot n-heksana, n-heptana in n-oktana ter njihovih binarnih mešanic smo izračunali presežne molske volumne, koeficient izotermne stisljivosti in prostorninski razteznostni koeficient. Predstavili smo odvisnost termodinamskih lastnosti n-heksana, n-heptana, n-oktana ter njihovih binarnih mešanic od temperature, tlaka in sestave. The equipment for measurement of densities at high temperatures and pressures is presented in this thesis. Densities of n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and their binary mixtures were measured using a vibrating tube densimeter at temperatures (303.15, 313.15, 323.15 and 333,15) K and at pressures (0.1, 10, 20, 30 and 40) MPa. Deviations of experimental values of densities of n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane are compared with literature values. Excess molar volumes, isothermal compressibilities and isobaric thermal expansivities were calculated form obtained densities of n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane and their binary mixtures. We have presented the dependence of thermodynamic properties of n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and their binary mixtures on the temperature, pressure and composition.

The author attempts to define the criteria upon the basis of which we can talk of a transition between modes of production. Contrary to classical approaches that locate such criteria at the level of the forces of production and relations of exchange, the position adopted in this article is that of relations of production, defined as those social connections linking units of production. Following classical sociology, the author first distinguishes between organised and commodity forms of relations of production, then outlines the conditions under which the production of commodities becomes capitalist. These conditions are fulfilled whenever the commodity form of production encompasses the reproduction and allocation of the conditions of production. From this viewpoint the author then discusses whether it is pertinent to understand changes in the West and in China as a transition. Avtor poskuša definirati kriterije, na podlagi katerih lahko govorimo o prehodu med produkcijskimi načini. Namesto klasičnih pristopov, ki kriterije iščejo na ravni produkcijskih sil ali odnosov menjave, zavzame stališče produkcijskih odnosov, definiranih kot družbena povezava med produkcijskimi enotami. Sledeč klasični sociologiji loči med organizirano in blagovno obliko produkcijskih odnosov, nato opredeli pogoje, v katerih blagovna proizvodnja preraste v kapitalistično. Ti pogoji so izpolnjeni, ko blagovni tip povezave zajame tudi reprodukcijo in alokacijo produkcijskih pogojev. S stališča tega kriterija avtor presoja, ali je ob trenutnih spremembah na Zahodu in na Kitajskem umestno govoriti o prehodu.

Uživanje večjih ali manjših količin etanola je staro toliko kot civilizacija. Kljub temu, da večina uporabnikov uživa etanol zaradi stimulatornega delovanja, je etanol predvsem depresor osrednjega živčevja. Enkraten vnos večjih količin prizadene predvsem osrednje živčevje, najprej so prizadete višje živčne dejavnosti, kar bistveno zmanjša delazmožnost. Dolgotrajen vnos etanola vpliva na delovanje osrednjega živčevja, krvožilnega sistema, prebavil in gibal. Kronično uživanje predvsem večjih količin alkohola je povezano s kopico bolezni, ki so lahko vzrok za manjšo delazmožnost, večjo verjetnost bolniških odsotnosti in poškodb, prezgodnje upokojevanje in povečano smrtnost.

This article describes drugs influencing water and electrolyte excretion, called diuretics. Most of them modify the transport of sodium ions in tubular epithelial cells via different mechanisms. They are the drug of choice for thetreatment of hypertension and diseases with concomitant edema, such as congestive heart failure, electrolyte disturbances, kidney diseases and liver cirrhosis. V tem članku bova opisala zdravila, ki vplivajo na izločanje vode in elektrolitov v ledvicah. Imenujemo jih diuretiki. Večinoma delujejo tako, da na razne načine vplivajo na prenos natrija v tubulih. Pomembni so za zdravljenje hipertenzije in bolezni, pri katerih se pojavljajo edemi: popuščanje srca, bolezni, pri katerih je porušeno elektrolitsko ravnotežje, bolezni ledvic in jetrna ciroza.