Search

V zadnjih dveh letih smo se srečevali z marsikatero spremembo naših življenj zaradi epidemije covida-19. Vse to ni vplivalo le na kulturno, gospodarsko, tehnološko in družbeno področje, temveč je pustilo pečat tudi na področju vzgoje in izobraževanja. Zaposleni v vzgojno izobraževalnem sistemu so se soočali s številnimi izzivi, redefiniranjem pedagoških praks ter pomena in vloge izobraževanja. Spremembe, še zlasti tako globalne in radikalne, kot je zaprtje vzgojno-izobraževalnih institucij za dlje časa, vzpostavitev izobraževanja na daljavo, se odražajo tudi na definiranju vloge pedagoških delavcev, tudi specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov, prav tako pa predstavljajo pomembno spodbudo za učenje in razvoj. V teoretičnem delu opredeljujemo profesionalni razvoj pedagoških delavcev in profesionalizacijo pedagoškega poklica. Podrobno opisujemo modele profesionalnega razvoja. Predstavljamo značilnosti poklicne vloge pedagoških delavcev, njihove kompetence in načela, naštejemo in opišemo dejavnike spodbujanja profesionalnega razvoja. Prav tako predstavljamo različne raziskave profesionalnega razvoja, v katere so bili vključeni učitelji, vzgojitelji predšolskih otrok, ravnatelji ter jih povežemo s teoretičnimi spoznanji. V empiričnem delu smo raziskali, kako specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi v vrtcih opredeljujejo profesionalni razvoj, kako ga ocenjujejo v času epidemije covida-19, katere dejavnike izpostavljajo kot pomembne za njihov profesionalni razvoj v času epidemije covida-19, kaj je v času epidemije spodbujalo in oviralo njihov profesionalni razvoj ter s kakšnimi dilemami in izzivi so se specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi srečevali v času epidemije, kako so jih reševali in kako so vplivale na njihov profesionalni razvoj. Za namene raziskave smo oblikovali anketni vprašalnik, na katerega je odgovorilo 60 specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov, ki svoje delo opravljajo v vrtcih. Ugotovili smo, da opravljanje poklicnih nalog v času epidemije v večini ocenjujejo bolj stresno kot pred epidemijo. Obenem anketirani v povprečju izražajo nizko stopnjo zadovoljstva na delovnem mestu. Raziskovali smo tudi dejavnike profesionalnega razvoja. Ugotovili smo, da kot najbolj pomemben dejavnik za profesionalni razvoj specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi navajajo osebno angažiranost, v času epidemije covida-19 pa podporo vodstva. Ugotovili smo, da do statistično pomembnih razlik glede na delovno dobo prihaja pri oceni pomembnosti dejavnika raziskovanja pouka in seznanjenosti z izsledki raziskav. Pri oceni vpliva elementov na profesionalni razvoj prihaja do statistično pomembnih razlik glede na delovno dobo pri dejavniku povečane dostopnosti do strokovnih virov. Nadalje smo ugotovili, da večina anketiranih meni, da so bile možnosti za profesionalni razvoj v času epidemije enake kot pred epidemijo. Prav tako jih večina ocenjuje, da je vpliv izobraževanja na daljavo na njihov profesionalni razvoj tako pozitiven kot negativen. V presoji možnosti profesionalnega razvoja v času epidemije med specialnimi in rehabilitacijskimi pedagogi ne prihaja do statistično pomembnih razlik glede na delovno dobo, oceno stopnje stresa pri opravljanju poklicnih nalog ter poklicnega zadovoljstva. V času epidemije covida-19 je specialnim in rehabilitacijskim pedagogom tako pri poučevanju kot opravljanju drugih poklicnih nalog na daljavo v največji meri izziv predstavljala neodzivnost in pomanjkanje povratnih informacij staršev. Ugotovili smo tudi, da so specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagogi med epidemijo covida-19 pridobili nova znanja na področju informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije, hkrati pa so jim že pridobljena znanja in kompetence iz tega področja v največji meri služile pri soočanju z izzivi in dilemami v času epidemije. In the past two years, we have experienced numerous changes in our lives due to the COVID 19 epidemic. These changes have not only affected the cultural, economic, technological, and social aspects but have also left a mark on the field of education. Professionals in the education system have faced many challenges, leading to the redefinition of pedagogical practices and the meaning and role of education. Global and radical changes such as the prolonged closure of educational institutions and the implementation of distance education have had an impact on the roles of educational workers, including special and rehabilitation pedagogues, and have served as a significant stimulus for learning and development. The theoretical part of this study focuses on defining professional development for educational staff and the professionalization of the teaching profession. It provides detailed descriptions of professional development models and explores the characteristics of teachers' professional roles, competencies, and principles. Additionally, the study examines the factors that promote professional development and presents various research studies related to professional development involving teachers, preschool educators and principals, connecting them to theoretical knowledge. In the empirical part, the study investigates how special and rehabilitation pedagogues in kindergartens define and evaluate professional development during the COVID 19 epidemic. It identifies the factors that are considered important for their professional growth during this period and examines the facilitators and barriers to professional development experienced by special and rehabilitation pedagogues. The study also explores the dilemmas and challenges faced by special and rehabilitation pedagogues during the epidemic, how they resolved them, and the impact on their professional development. The research was conducted using a questionnaire answered by 60 special and rehabilitation pedagogues working in kindergartens. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents perceive their professional duties during the epidemic as more stressful compared to the pre-epidemic period. On average, respondents expressed a low level of job satisfaction. The study also reveals the factors influencing professional development. Personal commitment is identified as the most important factor, followed by management support during the COVID-19 epidemic. Statistically significant differences were found based on the length of service when assessing the importance of factors such as engagement in teaching research and familiarity with research findings. Significant differences were also observed in terms of seniority regarding the accessibility of professional resources and their impact on professional development. Moreover, the majority of respondents believe that professional development opportunities during the epidemic remained the same as before. Additionally, most respondents rate the impact of distance education on their professional development as both positive and negative. No statistically significant differences were found among special and rehabilitation pedagogues in terms of length of service, stress levels, and professional satisfaction when assessing professional development opportunities during the COVID-19 epidemic. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the greatest challenge for special and rehabilitation pedagogues, both in teaching and performing other professional tasks, was the lack of response and feedback from parents. The study also reveals that special and rehabilitation pedagogues acquired new knowledge in the field of information and communication technology during the pandemic. Furthermore, the knowledge and skills they already possessed in this area were found to be most helpful in overcoming the challenges and dilemmas faced during the epidemic.

Zaradi nepričakovane situacije covid-19 so morali učitelji hitro prilagoditi pouk s poučevanjem na daljavo. Eden od načinov organizacije pouka na daljavo so video razlage. Pojavil se je porast video razlag, dostopnih na svetovnem spletu. Video razlage temeljijo na obrnjenem učenju in poučevanju, kjer učenci dobijo vnaprej pripravljeno gradivo, nato pa z učiteljem diskutirajo o njegovi vsebini na skupinskem srečanju preko videokonference. Porast javno dostopnih video razlag pa lahko predstavlja tudi problem, saj niso vse video razlage nujno kakovostne. V magistrskem delu smo želeli preveriti kakovost video razlag za naravoslovje in tehniko, ki so javno dostopne na svetovnem spletu. Analizirali smo 104 video razlage, namenjene poučevanju naravoslovja in tehnike v 4. ter 5. razredu, na treh različnih spletnih platformah (YouTube, Razlagamo.si, Arnes Video). Priredili smo instrumentarij, ki vsebuje 10 ključnih kriterijev za kakovostno video razlago. Ugotovili smo, da imajo video razlage za naravoslovje in tehniko najpogosteje ustrezne učne cilje, zgradbo, pisno besedilo, slikovno gradivo ter upoštevajo šest načel za kognitivno teorijo multimedijskega učenja. Prav tako je zaznati veliko uporabo motivacijskih tehnik, predvsem postavljanja vprašanj in nagovarjanja. Večina video razlag je bila, glede na časovna priporočila, prekratka. Opazili smo, da učitelji v video razlagah za naravoslovje in tehniko medpredmetno ne povezujejo z drugimi predmeti. Ugotovili smo tudi, da v video razlagah pogosto neposredno ne spodbujajo učencev k uporabi učbeniških ali drugih gradiv. Na podlagi rezultatov smo oblikovali napotke za izdelavo in izbiro video razlag za namen poučevanja naravoslovja ter tehnike v 4. in 5. razredu. The unexpected situation of covid-19 meant that teachers had to adapt quickly to distance learning. One way of organizing distance learning is through educational videos. There has been an increase in educational videos available on the internet. Educational videos are based on flipped learning and teaching. Students are thus given pre-prepared material and then discuss its content with the teacher in a group meeting via a video conference. However, the increase in publicly available educational videos can also be a problem, as not all educational videos are of good quality. In the master's thesis, we wanted to check the quality of educational videos for the subject of science and technology, which are publicly available on the world wide web. We analyzed 104 video materials intended for teaching science and technology in the 4th and 5th grades on three different web portals (YouTube, Arnes Video, Razlagamo.si). We have prepared instrumentation that includes ten key criteria for high-quality educational videos. We found that educational videos for science and technology often have appropriate learning objectives, structure, text, pictorial material, and six cognitive multimedia learning theory principles. There is also a great use of motivational techniques, especially asking questions and addressing the students. Educational videos had partially corresponding criteria, most often in terms of time duration, because most of them were to short. We noticed that teachers do not make cross-curricular links with other subjects in the educational videos for science and technology. We also found that they often do not use textbook or other materials when creating eucational videos. Based on the results, we developed guidelines for producing and selecting video materials for teaching science and technology in the 4th and 5th grades.

Glavni namen magistrskega dela je raziskati ustvarjalno vedenje specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov in kako se je to prilagajalo spremembam med pandemijo COVID-19 in izkušnjo izrednega izobraževanja na daljavo. V problemskem okviru sem postavila pet raziskovalnih vprašanj, ki so se navezovala na obravnavano tematiko in so predstavljena v nadaljevanju tega dela. Empirični del je temeljil na izvedenem anketnem vprašalniku. Sodeloval je 101 specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagog. Rezultati so pokazali, da se 89 % respondentov opredeljuje kot ustvarjalnih. Na razvoj njihove ustvarjalnosti najbolj vplivajo osebnostne značilnosti, najpogostejše navedene so vztrajnost, samostojnost v razmišljanju in radovednost. Kot pozitivne vidike dela na daljavo so izpostavili spoznavanje novih orodij za učenje preko spleta in iskanje novih načinov vzpostavljanja komunikacije s svojimi učenci. Kot glavne zaviralce so navedli pomanjkanje osebnega stika z učenci, ekonomske neenakosti med učenci, pomanjkanje priložnosti za učenje z več težavami in moteče dejavnike doma. Pri 44 % respondentov se je način dela po vrnitvi v fizično učilnico spremenil, saj so začeli bolj ceniti delo v živo in osebno komunikacijo, pri delu so bolj zagnani, so tehnološko spretnejši, fleksibilnejši ipd. 61 % respondentov ne vidi prednosti v učenju na daljavo, ostali pa so povedali, da sedaj bolj cenijo delo v živo, osebni stik in da so postali bolj vešči uporabe informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije. Delo je zanje postalo manj stresno, v učilnice pa so uvedli nove oblike poučevanja. Raziskava je pokazala, da se različni tipi ustvarjalcev po Basadurjevem modelu ustvarjalnega reševanja problemov opredeljujejo kot različno ustvarjalni. The main aim of this Master’s thesis is to research creative behaviour of special and rehabilitation pedagogues and how it has adapted to change during the COVID-19 pandemic and the experience of enforced distance learning/teaching. Within this I have set five research questions in relation to the theme of the Master’s thesis, which will be presented further. Empirical part of the thesis is based on results from the completed questionnaire. 101 special and rehabilitation pedagogues participated in the study. Results have shown that 89% of participants viewed themselves as being creative. Their personal character traits have an impact on their creativity – most commonly mentioned are persistence, autonomy and curiosity. As positives aspects of distance learning they mentioned familiarising themselves with new tools for distance learning and finding new ways to communicate with their pupils. As main inhibitors they expressed lack of personal contact with their pupils, economic inequality amongst the pupils, lack of options for learning when more problems are present and distracting factors at home. 44% of the participants stated their teaching method has changed since returning to the classroom, as they started to value face-to-face teaching and in-person communication more, they became more motivated, more savvy in IT, more adaptable and flexible etc. 61% of the participants did not see distance learning as advantageous, while the rest stated that they appreciate personal contact and they manage information and communication technology better. Workload has become less stressful and they have implemented new teaching methods in the classrooms. The research showed that according to Basadur's model of creative problem solving, different types of creators are identifying themselves as differently creative

Magistrsko delo obravnava značilnosti prilagajanja študentov dodiplomskega in magistrskega študija na študij na daljavo v času epidemije COVID-19. Epidemija COVID-19 je spremenila dosedanjo dinamiko vseh ravni izobraževanja, izjema ni bila niti Fakulteta za šport. Študijski proces, ki je potekal znotraj predavalnic in športnih dvoran, se je v času epidemije COVID-19 odvijal znotraj domačih prostorov in prek računalniških zaslonov. Glavni namen dela sta analiza prilagajanja študentov Fakultete za šport na študij v virtualni obliki in analiza doživljanja študija na daljavo ter morebitnih stisk. Osredotočili smo se na njihove izobraževalne, psihosocialne, telesne in finančne vidike prilagajanja ter učinkovitost prilagajanja na prehod v novo življenjsko obdobje, samozaznane kompetence za študij in značilnosti spopadanja s posledicami epidemije COVID-19. Spletni vprašalnik je v celoti izpolnilo 165 študentov dodiplomskega in magistrskega študija na Fakulteti za šport. Rezultati so pokazali: a) da študentje 1. letnika prve stopnje študija niso imeli več težav pri prilagajanju na študij na daljavo kot študentje višjih letnikov b) da epidemija COVID-19 pomembno vpliva na psihosocialno in izobraževalno raven prilagajanja na študij c) da se finančno stanje študentov v času epidemije COVID-19 ni poslabšalo oz. niso čutili finančne stiske, zato ta ni imela vpliva na doživljanje študija na daljavo č) da upad kakovosti življenja med študijem na daljavo ni vplival na zaznavo kompetenc za študij. The master's thesis discusses the characteristics of the adaptation of undergraduate and master's students to distance learning during the COVID-19 epidemic. The COVID-19 epidemic has changed the current dynamics of all levels of education, and the Faculty of Sport was no exception. The study process which took place inside lecture halls and sports halls took place inside home spaces and via computer screens during the COVID-19 epidemic. The main purpose of the thesis is the analysis of the adaptation of the students of the Faculty of Sport to study in a virtual format and the analysis of the experience of distance learning and possible difficulties. We focused on their educational, psychosocial, physical, and financial perspectives of adaptation and the effectiveness of adaptation to the transition to a new life period, self-perceived competencies for studies, and characteristics of coping with the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic. The online questionnaire was completely filled out by 165 undergraduate and master's students at the Faculty of Sport. The results showed (a) that students in the first year of the first level of the study had no more problems adapting to distance learning than students in higher years, (b) that the COVID-19 epidemic has a significant impact on the psychosocial and educational level of adaptation to studies, (c) that the students’ financial situation did not deteriorate during the COVID-19 epidemic or that they did not feel financial hardship (therefore, this did not affect their experience of distance learning), and (d) that the decline in quality of life during distance learning did not affect the perception of study competencies.

V magistrski nalogi sem raziskovala izzive sodelovanja s starši v času šolanja na daljavo. V teoretičnemu delu sem se poglobila v teme sodelovanja med šolo in domom, v modele sodelovanja in v kompetence učiteljic za dobro sodelovanje s starši. Predstavila sem tudi vlogo in pomen družine za otrokov razvoj in napredek v šoli, opisala sem formalne in neformalne oblike sodelovanja s starši, predstavila šolanje na daljavo v času epidemije covid-19 ter rezultate raziskave izobraževanja na daljavo, dotaknila sem se duševnega zdravja otrok in mladostnikov v času epidemije covida-19 ter ranljivejših skupin, nato pa predstavila še računalniško pismenost učiteljic ter podporo ravnateljev v času šolanja na daljavo. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni načrt raziskave in dobljeni rezultati. Izvedla sem raziskavo o izzivih sodelovanja s starši v času šolanja na daljavo. Pripravila sem anketni vprašalnik za učiteljice in učitelje. Vzorec je bil 110 anketiranih. Zanimalo me je, ali učiteljicam predstavlja sodelovanje s starši v času šolanja na daljavo večji izziv kot v času običajnega šolanja ter s kakšnimi izzivi so se soočale. Rezultati kvantitativne in kvalitativne analize so pokazali, da je za večino učiteljic sodelovanje s starši v času šolanja na daljavo predstavljalo večji izziv kot pa v času običajnega šolanja. V največji meri so kot izzive navajale neodzivnost staršev, neustrezna komunikacija staršev ter pomanjkanje osebnega stika. Ocena kakovosti sodelovanja s starši pred šolanjem na daljavo je povezana z oceno v času šolanja na daljavo. Časovni obseg sodelovanja s starši se je v času šolanja na daljavo povečal. Boljša računalniška pismenost učiteljic je pripomogla k boljšemu virtualnemu sodelovanju s starši v času šolanja na daljavo. Raziskava je pokazala, da podpora kolektiva in ravnatelja ni pomembno povezana z večjim zadovoljstvom učiteljic pri sodelovanju s starši v času šolanja na daljavo. Ugotovitve raziskave nudijo vpogled v vidike izzivov, s katerimi se soočajo učiteljice in omogočajo boljše razumevanje njihovega dela v času šolanja na daljavo v povezavi s sodelovanjem s starši. In my master's thesis I explored the challenges of working with parents during distance schooling. In the theoretical part, I focused on the themes of school-home cooperation, models of cooperation and teachers' competences for good cooperation with parents. I also presented the role and importance of the family for the child's development and progress in school, I described formal and informal forms of cooperation with parents, I outlined distance schooling during the epidemic of covid-19 and the results of the research on distance schooling. I also looked at the mental health of children and adolescents during the epidemic of covid-19 and at vulnerable groups, and then I presented the computer literacy of teachers and the support of head teachers during distance schooling. The empirical part presents the research plan and the results of the research. I conducted a study on the challenges of working with parents during distance schooling. I prepared a questionnaire for teachers. The sample was 110 respondents. I wanted to know whether teachers found it more challenging to work with parents during distance schooling than during regular schooling and what challenges they faced. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed that most teachers found it more challenging to collaborate with parents during distance schooling than during regular schooling. Parental unresponsiveness, inadequate communication between parents and lack of personal contact were most frequently cited as challenges. The rating of the quality of engagement with parents before distance schooling is correlated with the rating during distance schooling. The amount of time spent with parents increased during distance schooling. Improved computer literacy of the teachers contributed to better virtual collaboration with parents during distance schooling. The survey showed that support from the team and the head teacher did not have a significant impact on increased satisfaction with working with parents during distance schooling. The findings of the study provide insights into aspects of the challenges faced by teachers and thus enable a better understanding of their work during distance schooling in relation to collaboration with parents.

Živimo v obdobju hitrih sprememb, zlasti sprememb, ki nam spreminjajo vsakdan in življenje. Sprememba, ki nas je vse presenetila, vendar ne na pozitiven način, je pojav epidemije covid-19. Epidemija nas je kljub negativnemu presenečenju naučila veliko novega in je postala del izkušnje človeškega življenja. Med epidemijo smo bili postavljeni na številne preizkušnje, borili smo se z virusom in prilagajali smo se spremembam. Epidemija covida-19 je negativno vplivala na samo gospodarstvo, trg dela in na brezposelnost tako v Sloveniji kot tudi povsod drugje po svetu. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. Samo delo je razdeljeno na šest vsebinskih poglavij, ki opisujejo vpliv covida-19 epidemije na brezposelnost v Sloveniji. V diplomskem delu sta uporabljeni metodi deskripcije in kompilacije. Opisane so predvsem vrste brezposelnosti, merjenja brezposelnosti, vpliv epidemije na brezposelnost ter negativni učinki le-te. V empiričnem delu pa smo na podlagi sekundarnih podatkov, pridobljenih iz različnih statističnih baz, primerjali brezposelnost med letoma 2018−2022 in same spremembe na tem področju. Cilj teoretičnega dela je izdelati pregled literature s pomočjo deskriptivne metode, medtem ko je cilj empiričnega dela v številkah primerjati stanje brezposelnosti in ugotoviti s pomočjo indeksov, tako verižnih kot baznih, kako se je spreminjala brezposelnost skozi leta. Na podlagi analize je dosežen namen diplomskega dela, in sicer ugotovilo se je, da se je stopnja brezposelnosti v času epidemije covida-19 najbolj povečala v panogi gostinstvo in da se je kljub sprejetim ukrepom za ohranjanje števila delovnih mest zaradi posledic epidemije covida-19 število le-teh zmanjšalo. We live in an era of rapid changes, especially changes that to our everyday life and our personal health. A change that surprised us all, but not in a positive way, was the emergence of the Covid-19 epidemic. Despite the negative surprise, the epidemic taught us a lot and became a part of the experience of human life. During the epidemic, we were put through many tests, we fought the virus and we adapted to the changes. The Covid-19 epidemic had a negative impact on the economy itself, the labor market, and unemployment both in Slovenia and everywhere else in the world. The thesis consists of theoretical and empirical work. The work itself is divided into six substantive chapters that describe the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on unemployment in Slovenia. The method of description and compilation were used in the thesis. Above all, the types of unemployment, the measurement of unemployment, the impact of the epidemic on unemployment, and its negative effects are described. In the empirical part, we compared unemployment between 2018-2022 and the changes in this area on the basis of secondary data obtained from various statistical databases. The aim of the theoretical work was to produce a review of the literature, using the descriptive method, while the aim of the empirical work was to compare the unemployment situation in numbers and to find out, with the help of indexes, both chain and base, how unemployment has changed over the years. Based on the analysis, the aim of the thesis has been achieved, namely it was found that the unemployment rate during the Covid-19 epidemic increased the most in the healthcare industry and that, despite the measures taken to maintain the number of jobs, due to the consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic, the number reduced.

Z magistrskim delom želimo predstaviti poučevanje na daljavo pri predmetu šport na Osnovni šoli dr. Alojzija Šuštarja Ljubljana med drugim valom epidemije COVID-19, ki je trajal od 19. 10. 2020 do 12. 2. 2021. Cilji so bili ugotoviti, kako so učitelji predmeta šport (N = 3) izvajali pouk na daljavo, s katerimi programskimi orodji so si pri tem pomagali in kako so podajali, preverjali ter ocenjevali znanje učencev. Raziskali smo, kako je ravnateljica organizirala delovanje celotne šole in kako je vrednotila delo učiteljev predmeta šport. Pri učencih od 6. do 9. razreda (N = 197) smo želeli ugotoviti, kako so doživljali pouk na daljavo pri predmetu šport in preveriti, ali so bili zadostno telesno dejavni ter kje so bili dejavni. Z učitelji predmeta šport in ravnateljico smo izvedli intervjuje, medtem ko smo z učenci izvedli ankete v živo. Pridobljene podatke pri intervjujih smo analizirali s tehniko kvalitativnega raziskovanja. Statistično obdelavo podatkov pri anketah smo analizirali s tehniko kvantitativnega raziskovanja v programu IBM SPSS 25. Pri tem smo uporabili enovzorčni t-test in enosmerni 2 test. Primerjavo smo izvedli pri stopnji tveganja 5 %. Ravnateljica trdi, da je bilo težje organizirati pouk na daljavo, saj je porabila več časa. Zaradi dobre organizacije je uspešno vodila strokovne delavce na šoli. Delo aktiva učiteljev športa je ocenila pozitivno, pohvalila je njihov trud in številne inovativne pristope poučevanja. Učitelji športa so večinoma kombinirali pouk (pošiljali pisna navodila za izvedbo učnih ur in izvajali pouk v živo prek videokonference) in pri tem uporabljali različna programska orodja (računalnik, kamero, telefon). Pri tem so se v večini osredotočali na cilje, povezane z razumevanjem pomena gibanja in s prijetnim ter pozitivnim doživljanjem športa. Ponudili so prilagojene športne praktične in teoretične vsebine. Posredovali so jih različno in ne v zaključenih tematskih sklopih. Učitelji so sproti preverjali opravljene naloge prek oddanih nalog in preverjali znanje s sodelovanjem pri pouku ter z reševanjem kvizov. Znanja so tudi ocenili s pregledom športne mape in učenčevega vodenja vadbe v živo. Neodzivnih učencev je bilo manj kot 10 %. Učitelji so jih poskušali pridobiti tako, da so jih motivirali za vadbo, jim pošiljali sporočila ali se povezovali s starši. Statistično značilne razlike smo ugotovili med priporočljivo dnevno telesno dejavnostjo (tj. 60 minut na dan) po priporočilih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije in dejansko poročano telesno dejavnostjo učencev. V povprečju so bili telesno dejavni 102 minuti/dan, od tega 43 minut zelo intenzivno. Med izvedbo ur športa so bili učenci najpogosteje telesno dejavni v naravi. Kot najbolj zanimive so ocenili tiste učne ure, kjer so vadili v živo prek videoklica, vendar razlike med različnimi izvedbami ur niso bile statistično značilne. Najbolj zanimive športne vsebine pri učencih so bile igre z žogo, splošna kondicijska priprava in kolesarjenje, pri učenkah pa pohodništvo, kolesarjenje in ples. Ob koncu raziskave smo navedli smernice dobre prakse poučevanja predmeta šport na daljavo, ki bodo v pomoč učiteljem v primeru ponovnega zaprtja šol. With the master's thesis we want to present distance learning in physical education (PE) at the primary school of dr. Alojzija Šuštarja Ljubljana during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic, which lasted from 19.10.2020 to 12.02.2021. The aims were to find out how PE teachers (N=3) conducted distance learning, what software tools they used to support it, and how they taught, monitored, and assessed students' knowledge. We investigated how the head teacher organised the functioning of the entire school and how she evaluated the work of the PE teachers. For the 6th-9th grade students (N=197), we wanted to find out how they experienced distance learning in PE, and check whether they were getting enough physical activity and where they were active. We conducted interviews with the PE teachers and the head master, and live surveys with the students. The data obtained from the interviews were analysed using the qualitative research technique. Statistical processing of the survey data was analysed using the quantitative research technique in the programme IBM SPSS 25. We used the one-sample t-test and the one-way 2-test. The comparison was performed with a risk level of 5 %. The head master claims that it was more difficult to organise distance learning because she invested more time. Due to her good organisational skills, she successfully managed the professionals at the school. She evaluated the work of the PE teachers positively, praising their efforts and many innovative teaching approaches. The PE teachers mostly practised hybrid teaching (sending written instructions on how to conduct the lesson and conducting the lesson live via videoconference) and used various software tools to assist them (computer, camera, telephone). They focused mainly on objectives related to understanding the importance of exercise and an enjoyable and positive experience of sport. They offered tailored sports practical and theoretical content. They were delivered differently and not in closed thematic groups. Teachers checked completed tasks against submitted assignments and verified knowledge through class participation and quizzing. Knowledge was also checked through inspection of the students' sports portfolio and live practise management. Less than 10 % of students did not respond to the tasks. The teachers tried to motivate the students by encouraging them to participate in sports, texting them, or contacting their parents. Statistically significant differences were found between the daily physical activity (i.e., 60 minutes per day) by recommendations of the World Health Organisation and the actual physical activity reported by the students. On average, they were physically active for 102 minutes per day, of which 43 minutes were very intense. The students were most physically active there in nature during PE classes. The classes where the training took place live via video call, were rated as the most interesting, but the differences between the different classes were not statistically significant. The most interesting sports for male students were ball games, general conditioning, and cycling, for female students they were walking, cycling and dancing. At the end of the study, we created best practice guidelines for PE at a distance, which will help teachers if the schools are closed again.

Problemski okvir naloge predstavlja obstanek turistične panoge v času epidemije covida-19. Opravljena je bila raziskava, kako so izbrane države poskrbele za preprečitev gospodarske katastrofe, od katere si še danes nismo celostno opomogli. Razlog za raziskovanje je bil, da je bil turizem ena od bolj prizadetih panog v času epidemije. Cilj naloge je bil dosežen z zbiranjem podatkov uradnih strani držav. Ubrani sta bili predvsem metoda analize podatkov in primerjalna metoda, s katerima se je enačilo države eno z drugo, s pomočjo SWOT- in PESTEL-analize držav pa se lažje razumelo sprejemanje določenih ukrepov. V okviru analize je bilo ugotovljeno, da so države krizo turizma doživljale v letu 2020, leta 2021 pa so že sledile številkam pred epidemijo. Najmanj ukrepov za turizem je sprejela Hrvaška, največ pa Avstrija in Italija. Slovenija je tudi sicer zelo dobro poskrbela za okrevanje panoge. Ker je naloga pretežno družboslovne primerjalne narave, je tudi izkazan prispevek viden predvsem kot praktičen za uporabo širšemu gospodarstvu pri soočanju z zdravstvenimi katastrofami, kot je epidemija covida-19. Če bi se v prihodnosti ponovila podobna situacija, bi iz naloge lahko prejeli informacije, kako so se s situacijo soočali v preteklosti. The survival of the tourism sector in times of the Covid-19 epidemic represents the framework of our problem. We wanted to investigate how the selected countries have taken steps to prevent an economic catastrophe, from which we have still not fully recovered. The reason for this research is that tourism was one of the most affected industries during the epidemic, which led me to the desire to investigate the situation. The aim of the assignment was achieved by collecting data from the official websites of the countries concerned, mainly by using the method of data analysis and the comparative method, which was used to compare the countries with each other and to better understand the measures, which were taken by the countries by means of a SWOT and PESTEL analysis of the countries. The analysis found that countries were experiencing a tourism crisis in 2020, and by 2021 they were already tracking pre- epidemic figures. Croatia has taken the least preventive measures, while Austria and Italy have taken the most. Slovenia has also done very well to recover this sector. As the thesis is mainly of a comparative social science nature, the contribution made is also seen as practical for the wider economy to use in dealing with health-concerning disasters such as the Covid-19 epidemic. Should a similar situation occur in the future, the thesis could provide information on how the situation has been dealt with in the past.

Z magistrskim delom sva raziskovali vpliv epidemije covida-19 na osamljenost stanovalcev Koroškega doma starostnikov – poslovne enote Slovenj Gradec (v nadaljevanju: KDS – PE SG). V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela sva se osredotočili na staranje prebivalstva ter njegove posledice v današnji družbi. Opisali sva dolgotrajno oskrbo, pomen družine v starosti, medosebne odnose, socialno mrežo, čustva v starosti ter osamljenost. Teoretični del sva zaključili s poglavjem o poznavanju potreb starih ljudi kot temeljni usmeritvi na področju raziskovanja in razvoja dolgotrajne oskrbe. V raziskavi sva uporabili kvalitativno metodologijo, podatke pa zbirali z individualnimi intervjuji stanovalcev, ki so bili izvedeni s pomočjo polstrukturiranega intervjuja. V raziskavi sva se osredotočili na tri vidike življenja stanovalcev v času epidemije: odnos med stanovalci in sorodniki, odnos med stanovalci in zaposlenimi v domu ter na socialno življenje znotraj doma. Z rezultati sva ugotovili, da je večina stanovalcev navedla vsaj enega sorodnika, s katerim je med epidemijo ostala v stiku. Vzdrževanje stikov je v obdobju epidemije predstavljalo izziv. Na podlagi rezultatov sva pripravili predloge, za katere upava, da bodo v prihodnje pripomogli k dobrim praksam doma (npr. uvedba IP telefonije, ki bi stanovalcem omogočala lažje in brezplačno telefonsko komunikacijo znotraj doma, preoblikovanje dejavnosti na način, da se premestijo v sobe stanovalcev oz. se dejavnosti izvajajo znotraj posamezne enote doma ...). In this master thesis, we investigated the covid-19 epidemic's impact on the loneliness of the residents of the Koroškega doma starostnikov – poslovne enote Slovenj Gradec (hereafter: KDS - PE SG). In the theoretical part of the master thesis, we focused on the aging of the population and its consequences in today's society. We described long-term care, the importance of family for the elderly, interpersonal relationships, the social network, emotions in old age, and loneliness. We concluded the theoretical part with a chapter on understanding the needs of the elderly as a fundamental orientation for research and development in long-term care. In the research, we used qualitative methodology and collected data through individual interviews of residents, which were conducted using a semi-structured interview. We focused on three aspects of the residents' lives during the epidemic: the relationship between residents and relatives, the relationship between residents and staff in the elderly home, and social life within the home. The results showed that the majority of the residents had remained in contact during the epidemic with at least one relative. Staying in contact was a challenge during the epidemic. After analysing the results, we proposed ideas that we believe will contribute to good practices in the home in the future. The suggestions include the implementation of IP telephony to allow residents to communicate easier and free of charge by telephone with other residents, redesigning activities so that they are relocated to residents' rooms or activities are carried out within each unit of the home, etc.).

V diplomski nalogi sem raziskovala socialno anksioznost študentk in študentov Fakultete za socialno delo med epidemijo Covid-19. Epidemija je močno spremenila naša življenja. Ukrepi so predvsem omejili tudi študentska življenja. Iz svojih izkušenj lahko povem, da je epidemija vplivala na duševno zdravje mladih, velikokrat sem pa tudi slišala, da so se počutili socialno anksiozni, zato sem želela to stanje preveriti. Diplomsko delo se začenja s teoretičnim delom, ki je nastal s pomočjo različne literature. Predstavila sem socialno anksioznost, njene simptome, predvsem na telesni, čustveni, vedenjski in kognitivni ravni, dejavnike, razvoj in tehnike pomoči. Nato sem prešla na temo epidemije, ukrepov in pomoči za študente. Nazadnje pa sem raziskala socialno delo v izrednih razmerah, uporabljene tehnike in razlike med prvim ter drugim valom epidemije. Ker sem v svojo raziskavo vključila samo študente Fakultete za socialno delo, sem lahko tudi preverila, kakšno izkušnjo so imeli z odzivanjem socialnega dela na izredne razmere. Izvedla sem kvantitativno raziskavo, v kateri sem preverila svoja raziskovalna vprašanja in hipoteze. Rezultati spletne ankete med študenti Fakultete za socialno delo so pokazali, da je več kot polovica študentov med epidemijo pri sebi opazila socialno anksioznost, a se po preverjanju posameznih simptomov na čustveni, vedenjski, kognitivni in telesni ravni ni poznala bistvena razlika med doživljanjem socialne anksioznosti pred in med epidemijo. Pomoči si večinoma niso poiskali. Tako s svojo študijsko prakso kot učinkovitostjo odzivanja socialnega dela na izredne razmere so bili zadovoljni. Vloga pomagajočega v času epidemije je pomagala ublažiti lastno socialno anksioznost. In my diploma thesis, I researched the social anxiety of male and female students of the Faculty of Social Work during the Covid-19 epidemic. The epidemic has greatly changed our lives. The measures mainly limited the lives of students. From my experience, I saw that the epidemic affected the mental health of young people, but I also heard many times that they felt socially anxious, so I wanted to check this situation. In my diploma, I first presented the theoretical part, where I browsed the literature. I presented social anxiety, its symptoms - mainly on the physical, emotional, behavioral and cognitive levels, factors, development and help techniques. Then I moved on to the subject of the epidemic, measures and help for students. Finally, I researched social work in extreme situations, the techniques used and the differences between the first and second wave of the epidemic. Since I included only students of the Faculty of Social Work in my research, I was also able to check what kind of experience they had with social work responding to emergency situations. I conducted a quantitative research in which I tested my research questions and hypotheses. The results of an online survey among students of the Faculty of Social Work showed that more than half of the students noticed social anxiety during the epidemic. But after checking individual symptoms on an emotional, behavioral, cognitive and physical level, no significant difference was found between the experience of social anxiety before and during the epidemic. For the most part, they did not seek help. They were satisfied with both their study practice and the effectiveness of social work's response to emergency situations. The role of helper during the epidemic helped alleviate their own social anxiety.

V magistrskem delu raziskujem, kako poteka delo svetovalnih delavk v vrtcu in s kakšnimi ovirami se pri tem soočajo. Ker se osredotočam le na svetovalne delavke, ki so po izobrazbi socialne delavke, raziskujem konkreten prispevek stroke socialnega dela v svetovalnem delu vrtca. Zanima me tudi, kakšna je njihova vloga pri vključevanju otrok s posebnimi potrebami in otrok priseljencev v vrtec. Poleg tega pa je namen magistrskega dela raziskati še potek svetovalnega dela v času epidemije Covid-19. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela najprej predstavim svetovalno službo v vrtcu in opišem različna znanja ter spretnosti, ki so potrebna za svetovalno delo z otroki. Nadalje povežem svetovalno službo z različnimi koncepti in znanji stroke socialnega dela. Pozornost namenim tudi inkluziji otrok s posebnimi potrebami in otrok priseljencev v vrtec. Teoretični del zaključim s predstavitvijo svetovalne službe vrtca v času epidemije Covid-19. V empiričnem delu predstavim rezultate, ki sem jih pridobila s pomočjo delno standardiziranih intervjujev. Intervjuje sem opravila s šestimi socialnimi delavkami, ki so zaposlene v svetovalni službi vrtca. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da svetovalne delavke svoje delo najpogosteje povezujejo s povezovanjem, z načrtovanjem, s koordinacijo in z evalvacijo dela. Pri svojem delu sodelujejo z otroci, s starši, s strokovnimi delavci, z vodstvom in z zunanjimi institucijami. Sodelovanje z otroci najpogosteje poteka preko opazovanja in igre v oddelku, z ostalimi pomembnimi udeleženimi pa preko pogovorov in sestankov. Ugotovitve kažejo, da svetovalne delavke uporabljajo določene koncepte in spretnosti socialnega dela, predvsem koncept delovnega odnosa in njegove elemente ter koncept soustvarjanja. Pri delu pa bi potrebovale še nekatera znanja, ki jih študij socialnega dela ne zajema (npr. znanje iz predšolske vzgoje in delo z otroki s posebnimi potrebami). Svetovalne delavke so vključene v inkluzijo otrok s posebnimi potrebami in otrok priseljencev v vrtec preko različnih nalog (koordinacija in organizacija dela, priprava individualnega načrta pomoči, učenje jezika, pomoč pri prevajanju, nudenje podpore in pomoči, sodelovanje pri organizaciji tečajev ipd.). Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je delo svetovalne delavke v času epidemije potekalo večino časa na daljavo, pri čemer so izpostavile oviro – pomanjkanje osebnega stika, tako z otroki, kot tudi z ostalimi. Predvsem so največ pozornosti namenile otrokom s posebnimi potrebami in njihovim staršem. Pomembni nalogi svetovalnih delavk v tem času sta bili nudenje podpore in pomoči ter pripravljanje različnih smernic in gradiva za starše in strokovne delavce. In the master's thesis, I study the work of counselors in kindergartens and what kind of obstacles they face. Since the focus being solely on counselors who are social workers by education, I am investigating the actual contribution of the social work profession in counseling in kindergartens. I am also interested in their role in the inclusion of children with special needs and children of immigrants in kindergarten. In addition, the purpose of the master's thesis is to investigate the course of counseling during the Covid-19 epidemic. In the theoretical part of the master's thesis, I first present counseling service in a kindergarten and describe the various skills and knowledge that is necessary for counseling with children. Furthermore, I connect counseling service with various concepts and skills of the social work profession. I also pay attention to the inclusion of children with special needs and children of immigrants in kindergarten. I conclude the theoretical part with a presentation of kindergarten counseling services during the Covid-19 epidemic. In the empirical part, I present the results I obtained with the help of partially standardized interviews. I conducted interviews with six social workers who are employed in kindergarten counseling services. The results of the research showed that female counselors associate their work most often with integration, planning, coordination and work evaluation. They work together with children, parents, professionals, management and external institutions. Working with children most often takes place through observation and play in the department, and with other important participants through conversations and meetings. The findings show that counselors use certain concepts and skills of social work, especially the concept of working relationship and its elements, and the concept of co-creation. At work, you would also need some knowledge that is not covered by social work education (e.g. knowledge of preschool education and work with special needs children). Counselors are involved in the inclusion of children of immigrants and special needs children in kindergarten through various tasks (coordination and organization of work, preparation of an individual assistance plan, language learning, translation assistance, offering support and assistance, participation in the organization of courses, etc.). The results of the research showed that during the epidemic the consultant's work was carried out most of the time remotely from home, highlighting an obstacle – the lack of personal contact with children as with others. Their attention was mostly devoted to the children with special needs and their parents. The important tasks of the counselors during this period were to offer support and help, and to prepare various guidelines and materials for parents and professionals.

Diplomsko delo predstavlja vpliv epidemije Covid-19 v Sloveniji na vladno regulacijo rekreativnega športa, s katero se je omejevalo širjenje novega virusa med športniki, ki so se ukvarjali z rekreativnim športom. Šport kot sam je izredno ključen dejavnik v življenju, ki zagotavlja ne samo telesno, temveč tudi duševno in socialno zdravje, s čimer se kakovost življenja in življenjskega sloga posameznika učinkovito izboljša. To pa je začelo trpeti, ko je ob pojavu koronavirusa vlada začenjala s sprejemanjem ukrepov za preprečevanje širjenja virusa. Namen diplomskega dela je bilo ugotoviti, kako močno je sama epidemija vplivala na rekreativni šport med posamezniki v Sloveniji. Prikazati smo želeli stanje regulacije rekreativnega športa pred epidemijo Covid-19 ter med epidemijo. Želeli smo pokazati tudi spremembe v načinu rekreacije pred in med epidemijo ter spremembe v psihofizičnih sposobnostih med rekreativnimi športniki, pri čemer nam je bila v pomoč spletna anketa. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil raziskati, kako je epidemija Covid-19 vplivala na rekreativni šport v Sloveniji ter tako prikazati dejansko vključevanje države pri omejevanju oziroma spodbujanju rekreativnega športa. Prav tako je bil cilj diplomskega dela pridobitev zadostnih in celovitih povratnih informacij anketirancev, ki so nam s tem podali vpogled v neposredni vpliv sprejetih vladnih ukrepov na njihove rekreativne navade, s čimer smo pridobili odličen vpogled v to, ali je vlada sprejemala kakovostne in učinkovite ukrepe, ki so skrbeli za zajezitev epidemije. This diploma thesis presents the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic in Slovenia based on the government's regulation of recreational sports, which was used to limit the spread of the new virus among athletes who were involved in recreational sports. Sport itself is an extremely crucial factor in life, ensuring not only people's physical health, but also mental and social health, thus effectively improving the quality of lifestyle of the individuals. However, the recreational sports began to suffer when the government started taking measures to prevent the spread of the virus when the new coronavirus appeared. The purpose of this diploma work was therefore to find out how strongly the epidemic itself has affected recreational sports among individuals in Slovenia. I wanted to introduce the state of regulation of recreational sports before the Covid-19 epidemic and also during the epidemic with all the restrictive measures. The purpose of this diploma thesis was also to prove the changes in the way of recreation before, as well as during the epidemic, in psychophysical abilities among recreational athletes, where an online survey helped me to get all the necessary results to interpret. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the Covid-19 epidemic affected recreational sports in Slovenia and thus show the actual involvement of the government in limiting and promoting recreational sports as a necessary help of being immune to the new disease. The aim of the diploma thesis was also to obtain sufficient and comprehensive feedback from respondents, which then gave me an insight into the direct impact of government measures on their recreational habits, what helped me to get excellent insight into whether the government has taken quality and effective measures with taking care of curbing the epidemic in Slovenia.

Človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine ljudem podajo podlago za aktivno in varno življenje. Ob zaznavi njihovih kršitev se posamezniki za pomoč obrnejo na Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije. V času epidemije covida-19 je za omejitev širjenja bolezni Vlada Republike Slovenije morala prednostno sprejeti številne ukrepe. Omejitve so občutno vplive na različna področja, kot je prikazala preobremenjenost zdravstvenega sistema, ter na ranljive skupine ljudi, izmed katerih so posledice močno občutili otroci. Omejitve so povzročile povečanje števila obravnavanih pobud v povezavi z epidemijo covida-19 pri Varuhu. Omenjeno mi je podalo navdih za podrobnejšo analizo teh pobud, ter raziskovanju vpliva epidemije covida-19 na delo Varuha človekovih pravic RS. S ciljem raziskati kršitve človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin v povezavi z epidemijo covida-19 na področju zdravstvenega varstva in področju pravic otrok, sem za dosego tega uporabila deskriptivno metodo, analizo primerov in splošno statistično analizo. Ta je na področju zdravstvenega varstva prikazala, da se število obravnavanih pobud v povezavi z epidemijo covida-19 na omenjenem področju v letu 2020 v primerjavi s prejšnjimi leti ni znatno zvišalo. Na področju pravic otrok je analiza potrdila povečanje kršitev pravice do enakosti pred zakonom po 14. členu Ustave Republike Slovenije v povezavi z obravnavanimi pobudami, ki so bile v povezavi z epidemijo covida-19. Delo stroki poda informacije o kršitvah človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin v času epidemije covida-19 na področju zdravstvenega varstva in pravic otrok, prikaže odnos organov do varovanja človekovih pravic in poudari pomembnost njihovega upoštevanja. Human rights and fundamental freedoms give people the basis for an active and safe life. When violations are detected, individuals turn to the Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia for help. During the covid-19 epidemic, in order to limit the spread of the disease, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia had to take a number of measures as a matter of priority. The restrictions had a significant impact on various areas, as shown by the overload of the health system, and on vulnerable groups of people, the consequences of which were strongly felt by children. The restrictions resulted in an increase in the number of initiatives being considered in connection with the covid-19 epidemic at Ombudsman. The aforementioned gave me inspiration for a more detailed analysis of these initiatives, as well as research into the impact of the covid-19 epidemic on the work of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia. With the aim of investigating violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in connection with the covid-19 epidemic in the field of health care and the field of children's rights, I used a descriptive method, case analysis and general statistical analysis to achieve this. In the field of health care, this showed that the number of initiatives discussed in connection with the covid-19 epidemic in the aforementioned field did not increase significantly in 2020 compared to previous years. In the area of children's rights, the analysis confirmed the increase in violations of the right to equality before the law according to Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia in connection with the discussed initiatives, which were related to the covid-19 epidemic. The work provides information to the profession on violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms during the covid-19 epidemic in the field of health care and children's rights, shows the attitude of the authorities to the protection of human rights and emphasizes the importance of their consideration.

Namen magistrskega dela je bil analizirati izvedbo in organizacijo športnih dni na daljavo za učence predmetne stopnje v času prvega in drugega vala epidemije covida-19. V raziskavo smo vključili 381 osnovnošolskih učiteljev športa, kar predstavlja 30 % celotne populacije. Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo spletnega vprašalnika in jih obdelali v programu SPSS. Poleg osnovne statistike smo uporabili še Wilcoxonov test, Kruskal-Wallisov test, test predznaka, Friedmanov test, dvosmerni hi-kvadrat test ali Fisherjev eksaktni test, če je bil vzorec manjši. Raziskava je pokazala, da je 90 % učiteljev izvedlo vsaj en športni dan na daljavo, v največji meri pa so učitelji izvedli dva, enega v prvem in enega v drugem valu, zato med valovoma ni prišlo do razlik v številu športnih dni. Med vsebinami so učitelji najpogosteje ponudili pohodništvo, naravne oblike gibanja in vaje za moč, v drugem valu pa so dodali še zimske dejavnosti. Športni dnevi so bili lahko kombinacije več vsebin, vključevali pa so tudi teoretične vsebine in medpredmetne povezave. Ugotovili smo, da so v najpogosteje potekali zunaj oziroma zunaj in doma. Učitelji so se organizacije lotili na različne načine, pri čemer med valovoma ni prišlo do razlik. Organizacija športnega dne na daljavo je večini učiteljev vzela več časa, vendar je bila za polovico enostavnejša v primerjavi s klasičnim športnim dnem. Največ težav so učitelji imeli z zagotavljanjem varnosti ob samostojni izvedbi športnih dni, pa tudi s preverjanjem opravljenih dejavnosti. Športnih dni na daljavo ne moremo primerjati s klasično obliko. Kljub temu da niso bili dovolj dolgi in niso dosegali vseh ciljev športnih dni po učnem načrtu, so bili izrednega pomena. Učitelji so s športnimi dnevi spodbudili učence h gibanju in jih razbremenili, kar je bilo med šolanjem na daljavo izrednega pomena. Oblikovali smo tudi smernice za izpeljavo športnega dne na daljavo, že dobro izvedenim primerom športnih dni pa smo dodali možne izboljšave, ki lahko pomagajo učiteljem pri lastni organizaciji športnega dne in jih opozorijo na mogoče napake oziroma pomanjkljivosti. Tako bodo lažje izbrali primerno vsebino (glede na vreme, okolje, starost in sposobnosti učencev) in športni dan organizirali učinkovito, dovolj intenzivno in varno. Pri tem bodo lahko uporabljali različna gradiva, pedagoške pristope in informacijsko-komunikacijsko tehnologijo. The purpose of the Master’s thesis was to analyse the conduct and organisation of sports days during distance learning for subject level students. The first and second wave of the covid-19 epidemic were observed. The research included 381 physical education teachers, which represents 30 % of the entire population. We collected the data using an online questionnaire and processed them with the software SPSS. In addition to the basic statistics, the Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, sign test, Friedman’s test, two-way chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test in case of a smaller sample were also used. The research showed that 90 % of teachers conducted at least one sports day, but mostly teachers conducted two sports days, one during the first and one during the second wave of epidemic covid-19, therefore there were no major differences in the number of sports days between the two waves. Concerning the content, teachers mostly offer hiking, basic movement activities and strength exercises, and during the second wave they also added winter activities. Sports days could be a combination of several contents, but they also included theoretical contents and cross-curricular issues. We found that they most often took place outside or outside and at home. Teachers approached their organisation in different ways, where there were no differences between the waves. For the majority of teachers the organisation took more time, but just for half the organisation was easier compared to a classic sports day. Teachers had the most trouble with safety assurance during independently performed sports days, as well as with checking the completion of activities. Implementation of sports days during distance learning cannot be compared with the classic form. Despite the fact that they were not long enough and did not reach all the objectives of sports days according to the curriculum, they were of significant importance. With sports days, teachers encouraged students to move and relieved them of pressure, which was crucial during distance schooling. We formed guidelines for conducting a sports day during distance learning and added possible improvements to the already well-conducted examples of sports days, which can help teachers with their own organisation of a sports day and warn them of possible mistakes or shortcomings. This will make it easier for teachers to choose the appropriate content (considering the weather, environment, age and ability of the students) and to organise the sports day effectively, sufficiently intense and safe. In doing so, they will be able to use various materials, pedagogical approaches and information and communication technology.

V diplomskem delu obravnavam tematiko doživljanja študija na daljavo med študentkami na Fakulteti za socialno delo. Zanima me, kako so študentke doživljale študij na daljavo, kako so se spremenile vsakodnevne rutine v času covida-19, s kakšnimi izzivi so se soočale in kako se je skozi epidemijo spremenil odnos študentk do njih samih in drugih. V raziskavo so vkljucˇene študentke Fakultete za socialno delo, ki sem jih pridobila na podlagi neslučajnostnega vzorca. V teoreticˇnem uvodu se najprej osredotočim na epidemijo covida-19 in ukrepe države, ki so relevantni za študente. Nato se osredotočim na vpliv, ki ga je epidemija imela na študijski proces, na sindrom utrujenosti od Zooma in na doživljanje študijskega procesa na daljavo glede na spol. V nadaljevanju opredelim duševno zdravje in ga povežem še z epidemijo covida-19. Nadaljujem z vsakodnevnim življenjem v času epidemije in teoretični uvod zaključim s socialnim delom v izrednih razmerah. Empirični del zajema predstavitev raziskovalnega problema z raziskovalnimi vprašanji in metodologijo. Sledijo rezultati, razprava in sklepi. Z raziskavo sem ugotovila, da je bilo doživljanje študija na daljavo sprva sproščeno in razbremenjujoče, čez čas pa je postalo stresno in monotono. Profesorji so bili na začetku študija na daljavo izgubljeni in neorganizirani, kasneje so postali bolj organizirani. Študentke so imele v času prvega zaprtja države veliko energije, v času drugega zaprtja pa so bile vse sodelujoče brez energije in so imele občutek, da je njihovo življenje monotono. Nekatere študentke so imele v času zaprtja svojo sobo, spet druge so bile brez mirnega prostora. V času epidemije so se študentke osredotočile na osebnostno rast, mir in čas zase. Vse študentke so stike med epidemijo vzdrževale prek spletnih platform. V času zaprtja so vse doživljale duševne stike v različnih oblikah. Soočale so se s paničnimi napadi, jokom, depresijo, osamljenostjo in utesnjenostjo. The diploma thesis addresses the perceptions of remote learning among female students at the Faculty of Social Work. I wanted to explore how female students experienced remote learning, how their daily routines changed during the COVID-19 epidemic, what challenges they encountered, and how their relationship with themselves and with others changed throughout the epidemic. The participants in the research were female students from the Faculty of Social Work that were selected based on a non-probability sample. In the theoretical part I first focused on the COVID-19 epidemic and on the state’s measures that were relevant for higher education students. This part is followed by the analysis of the impact that the epidemic had on the learning process, of the Zoom fatigue syndrome and of the perception of remote learning based on sex. Furthermore, I defined mental health and how the COVID-19 epidemic affected it. I also addressed the topic of everyday life during the epidemic and concluded the theoretical introduction with an analysis of social work in emergency situations. The empirical part includes a presentation of the research problem, the research questions and the applied methodology. This is followed by the results, the discussion and conclusions. The research shows that at first remote learning was perceived as relaxing and relieving, however, with time it became stressful and monotonous. When remote learning was first introduced, professors were disoriented and unorganized, however, as time passed, they became more organized. The female students reported to have had high levels of energy during the first lockdown, whereas during the second lockdown all participating students had very low levels of energy and felt that their life was monotonous. During the lockdown some female students had their own rooms, while others didn’t have access to a quiet space. They focused on their personal growth and peace, as well as on taking time for themselves. During the epidemic all the female students who participated in the research kept in contact with other people through online platforms. During the lockdown they all experienced different forms of psychological distress. They experienced panic attacks, crying spells, depression, loneliness and anxiety.

V diplomskem delu sem raziskovala primerjavo socialnega dela v domovih v podravski regiji pred epidemijo in med epidemijo. Ugotovila sem, kje so se pojavile spremembe in na katerih področjih je prišlo do največjega razlikovanja. Raziskovala sem tudi posledice, ki so jih ukrepi za zajezitev epidemije vnesli v domove. V teoretičnem delu sem predstavila tematiko staranja prebivalstva, nadaljevala sem z opisom socialnega dela s starimi ljudmi in se osredotočila tudi na socialno delo v domovih za stare. Predstavila sem vpliv covida-19 na zdravje in življenje starih ljudi, zadnje poglavje v teoretičnem delu pa sem namenila ukrepom za zajezitev covida-19 v domovih za stare in vplivu, ki so ga ti ukrepi pustili na domovih in stanovalcih. Raziskava je kvalitativna, opravila sem intervjuje s sedmimi socialnimi delavkami, ki so bile pred in med epidemijo zaposlene v domu za stare v podravski regiji. Rezultati so pokazali dokaj soroden potek dela med domovi, vključenimi v raziskavo pred epidemijo. Soroden je način dela med domovi med samo epidemijo. Pred epidemijo so interakcije v domovih potekale neposredno preko fizičnih kontaktov, prav tako pa je domsko življenje potekalo neovirano. Med epidemijo pa so interakcije potekale posredno, torej preko medijev, kot sta telefon in računalnik, z minimalnim fizičnim kontaktom domov z zunanjim svetom in oviranim potekom družbenega domskega življenja. Delo zaposlenih v domovih se je spremenilo čez noč, bili so postavljeni pred mnoge izzive, hkrati pa so bile spremembe zelo težke tudi za stanovalce in sorodnike. Socialno delo je bilo med epidemijo postavljeno pred preizkušnjo. Socialne delavke so se v času epidemije soočale s povečanim obsegom dela, kar je vodilo v časovno stisko in posledično podaljšane delovnike. Bile so izpostavljene psihičnemu in fizičnemu naporu, kar je vodilo v preobremenjenost in izgorelost. Opravljale pa niso zgolj dela na svojem področju, temveč so pomagale na vseh domskih področjih, kjer je primanjkovalo kadra. Interpretacija rezultatov kaže na področja, ki bi jih v prihodnje morali izboljšati, kar se tiče izkušenj in potreb stanovalcev, sorodnikov in zaposlenih. Menim, da bi bilo v prihodnje učinkovito raziskati, kako se pripraviti na postopanje ob ponovni epidemiji. Domovi morajo imeti krizne načrte za omejevanje okužb in prerazporejanje stanovalcev, prav tako pa mora biti skozi izobraževanja in podporne skupine poskrbljeno tudi za zaposlene, ki so izpostavljeni delu v izrednih razmerah. In my thesis I researched the comparison of social work in homes in the Podravska region before and during the epidemic. I discovered where the changes took place and in which areas there was the greatest differentiation. I researched the consequences that measures to contain the epidemic have brought to homes. In the theoretical part, I presented the topic of population aging, continued with a description of social work with the elderly and also focused on social work in nursing homes. I presented the impact of covid-19 on the health and lives of the elderly, and the last chapter in the theoretical part was focused on ways to restrict covid-19 in nursing homes and the impact that these measures have left on homes and residents. My research is qualitative, the basic material I used is a book by Jana Mali, entitled Od hiralnic do domov za stare ljudi. I conducted interviews with seven social workers who were employed in nursing homes in the Podravska region before and during the epidemic. The results showed a fairly similar workflow between the homes included in the pre-epidemic study. The results also showed that homes for older people were operating in a similar way during the epidemic itself. Before the epidemic, interactions in homes took place directly, through physical contacts, and home life was undisturbed. During the epidemic, however, interactions took place indirectly, through media such as telephone and computer, with minimal physical contact of the home with the outside world and with obstructed course of social life in homes for older people. The work of the employees in the homes changed overnight, they were faced with many challenges, and at the same time the changes were very difficult for the residents and relatives. The social work profession was put to the test during the epidemic. During that time, social workers faced increased workloads, which led to time constraints and consequently extended working hours. They were exposed to mental and physical exertion, which led to overwork and burnout. However, they did not work only in their field of specialization, but they also helped in all areas where staff shortages occurred. Interpretation of the results points to areas that should be improved in the future in terms of the experiences and needs of all three worlds residents, relatives and employees. I believe that homes for older people should explore how to prepare for dealing with a repeat epidemiological case. Homes for older people must have crisis plans to limit infections and redeploy residents. Employees who are exposed to emergency work must be cared for through training and support groups.

V magistrski nalogi sem raziskovala doživljanje epidemije covida-19 s perspektive starih ljudi v skupnosti. Želela sem ugotoviti, kako stari ljudje, ki živijo v skupnosti, doživljajo epidemijo in njene ukrepe, kako je v času epidemije potekalo druženje, ohranjanje stikov in ali je prišlo do sprememb v odnosih z družino, s prijatelji, sosedi in z znanci. Prav tako me je zanimalo, kakšen vpliv je imela epidemija covida-19 na duševno zdravje starih ljudi, kako je posegla v njihovo finančno stanje in kakšne spremembe so občutili pri opravljanju vsakdanjih opravkov in obveznosti. Želela sem izvedeti, kako se je starim ljudem v času epidemije spremenil prosti čas. Poleg tega pa me je zanimalo, kakšno pomoč so prejemali v času epidemije in kako jim je pomagala neformalna in formalna mreža pomoči, kakšen je bil dostop do pomoči v primeru, da so jo potrebovali ter kakšne pomoči si želijo. Kot zadnje me je zanimalo, kakšne strategije pomagajo starim ljudem pri prestajanju kriznih razmer oz. kaj jim daje v teh časih upanje. V prvem delu magistrske naloge predstavim teoretični uvod, ki vsebuje poglavja o staranju in starosti, potrebah in položaju starih ljudi v času epidemije covida-19 ter o vlogi formalne in neformalne mreže pomoči starim ljudem. Teoretični uvod zaključujem s poglavjem o socialnem delu s starimi ljudmi in socialnem delu s starimi ljudmi v času epidemije covida-19. V drugem delu magistrske naloge predstavim rezultate kvalitativne in empirične raziskave, v katero sem vključila deset starih ljudi, ki živijo v skupnosti, torej v domačem okolju in so stari 65 let ali več. S pomočjo vprašalnika sem intervjuvala sogovornike, ki so bili pripravljeni sodelovati v raziskavi. Po opravljenih intervjujih sem dobljene podatke tudi kvalitativno obdelala in analizirala. Ugotovila sem, da so stari ljudje v času epidemije čutili negativna čustva, kot so zaskrbljenost, stres in negotovost. Negativna čustva so čutili tudi ob spremljanju medijev. Nekateri so ostali optimistični. Največji vpliv na življenje starih ljudi je imel ukrep socialne izolacije oz. karantene in s tem odsotnost druženja. V času epidemije je prišlo do zmanjšanih osebnih stikov, odsotnosti druženj in obiskov, kar so zelo pogrešali. V primeru druženja so bili previdni in se, z zaščitno masko in razdaljo, zaščitili pred možnim prenosom okužbe. Stike so najpogosteje ohranjali na daljavo, preko telefona. Prav tako je v tem obdobju prišlo do sprememb v odnosih, saj so stari ljudje poročali o pogostejših konfliktih z bližnjimi. Za nekatere pa se odnos z bližnjimi ni spremenil. Epidemija covida-19 je imela negativen vpliv na duševno zdravje starih ljudi, medtem ko na fizično zdravje ni imela posebnega vpliva. Epidemija je imela tudi finančne posledice, saj so nekateri stari ljudje pripovedovali o večji skromnosti pri porabi denarja, po drugi strani pa so se razveselili solidarnostnega dodatka in turističnih bonov, spet drugi pa so izrazili kritiko do tovrstnih dodatkov. Vsakodnevni opravki in obveznosti, kot so nakupovanje, urejanje zadev na upravni enoti in banki, so potekali brez težav. Prosti čas v času epidemije je bil bolj vezan na dom z okolico, izpadla so tudi organizirana druženja, ki so jih pogrešali. Pomemben vir pomoči starim ljudem je storitev pomoči na domu, ki bi se po mnenju starih ljudi morala razvijati in biti časovno ter cenovno dostopnejša tako bi si jo lahko privoščili v večjem obsegu. Tudi družina je bila v času epidemije pripravljena pomagati, neformalni oskrbovalci so pomembni tudi z vidika družabništva. Stari ljudje so poročali predvsem o prejeti zdravstveni pomoči in zaskrbljenosti o kakovosti ter pripravljenosti le-te v času epidemije, saj so nekateri imeli težave z dostopom do tovrstne pomoči. Pomoči socialnega dela niso omenjali. Med glavne želje po pomoči sodi želja po družabništvu. Starim ljudem daje v času epidemije covida-19 upanje, pozitivno razmišljanje in misel na čas, ki zajema več druženj in splošne svobode. In my master’s thesis I researched the experiences during Covid-19 from the perspective of elderly in the community. I researched how the elderly living in the community experience epidemic and the safety measures, how they maintained socializing activities and if there were any changes in the relationships with their family, friends, neighbours and acquaintances. I also researched the effect of Covid-19 on mental health of elderly, impact on financials and how their everyday chores changed. I wanted to gain an understanding about the changes of everyday activities of elderly, due to Covid-19. I also analysed which support they received during Covid-19, how did informal and formal network help them, how was the access to support if they needed and what support they want. As last I also wanted to understand what strategies help elderly during crisis and what gives them hope in such situations. The first part of the master’s thesis is the theoretical introduction, which consists of chapters about aging, needs and status of elderly during Covid-19 and about the role of formal and informal support network of elderly. Theoretical introduction is concluded with chapter about social work with elderly and social work with elderly during Covid-19. In the second part of the master´s thesis I present the results of qualitative and empirical analysis, in which I included ten elderlies living in home environment that are 65 years old or older. Using the questionnaire, I interviewed elderly people that wanted to be a part of the research. After interviews I analysed collected data. I found out, that elderly experienced negative emotions, such as concern, stress and uncertainty. They experienced negative emotions while watching the news. Some of them remained optimistic. Largest impact of Covid-19 on the everyday of elderly had the safety measure of social isolation or quarantine and with that the absence of social gatherings. There was a decrease in social activities during Covid-19 which affected elderly. When there were social gatherings they implemented safety measures, such as safety masks and distancing to prevent potential infection. Most of communication was long distance on the phone. During the period there were also changes in relationships, due to conflicts with closed ones. For some there were no changes in relationships with the family. The effect of Covid-19 on mental health of elderly was negative. There were no bigger effects on physical health of elderly. There were also financial consequences due to Covid-19. Some had to become more modest. Elderly were mostly happy with the solidarity allowance and tourist vouchers, but some weren´t happy with those allowances. There were no important changes for everyday activities, such as shopping, administrative obligations. Free time during Covid-19 was more concentrated in the home environment. Social gatherings were cancelled and were missed by elderly. Important source of support is help at home services, which according to elderly should develop and become more available. Elderly received help from their family during Covid-19. Informal caregivers are important for socializing. Elderly were worried about the availability and quality of medical services during Covid-19. There was no mention of help from social work services. Main wishes for support of the elderly are connected to socializing. Because of positive thinking and thinking about time with more social events and freedom, elderly feel hopeful for the future.

V diplomski nalogi sem raziskovala duševno zdravje mladih v Savinjski regiji. V svojem raziskovanju sem se osredotočila na populacijo srednješolcev. Epidemija je v zadnjih letih prizadela skoraj vsakogar, tudi mlade. Kako je epidemija covida-19 vplivala na mlade, sem videla tudi v domačem okolju, zato sem se odločila raziskati, kakšno je duševno zdravje mladih v Savinjski regiji. V prvem delu diplomske naloge sem raziskala teoretične vire. Predstavila sem duševno zdravje, kako na duševno zdravje vplivajo izredne razmere, posebej pri mladostnikih. Predstavila sem tudi najpogostejše težave v duševnem zdravju med mladimi, kot so stres, anksioznost oziroma tesnoba in depresija. Nadalje sem opredelila tudi varovalne dejavnike in dejavnike tveganja, kjer sem se osredotočila na družino, šolo, prijatelje in spol. Duševno zdravje sem povezala tudi s stroko socialnega dela in na koncu raziskala še možne vrste pomoči, ki so mladim v Savinjski regiji na voljo. Pri raziskovanju sem se osredotočila predvsem na vprašanje, kakšno je duševno zdravje mladostnikov v populaciji. Izvedla sem kvantitativno raziskavo, v kateri sem preverila prej postavljena raziskovalna vprašanja in hipoteze. Rezultati e-ankete med dijaki v Savinjski regiji so pokazali, da mladostniki svoje duševno zdravje ocenjujejo kot niti dobro niti slabo. Največji dejavnik stresa jim predstavljajo šola in šolske obveznosti. Prijatelji in družina pa so zanje pomemben varovalni dejavnik. Epidemija covida-19 je vplivala na duševno zdravje mladostnikov. Njihovo duševno zdravje se je med epidemijo poslabšalo. Tudi v času po epidemiji se duševno zdravje mladostnikov ni vrnilo nazaj v začetno stanje, ampak ostaja enako kot med samo epidemijo ali pa se je še poslabšalo. In my graduation thesis I was researching about mental health amoung youth in Savinja region. In my research, I focused on the high school population. In last couple of years, epedimic affected almost everyone, including young people. In my home environment I also saw how the Covid-19 epidemic affected young people, so I decided to research the menthal health of youth in Savinjska region. In the first part of graduation thesis I studied theoretical sources. I talked about mental health, how mental health was affected by extreme circumstances, I talked about why is mental health important for young people. I also presented the most common mental health problem amoung young people, which are stress, anxiety and depression. Further more I identified protective factors and risk factors, focusing on family, school, friends and gender. I also connected mental health to the social work profession and finally I researched possible types of help available to young people in the Savinjska region. I conducted a quantitative reseaarch where I tested previously posed research questions and hypotheses. The rusults of the survey showed that young people in Savinjska region rate their mental health as neither good nor bad. The biggest stressors for them are school and school obligations. Friends and family are important protective factors for youth. The Covid-19 epidemic has affected the mental health of youth. Their mental health deteriorated during the epidemic. Even in the post-epidemic period mental heatlh of youth has not returned to baseline, but it remains the same as during the Covid-19 epidemic, or it even got worse.

Pričujoče delo temelji na raziskovanju čustvene regulacije v partnerskem odnosu in rabi alkohola v času epidemije. V teoretičnem delu smo v prvem poglavju opredelili temeljno vlogo odnosa, iz katerega izhaja tudi partnerski, in v drugem stile navezanosti v otroški ter odrasli dobi. Partnerski odnos je prostor, kjer se ponovijo vzorci obnašanja in čutenja poznana iz primarne družine, in upanje, da bosta uspela te spore na razumevajoč in spoštovan način razrešiti. V partnerskem odnosu je močan čut in želja po svobodi in samostojnosti, a hkrati bližini, stiku in razumljenosti, ki partnerjema pomeni sprejetost in ljubljenost. V odnosih si želimo varnosti, čustvene topline in zaupanja, vendar je pot do zadovoljujoče intime pogosto tlakovana z lastno in partnerjevo ranjenostjo, ki jo je potrebno s sočutnim pogovorom zaceliti (Gostečnik 1999, 13-5). Ob posameznikovem soočanju s stisko in tesnobo je čustvena regulacija, o kateri smo pisali v naslednjem poglavju, pomemben notranji in zunanji proces, ki ga uporabljamo za prilagajanje in spremljanje čustvenih reakcij na dražljaje iz okolja (Thompson 1995). Čustvena regulacija se zgodi brez zavedanja, zavednega nadzora posameznika in njegovega vpogleda v čustvene konflikte (Sotres-Bayon in Quirk 2010, 231-5). Cvetek (2014, 5) navaja, da je neustrezno ravnanje s čustvi eden največjih dejavnikov razkroja v zakoskih in družinskih odnosih. Nadaljuje, da primerno uravnana čustva pomagajo človeku h kvaliteti medsebojnih odnosov in funkcionalnosti življenja ter prispevajo k blagostanju v odnosih (6). Regulirano čustvo pri posamezniku dokazuje njegovo moč soočanja in priznavanja doživljati čustvo in ga začutiti. Izkušnja ga nauči, da se sočutno sprejme in se ne doživlja kot nemočna žrtev (40). Tesnobni posamezniki, ki sami ne zmorejo regulirati temeljnih afektov, pa kot mehanizem regulacije uporabljajo alkohol, ki je bil v času epidemije v porastu. Peto poglavje smo namenili rabi alkohola, vzrokom za alkoholizem, alkoholu kot mehanizmu čustvene regulacije, agresiji in nasilju zaradi alkohola in zdravljenju. Ob koncu teoretičnega dela smo se dotaknili epidemije virusa COVID-19, ki je drastično posegel v naše vsakdanje življenje, spremenil in prizadel rutino posameznika ter povzročil nepredstavljiv stres. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili ugotovitve na podlagi vzorca 115 udeležencev, od katerih je bilo 90 ženskega in 25 moškega spola, starostni razpon se je gibal med 18 in 60 letom. Pri epidemiološkem vplivu na povečanje rabe alkohola smo izhajali iz predpostavke, da so partnerji zaradi nenadnega stresa, depresije in zdravstvene ogroženosti popili več alkohola in težje regulirali čustva. Obe trditvi smo zavrgli. Nadalje smo predvidevali, da se je povečalo fizično nasilje in se je povečalo uživanje alkohola med ženskami, ki so izgubile delo. Obe trditvi smo zavrgli. Potrdili pa smo peto trditev, in sicer so imeli uporabniki alkohola izkušnjo s staršem alkoholikom. The present work is based on research on emotional regulation in partner relationships and alcohol use during the epidemic. In the theoretical part, we define in the first chapter the fundamental role of the relationship, from which the partner relationship is derived, and in the second chapter the attachment styles in childhood and adulthood. The partner relationship is a space where patterns of behaviour and feelings familiar from the primary family are repeated, and a hope that the couple will be able to resolve these disputes in an understanding and respectful way. In a partnership there is a strong sense and desire for freedom and autonomy, but at the same time closeness, contact and understanding, which means acceptance and affection between the partners. In relationships, we want security, emotional warmth and trust, but the path to satisfying intimacy is often paved with our own and our partner's emotional damage, which needs to be healed through compassionate conversation (Gostečnik 1999, 13-5). In the context of facing distress and anxiety, emotion regulation, which we discuss in the next section, is an important internal and external process that is used to adapt and monitor emotional reactions to environmental stimuli (Thompson 1995). Emotional regulation happens without the individual's awareness, conscious control and insight into emotional conflicts (Sotres-Bayon and Quirk 2010, 231-5). Cvetek (2014, 5) states that the inadequate handling of emotions is one of the biggest factors of disintegration in marital and family relationships. She goes on to say that well-regulated emotions help people to have good relationships and a functional life, and contribute to well-being in relationships (6). A regulated emotion in an individual demonstrates their ability to face and recognise, experience and feel an emotion. The experience teaches them to accept themselves compassionately and not to experience themselves as a helpless victim (40). Anxious individuals who are unable to regulate their emotional outbursts use alcohol as a mechanism of regulation, whose use was on the rise during the epidemic. Chapter five focuses on alcohol use, causes of alcoholism, alcohol as a mechanism of emotional regulation, alcohol-related aggression and violence, and the treatment of alcoholism. At the end of the theoretical part, we touch upon the COVID-19 epidemic, which has drastically affected our daily lives, changed and affected our routines and caused unimaginable stress. In the empirical part, we present our findings based on a sample of 115 participants, 90 female and 25 male, with an age range between 18 and 60 years. In the assessment of the epidemiological impact on the increase in alcohol use, we started on the assumption that due to sudden stress, depression and health risks partners drank more alcohol and found it harder to regulate their emotions. Both claims were rejected. Furthermore, we hypothesised that there was an increase in physical violence and an increase in alcohol consumption among women who had lost their jobs. Both claims were rejected. In the end, we discarded another of the main assumptions that study participants had experience with a parent alcoholic in childhood.

V magistrski nalogi smo proučili delo razrednikov z oddelčno skupnostjo v drugem valu epidemije covida-19, ko je potekalo izobraževanje na daljavo. V teoretičnem delu naloge smo opredelili oddelek in oddelčno skupnost ter na kratko predstavili značilnosti oblikovanja in vodenja oddelka ter osnovne vzgojne dejavnosti, ki jih v njem izvajamo. Nato smo se posvetili oddelčni skupnosti in dejavnikom za njeno oblikovanje ter vzdrževanje in krepitev le-te. Dalje smo predstavili, kako je epidemija vplivala na oddelčno skupnost v času izobraževanja na daljavo, ter izpostavili nekaj izsledkov raziskav na področju vzgoje in izobraževanja v času epidemije. V empiričnem delu naloge smo raziskali delo treh razrednikov z oddelčnimi skupnostmi v času izobraževanja na daljavo, in sicer v obdobju drugega vala epidemije covida-19, od konca oktobra 2020 do sredine februarja 2021. Ugotovili smo, da so se intervjuvani razredniki v drugem valu epidemije zaradi izkušenj iz prvega vala bolje soočali z razmerami izobraževanja na daljavo in tako tudi hitreje ter učinkoviteje vzpostavili stik z vsemi učenci oddelka. Večji pomen so dajali rednemu, vsaj 45 minut dolgemu srečanju oddelčnih skupnosti preko aplikacije Zoom, saj so učenci preko njih ostali povezani s šolo, z razrednikom in med seboj. Hkrati jim je oddelčna skupnost nudila varno okolje kjer so lahko izražali svoje stiske. Za učence so bili intervjuvani razredniki na voljo 24 ur na dan, vse dni v tednu, stik ter komunikacija med njimi pa je potekala redno, in sicer preko različnih kanalov informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT). Učenci so se na razrednika največkrat obrnili v povezavi z učenjem in šolskim delom ter v zvezi z aktualnimi razmerami, povezanimi z epidemijo. V obdobju izobraževanja na daljavo so v raziskavo vključeni razredniki v sodelovanju s šolsko svetovalno službo, drugimi učitelji ali zunanjimi institucijami izvedli tiste ure oddelčne skupnosti, ki so bile že vnaprej predvidene v letnem delovnem načrtu, sicer pa so jih izvajali sami v sodelovanju z učenci. Razredniki so največkrat opravljali naloge, povezane z učenjem in učnimi dosežki, manj pa naloge povezane z oddelčno skupnostjo. Slednje so ocenili kot najzahtevnejše. Vsi intervjuvani razredniki so izrazili, da so se z učenci v oddelčni skupnosti kljub manjku fizičnega stika še močneje povezali. To je bilo mogoče zaradi mnogih dejavnosti in dobrih praks, ki so jih tekom izobraževanja na daljavo izvajali z oddelčnimi skupnostmi. This thesis is concerned with how class teachers worked with their classroom communities during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Slovenia, when distance learning was mandatory. The theoretical part defines the class and classroom community for our purposes, briefly describes how a class is formed and guided, and presents key educational activities held in a class. Then, a classroom community is described together with the factors relevant for its formation, maintenance, and strengthening. Additionally, some areas in which the epidemic has affected the classroom community are outlined, as well as the results of some research pertaining to education during the epidemic. The empirical part presents the work that three class teachers have carried out with their class communities for the duration of the distance learning mandate in the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic, namely between late October 2020 and mid-February 2021. It was discovered that the class teachers were better prepared for distance learning, having accrued experience in the earlier wave, and that they built rapport with their students more efficiently. Care was taken to set up regular meetings of the classroom community via an app named Zoom, which lasted at least 45 minutes. Because of this, the students felt more connected to the school, the class teacher as well as to one another. The classroom community also served as a platform to voice their distress. The interviewed class teachers made themselves available to their students twenty-four hours a day every day, and both sides communicated regularly through various channels of information-communication technology. The most frequent topics for which the students sought their class teacher’s help were study matters and schoolwork, and also current events pertaining to the epidemic. During the distance learning mandate, the class teachers included in the research were joined by school advisory service personnel, other teachers, and other institutions for those classroom community sessions that had been included in the syllabus, and prepared the rest of them alone with the class. The class teachers report spending more time working on study matters and grades than on the classroom community, and also describe working with the classroom community as the most difficult type of work they do. All three interviewed class teachers have said that they formed a stronger bond with the students in the classroom community despite the lack of physical presence. This was made possible by various activities and good teachership carried out with the classroom communities throughout the distance learning mandate.

Izbruh epidemije nalezljive bolezni COVID-19 je v začetku leta 2020 zajel ves svet ter močno vplival na evropske sisteme zdravstvenega in socialnega varstva. V življenje ljudi sta izbruh bolezni in epidemija vnesla mnogo sprememb in izzivov. V teoretičnem delu sem pregledala literaturo, ki opredeljuje socialno delo ob pojavu izrednih razmer v državi, izzive in dileme, s katerimi so se soočali socialni delavci in socialne delavke na centrih za socialno delo, kakšne spremembe so se pojavile pri metodah dela, v delovnem odnosu, dostopnosti in koordinaciji služb. V raziskovalnem delu sem se poglobila v izzive ter organizacijo dela znotraj Centra za socialno delo Primorsko-Notranjska, enota Ilirska Bistrica ter socialnovarstvenega programa Dnevni center Sonček v času vladanja epidemije. Izvedla sem intervjuje z zaposlenimi na enoti ter pridobljene podatke analizirala na besedni način. Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo, da se je način dela na Centru za socialno delo Primorsko-Notranjska, enota Ilirska Bistrica in v Dnevnem centru Sonček, ob izbruhu nalezljive bolezni COVID-19 in naprej, precej spremenil. Izredne razmere so različno vplivale na organizacijo dela ter na stike z uporabniki. Potrebno se je bilo takoj odzvati na spremembe in prilagoditi novim okoliščinam. Omejen dostop do storitev je povzročil več nejasnosti pri uporabnikih, pri socialnih delavkah in strokovnih sodelavkah pa je bil prisoten strah, kako ravnati in delovati ter pri tem poskrbeti za ustrezno zaščito pred boleznijo in kako kljub vsemu obdržati stik ter uporabnikom nuditi pomoč. The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020 spread worldwide and had a major impact on European health and social care systems. The outbreak and the epidemics have brought many changes and challenges to people's lives. In the theoretical part, I reviewed the literature that defines social work in the event of emergencies in the country, the challenges and dilemmas that social workers faced at social work centers, what changes have occurred in working methods, in the work relationship, the accessibility and coordination of services. In my research work, I delved into the challenges and organization of work within the Primorsko-Notranjska Social Work Centre, Unit Ilirska Bistrica, and the social welfare program Dnevni center Sonček during the epidemic. I conducted interviews with the employees of the unit and analyzed the obtained data in a verbal way. The findings of the research show that the way of working at the Primorsko-Notranjska Social Work Centre, Unit Ilirska Bistrica and at the Dnevni center Sonček, at the time of the outbreak of the infectious disease COVID-19 and afterwards, has changed significantly. Emergencies had different effects on the organization of work and on contacts with users. It was necessary to react immediately to the changes and adapt to the new circumstances. Limited access to services has led to more confusion among users, while social workers and professionals had concerns about how to act, while providing adequate protection against the disease and nevertheless keep in touch with the users and provide help.

V diplomskem delu sem raziskovala spremembe v življenju starih ljudi v času epidemije covida-19 v Lambrechtovem domu. V teoretičnem delu sem v šestih poglavij predstavila dolgotrajno in institucionalno oskrbo starih ljudi, njihove potrebe po dolgotrajni oskrbi, socialne stike ter osamljenost v starosti, nenazadnje pa tudi socialno delo s starimi ljudmi v času epidemije covida-19. S kvalitativno raziskavo, ki sem jo izvedla, sem želela pridobiti mnenja stanovalcev Lambrechtovega doma glede sprememb v njihovem življenju v času epidemije covid-19, njihova stališča do ukrepov za zajezitev epidemije covid-19, na kakšen način so se spoprijemali s socialno izolacijo in karanteno v domu in s pomanjkanjem stikov s sorodniki. Želela sem tudi izvedeti, kakšno je bilo medsebojno razumevanje stanovalcev v času epidemije covid-19 ter razumevanje stanovalcev s socialnimi delavci . Zanimale pa so me tudi spremembe socialnega dela v času epidemije covid-19. Opravila sem osem intervjujev, šest od njih s stanovalci doma, dva pa s socialnima delavcema, ki sta tam zaposlena. Pridobljeni rezultati so pokazali, da so se stari ljudje na splošno na epidemijo dobro odzvali in sprejeli posledice, ki jih je prinesla. Odnosi v domu so postali trdnejši. Socialni delavci menijo, da so se kljub spremembam v domu stanovalci na epidemijo dobro odzvali ter jo dobro prenašali, sami pa so kljub povečanemu obsegu dela stopili skupaj in se povezali kot še nikoli. Ukrepe za zajezitev epidemije je večina stanovalcev brez večjih težav sprejela, le nekaj jih je poudarilo, da so se v času trajanja epidemije covid-19 soočali s stisko, zato je moj predlog, da se v domu organizira skupina, v kateri bi stanovalci imeli varen prostor za pogovor, da bodo lahko ubesedili svoje občutke. In my graduation thesis, I explored the changes in the lives of older people during the covid-19 epidemic at Lambrecht Home. In the theoretical part, six chapters present long-term and institutional care for the elderly, their needs for long-term care, social contacts, and loneliness in old age, and last but not least, social work with the elderly during the covid-19 epidemic. The qualitative research that was conducted, shows the opinions of Lambrecht residents about changes in their lives during the covid-19 epidemic, their views on measures to curb the covid-19 epidemic, how they coped with social isolation and quarantine in the elderly home and the lack of contact with relatives. I also wanted to find out what the mutual understanding of the residents was like during the covid-19 epidemic and the understanding of the residents with the social workers. I was also interested in changes in social work during the covid-19 epidemic. There were eight interviews conducted, six of them with residents of the home and two with social workers employed there. The obtained results showed that the old people in general responded well to the epidemic and accepted the consequences of the newly aroused situation. Relationships in the home have become stronger. Social workers believe that despite the changes in the mentioned home, the residents responded well to the epidemic and tolerated it well, and despite the increased workload, they joined forces and became connected like never before. Measures to contain the epidemic were taken by most residents without any major problems, only a few of them pointed out that they faced distress during the covid-19 epidemic. Therefore, my suggestion is to organise a group in the home in which residents have a safe place to talk and articulate their feelings.

V magistrskem delu sem raziskovala delo in izzive socialnih delavk in delavcev v interventni službi centra za socialno delo. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljena vloga centrov za socialno delo in službe za koordinacijo in pomoč žrtvam, znotraj katere deluje interventna služba. Podrobneje predstavim interventno službo, v katerih primerih na podlagi obvestila policije posredujejo strokovne delavke in delavci in kakšne so njihove naloge. Posebno pozornost namenim temi nasilja v družini, ki je poseben družbeni problem in je odgovornost celotne družbe. Pojasnim ukrepe za zaščito otrok, nasilje nad starejšimi, možnosti namestitve oseb in oceno ogroženosti ter individualni varnostni načrt. V nadaljevanju opišem pomembnost sodelovanja in izobraževanja pri delu. Poleg tega opredelim vlogo socialnega dela, kjer opišem znanja, veščine in spretnosti, ki so pomembna za delo, ter kakšne so možne nevarnosti in potrebne izboljšave. Teoretični del zaključim s temo epidemije covida-19. V raziskavi me je zanimalo, kakšen je proces dela v interventni službi (torej v stalni pripravljenosti, ob intervenciji, po intervenciji in po zaključku stalne pripravljenosti) in kakšne so okoliščine intervencij. Želela sem izvedeti, kakšna je vloga oziroma pomen socialnodelovnega ravnanja in stroke socialnega dela v interventni službi ter vloga sodelovanja znotraj interventne službe in z ostalimi organizacijami. V raziskavi so me zanimali tudi izzivi in dileme, s katerimi se socialne delavke in delavci srečujejo pri delu, in katere so potrebne izboljšave. V zaključku raziskave sem spraševala po posebnostih dela v času epidemije covida-19 in kakšen je bil po njihovem mnenju obseg nasilja v primerjavi pred epidemijo. V empiričnem delu so predstavljene ugotovitve kvalitativne raziskave. Ugotovila sem, da delo v interventni službi obsega različne naloge in primere. Na podlagi primerov se intervjuvane osebe odločijo za delo v paru, telefonski pogovor ali odhod na teren, kjer so lahko prisotne grožnje in nevarnosti. Zbrani podatki kažejo, da vsaka situacija predstavlja izziv, zato so potrebne različne spretnosti, veščine in znanje. Socialne delavke in delavci si želijo krepiti in vzpostavljati sodelovanje z različnimi organizacijami. Prav tako izražajo potrebo po zagotovitvi namestitev, enakopravnem in boljšem plačilu, izobraževanju za interventno službo ter izmenjavi dobrih praks. In my master's thesis, I researched the work and challenges of social workers in the intervention service of the Centre for Social Work. The theoretical part of my thesis presents the role of social work centres and the services needed for co-ordination and assistance to within which the intervention service operates. The intervention service is presented in detail, in which on the basis of police notification, professional workers intervene and what are their tasks. Special attention is paid to the subject of domestic violence, which is a particularly social problem and one that the whole of society is responsible for. Furthermore, I explain child protection measures, violence against the elderly, the possibility of accommodating the threat assessment plan, and an individual safety plan. I also describe the importance of and education at work. In addition, I define the role of social work, and describe the knowledge, skills and abilities that are important for this work, what the possible dangers are, and the necessary improvements. I conclude the theoretical part of my thesis with the subject of the Covid-19 epidemic. In my research, I was particularly interested in the work process of the intervention service (i.e. in a constant state of readiness, at the intervention stage, after intervention, and after completion of the constant state of readiness) and what the circumstances of the interventions look like. I wanted to find out the role, or importance of social work treatment, the profession of social work in the intervention service, and the role of co-operation within the intervention service and other organisations. In my research, I was also interested in the challenges and dilemmas that social workers face at work and what improvements are needed. At the end of my research, I asked interviewees about the specifics of their work during the Covid-19 epidemic and what was their opinion regarding the extent of violence compared to its extent before the epidemic. In the empirical part of my thesis the findings of a qualitative research are presented. I have found that working in an intervention service involves a variety of tasks and cases. Based on the examples, social workers decide whether to work in pairs, have a telephone conversation or go to a location where threats and dangers may be present. The collected data show that each situation presents a challenge, therefore certain skills, abilities and knowledge are needed. Social workers want to strengthen and establish co-operation with various organisations. They express the necessity to provide accommodation for vulnerable groups, equal and better pay, training for the emergency services and the exchange of good practice.

V magistrskem delu raziskujem izkušnje stanovalcev in zaposlenih v Lambrechtovem domu za stare ljudi v času epidemije covida-19. V teoretičnem uvodu predstavim staranje prebivalstva, institucionalno varstvo, smrt kot tabu temo, epidemiološko situacijo in s tem povezane ukrepe, ki so se nanašali na stare ljudi ter socialno delo s starimi ljudmi, in delo v domu za stare ljudi. V raziskavo sem vključila stanovalce Lambrechtovega doma, ki so bili zaradi okužbe z novim koronavirusom odpeljani v rdečo cono, ta je bila vzpostavljena v domu za stare ljudi in v župnišču. Prav tako so v raziskavi sodelovali socialni delavec, glavna medicinska sestra, ki je v času vzpostavitve rdeče cone delala v domu za stare ljudi, in medicinska sestra, ki je delala v rdeči coni v župnišču. Z raziskavo sem želela ugotoviti, kako so ukrepi delovali na življenje stanovalcev, kako je potekalo življenje v rdeči coni v domu za stare ljudi in kako v župnišču, kako se je umiranje stanovalcev spremenilo v primerjavi s preteklim letom, kakšne so posledice novega koronavirusa in kako so zaposleni sledili željam in potrebam stanovalcev doma. Izvedla sem kvalitativno raziskavo, v katero sem vključila 15 stanovalcev, enega socialnega delavca, glavno medicinsko sestro in medicinsko sestro. Rezultati so pokazali, da so zaposleni sledili željam in potrebam stanovalcev, so bili dostopni in pripravljeni pomagati. Ukrepi, ki jih je sprejemala država, in navodila, ki so bila podana s strani Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje in s strani Ministrstva za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti, so zelo posegli v vsakdanje življenje ljudi. Pri sprejemanju ukrepov stanovalci niso imeli nobene besede. Odkrila sem, da so stanovalci negativno doživljali izolacijo, nenadne selitve v drugo cono in odsotnost stikov z domačimi. Prav tako se je življenje v rdeči coni v domu za stare ljudi močno razlikovalo od življenja v rdeči coni v župnišču. Zdravstvene težave, ki jih stanovalci povezujejo z novim koronavirusom, so različne, od izgube vonja in okusa do težav z dihali in drugimi bolezenskimi stanji. Poleg zdravstvenih težav so stanovalci izpostavili tudi težave zaradi izolacije, ki so se kazale v osamljenosti in pojavu depresije. Predlagam, da se v primeru podobne situacije v odločanje aktivno vključi stanovalce doma, saj so ravno oni tisti, ki vse sprejete ukrepe najbolj občutijo, saj je dom za stare ljudi postal njihov dom in okolje, v katerem živijo. In the master's thesis, I have researched the experiences of residents and staff of the Lambrechtov dom home for the older people during the COVID-19 epidemic. In the theoretical introduction, I present the ageing population, institutional care, death as a taboo subject, the epidemiological situation and related measures concerning older people and social work with older people, and work in a home for the older people. In the research, I included the residents of the Lambrechtov dom, who were transferred to the red zone due to infection with the novel coronavirus, which had been established in the home for the older people and in the rectory. A social worker, a head nurse working in the red zone in the home for the older people, and a nurse working in the red zone in the rectory were also involved in the research. The purpose of the research was to determine how the measures affected the lives of residents, how life was in the red zone in the home for the older people and how in the parish, how the death rate of residents has changed compared to last year, what are the consequences of the novel coronavirus, and how the staff met the wishes and needs of residents. I conducted a qualitative survey involving 15 residents, one social worker, a head nurse, and a nurse. Based on the results, the staff met the wishes and needs of residents and were available and willing to help. The measures taken by the state and the instructions given by the National Institute of Public Health and by the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities have greatly affected people's daily lives. Residents had no say when taking measures. I found that there was a negative impact on residents due to isolation, sudden relocations to another zone, and lack of contact with relatives. Also, living in the red zone in the home for the older people was very different from living in the red zone in the rectory. Residents have reported various health problems associated with the novel coronavirus, including loss of smell and taste, respiratory problems and other medical conditions. In addition to health problems, residents also emphasised problems due to isolation, which manifested in loneliness and the onset of depression. I propose that in the event of a similar situation, the residents of the home be actively involved in decision-making, as they are the ones who are most affected by all the measures taken, as the home for the older people has become their home and the environment in which they live.

V magistrskem delu raziskujem, kolikšen vpliv je imela epidemija covid-19 na življenja uporabnikov in uporabnic, ki bivajo v dislociranih bivalnih enotah CUDV Matevž Langus, Radovljica. V teoretičnem delu sem sprva predstavila osebe z intelektualno oviro in njihove pravice. Opisala sem področja, na katera so imeli koronski ukrepi največji vpliv. Med omenjena področja sem umestila institucionalno namestitev, šolanje in zaposlitev ter področje socialne vključenosti oseb z intelektualno oviro. V nadaljevanju sem opisala epidemijo covid-19 in z njo povezane ukrepe, ki vplivajo na življenja oseb z intelektualno oviro. Na koncu teoretičnega dela sem se na kratko dotaknila tudi delovanja socialnega dela v izrednih razmerah. V raziskovalnem delu sem se osredotočila na pomembne teme, ki so se mi zdele ključne za raziskovalno nalogo: informiranost o covid-19, vpliv epidemije na življenje v bivalni enoti, vpliv epidemije na fizično in duševno zdravje ter psihosocialna pomoč in podpora v času covid-19. V drugem delu raziskovalnega dela sem predstavila rezultate, ki pokažejo, da epidemija covid-19 močno vpliva na življenje uporabnikov in uporabnic, ki prebivajo v dislociranih bivalnih enotah. Vpliv se kaže predvsem na področjih bivanja, zaposlitve, prostega časa, socialnih stikov, medsebojnih odnosov in na področju duševnega zdravja. Rezultati pokažejo tudi diskriminacijo na področju informiranosti oseb z intelektualno oviro in premajhno vključenost strokovno usposobljenih oseb v življenja prebivalcev bivalnih enot. Po dobljenih rezultatih se ta manko opazi predvsem na področju zaupanja in reševanju stisk in težav uporabnikov in uporabnic v času epidemije covid-19. In this master's thesis, I examine the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the lives of residents of dislocated accommodation units of the Matevž Langus Education, Work and Care Centre in Radovljica. In the theoretical part, I first present persons with intellectual disabilities and their rights. I describe the fields most affected by coronavirus measures, including institutional accommodation, education and employment as well as social inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities. I also present the COVID-19 epidemic and related measures which affect the lives of persons with intellectual disabilities. I conclude the theoretical part by addressing social work under extraordinary circumstances. In the empirical part, I focus on important topics, which seemed indispensable for this thesis: awareness about COVID-19, the effect of the epidemic on the life in accommodation units, the effect of the epidemic on physical and mental health as well as psychological and social assistance and support during the COVID-19 crisis. In the second part of the empirical part, I present my findings, showing that the COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant impact on the life of residents of dislocated accommodation units. The crisis has mainly affected residency, employment, free time, social contacts, interpersonal relationships and mental health. The results also show discrimination against persons with intellectual disabilities, as they were not informed enough about the epidemic, and too insignificant involvement of professional workers in the lives of residents of accommodation units. According to the results, during the COVID-19 epidemic, users find it hard to trust professional workers or let them help ease their distress due to this deficiency.

V magistrski nalogi raziskujemo, kako je na izbrani osnovni šoli potekalo izobraževanje romskih učencev med epidemijo covid-19. Ugotavljali smo, kako se je šola soočila z izobraževanjem na daljavo v primeru Romov, kakšne težave so imeli učitelji, kako so jih reševali in kdo jim je bil pri tem v pomoč. Vsebina je razdeljena na pet poglavij. V prvem poglavju predstavljamo temeljne značilnosti interkulturne vzgoje in izobraževanja. V nadaljevanju spoznamo pravni položaj Romov na Slovenskem in nacionalne dokumente, ki obravnavajo vzgojo in izobraževanje romskih učencev. Predstavljamo najpogostejše ovire, s katerimi se pri izobraževanju soočajo romski učenci ter prilagoditve, ki so jim namenjene. Ukvarjamo se tudi z izobraževanjem na daljavo, ki nas je doletelo med epidemijo covid-19. V empiričnem delu predstavljamo rezultate kvalitativne raziskave in sicer študije primera. S pomočjo intervjujev, ki smo ju opravili z ravnateljico in svetovalno delavko ter anketnih vprašalnikov, ki smo jih opravili z 29 učiteljicami, ki na izbrani osnovni šoli poučujejo romske učence, smo ugotovili, da se je šola ob prehodu na izobraževanje na daljavo morala znajti sama in ni bila deležna pretirane pomoči države. Najpogostejša težava, s katero so se soočali učitelji je bila nezainteresiranost romskih učencev za šolsko delo. To so največkrat reševali z drugačnimi načini komuniciranja z njimi in več individualnega dela z njimi. Večina učiteljev je bila tudi mnenja, da je večina romskih učencev pouk obiskovala redkeje kot ostali učenci, hkrati pa so romski učenci v primerjavi z ostalimi tudi slabše napredovali. In the master's thesis we research how the education of Roma pupils during the covid-19 epidemic took place at the selected primary school. We found out how the school dealt with distance learning in the case of the Roma, what problems the teachers faced, how they solved them and who helped them with solving them. The content is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter we present the basic characteristics of intercultural education. In the following, we get to understand the legal situation of Roma in Slovenia and the most important national documents that determine education of Roma pupils. We present the most common barriers faced by Roma pupils in education and the adjustments for them. Our research field was also distance learning, that we faced during the covid-19 epidemic. In the empirical part, the results of a qualitative research are presented, namely a case study. With the help of interviews with the principal and counselor and questionnaires with 29 teachers who teach Roma pupils at the selected primary school, we found out that the school had to find its own way in the transition to distance education and has not received any excessive state aid. The most common problem faced by teachers was the lack of interest of Roma pupils in school work. This was being most often solved by different ways of communicating with them and more individual work. The majority of Roma pupils attended classes less frequently that other pupils, and at the same time they were less successful than others.

Diplomsko delo predstavlja, kako je epidemija Covid-19 vplivala na študentsko delo. Študentsko delo je postalo zelo pomemben in velik del zaposlovanja v Sloveniji, ko pa se je pojavila epidemija Covid-19 je le ta začel trpeti zaradi ukrepov, ki so bili sprejeti za preprečitev širjenja virusa. Namen dela je z različnimi metodami dela in zadostno literaturo pridobiti in preučiti podatke, različna stališča in dejavnike celotnega problema študentskega dela med epidemijo Covid-19 ter primerjati, kakšen vpliv je imela problematika na študente Fakultete za upravo ter študente drugih fakultet. Cilj dela je ugotoviti, kako je epidemija Covid-19 vplivala na študentsko delo v Sloveniji, predvsem na študente Fakultete za upravo, ter odgovoriti na zastavljena vprašanja in potrditi oziroma zavreči hipoteze. S temi ugotovitvami bom lahko podala realno sliko študentskega dela v času epidemije. S pomočjo različnih statističnih analiz je bilo ugotovljeno, da se študentje srečujejo z različnimi težavami pri študentskem delu med epidemijo. Rezultati torej prikazujejo velik upad študentskih del, čeprav so anketiranci pripravljeni delati med epidemijo. Med epidemijo je za stalno izgubilo delo več študentov Fakultete za upravo, kot pa študentov drugih fakultet. Ugotovljeno pa je bilo tudi, da menijo, da bo po koncu epidemije lažje najti študentsko delo. Na podlagi ugotovitev bi bilo tej problematiki zagotoviti več pozornosti, da se jo odpravi ter da v prihodnosti do takih težav ne bo prihajalo. The thesis presents how the Covid-19 epidemic affected student work. Student work became a very important and large part of employment in Slovenia, but when the Covid-19 broke out, it began to suffer due to measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus. The purpose of the thesis is to obtain and to study data, different views and factors of the student work problem during Covid-19 epidemic with different methods and sufficient literature and compare the impact of the problem on students at the Faculty of Public Administration and students attending other faculties. The aim of this thesis is to determine how the Covid-19 epidemic affected student work in Slovenia, especially the students at the Faculty of Public Administration, and to answer the research questions with the purpose of confirming or rejecting the hypotheses. With these findings I will be able to give a realistic picture of student work during the epidemic. With the help of various statistical analyses, it was found that high school and college student had faced many difficulties in student work during the epidemic. The results therefore show a large decline in student work, although respondents are willing to work during this epidemic. During the epidemic, more students at the Faculty of Public Administration lost their jobs permanently than high school and college students. They were also found to believe that it would be easier to find student work after the end of the epidemic. Based on the findings, more attention needs to be paid to this issue, to prevent such problems in the future.

V zaključnem delu se osredotočam na aktualno problematiko šolanja na daljavo, ki ga je sprožila epidemija virusa covid-19 in traja že več kot eno leto. Javna RTV Slovenija in komercialna POP TV vsaka na svoj način poročata o dotični problematiki. Osrednji sta zagotovo večerni informativni oddaji Dnevnik TV Slovenija in 24 ur POP TV, ki si ju ogleda največ ljudi. Hkrati televizijski hiši producirata različne pogovorne in informativne oddaje ter rubrike v oddajah, ki se posvečajo bolj poglobljenemu poročanju o problemu, problematizirajo ter soočajo mnenja različnih akterjev, ki so vključeni v proces šolanja na daljavo. Kot primer lahko navedem oddaje Tarča, Preverjeno, Studio City, Odmevi, 24 ur Zvečer in rubrike znotraj oddaj, kot sta Inšpektor in Fokus, ki ju spremljamo v oddaji 24 ur. Že teorija medijev je opozorila na razlike med javno in komercialno televizijo, ki pa bi jih rada potrdila tudi v praksi. Glavni namen zaključnega dela je poglobljena primerjalna vsebinska analiza navedenih informativnih oddaj Dnevnik in 24 ur ter nekaterih drugih pomembnih rubrik in oddaj, ki se predvajajo na javni in komercialni televiziji. S spremljanjem oddaj v obdobju treh mesecev (od 31. marca do 30. junija 2021) ter spremljanjem rubrik v oddajah in posebnih oddaj v šolskem letu 2020/21 sem skušala ugotoviti, kakšne razlike se pojavljajo med prispevki javne in komercialne televizije. Da se slednje res pojavljajo, sem potrdila in s pomočjo analize tudi utemeljila. Ugotovila sem, da se razlike pojavljajo v načinu podajanja informacij in v uredniškem naboru gostov, ki so povabljeni v oddaje oz. podajo svoje izjave v prispevkih. Utemeljila sem pomen posebnih oddaj in rubrik za poročanje o šolanju na daljavo, hkrati sem predstavila, na kakšen način in koliko novinarji v poročanje vključujejo vzgojno-izobraževalne ustanove po celotni vertikali. In the final thesis, I focus on the current issue of distance learning, which was triggered by the covid-19 epidemic and has been going on for more than a year. Public RTV Slovenia and commercial POP TV report on the issue in their own way. The main news broadcasts are certainly the evening news broadcast Dnevnik, screened on TV Slovenia, and the 24 ur, screened on POP TV, which have the most viewers. At the same time, these two television networks produce various talk and informative shows and sections in the shows, which are dedicated to more in-depth reporting on the issue by problematizing and confronting opinions of various actors involved in the process of distance learning, such as Tarča, sections Inšpektor and Fokus, Preverjeno, Odmevi, 24 ur Zvečer and Studio City. Differences between public and commercial television have been noticed in theory but need to be confirmed in practice. The main purpose of the final thesis is an in-depth comparative content analysis of the above-mentioned informative broadcasts Dnevnik and 24 ur and some other important sections and shows that are broadcasted on public and commercial television. By monitoring the broadcasts over a period of three months (from March 31 to June 30, 2021) and also sections in the shows and special broadcasts during the entire school year 2020/21, I tried to find out what differences occur between the public and commercial television programmes. I confirmed and substantiated the occurrence of the latter by the help of the analysis. I established that the differences occur in the way of presenting the information and by guests who are invited to the shows or give their statements in contributions. I substantiated the importance of the special broadcasts and sections in the shows that report on distance learning, at the same time I presented in what way and to what extent journalists include educational institutions across the vertical in their reporting.

Namen diplomskega seminarja je ugotoviti, ali so študentje dodiplomskega in magistrskega študija zaradi oteženega dostopa do študijskega gradiva v času karantene COVID-19 zaznavali stres, kakšne strategije spoprijemanja s stresom so v tej situaciji uporabljali ter kateri so bili najpogostejši načini pridobivanja študijskega gradiva med karanteno. V kvantitativni raziskavi je sodelovalo petdeset študentov dodiplomskega in magistrskega študija Univerze v Ljubljani, Univerze v Mariboru in Univerze na Primorskem, ki so s spletnim anketnim vprašalnikom podali povratno informacijo o stresu zaradi oteženega dostopa do študijskega gradiva med karanteno, simptomih in strategijah spoprijemanja z nastalim pojavom stresa ter o načinu pridobivanja študijskega gradiva v tem obdobju. Končni rezultati so pokazali, da so študentje najpogosteje pridobivali študijsko gradivo z iskanjem v podatkovnih bazah, zaradi oteženega dostopa do le-tega pa so občasno zaznavali srednjo stopnjo stresa. Največ težav so imeli z neorganiziranostjo, negativnimi in anksioznimi mislimi, težjo koncentracijo, razdražljivostjo, občutili pa so tudi glavobol. Pojav stresa so obvladovali s strategijami spoprijemanja, ki so usmerjene v izziv, torej iskanjem drugih poti za pridobivanje študijskega gradiva. Manjše število udeleženih študentov ni zaznalo stresa zaradi nastale situacije, posledično niso imeli težav z miselnimi, čustvenimi, telesnimi ali vedenjskimi simptomi. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to determine whether undergraduate and master's students perceived stress during quarantine due to difficult access to study materials, what coping strategies they used in this situation and the most frequent way to obtain study materials during quarantine. Fifty undergraduate and master's students from the University of Ljubljana, University of Maribor and University of Primorska participated in the quantitative research. Using an online survey questionnaire they gave their feedback on stress coused by the difficult access to study materials, symptoms of this stress, coping strategies and ways in which they obtained study materials during this period. The final results showed that students most frequently obtained study materials by searching in databases and due to difficult access they occasionally perceived a medium level of stress. They had the most problems with disorganisation, negative and anxious thoughts, concentration difficulties, irritation and they also felt headaches. The phenomenon of stress was managed through coping strategies that are focused on the challenge, i.e. finding other ways to obtain study materials. A small number of the students participating in the study did not perceive stress due to the situation, consequently they did not have problems with mental, emotional, physical or behavioural symptoms.

V diplomskem delu raziskujem vlogo socialnega dela v šolski svetovalni službi v srednji šoli. Z raziskavo sem želela ugotoviti, katera področja dela opravljajo socialne delavke v svetovalni službi v srednji šoli, na katere socialnodelovne koncepte se pri tem opirajo in kakšen pomen pripisujejo prisotnosti socialnega dela v šolski svetovalni službi. Zanimalo me je, katere kompetence in znanja, ki jim pomagajo pri delu v svetovalni službi, so dobile tekom študija na Fakulteti za socialno delo in katere pri delu v šolski svetovalni službi. Želela pa sem tudi raziskati, s kakšnimi izzivi so se socialne delavke soočale pri svetovalnem delu v času epidemije COVID-19. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da socialne delavke opravljajo vse naloge šolske svetovalne službe, ki jih predvidevajo Programske smernice (Nagode, 2008a), pri čemer največji delež predstavlja področje dela z dijaki, opravljajo pa tudi naloge, ki jim jih naloži vodstvo šole, ki sicer presegajo okvirje Programskih smernic. Rezultati nakazujejo, da je bilo delo na daljavo naporno, socialne delavke pa so bile obremenjene in izčrpane. Raziskava je pokazala, da pri svetovalnem delu socialne delavke uporabljajo metode socialnega dela, najbolj pa se opirajo na koncept delovnega odnosa soustvarjanja. Kot specifiko socialnega dela v svetovalni službi socialne delavke prepoznavajo praktična znanja in širok spekter znanj, ki ga pridobijo na fakulteti, prispevek socialnega dela za šolsko svetovalno službo pa jim predstavlja uporaba socialnodelovnih načel, metod in konceptov. Raziskava nakazuje, da so socialne delavke na Fakulteti za socialno delo pridobile širok spekter znanj, največ kompetenc pa so v času študija pridobile na področju komunikacije, vzpostavljanja delovnega odnosa in skupinskega dela. Na delovnem mestu so socialne delavke pridobile znanje o zakonodaji s področja vzgoje in izobraževanja, največ kompetenc pa so na delovnem mestu pridobile za delo s starši in karierno orientacijo. Večina socialnih delavk pripisuje prisotnosti socialnega dela v šolski svetovalni službi velik pomen. In my bachelor's thesis I analyse the role of social work in the school counselling service in secondary schools. The aim of the research was to find out which areas of work are performed by social workers in the counselling service in secondary schools, which social work concepts they lean on and what meaning they attach to the presence of social work in the school counselling service. I was interested in which competences and knowledge pertaining to their work in the school counselling service they gained during their studies at the Faculty of Social Work and which ones at the workplace. I also researched what challenges social workers had to face during the COVID-19 epidemic. The results of the research show that social workers perform all school counselling service tasks predicted by the program guidelines »Programske smernice« (Nagode, 2008a), with the largest share being the field of working with students. Besides that they also perform tasks beyond the scope of the program guidelines, assigned to them by the school management. The results indicate that remote work was strenuous, that social workers were overburdened and exhausted. The research shows that social workers use the methods of social work in counselling and they lean on the concept of a co-creative working relationship the most. Social workers recognise practical knowledge and a wide range of knowledge acquired at the faculty as a specific of social work and the use of the principles, methods and concepts of social work as the contribution of social work to the school counselling service. The research indicates social workers acquired a wide range of knowledge at the Faculty of Social Work, with the greatest competences being communication, establishing a working relationship and group work. At their workplace social workers have acquired knowledge of legislation in the field of education, their greatest competences acquired at the workplace being working with parents and career guidance. Most social workers find the presence of social work in school counselling service of great importance.

Banka Slovenije je ob razglasitvi epidemije nalezljive bolezni covid-19 in ukrepov za njeno zajezitev predvidela stagnacijo oziroma padec cen stanovanjskih nepremičnin. Že Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije je v svojem poročilu o slovenskem nepremičninskem trgu za prvo polletje 2020 ugotovila, da se je v tem obdobju sicer promet s stanovanjskimi nepremičninami po obsegu zmanjšal, ni pa zaznan padec cen stanovanjskih nepremičnin. Na podlagi podatkov iz Evidence trga nepremičnin smo v diplomski nalogi podrobno analizirali trg stanovanjskih nepremičnin v Gorenjski statistični regiji v letu 2020 in vpliv razglašene epidemije na razmere na trgu stanovanjskih nepremičnin po posameznih lokalnih skupnostih znotraj Gorenjske statistične regije. Ugotovili smo, da je število prodaj v letu 2020 glede na leto 2019 res nekoliko upadlo, cene stanovanjskih nepremičnin pa so narasle. Največji porast je viden v občini Radovljica, kjer so cene na enoto površine narasle z 1.571 €/m2 na 1.820 €/m2 (16 %), najmanjši porast pa v občini Bled, kjer je bila povprečna cena na enoto površine v letu 2019 1.898 €/m2, v letu 2020 pa 1.939 €/m2, kar predstavlja 2 % rast v ceni na enoto površine. Napovedi Banke Slovenije se po rezultatih diplomske naloge za Gorenjsko statistično regijo v letu 2020 niso uresničile. In the beginning of 2020 Slovenian Bank predicted the stagnation or a decline of residential real estate prices due to the declaration of covid-19 epidemic and measures to restrain it. In its report on the Slovenian property market in the first halfyear of 2020 The surveying and mapping authority of Republic of Slovenia has noticed that the residential real estate trading volume has decreased, however their price reduction is yet unknown. Based on data from Property Market Register, real estate market in Gorenjska statistic region in 2020 and the impact of the epidemic on it were closely analysed for each local authorities in this region. It was noted that the trading volume in 2020 has indeed decreased compared to 2019, however the residential real estate prices are still rapidly growing. The highest increase was recorded in municipality of Radovljica where the prices per area unit increased form 1.571 €/m2 to 1.820 €/m2 (16 %), while the lowest increase was recorded in municipality of Bled where the average price per area unit in 2019 was 1.898 €/m2 and in 2020 it was 1.939 €/m2 which represents a 2 % increase in prices per area unit. Based on the results of our Graduation thesis the assumptions of Slovenian Bank were not materialized in Gorenjska statistic region.

Namen magistrskega dela je razumeti razlike med epidemiološko uspešnostjo ukrepov za zajezitev Covid-19 v različnih državah in ugotoviti nabor dejavnikov, ki pojasnijo te razlike. Zato smo razvili ogrodje za analizo uspešnosti ukrepov, ki sloni na primerjalni analizi opazovanih epidemioloških podatkov. Uporabili smo ga za enostavno primerjavo podatkov v 133 državah z vseh celin, med katerimi je 41 evropskih držav. Nadalje smo predstavili rezultate podrobne primerjave epidemioloških ukrepov v enajstih evropskih državah izbranih na osnovi različnih evropskih socialnih modelov. Našo raziskavo smo izvedli s pomočjo Spearmanove korelacijske analize nad dejavniki, ki vplivajo na epidemiološko uspešnost ukrepov (število umrlih in okuženih s Covid-19, število ukrepov, uspešnost glede na gostoto prebivalstva idr.). Za končno analizo posameznih sprejetih epidemioloških ukrepov smo nato uporabili še izračune njihovih vplivov na trende uspešnosti po zastavljeni petstopenjski lestvici. V raziskavi ugotavljamo, da pri uspešnosti vladnih epidemioloških ukrepov igra pomembno vlogo zaupanje državljanov v javne institucije. Posledično so v državah z visokim zaupanjem pogosto zelo uspešni že preventivni (epidemiološki) ukrepi. Na našem naboru podatkov ugotavljamo tudi, da epidemiološka uspešnost ni odvisna od gostote prebivalstva in števila sprejetih epidemioloških ukrepov v državi. Potrdimo lahko, da epidemiološki ukrepi niso vsi enako uspešni in da so enaki ukrepi bolj uspešni v državah z višjim zaupanjem v javne institucije. Odločevalcem je tako na voljo orodje za analizo sprejetih epidemioloških ukrepov, ki jih lahko nato enostavno primerjajo glede na predstavnike sorodnega evropskega socialnega modela. Izdelano orodje ponuja dejavnike, na katere morajo biti pozorni, da bi srednjeročno povečali zaupanje v javne institucije ter tako še izboljšali uspešnost države pri prebijanju skozi epidemijo tega ali katerega od prihodnjih virusov. Državljanom pa raziskava ponuja odgovor, kako dobro so se v epidemiji odrezali njihovi odločevalci in ali so opravičili njihovo zaupanje. The purpose of this Master's thesis is to understand the differences in the epidemiological success of the measures for mitigating the Covid-19 epidemics in various countries and identify factors that explain the differences. To this end, we design a framework for the analysis of the government interventions’ success from epidemiological data. The analysis is based on a basic comparison of the epidemiological data from 133 countries worldwide, including 41 European countries. We also perform a more advanced, detailed comparison of data on government interventions in eleven European countries selected with resect to different European social models. Our research was conducted using Spearman’s correlation analysis using the factors influencing the epidemiological success of measures (number of deceased and infected by Covid-19, number of measures, population density, etc.). For the final analysis of the individual adopted government interventions, we have used the calculations of the interventions’ impact on the trends of epidemiological performance using a predefined five-level scale. The research finds that the trust of the people towards their public, governmental institutions has a very large impact on the success of the governments’ interventions. Consequently, in all the countries with high trust, simple preventive measures show high rates of success. Our analysis also shows that the success of the epidemiological measures does not depend nor is connected on the density of population nor the number of interventions in a country. We can finally confirm that not all measures are equally successful and that the same measures are more successful in countries with a higher trust in public institutions. The Master thesis gives the decision-makers a tool they can use to analyze their epidemiological interventions and simply compare them with the suitable representative from the European social models. The developed tool identifies elements that must be taken into account to increase the trust of the people to the public institutions in the medium term, and hence help improve the country’s performance to overcome the epidemic of this or any other new viruses that may appear in the future. To the citizens, the tool offers an answer on how well the decision-makers in their country performed and whether they have justified their trust.

V magistrskem delu sem raziskoval, kako je epidemija covida-19, in z njo povezani ukrepi za preprečevanje širjenja okužbe, vplivala na življenje stanovalcev v Domu starejših občanov Ajdovščina. Zanimalo me je predvsem življenje stanovalcev v času omejevanja obiskov in izhodov iz doma. Pozornost sem namenil tudi času izolacij med aktivno okužbo v domu. Zanimale so me stiske in strahovi stanovalcev, ki so se soočili z valom informacij ter opozoril o nevarnosti covida-19 za stare ljudi, večjo pozornost pa sem namenil raziskovanju posledic socialne izolacije in prekinitve stikov z družino ter drugimi bližnjimi in s tem povezanimi občutki ter stiskami stanovalcev. Želel sem izvedeti, kako in v kakšnem obsegu je bilo stanovalcem v pomoč in oporo osebje doma s poudarkom na socialni službi. Zanimalo me je, kako so stanovalci sprejeli stike z bližnjimi prek informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije. Ugotovitve iz raziskave so precej dramatične in težke. Stanovalci so povedali, kako težko so živeli s socialno izolacijo in ostalimi ukrepi ter kako grozne občutke in doživljanja so pretrpeli v času od začetka skozi različne faze epidemije covida-19. For my master thesis I have researched how the covid-19 epidemic and related measures for prevention of spreading of the disease has affected the lives of the residents of the Home for the Older People Ajdovščina. I mainly focused on the lives of the residents at the time of restricted visits and exists from the home. The other focus was paid to the isolation during active disease in the home. I was interested in the hardships and fears residents faced with a wave of information and warnings about the dangers of covid-19 for the older people however, the main focus was kept on the feelings and distress related to social isolation and severing contact with family members and other loved ones. The objective was finding out how and to what extent the staff at the home was helpful and supportive to the residents with the emphasis being on social work. I was also interested in how the residents' faced with being in contact with their relatives through information and communication technology. The findings of this master thesis are quite dramatic and serious. The residents have elaborated on how hard living in social isolation and with other measures has been as well as what horrible feelings and experiences they have been through from the start and throughout different stages of covid-19 epidemic.

Staranje in starost je neizbežen del naših življenj, zato je tako pomembno, da vsak posameznik svojo starost preživi čim bolj kvalitetno. Socialna omrežja starih ljudi so pogosto slabo razširjena, v času epidemije, pa se je ta problem zgolj poglobil. Zanimalo me je, kakšne so spremembe socialnih omrežij starih ljudi v času COVID-19 v lokalni skupnosti Škofljice. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge sem najprej predstavila samo starost in staranje ter kaj pomeni kakovostno življenje v starosti. Nato sem se osredotočila na socialna omrežja ter na značilnosti socialnih omrežij starih ljudi ter predstavila sem tudi pojma formalna in neformalna socialna omrežja. Na koncu pa sem predstavila še omejitve, s katerimi se stari ljudje spopadajo med epidemijo ter samo diskriminacijo starih ljudi med epidemijo. Raziskovala sem, kakšne so značilnosti socialnih omrežij starih ljudi. Zanimalo me je, kako so se sama socialna omrežja v času epidemije pri starih ljudeh spremenila, in zanimalo me je, kako bi lahko socialna omrežja starih ljudi kljub epidemiji ostala nespremenjena. V razpravi sem primerjala pridobljene podatke intervjujev med seboj ter ugotovila, da tisti ljudje, ki v času epidemije živijo skupaj s svojimi družinskimi člani, lažje ohranjajo svoja socialna omrežja. Rezultati so pokazali, da imajo vsi sodelujoči v raziskavi čez dan hobije in aktivnosti, s pomočjo katerih imajo zapolnjen dan, vendar vseeno se nekateri pri uresničevanju le teh soočajo z različnimi omejitvami. Starim ljudem so socialna omrežja pomembna. Stari ljudje na različne načine vzdržujejo stike s svojim socialnim omrežjem. Večina sodelujočih v raziskavi je poročalo o spremembah svojih socialnih omrežij v času epidemije. Spremembe socialnih omrežij so bile negativne. Nekateri pa so poročali o tem, da se njihova socialna omrežja niso spremenila. Rezultati so pokazali, da je večina kot vire pomoči navajalo svoje neformalno socialno omrežje. Razlog za oteženost stikov med samo epidemijo so bili ukrepi, ki smo jih bili deležni za zajezitev virusa. Stari ljudje se v času epidemije spopadajo tudi z raznimi negativnimi čustvi. Sodelujoči v raziskavi so dali tudi veliko različnih predlogov, kako bi lahko ohranjali svoja socialna omrežja med in po epidemiji. Na podlagi pridobljenih podatkov sem predlagala nekaj možnih načinov, kako bi lahko spodbudili ponovno druženje ljudi in širitev socialnih omrežij posameznikov. Ageing and old age are an inevitable part of our lives, therefore it is very important that each individual spends its old age as well as possible. Social networks of elderly people are often poorly distributed and during the epidemic, this problem has only deepen. I wanted to identify the changes in social networks of elderly people during Covid-19 in the local community Škofljica. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I first presented the old age and ageing and what it means to lead a good life in old age. After this, I focused on social networks and the characteristics of social networks of elderly people and presented the terms formal and informal social networks. At the end, I presented the limitations of older people during the epidemic and the discrimination of older people during the epidemic. I researched the characteristics of social networks of elderly people. I wanted to know how social networks of elderly people have changed during the epidemic and how they could have stayed unaltered despite the epidemic. In the discussion, I compared the obtained data with the interviews and found that those people, who live together with their family members during the epidemic, are maintaining their social networks with greater ease. The results have shown that all the participants in the research are engaged in hobbies and different activities during the day, which keep them busy. However, some of them are facing different limitations during individual activities. Social networks are important for elderly people. Elderly people have different ways to maintain contacts with their social network. The majority of the participants in the research reported about changes of their social networks during the epidemic. Changes of social networks were negative. Some have reported that their social networks did not change. The results have shown that the majority stated their informal social network as a source of assistance. The reasons for difficult maintaining of contacts during the epidemic were measures we were experiencing in order to contain the virus. During the epidemic, elderly people are also facing different negative emotions. The participants in the research also provided many different suggestions about how they could maintain their social networks during and after the epidemic. Based on the obtained data, I suggested some possible ways to encourage people to socialize again and to broaden the social networks of individuals.

V diplomskem delu obravnavam tematiko izzivov študentskih družin v času epidemije covid-19, ki so jih izredne razmere na novo izpostavile ali okrepile. Zanima me kako študentske družine doživljajo epidemijo covid-19, kaj opredeljujejo kot izzive in kaj kot nove potrebe, kakšne obremenitve ali ugodnosti so jim izredne razmere prinesle na področju pravic ter kakšne podpore so deležne. V raziskavo so vključeni študenti očetje in matere študentke, ki sem jih pridobila na podlagi priložnostnega vzorca. V teoretičnem delu najprej opredelim pojem študentske družine, predstavim osnovne pravice in izpostavim potrebe oziroma izzive študentskih družin nasploh. Določene potrebe, izzive in stiske nato predstavim še skozi vidik epidemije in tako opredelim kakšne spremembe je prinesla epidemija za študentske družine. V empiričnem delu predstavim rezultate kvalitativne raziskave, ki kažejo na različno, a predvsem stresno, doživljanje epidemije covid-19. Izpostavljeni so novi izzivi in potrebe, kot na primer ekonomske stiske ob manjših dohodkih in manjših možnostih dela ter večje potrebe po varstvu otrok, s čimer se študenti in študentke starši spopadajo na različne načine, glede na njim razpoložljive vire. Študenti in študentke starši zaradi epidemije covid-19izpostavljajo nekatere obremenitve, na primer zmanjšanje možnosti koriščenja pravic kot študentje in študentke ter ugodnosti, kjer se v največji meri izpostavljajo dodatki v sklopu ukrepov za omilitev posledic epidemije covid-19. Pomemben vir podpore študentskim družinam v času izrednih razmer je neformalna podpora, torej družina, partnerji in bližnji prijatelji. Formalne skupine, namenjene podpori študentskim družinam pa vsem študentom in študentkam staršem niso poznane, kar pomeni manjše uveljavljanje formalne podpore tudi v času epidemije covid-19. In my dissertation, I discuss the challenges of student families during the COVID-19 epidemic, which have been newly exposed or strengthened by the state of emergency. I am interested in exploring how student parents experience the COVID-19 epidemic, what they define as challenges and what as new needs, what burdens or benefits of rights the epidemic has brought them and what support they receive. The study included student fathers and student mothers, which I obtained based on a random sample. In the theoretical part, I define the concept of student families, present the basic rights and expose the needs and challenges of student families in general. Then I present certain needs, challenges and hardships through the aspect of the COVID-19 epidemic and define what changes the epidemic has brought to student families. In the empirical part, I present the results of a qualitative study that show a different, but above all stressful, experience of the COVID-19 epidemic. New challenges and needs are exposed, such as economic distress with lower incomes, lower employment opportunities and greater needs for childcare, which parent students face in different ways, depending on the resources available to them. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, students who are parents expose certain burdens, for example reducing the possibilities of exercising their rights as students and benefits, where allowances are mostly provided as part of measures to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic. An important source of support for student families during the COVID-19 epidemic is informal support like family, partners and close friends. Formal groups, dedicated to support student families, are not known to all students who are parents, which means less formal support during the COVID-19 epidemic.

V diplomskem seminarju preučujemo vpliv epidemije COVID-19 na izposojo različnih žanrov in naslovov tako leposlovne kot stvarne literature za odrasle. Posebej nas je zanimalo, ali je v tem času poraslo povpraševanje za literaturo na temo virusov in epidemij. Pomemben del naše raziskave je bil tudi ugotoviti spremembe pri uporabi fizičnih in virtualnih storitev med uporabniki knjižnic in pregledati širši vpliv epidemije na bralce. Omejili smo se na uporabnike Mestne knjižnice Ljubljana (MKL). Izposojo prikažemo s pomočjo letnih lestvic in žanrskega pregleda najbolj izposojanih naslovov tiskanih in elektronskih knjig v MKL pred epidemijo (leta 2017, 2018 in 2019) in med njo (od marca 2020 do marca 2021). Odziv uporabnikov smo dobili s spletno anketo. Lestvice kažejo, da po epidemiji ni prišlo do vidnih sprememb pri izposoji. Izposoja vsebin o virusih in epidemijah je bila pri obeh formatih neznatna. Anketa je pri večini respondentov pokazala pričakovano manjšo uporabo knjižničnih storitev, eden od glavnih razlogov za to pa je bilo onemogočeno brskanje po policah. Precejšen del anketirancev je lahko fizične storitve nadomestil z virtualnimi. Opaziti je bilo viden, a ne dramatičen porast posameznih spletnih storitev. Zaključimo lahko, da razmere niso bistveno vplivale na izposojo vsebin, so pa bralci do neke mere bolj uporabljali spletne storitve MKL. In this diploma thesis we study the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on the circulation of different genres and titles of both fiction and technical literature for adults. We were especially interested in any possible rise of demand for literature about viruses and epidemics. An important part of our research was to also identify changes in the usage of physical and virtual services among library users and survey the broader effect of the epidemic on readers. We limited ourselves to the users of the Ljubljana City Library (MKL). We show circulation with the help of annual rankings and genre overviews of the most circulated titles of print and electronic books in MKL before the epidemic (years 2017, 2018 and 2019) and during it (from March 2020 to March 2021). The response of users was gathered via web survey. The rankings show no visible changes in circulation. The circulation of contents about viruses and epidemics was insignificant in both formats. The survey showed an expected lower usage of services among most respondents with one of the main reasons being the inability to browse bookshelves. Many respondents managed to substitute physical services with virtual ones. There was a visible but not dramatic surge in the use of individual web services. We can conclude that the circumstances largely did not affect the circulation of contents, although readers did to some degree use the web services of MKL more.

Za uspešno reševanje javnozdravstvene krize je treba med posamezniki doseči izvajanje želenega (samo)zaščitnega odziva. Teorija pravi, da ima pri tem ključno vlogo posameznikova zaznana učinkovitost. H grajenju zaznane učinkovitosti pomembno prispeva komuniciranje upravljavcev krize. Njihova sporočila morajo biti sestavljena iz informacij, ki spodbujajo zmožnost izvajanja priporočenega odziva (samoučinkovitost), in iz trditev, ki sporočajo, da ta odziv deluje (učinkovitost odziva). Diplomsko delo preučuje krizno komuniciranje ključnih akterjev na področju javnozdravstvene krize, ki jo je povzročila epidemija covida-19 v Sloveniji – Vlade Republike Slovenije, Ministrstva za zdravje in Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje –, na družbenem omrežju Facebook. Glede na pomen in aktualnost tematike ter pomanjkanje obstoječih raziskav je poglavitni cilj diplomskega dela odgovoriti na raziskovalno vprašanje, kolikšen delež Facebook objav omenjenih akterjev komunicira učinkovitost in njeni dimenziji – samoučinkovitost in učinkovitost odziva – ter kako. S tem namenom je bila izvedena kvalitativna analiza vsebine 232 Facebook objav v izbranem časovnem obdobju, podatki pa so bili tudi kvantificirani. Rezultati kažejo na široko prisotnost sporočil o učinkovitosti med preučevanimi akterji in izpostavijo razkorak v zastopanosti njenih dimenzij: medtem ko je komuniciranje samoučinkovitosti visoko prisotno, se komuniciranje učinkovitosti odziva v splošnem izkaže za pomanjkljivo. Ugotovitve študije prinašajo vpogled v pomemben vidik kriznega komuniciranja znotraj javnozdravstvene krize in lahko služijo kot eno izmed izhodišč za komunikacijske izboljšave v morebitnih prihodnjih podobnih krizah. In order to successfully resolve a public health crisis, it is necessary to achieve the implementation of the desired (self-)protective response among individuals. Based on theory, what plays a crucial role in this, is individual's perceived efficacy. Crisis managers' communication can contribute significantly to building perceived efficacy. Their messages should consist of information that promotes the ability to perform the recommended response (self-efficacy) and of claims that the response will work (response efficacy). The thesis examines crisis communication of the key actors who managed the public health crisis caused by the covid-19 epidemic in Slovenia – the Government of the Republic of Slovenia, the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Public Health –, on the social network Facebook. Given the importance and relevance of the topic and the lack of existing research, the main goal of the thesis is to answer the research question, to what extent the mentioned actors' Facebook posts communicate efficacy and its two dimensions – self-efficacy and response efficacy – and how. To this end, a qualitative content analysis of 232 Facebook posts in the selected time period was conducted and the data were quantified as well. The results show a wide presence of efficacy messages among the studied actors and highlight the gap in the representation of its dimensions: while self-efficacy is widely communicated, communication of response efficacy generally proves to be insufficient. The findings of the study provide insight into an important aspect of crisis communication within the public health crisis and can serve as one of the starting points for communication improvements in potential future similar crises.