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Tomato is one of the most important species belonging to the Solanaceae family. Focusing on the importance of tomato in human nutrition and the problem of narrowed genetic variability, the aim of the study was to assess morphological and chemical diversity in IFVCNS germplasm collection. Twenty genotypes were analysed for the morphological and chemical fruit traits: average mass (g), length (cm), diameter (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), locules number, moisture content (%), total soluble solids (°Brix), ash content (%), total acidity (%) and pH value. Selected plant material for analysis included: landraces, traditional varieties, breeding lines and commercial varieties. Differences among tomato genotypes in all fruit traits were determined. Fruit mass and locules number had the highest coefficient of variation. The least differences between genotypes were observed in the fruit moisture content. Four principal components accounted for 90.6% of total variance or 36.5%, 24.2%, 19.8% and 10.1%, respectively. Along the axis of the first main component, genotypes were classified into three groups. The first component was defined by fruit length, diameter and mass. The second component was correlated with pericarp thickness and locules number, and the third with moisture content, ash content and total soluble solids. Based on the cluster analysis, genotypes were classified into three groups which were in agreement with the PCA groups. Hybridization between genotypes from different groups was proposed in order to create new hybrids and varieties and to increase tomato germplasm diversity. By crossing those genotypes, improved recombinations in morphological and chemical traits can be expected.

The experiment with drip irrigated pepper was conducted at the Rimski Šančevi experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad in 2019. The irrigation was scheduled on the basis of the water balance method. Two methods were used to compute the daily evapotranspiration of pepper (ETd): reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and evaporation from an open water surface (Eo). Crop coefficients (kc) and corrective coefficients (k) were used to convert ETo and Eo values into ETd. Kc and k were 0.3-0.4, 0.6-0.7, 0.9-1.1, 0.8-0.9 and 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 0.8 for initial stage, crop development, mid season, and late season, respectively. ETo was calculated by the Hargreaves equation. Eo values were measured by a Class-A pan located at a meteorological station near the experimental plot. Irrigation started when readily available water (RAW) in the 0.3 m soil layer was completely absorbed by plants. Differences in crop yield (Y) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) obtained using Eo (42.58 t ha-1, 15.20 kg m-3) and ETo (40.78 t ha-1, 14.56 kg m-3) were not statistically different. Evapotranspiration rate was 364.2 mm and 337.3 mm in Eo and ETo variant, respectively. The fact that the differences in Y and IWUE between different calculations of ETd were not statistically significant indicates that both methods can be recommended for irrigation scheduling programs for pepper in the climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region. However, priority should be given to ETo due to the easy accessibility and reliability of data.

Seed production of cucumber differs from mercantile production and has a number of specific characteristics. The conditions of successful production are the selection of plots, the proper selection of pre-crop and adequate and timely irrigation. When fertilizing, there have to be taken into account the feeding of nutrients, the state of fertility of the soil and the planned yield of the fruit (although only seed is extracted). The factors of key importance include: sow density, cropping, hoeing between rows of crops, the protection of crop from weeds, causes of diseases and pests and the moment of harvesting the fruit. Other important factors are the determination of ripening, the duration of fermentation, washing and drying of seed. As with any seed production, there are to be observed legal regulations regarding spatial isolation, varietal purity and adult-ration with other plant species and weeds. Only the production and trade of seed of cucumber varieties included in the list of agricultural and forestry varieties is permitted. The minimum seed quality prescribed by the law: the minimum purity of 98%, the minimum germination of 80%, no presence of weeds and other plant species, while the maximum moisture in the seed is 14%.

Late blight (LB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary is a highly destructive disease of tomato and appears worldwide. The losses caused by late blight depend on several factors, but main are weather conditions, genotype and amount of inoculum. The aim of this paper was to determine the reaction to the late blight in ten tomato genotypes under conditions of natural infection and to detect the potential sources of resistance. These genotypes are from tomato seed collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops. Two wild Solanum species (S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites), four varieties, two lines and one population were included in the trial. Weather conditions in Serbia in 2014 were very favourable for the disease development. Six assessments of LB intensity were performed from the end of June until the beginning of September. Per each genotype twenty four plants were evaluated according to 0-9 scale. Obtained data were transformed to percent and analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Intensity of LB symptoms on tomato plants in the second and third assessment in July was very low, up to 10%. In the following evaluations, the level of the infection increased and in the final assessment, wild species and local population grouped as less susceptible to the disease. However, the intensity of late blight, under extremely favourable weather conditions, was also high, 50% on wild species S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites and 70% on local population Volovsko srce.

This paper presents the impact of floral branches on the production of seeds and fruit The first and second nodes were the most important for yield. 1000 seed mass ranged from 2.82 g in variety Dunavski rubin, to 3.27 g in variety Novosadski jabučar. All genotypes showed significant differences in 1000 seed mass on I node. Mass of 1000 seeds in Novosadski jabučar and line V14 decreased from I to IV node, while in Dunavski rubin and Pegaz highest mass were on III node. Seed yield per plant ranged from 5.2 - 6.6 g. Total seed yield/ha ranged from 147 kg/ha (Pegaz) to 186 kg/ha (Novosadski jabučar). Very important parameter in tomato seed production is mass of fruit needed for 1 kilogram of dry seeds. Novosadski jabučar requires 247 kg of fruit, Pegaz 324 kg, line V14 332 kg, and Dunavski rubin 430 kg.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a vegetable from Solanaceae family and its fruit is used in human consumption. It is produced from seedlings in the Republic of Serbia and quantity of seed used for seedlings depends on germination and 1000 seed mass, and ranges from 250 to 350 g ha-1. The aim of this paper was to determine effect of fruit maturity stages and storage duration of harvested fruit on eggplant seed quality. Seed was extracted from technologically mature, semi-mature and botanically mature fruit. Germination energy, germination and 1000 seed mass were tested after seed extraction. Part of harvested fruit was stored for 10 and 20 days, after which seed was extracted and the same seed qualities were tested. It was determined that seed from technologically mature fruit had germination around 25%. In semi-mature fruit, germination abruptly increased from 2% (seed extracted after harvest) to 88% (seed extracted 20 days after harvest). Seed obtained from botanically mature fruit had maximum germination after storing for 20 days after harvest and amounted to 99%. In all tested variants, 1000 seed mass increased with storage life, and it reached 5.48 g in botanically mature fruit.

This study investigates variability of tomato genotypes based on morphological and biochemical fruit traits. Experimental material is a part of tomato genetic collection from Institute of Filed and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. Genotypes were analyzed for fruit mass, locule number, index of fruit shape, fruit colour, dry matter content, total sugars, total acidity, lycopene and vitamin C. Minimum, maximum and average values and main indicators of variability (CV and σ) were calculated. Principal component analysis was performed to determinate variability source structure. Four principal components, which contribute 93.75% of the total variability, were selected for analysis. The first principal component is defined by vitamin C, locule number and index of fruit shape. The second component is determined by dry matter content, and total acidity, the third by lycopene, fruit mass and fruit colour. Total sugars had the greatest part in the fourth component.

Cabbage is an important vegetable crop that is grown at 20,891 ha in Serbia. Growing cabbage as a double crop intensifies land use and increases the profitability of crop production. Double cropping of cabbage is a well-established practice in Serbia. Domestic cultivars and populations of cabbage predominate in the commercial production and this choice of assortment dictates the subsequent use of the harvested cabbage crop. The two main types of use are fresh consumption and pickling. Under Serbian growing conditions, the optimum time for late cabbage transplanting is the first half of July, a period characterized by high temperatures and insufficient and unevenly distributed rainfall. Growing cabbages during this period without the help of irrigation is a fairly risky proposition. Late cabbage cultivars and hybrids must be harvested before temperatures drops below -5°C. Cabbage can survive temperatures of -4°C to -5°C for only a limited period of time and prolonged exposure to such conditions will result in the plant being winterkilled and the head losing its market value.

Five local tomato populations and fourteen heirloom cultivars were analyzed in this study. The analyzed genotypes represent a part of tomato collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The following fruit and plant traits were analyzed: growth type, fruit color, fruit shape index, fruit weight, number of locules and dry matter content. Cluster analysis was performed so as to group the analyzed genotypes by homology and divergence. The aim of this article was to determine the importance of heirloom cultivars and local populations as sources of genetic variability in tomato breeding process.

Cabbage breeding at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops is aimed at the development of cultivars and hybrids whose properties meet the demands of the food processing industry and green market, intensive food production and human population, and which are adapted to the local agroclimatic conditions. This paper presents the main characteristics of a cabbage cultivar released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia in 2007. The cabbage cultivar Orion is primarily intended for fresh consumption in summer and pickling. The head is slightly flattened to oval-shaped, reddish white at cross section, with tender inner leaves, good taste and quality. The length of the growing season is 85-95 days (from transplanting to technological maturity). .

Five local tomato populations and fourteen heirloom cultivars were analyzed in this study. The analyzed genotypes represent a part of tomato collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The following fruit and plant traits were analyzed: growth type, fruit color, fruit shape index, fruit weight, number of locules and dry matter content. Cluster analysis was performed so as to group the analyzed genotypes by homology and divergence. The aim of this article was to determine the importance of heirloom cultivars and local populations as sources of genetic variability in tomato breeding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loose head packing is a frequent problem in cabbage production. This undesirable characteristic is typically attributed to the cabbage it self, when it is grown under unfavorable conditions and when it receives poor cultivation practices. Because of market demand on one side and weather conditions and cultivation practices on the other, cabbage is mainly harvested in a single turn. Further more, the harvested heads are not handled with due care. In other words, correct choice and application of cultivation practices may greatly improve head packing in the cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]