Značaj lucerke u srpskoj poljoprivredi, kao i njena velika tržišna vrednostnameće stalnu potrebu za unapređenjem proizvodnje ove krmne biljke koja zauzimavelike površine, kako u svetu tako i u našoj zemlji. Sveobuhvatni cilj doktorskedisertacije je da se oceni uticaj različitih sistema gajenja (režima kosidbe) na prinos ihranljivu vrednost lucerke, doprinese rešavanju praktičnih pitanja u proizvodnjilucerke (redefiniše optimalna količina semena za setvu) i odredi fenološka faza umomentu kosidbe u kojoj se postiže balans prinosa i kvaliteta suve materije lucerke.Trogodišnje istraživanje (2010-2012) je izvedeno na oglednim poljima Odeljenja zakrmno bilje Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, na dva lokaliteta(Rimski Šančevi i Čenej). Poljski ogled je postavljen po slučajnom blok sistemu u triponavljanja na oba lokaliteta. U radu su analizirane četiri sorte lucerke (Banat VS,Nijagara, NS Medijana ZMS V i NS Alfa); dve setvene norme od 8 i 16 kg/ha i trisistema kosidbe u zavisnosti od fenološke faze razvoja biljaka: I – rani (10% cvetalihbiljaka), II – srednje rani (50% cvetalih biljaka), i kasni (početak zametanja mahuna).Tretmani su aranžirani po sistemu podeljenih parcela (split-plot metod), a kao osnovna parcela (veličina 72 m2) korišćena je setvena norma, dok su sve ostale kombinacije sorti i režima kosidbe tretirane kao podparcele (veličina 6 m2). Dimenzijepodparcele su 5 m dužina i 1,2 m širina, sa međurednim razmakom od 20 cm. Razmakizmeđu blokova je 1 m.Među ispitivanim sortama nije bilo značajne razlike u visini prinosa ikomponentama prinosa suve materije lucerke, kao ni u pogledu njihovog kvaliteta.Različite količine semena za setvu lucerke, od 8 i 16 kg/ha, nisu uticale naprinos suve materije kao ni na komponente prinosa (visina biljaka, udeo lista uprinosu, broj izdanaka i broj biljaka). U umereno-kontinentalnim klimatskim uslovima,kakvi vladaju u većem delu u Republike Srbije, nema opravdanja povećanja setvenenorme iznad 16 kg/ha jer se setvom većih količina semena ne obezbeđuje dugoročnakorist u proizvodnji lucerke.Sistemi gajenja, odnosno kosidba lucerke u različitim fazama starosti useva(početak cvetanja, puno cvetanje i faza zelenih mahuna) imala je značajan efekat naprinos, komponente prinosa i hranljivu vrednost ispitivanih sorti lucerke. Najvećiprinos zelene krme ostvaren je pri ranoj kosidbi u fazi 10% cvetalih biljaka, dok jeprinos suve materije bio identičan pri košenju u fazi 10% i 50% cvetalih biljaka iiznosio je 15,9 t ha-1. Sistem kosidbe značajno je uslovljavao visinu biljaka, pri čemusu najviše biljke (81,5 cm) izmerene pri košenju u fazi zelenih mahuna. Najveći udeolista od 500,7 g/kg suve materije dobijen je kada se lucerka kosila na početkucvetanja. Učestalost kosidbe je značajno uticala na broj izdanaka po jedinici površine,koji se značajno smanjio pri kosidbi u kratkim vremenskim intervalima, odnosno u fazipočetka cvetanja biljaka. Fenološka faza razvoja u momentu kosidbe nije uticala nabroj biljaka po jedinici površine. Gustina lucerišta bila je slična pri košenju u fazi 10% i 50% cvetalih biljaka (240,7 i 246,3 bilj./m2).Rezultati analize o hranljivoj vrednosti lucerke ukazuju na značajan uticajuslova sredine i faze razvoja u momentu kosidbe za sadržaj sirovih proteina, dok jesadržaj vlakana bio uslovljen samo fazom u momentu košenja (sistemom kosidbe).Bolji kvalitet suve materije lucerke ostvaren je u vlažnoj godini (2010) u poređenju sasušnom godinom (2011). Sadržaj sirovih proteina u suvoj materiji lucerke sesmanjivao zbog smanjenja udela lista, dok se sadržaj NDF-a, ADF-a i ADL-a povećavaood faze početka cvetanja do faze zelenih mahuna.Kosidbom lucerke u četvorootkosnom i petootkosnom sistemu dobijeni suslični prinosi suve materije (15,9 t ha-1), dok se primenom trootkosnog sistemakosidbe ne iskorišćava genetički potencijal NS sorti, dobija se loš kvalitet i svarljivost(veći udeo vlakana), i dolazi do značajnog smanjenja prinosa suve materije lucerke(13,1 t ha-1). Kosidba lucerke u početku cvetanja biljaka (pet otkosa u godini) dajebolji kvalitet suve materije, odnosno veći sadržaj proteina i manji sadržaj vlakana(NDF, ADF i ADL)., The importance of alfalfa in Serbian agriculture, as well as its high marketvalue, imposes a constant need for the improvement of this forage crop productionthat occupies large areas both in the world and in our country. The overall objectivewas to evaluate the effect of different growing systems (cutting regimes) on yield andnutritional value of alfalfa, contribute to solving practical issues in alfalfa production(redefine the optimal amount of seed for sowing) and specify the phenological stagein the moment of cutting when the balance of yield and dry matter quality of alfalfa isachieved. Three-year study (2009-2012) was carried out on experimental fields ofForage Crops Department of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, attwo sites (Rimski Šančevi and Čenej). Field trial was set up in a randomized blockdesign with three replications at both sites. Four cultivars of alfalfa were studied inthis dissertation (Banat VS, Nijagara, NS Medijana ZMS V and NS Alfa); two sowingrates from 8 and 16 kg/ha and three cutting systems depending on crop phenologicalstage of development: I – early (10% of flowering plants), II – medium early (50% offlowering plants), and late (beginning of pod setting). Treatments were arranged by split-plot method, and the basic plot (size 72 m2) was used as the sowing rate, whileall the other combinations of cultivars and cutting regimes were treated as sub-plots (6 m2). Sub-plot dimensions were 5 m in length and 1.2 m in width, with interrowdistance of 20 cm. Inter-block distance was 1 m.There were no significant differences in yield and yield components of alfalfadry matter, or in their quality, among the tested cultivars.Different amounts of seed for alfalfa sowing, from 8 and 16 kg/ha, did notaffect the dry matter yield, or the yield components (crop height, leaf ratio in yield,number of shoots, and number of plants). In moderate-continental climaticconditions, which are present in the majority of the Republic of Serbia, there is nojustification for increasing sowing rate above 16 kg/ha, because higher sowing ratesdo not provide long-term benefit in alfalfa production.Growing systems or cutting alfalfa in different stages of crop maturity(beginning of flowering, full flowering and green pods stage) had significant effect onthe yield, yield components and nutritional value of tested alfalfa cultivars. Thehighest yield of green forage was achieved in early cutting at the stage of 10%flowering plants, while the dry matter yield was identical in cutting at the stage of 10% and 50% flowering plants and amounted to 15.9 t ha-1. Cutting systemsignificantly conditioned plant height, when the highest plants (81.5 cm) weremeasured in cutting at the stage of green pods. The highest leaf ratio from 500.7 g/kgof dry matter was obtained when alfalfa was cut at the beginning of flowering.Frequency of cutting significantly affected the number of shoots per area unit, whichnotably decreased during cutting in short time intervals, i.e. at the beginning offlowering stage. Phenological development stage at the moment of cutting did notaffect the number of plants per area unit. Alfalfa field density was similar to cutting at the stage of 10% and 50% flowering plants (240.7 and 246.3 plants/m2).Results of alfalfa nutritional value analysis indicated the significant effect ofenvironmental conditions and development stage at the moment of cutting on crudeprotein content, while fibre content was conditioned only by the stage at the momentof cutting (cutting system). Alfalfa dry matter had better quality in wet year (2010)than in dry year (2011). Content of crude proteins in alfalfa dry matter decreased dueto the reduction of leaf ratio, while the contents of NDF, ADF and ADL increased fromthe beginning of flowering stage to the stage of green pods.Similar yields of dry matter were achieved by cutting alfalfa with four and five cuts (15.9 t ha-1), while three cuts system did not use the genetic potential of NScultivars, lead to bad quality and digestibility (higher fibre ratio) and to significant yield decrease of alfalfa dry matter (13.1 t ha-1). Cutting alfalfa at the beginning offlowering (five cuts a year) gives better quality of dry matter, i.e. higher proteincontent and lower fibre content (NDF, ADF i ADL).