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Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zilustrowanie różnorodności postaw i poglądów współczesnych emigrantów w powieściach irackich. Nierzadko iraccy pisarze, którzy byli prześladowani, aresztowani lub byli świadkami śmierci swoich bliskich, wyemigrowali wspominając Irak, jako miejsce kaźni. W przytoczonych powieściach ukazane zostały losy bohaterów, których życie nierzadko było wypełnione dramatycznymi wspomnieniami o utraconej ojczyźnie, bliskich oraz pozbawionych nadziei na powrót do domu. Historie tych postaci potwierdzają, że decyzja o emigracji jest trudna, gdyż wymaga dostosowania kultury, obyczajów i języka, co często prowadzi do hybrydyzacji tożsamości. Brak wiedzy o nowej rzeczywistości, która często towarzyszy emigrantom w nowym kraju, spycha ich na margines życia społecznego, w którym starają się przetrwać. W tym artykule zostały przedstawione wybrane dzieła irackich pisarzy, takich jak Maḥmud Sa‘id, Muḥsin ar-Ramlī, Nuhà ar-Rāḍī i Haifā‘a Zangana, którzy doświadczyli tego samego losu, co ich bohaterowie.

The article deals with the problem of fantasy in Russian émigré literature of the first wave on the example of Vasily Yanovsky's prose. The author tries to show that fantasy in Yanovsky's prose has a diverse character. The writer reaches for science fiction motifs and introduces supernatural themes. Regardless of the nature of the fantasy motif, it always becomes a contribution to more serious social and moral considerations. The considerations were based on studies of literary fantasy by Tzvetan Todorov and Roger Callois. The interpretation also shows that Yanovsky's texts are full of intertextual references to the works of other authors.

Andrzej Wirth, a 20th century Polish essayist, philosopher and theatre critic, is one of the often forgotten theatre and drama scholars in Poland, perhaps due to his long life in exile. A recognized expert in theatre studies and philosophy, he has lectured at many universities around the world, especially in the United States and Europe. He gained particular recognition as the founder and director of the Institute for Applied Theatre Studies at the University of Giessen in Germany. The aim of this article is to introduce Wirth’s personality, outline his life between cultures and highlight his importance for the development of theatre studies in Germany, as well as his great contribution to the promotion of Polish literature in Germany in the mid-20th century. Andrzej Wirth’s life was beyond borders and divisions, although with a particular attachment to the culture of his homeland and Germany; he was rooted in childhood memories and a desire for theatre as a liberated art in an age of evolving media technologies.

Artykuł omawia działalność pochodzącego z Kujaw (z Szarleja nad Gopłem) Władysława Kościelskiego na terenie Imperium Osmańskiego. Po raz pierwszy znalazł się on na Bałkanach w 1849 r., skąd zamierzał przedostać się w szeregi węgierskich powstańców. Upadek tego powstania zmienił jego zamiary i z ramienia Agencji, na polecenie Michała Czajkowskiego, udał się do Widynia, do obozu uciekinierów z terenu Węgier. Jego działalność w obozie doczekała się różnych ocen. Z powodu nieporozumień ostatecznie w 1852 r. opuścił granice Imperium Osmańskiego. Ponownie pojawił się w Imperium na początku wojny krymskiej. Po jej zakończeniu pozostawał w służbie sułtana przez dłuższy czas, robiąc karierę wojskową i polityczną.

Polish Language in the Shade of March ’68: the Case Study of Polish Jews – French Immigrants The paper discusses the Polish language of Jews who emigrated from Poland to France between 1967 and 1980. An analysis of excerpts from interviews which contain discourse about the attitudes of the interviewees towards their mother tongue and its transmission, will allow us to answer the following questions: What place does the Polish language occupy in everyday life of the informers? What are their feelings towards their mother tongue? And lastly, how many of them have decided to pass the Polish language to their children, and so preserve it in their families?

Artykuł przynosi nową propozycję interpretacji poematu Jerzego Pietrkiewicza Sielanka stołeczna. Utwór, uznawany dotąd za przykład artystycznego oswajania obczyzny przez emigracyjną poezję, został przedstawiony jako poemat o obcości emigranta i o nieprzekraczalności granic, dzielących różne duchowości i różne kultury.

W artykule przedstawiono niektóre włoskie organizacje przestępcze, które rozszerzyły swą działalność poza teren Włoch. Ukazano również czynniki wpływające na kształtowanie się grup przestępczych i opisano historię wybranych grup tego rodzaju. Dokonano genezy słowa mafia. Zaprezentowano rodzaje przestępczości zorganizowanej oraz wskazano kierunki emigracji włoskich grup.

Language and ethnic identity. Ethnic identity of young Polish diaspora in a multicultural society More than two million people emigrated from Poland after the accession to the European Union. Most of them were young, and future parents. In the coming years, Polish diaspora will grow by several thousand children born outside of their parents’ homeland. These children will, and already do, face the necessity of reconciling the awareness of their Polish roots with the need to find their place inside the community of the country they live in. Language is the key both to their inherited culture, and to the culture of the host community. Polish, and the language of the dominant society. A generation of diaspora is now growing, that was immersed from birth in two languages and two cultures. It is the task of the parents, of the teachers, and of the Polish state, to make bilingualism the wealth of these children, and of both of their homelands. Well-planned work with parents is necessary, but most of all, an accurate identification of the mechanisms of linguistic interference in the conditions of life in two languages should be thoroughly investigated.

Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rusycystyczne Studia Literaturoznawcze is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rusycystyczne Studia Literaturoznawcze is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From 20 to 27 August 2018, the International Slavic Congress took place in Belgrade. The Commission held meetings that are accredited (affiliated) at the International Committee of Slavists. The Congress of Research on Emigration provided an opportunity to discuss the current state of research and their prospects for further development. The author of the article discusses the specifics of emigration research, paying particular attention to the achievements of Polish studies, and highlights the major tasks facing the Board and the Bureau of the Commission. An important stage in the activities of the commission is the decision to move its headquarters to Olsztyn, which strengthens the Institute of Eastern Slavic studies as one of the leading centres of emigration research, not only in Poland, but also in European science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th e purpose of the scientifi c article is to fi nd and single out the fi gures of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917--1921, who joined the public and political life of interwar Volyn, in the list of civilians imprisoned in the prisons of Western Ukraine and executed by decision of the secret resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) dated March 5, 1940. Th e methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, verifi cation, and scientifi city. Biographical, problemsearching, chronological, and retrospective methods are used. Th e method of local history, as well as the prosopographical approach, became important for recreating the main stages of the biography of the fi gures of the Ukrainian People's Republic who were on the "shooting" list. Scientifi c novelty. It was analyzed and singled out groups of UPR fi gures, activists of public, cultural, political, and cooperative life of the Volyn Voivodeship, who were arrested by the NKVD bodies, were included in a special list of those shot without trial, according to the resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) dated March 5, 1940. Conclusions. Th e Katyn crime is the collective name for the execution of Polish prisoners of war who were held in the Kozelskyi, Starobilskyi and Ostashkivskyi camps and civilians who were in prisons in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Th e lists of the latter are partly in the State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine in a separate fi le. As a result of the analysis of this list, the names of military and civilian fi gures of the UPR period who were connected with the Volyn Voivodeship in the interwar period were found and identifi ed, and their fate aft er their arrest by the NKVD authorities was clarifi ed. It has been proven that the list included both local natives and natives of the Trans-Dnipro region who, aft er the defeat of the revolution, settled as political emigrants in the territory of Western Volyn, which was part of the Second Polish Republic. Groups of Volyn ambassadors to the Polish Seim and Senate, fi gures of the regional political party Volyn Ukrainian Association, and representatives of the educational, cultural, religious, and coope rative life of the Volyn Voivodeship were singled out. It has been proven that the active civil position during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917--1921 and activities in the interwar period were the main reasons for the arrest by the NKVD authorities and, according to the secret resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of March 5, 1940, the subsequent execution of some persons, including prisoners in the prisons of Western Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ukrainian Historical Journal / Ukraïnsʹkij Ìstoričnij Žurnal is the property of Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slavia Meridionalis is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Polono-Ruthenica is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shape of modern culture is defined by the dominant anti-metaphysical and anti-religious trend, acquiring an anti-Christian character not only in the sphere of ontology and epistemology, but also axiology. From that point of view, a particularly important role is played by these trends that protect the threatened Christian values and the world-view associated with it. Among the leading trends is the contemporary conservatism, as both an ideology defying the secular model of society imposed by the French Revolution, and as a worldview that rejects the new meanings of existence and a new order of values that arose following the Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]