Search

Aim: To evaluate the detection rate of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with low cardiovascular risk (CVR)., Materials and Methods: The study included 182 RA patients with low CVR (mSCORE<1%) and no established cardiovascular diseases and a control group comprising 100 people. Atherosclerotic lesion of the carotid arteries was assessed using Doppler ultrasound of the carotid arteries and was determined by the detection of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) - the local increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex (IMT) >1.5 mm., Results: Carotid ASP were observed more frequently in RA patients with low CVR than in the control group (17% versus 8%; p =0.02). The frequency of ASP in RA patients with low CVR did not depend on the disease's stage or activity and ongoing therapy. In RA, the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with traditional risk factors: carotid ASP were detected 4 times more often in men than in women (48% versus 12%, p <0.01); carotid IMT correlated with age (R=0.46), body mass index (R=0.17), LDL-C level (R=0.20), systolic blood pressure (R=0.17); p <0.05 in all cases. According to a multivariate model, in RA, the risk of developing ASP increased in the presence of dyslipidemia (odds ratio - OR 2.97; 95% confidence interval - CI 1.36-6.49; p =0.006) and arterial hypertension (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.03-4.54; p =0.04). In RA patients with carotid ASP, sCD40L level was associated with carotid IMT (R=0.32; p =0.04) and cholesterol concentration (R=0.39; p =0.01)., Conclusion: Subclinical atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries were observed in 24% of RA patients with low cardiovascular risk and were detected almost 2 times more often than in the control group. In RA patients with low CVR, the risk of developing carotid ASP increased by 2-3 times with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia. The carotid IMT was associated with traditional risk factors - age, gender, lipid levels and blood pressure indicators, in cases of detection of ASP - with an immunoinflammatory marker - sCD40L.

Aim      To analyze frequency and profile of the lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in patients with dyslipidemia (DLP) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) in a population sample aged 55-84 years at the current time (2015-2017).Material and methods  Despite guidelines on DLP treatment and the availability of effective and safe lipid-lowering drugs, control of DPL in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is insufficient. Knowledge of the level of pharmaceutical correction of DLP in the Russian population is limited; it requires an LLT assessment in various regions and in a wide age range, and a regular monitoring taking into account changing approaches to the correction of DLP. A random population of men and women aged 55-84 years (n=3 896) was evaluated in Novosibirsk in 2015-2017 (project HAPIEE). A joint DLP category was established as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥3.0 mmol/l, or total cholesterol (TC) ≥5.0 mmol/l, or triglycerides (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/l, or LLT. The combined group of DLP and CMD included ischemic heart disease (IHD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and DLP. Regular LLD treatment for the recent 12 months, excluding the dosage of medicines, was assessed using the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. The conditional control of serum lipids was taken as the achievement of LDL-C &lt;3.0 mmol/l, TC &lt;5.0 mmol/l, and TG &lt;1.7 mmol/l.Results In the study sample, the total prevalence of DLP and CMD was 88 % (82.8 % for men and 91.3 % for women, p&lt;0.001). 48.3% of patients in the IHD group, 35.0% in the DM2 group, 29.4% in the DLP group, and 32.8% in the CMD group took LLT. Control of serum lipids was achieved in 18.3% (37.9 % of patients on LLT) of patients with IHD; 9 % (25.6 % of patients on LLT) of patients with DM2; 7.3 % (24.8 % of patients on LLT) of patients with DLP; and 9.0 % (27.6 % of patients on LLTсреди) in the DLP and CMD group. Women with DM2 and DLP more frequently achieved lipid control than men (p&lt;0.001). 98.7 % of study participants took statins as LLT.Conclusion      In the sample of urban population aged 55-84 years in 2015-2017, 90 % of patients had DLP or CMD, and at least ¾ of them required blood lipid control. The lipid control was achieved in every fifth IHD patient and in approximately 40% of those who took LLT. For DM2 or DLP patients, the lipid control was achieved in every tenth patient and in approximately 25% of those receiving LLT. Frequency of lipid control in IHD patients was comparable for men and women; in DM2 and DLP, men less frequently achieved the lipid control than women. About 70% of patients in the combined DLP and CMD group and more than 50% of IHD patients did not take LLT, which considerably contributed to the insufficient lipid control in primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic CVDs in this population.

The article discusses the development of occupational pathologies of the digestive system and it is associated with dyslipidemia. Selected the most informative indicators for timely identification of metabolic «targets» of damage in workers in chemical production of methanol.

Aim: To study the peripheral blood level of leptin and adiponectin and their possible effect on the functional status of the respiratory system in young asthmatic patients in relation to body mass index (BMI) for the optimization of asthma therapy., Materials and Methods: Examinations were made in 133 people, including a study group of 93 patients with asthma who were divided into 2 groups according to BMI: 1) those with a BMI of less 25 kg/m2 and 2) those with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more, as well as a control group of 40 apparently healthy patients. The investigators studied external respiratory function (ERF), the peripheral blood levels of leptin and adiponectin, the biochemical composition of plasma, by determining total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides., Results: Lipid metabolic disorders as dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, increased severity of disease, and decreased ERF were recorded in the concomitance of obesity and asthma. The peripheral blood level of leptin in young asthmatic patients with obesity was found to be associated with higher BMI., Conclusion: A more severe course of disease presenting with decreased ERF, impaired lipid metabolism, and elevated peripheral blood leptin levels were noted in the concomitance of asthma and obesity at a young age.

Aim: To evaluate the importance of lipoprotein(a) for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in patient under 40 years of age after acute myocardial infarction or acute cerebral circulation disorder., Materials and Methods: We analysed the data from two departments of the Regional Vascular Centre for 2013-2015 including 90 case histories of patients of different age (mean 57.8 ± 3.4 yr) and studied standard risk factors, such as age, sex, smoking habits, dyslipidemia, aggravated heredity, arterial hypertension (AH), obesity. Standard examination of 7 patients under 40 years of age was supplemented by measuring lipoprotein(a) by the immunoturbodimetric method regarding the levels over 0.3 g/l as abnormally elevated., Results: The study group was dominated by young and middle-aged men (85.2 and 84% respectively). The key risk factors were increased LDLP level (88%) and smoking (70%) in patients under the age of 40 and AH in middle-aged men (100%, p < 0.004). Arterial hypertension was also diagnosed in 59% of the younger subjects. Increased LDLP levels most frequently occurred in senior patients (90%). The group of patients under 40 yr included 15% of those having a single risk factor. In this group, 22% of the patients were at high risk calculated prior to the development of vascular events, 58% at moderate and 20% at low risk. 42.8% of the patients had elevated lipoprotein(a) levels., Conclusion: Based on the relative risk scoring scale, 22% of the patients under 40 years of age were at risk of myocardial infarction or cerebral circulation disorders prior to the development of vascular events. However, these patients like those of other age groups frequently had traditional risk factors, such as smoking (67.5%), AH and dyslipidemia (66.6% each). Total cholesterol was elevated only in 47.6% of the patients while LDLP and LP(a) in 92 and 42.8% respectively.

The authors considered systemic approaches to disclosing factors that promote metabolic syndrome formation and associated risk of ciculatory system diseases in drivers. Examination covered drivers with metabolic syndrome and without it. Findings are that metabolic disorders developing in drivers are occupationally conditioned. Length of service can determine cases numbers of cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus manifestations, more frequent combination of hyperglycemia and/or hyper-, dyslipidemia with abdominal obesity. The drivers with length of service over 15 years, aged over 35, demonstrated arterial hypertension in 35% of cases, postinfarction cardiosclerosis in 43% of cases, disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity in 55% of cases, and the number increases with length of service and reaches 80% of total examinees number by 55 years of age. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 37% of cases (in 75% of the workers first diagnosed) with over 20 years of service, average age of 50 years.

The study of risk factors for cardio-vascular continuum (CVC), the influence of the digestive tract endobiosis on lipid-carbohydrate metabolism and clinical status, a retrospective analysis of 1000 medical records of patients, suffering from various diseases of internal organs (Gastrointestinal tract, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity) in combination with periodontitis of varying severity, aged 20 to 55 years. A statistically significant relationship is directly proportional to the severity of inflammation of periodontal tissues with body mass index (BMI), especially pronounced in patients with a BMI ≥225 kg/m2 which is the "calling card" of the metabolic syndrome - clinical model polymorbidity.

In the course of inspection 1136 persons of different age and sex data on dynamics of the main components of lipid profile, the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in blood plasma and indicators of levels of free cortisol, melatonin sulfate, metanephrine and normetanephrine in urine daily were obtained. Clear age and gender differences related both to the content of atherogenic fractions of lipids in the blood, and types of dyslipidemia were revealed. Fundamental differences in the age dynamics of indicators of stress-realizing systems in men and women and the correlation of these indicators with the level of low density lipoproteins and atherogenic coefficient were identified. The data obtained may indicate different mechanisms of development of atherosclerosis and its associated pathological aging in people of different sex and age, which enables the practical use of research results for the earliest diagnosis and prognosis of a number of associated with age and pathological conditions.

Purpose: to analyze population values of blood lipid parameters in general populations of Russia, Poland and Czech Republic., Materials and Methods: In the frame of international project HAPIEE representative samples of general population were examined in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and six centers in the Czech Republic. The analysis included data of 25,469 men and women aged 45-69 years old., Results: The average levels of total cholesterol (TC), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were found relatively high in all centers, though average levels of blood triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were within "normal" range. In Novosibirsk mean levels of blood TC and LDL-C in persons of both sexes were obtained the highest among the study participants: 6.3 mmol/ and 4.1 mmol/l, respectively (p < 0.001). But the level of blood triglycerides (1.5 mmol/l) in Novosibirsk was the lowest, and HDL-C (1.5 mmol/l) was the highest among three centres. There were clear trend of increasing concentration of blood TC, non-HDL-C,LDL-C and blood atherogenic indexes with increasing age in both sexes of all participating countries. In Czech Republic levels of blood TC, LDL-C, HDL-C in both sexes were relatively low: 5.7 mmol/l, 3.5 mmol/l, 1.4 mmol/l, respectively, but the level of blood TG were higher, than in other centers (1.9 mmol/l). Women of all centers had more demonstrative age changes of the blood lipid profile, than men., Conclusions: The average levels of blood TC, non-HDL-C and LDL-C in men and women aged 45-69 years old in Russia (Novosibirsk) were higher and level of blood TG was lower than in Poland and the Czech Republic.

Objective: to perform a complex ophthalmological and general examination of patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to derive classification criteria for retinal ischemia., Materials and Methods: A total of 44 patients with RVO and macular edema and 20 controls were enrolled. All patients underwent a thorough ophthalmological and general examination and clinical laboratory testing., Results: Cardinal risk factors of RVO development were derived from among somatic illnesses and laboratory results. Regional hemodynamics assessment helped identify the most significant systolic and diastolic blood flow disturbances in the central retinal vein and central retinal artery circulation systems. Profound changes in electrophysiological parameters were found. Statistical analysis of the collected data allowed to identify 3 stages of retinal ischemia., Conclusion: The established risk factors of RVO development, regional blood flow impairment and original classification criteria for retinal ischemia make it possible to predict the course of the disease and treatment effect.

Aim: To study the specific features of blood lipid composition in combat veterans (CVs) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)., Subjects and Methods: One hundred and sixty-one CVs were examined; their mean age was 42.8 +/- 0.7 years. All the patients underwent a clinical and neurological examination using additional studies. I.O. Kotenev's trauma stress questionnaire was used. The mean intensity of PTSD was 65.5 +/- 0.95 scores. Fasting biochemical blood tests were carried out using clinical chemical analyzers., Results: Dyslipidemias characterized mainly by elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins are identified in the majority of present-day CVs. Higher triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoproteins are encountered 2 and 1.5 times more frequently, respectively. A tendency has been found towards an inverse correlation between the degree of PTSD and the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins., Conclusion: Neuroendocrine changes accompanying PTSD and leading to intensified adrenergic influences are an important trigger of accelerated hyperlipidemia development in CVs. Age-related changes and metabolic hepatic disorders associated with alcohol abuse and consequences of prior infectious diseases have become to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemias in patients over 40-45 years of age.

Objective: to assess prevalence of various clusters of metabolic syndrome (MS) in open male population aged 25- 64 years., Methods: This cross sectional epidemiological study was conducted on a representative population sample formed from lists of male voters in one of administrative districts in Tumen. NCEP ATP III (2004) MS criteria were used in analysis., Results: Prevalences of MS were different in various 20 year age intervals. Most frequent 3-component MS variant (5.6%) was combination of arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity, and hyperglycemia; combination of these factors with hypertriglyceridemia was most frequent 4-componet variant (1.5%).

The aim of this work was to study the influence of atorvastatin, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, on microrheologic properties of erythrocytes in patients with arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. 33 patients (mean age 52.8+-1.7 years) having grade I-II AH with type IIb dyslipidemia, risk 3 (DAGZ criteria. 2008) were compared with 26 age-matched healthy subjects. Atorvastatin therapy optimized blood lipid spectrum, lipid peroxidation, and lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes within 16 weeks after the onset. It decreased activated lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes due to enhanced antioxidant protection. The blood diskocyte level was normalized within 16 weeks of therapy. Simultaneously, the total number of reversibly and irreversibly altered erythrocytes decreased to the stable normal level. The total number and size of erythrocytes in an aggregate were also close to those in healthy subjects while the amount of unbound cells increased.

The article present literature and original data on rare cases of postprandial angina which is a symptom of postprandial syndrome. The latter is characterized with dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfinction, proinflammatory and prothrombogenic shifts in the blood.

Aim: To elucidate associations between high level of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in children of persons with premature (onset <55 years, men; <60 years, women) coronary heart disease (PCHD) with own and parental characteristics., Material and Methods: We surveyed 133 families: probands (n=122, 80.7% men) with PCHD, spouses (n=95, 12.1% men) and native probands children (n=177, 55.8% men) aged 5-34 years. Factors associated with high ( more or equal 30 mg/dl) LP(a) were selected by logistical regression with adjustment for sex and age separately in younger (5-17 years, n=83) and adult (18-34 years, n=94) children., Results: High LP(a) was high in 21 (25.3%) younger children. Factors independently associated with high LP(a) in this group were apoprotein B (apo B) (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.05, =0.025) and plasminogen 1.03 (CI 1.01-1.06, =0.027) of these children; high Lp(a) 8.92 (CI 1.98-40.2, =0.0044) and apo B 1.03 (CI 1.00-1.05, =0.047) of consort-parent; high Lp(a) 12.3 (CI 2.88-52.8, =0.0007), high education 5.59 (CI 1.36-23.1, =0.017) and atherogenic dyslipidemia (a-DLP) 0.16 (CI 0.04-0.74, =0.019) of proband-parent. LP(a) was high in 25 (26.6%) adult children. It was independently associated with own low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 1.71 (CI 1.09-2.69, =0.019); high Lp(a) 13.6 (CI 2.39-77.7, =0.0033) and LDL-C 3.38 (CI 1.28-8.92, =0.014) of consort-parent; high Lp(a) 26.9 (CI 5.48-132.3, =0.0001) and a-DLP 0.13 (CI 0.02-0.82, =0.030) of proband-parent., Conclusions: High Lp(a) levels in these groups of children of patients with premature CHD were associated with characteristics of both parents especially with their elevated Lp(a). Other predictors of high LP(a) were also plausible except high education of proband-parent which possibly reflected some unaccounted factors. Association of high Lp() of children of both age groups with atherogenic dyslipidemia of proband-parent requires confirmation.

We studied the character of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in diabetic patients depending on the severity of depression. It was shown that depressive symptoms in excess of 10 scores by the Beck scale are predictors of atherogenous dyslipidemic disorders, atherosclerotic changes in peripheral vessels and cardiac valves, myocardial remodeling, and asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction. Also, DM-associated depression proved to reflect resistance to orthostatic hypotension. Results of the study suggest the necessity of dynamic evaluation of the affective status of DM patients based on subjective depression scales that could be used by a therapist or endocrinologist without special preliminary training.

Aim: To assess a set of risk factors (RF) for coronary heart disease in myocardial reinfarction patients aged less than 60 years., Subjects and Methods: A multitude of probable RFs that might predispose to the development of MI or provoke its occurrence were studied in 526 male patients aged less than 60 years, who had primary (n = 281) and repeated (n = 245) myocardial infarction (MI) from the results of hospital treatment., Results: Lipid metabolic disturbances, smoking, arterial hypertension (AH), foci of chronic infection, and overweight were ascertained to be the most common RFs in patients less than 60 years. There was a history of dyslipidemia (100%), AH, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias in the complicated course of repeated MI. When these RFs are combined, the likelihood of disease complications and death increases., Conclusion: According to the results of estimation of the spread of RFs for myocardial reinfarction, it is proposed to enhance the monitoring of lipidogram readings, blood pressure value, magnitude of the symptoms of heart failure, and serum glucose levels, and infection foci sanitization and to improve patients' awareness about a risk from smoking and lower physical activity.

The main purpose of this research was to study the impact of hormonotherapy on changes of the lipid metabolism in patients with breast cancer. 451 breast cancer patients were under investigation. Depending on the treatment method, all patients were divided into four groups. The first group was composed of 117 patients who received hormonotherapy consisting of tamoxifen 20 mg/day; the second group was composed of 115 patients who received Toremifen 60 mg/day; The third group was composed of 106 patients who received Toremifen 240 mg/day; The fourth group consisted of 113 patients who received Letrozol 2,5 mg/day. To determine of lipid metabolism disorders, we estimated cholesterol fractions, triglycerides and high and low density lipoproteins both prior to the beginning of hormonotherapy, and in 3, 6, 12 months. After 12 month of hormonotherapy with Tamoxifen 20 mg/day all fractions of very low density lipoproteins were increased. Patients treated with Toremifen 240 mg/day demonstrated increase of total cholesterol and triglycerides in blood and decrease of concentration of high density lipoproteins. In the groups of patients who were treated with Toremifen 60 mg/day and Letrazol 2,5 mg/day any considerable disorders of lipid metabolism was not observed. It is concluded that hormonotherapy of the breast cancer may lead to the disorders of lipid metabolism, which may also lead to disorders of heart-vascular system.

The prevalence of preclinical forms of cardiovascular diseases diagnosed by EchoCG, Holter monitoring, functional test, ultrasound of extracranial arteries was analysed among practically healthy subjects at risk of CHD who underwent primary outpatient examination in 1986-1995 Another 172 persons at high risk of cardiovascular disorders were included in the "vascular run" program for short-term medical examination. It is shown that the frequency of pathological conditions diagnosed by the above methods increases in case of combined arterial hypertension and metabolic disturbances (dyslipidemia, excessive body mass, glucose intolerance). Prospective observations revealed high prognostic value of comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular system. It is concluded that a program of primary evaluation of the cardiovascular system using functional diagnostic tests for the discovery of preclinical disorders in practically healthy subjects should be developed on an individual basis with regard for risk factors and their magnitude.

This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of dynamic patterns of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-alpha) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and restenosis of coronary stents 14 months after their implantation for long-term prophylaxis of dyslipoproteinemia. A total of 40 patients with IHD of advanced functional classes (FC) were examined. Blood cytokine levels were measured before, 1 day, and 12-18 months after coronary stenting. Two groups of 23 and 17 patients included cases with recurrent angina and without it respectively. The main parameters measured in the study were in-stent restenosis rate, incidence of' acute myocardial infarction (AMI), mortality rate, frequency of hospitalization for unstable angina, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Considerable activation of cytokines in patients with post-infarction cardiac dysfunction who rarely resorted to therapy with statins (16.7%) was associated with the high rate of recurrent coronary insufficiency related to in-stent occlusion (8.7%), progressive atherosclerosis (65.2%), impaired myocardial perfusion, and restenosis of coronary stents (26.1%). Patients lacking apparent expression of serum cytokines after revascularization while receiving efficacious secondary prophylaxis of dyslipidemia (13.8 and 17% decrease of triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol respectively, p = 0.04) had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved by 12.5% (p = 0.03%), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) decreased by 15.8% (p = 0.03), and frequency of ischemic perfusion defect (PD) reduced by 45.3% (p = 0.01). Moreover, they showed low incidence of progressive coronary atherosclerosis (17.6%) in the absence of in-stent restenosis. It is concluded that the frequency of restenosis of coronary stents after endovascular myocardial revascularization depends on the preprocedural rise in IL-1b content (R = 0.62, p = 0.0023). It is concluded that long-term secondary prophylaxis of dyslipoproteinemia in patients with ischemic dysfunction at risk of coronary restenosis effectively (more than thrice) decreases the occurrence of coronary stent restenosis after endovascular revasularization.

The purpose of the investigation was to study the character of myocardial and vascular revascularization by the example of the carotid artery (CA) in young patients with arterial hypertension in correlation with biochemical and clinical data. Sixty-eight patients were examined. EchoCG and sonography were performed using SONOS 4500 device. Left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM) was calculated using R. Devereus formula. Intimomedial thickness (IMT) was measured in the ostium of the common CA (CCA) bifurcation. Lipidogram was performed by "dry chemistry" method using Reflotron bioanalyzer. An elevated LVMM index was revealed in 65% of the subjects. Concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy prevailed over other types of myocardial remodeling (53%). LV diastolic dysfunction was found in 23% of the patients; LV systolic dysfunction was revealed in 56% of the subjects. IMT was increased in 27% of cases, C- and S-shape curvatures were revealed in 56.6% of the patients. In 31.3% of the subjects, atherosclerotic plaques with a 20% to 50% stenosis were found. Various forms of dyslipidemia were revealed in 75.6% of the patients. In conclusion, dyslipidemia and lesion of target organs in a form of myocardial and vascular remodeling require active antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy to prevent complications.

Unlabelled: Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor of coronary artery disease. The reduction of elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in childhood may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Aim of the study was to assess prevalence and trends in lipid profile and lipid disorders in adolescent population in Novosibirsk (1989-2003)., Methods: Four cross-sectional surveys of school children aged 14-17 years in 1989 (n=656), in 1994 (n=620), in 1999 (n=626) and in 2003 (n=667) were carried out. Total sample was 2569 (1214 males and 1355 females). Blood total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) were measured by enzymatic methods. LDL-C was calculated with Friedwald's formula. Associations of blood lipids with age, sex, year of study, body mass index (kg/m2), blood pressure and main nutrients of diet were measured by GLM method. Prevalence of dyslipidemia was evaluated with NCEP-peds criteria. Diet was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall., Results: During the 15-year period (1989-2003) mean serum TC decreased from 175 to 162 mg/dl in males and from 191 to 175 mg/dl in females (p < 0.001). Average levels of LDL-C also fell significantly during this period, but no changes in HDL-C levels were found. Females had significantly higher mean TC and LDL-C than did males at all surveys (p < 0.001). According to NCFP-peds criteria prevalence of high TC (200 mg/dl und more) during the period (1989-2003) significantly decreased from 22% to 8% (p < 0.01) in males and from 32% to 17% (p < 0.05) in females. Frequencies of low HDL-C (< 40 mg/dl) also decreased in boys and girls (p < 0.05 for both gender groups). Significant regression coefficients for TC controlled by age, sex and year of study were revealed with body mass index, diastolic blood pressure and triceps skinfolds. Trends in diet during the period showed significant decrease of total energy and basic nutrient intakes (proteins, fats and carbohydrates)., Conclusion: During the period of socioeconomic reforms in Russia (1989-2003) the lipid profile and prevalence of atherogenic dislipidemias in adolescents of Novosibirsk significantly changed following the changes of body mass index and diet.

Aim: To assess frequency of atherogenic dyslipidemia in postmenopausal residents of Ekateringurg., Methods: Cross-sectional study included 1100 female patients of outpatient menopausal clinic. All were residents of Ekaterinburg aged from 28 to 64 years. The participants of the study were divided into 3 groups; the 1st group consisted of women younger than 45 years, the 2nd group included persons aged between 45 and 54 years, in the 3rd group comprized patients aged from 55 to 64 years., Results: Normal lipid metabolism parameters were found in 18% of women. Most frequent dyslipidemias were 2A (44%) and 2B (26%) types. Frequencies of stable angina on exertion, transitory cerebral ischemic attacks, and myocardial infarction increased after the age of 45 years., Conclusion: More than 80% of symptomatic postmenopausal women had atherogenic dyslipidemias. The percentage of postmenopausal women who had indication for lipid lowering therapy was high.

Chronic diseases of gall-bladder are found in 3-5% of pregnancies. Lipid metabolism also undergoes essential changes. The aim of our investigation was to study the peculiarities of lipid metabolism in pregnant patients with chronic cholecystitis. 33 pregnant patients with chronic cholecystitis have been investigated. The duration of pregnancy was 36,8+/-0,4 weeks. Control group consisted of 30 practically healthy pregnant patients in the third trimester. All parameters of lipid metabolism have been determined by biochemical analysis. The parameters of lipid metabolism became significantly impaired in patients with chronic cholecystitis in comparison with controls. They revealed significant both direct and inverse correlations with sex hormones. Obtained results point the organism adaptive mechanisms expressed in the increase of antiatherogenic fraction of total cholesterol; also the influence of sex hormones. In pregnancy, physiological dyslipidemia increases, which is metabolic basis for the development of "prestage" of gall-stone--cholestasis of gall-bladder.

The authors studied prevalence of atherosclerosis, serum levels of lipids and homocysteine in coal miners suffering from pulmonary dust diseases. More marked hyperlipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with combination of atherosclerosis and pulmonary dust diseases. Respiratory failure as a complication of pulmonary dust diseases promotes hyperlipidemia.

Aim: To characterize prevalence and features of rheumatic diseases in patients with metabolic syndrome, metabolic disturbances in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD), to ascertain their most frequent variants and characteristics., Material and Methods: After examination of 1291 therapeutic patients 19 to 79 years of age for metabolic syndrome (MS), those with MS were screened for RD. In parallel, 1212 RD patients were studied for associated pathology: arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and other components of MS. A separate electronic matrix was created for each of the two groups. Statistics were obtained using standard programs Statistica 6.0 and MS Excel 2000 for Windows XP 2000., Results: MS was detected in 317 (24.6%) patients seeking medical advice (mean age 54.11 +/- 0.59 years). MS was complete in 272 (85.8%) patients, 287 (90.5%) had arthralgia, 131 (41.3%)--episodes of painful joints swelling in the presence of family history. RD were detected in 295 (93.1%) MS patients. Osteoarthrosis, osteochondrosis and systemic osteoporosis occurred most often. Various metabolic disorders occurred in all the examinees with RD. The disorders were most pronounced in patients with gout and osteoarthrosis., Conclusion: MS patients comprise a group of a high risk for RD, especially gout and osteoarthrosis.

The subjects of the study were 43 patients with II- III functional class coronary heart disease (CHD) and dyslipidemia, who received conventional cardial therapy. The patients were divided into two groups: group I (26 subjects) received vasilip, a simvastatin generic, in a dose of 20 mg a day; group 11 (17 subjects) received vasilip in a dose of 20 mg a day plus cudesan in a dose of 1 ml a day, which contained 30 mg of ubiquinone Q 10 and 4.5 mg of alpha-tocopherol. Effects of the therapies on blood lipids, their peroxides, and the antioxidative status of blood were studied. After one month, vasilip was effective in achieving the target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 62% of group I patients and 65% of group II patients; at the same time, its use led to a significant increase in the level of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation (LP) products (25% and 29%, respectively), and lowering of the antioxidative status of blood, which consisted in a decrease in ceruloplasmin (CP) serum level and CP: transferrin (CP:TF) ratio by 6% in group I patients. The use of cudesan in combination with vasilip led to a significant decrease in the level of primary and secondary LP products (30% and 29%, respectively), and an increase in the level of serum CP by 25.7%, and CP: TF ratio by 12.5%.

Studies covered structure and frequency of dislipoproteinemia in coal miners,the authors demonstrated correlation of etiologic factors and role of occupational factor in atherogenic dislipoproteinemia development. SCORE system helped to assess individual overall risk of fatal cardiovascular diseases development in miners.