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The search for heavy metal concentrator plants is important in terms of diagnostics and remediation. In the course of the work, the gross contents of Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb were measured in the leaves of poplar Populus Canadensis Moench and ash Fraxinus Americana L. These trees are often used in the landscaping of populated areas. Air-dry samples of tree leaves collected during one growing season at 5 sites located on the territory of Kirov (Russia, Kirov oblast) were studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Zinc was accumulated to a greater extent in poplar leaves. Maximum accumulation of zinc was noted in the industrial areas of the city. Ash leaves largely accumulated copper and lead, the content of which was high throughout.

Estuaries as a connecting link between freshwater and marine ecosystems play a special role in salmon rivers. The success of adaptation of juvenile salmonids during the transition to the marine period of life depends on the conditions in estuaries. The work continues the previously started series of publications on the rivers of Sakhalin Island. Using the example of one of the small watercourses in the southeastern part of the island, the hydrological parameters and the structural organization of benthos communities in the atypical estuary have been considered. In the absence of storm surges, penetration of sea water into the water body does not occur; at high tide, water with a salinity of more than 12 psu is observed only at the mouth at the bottom; at low tide, the estuary is completely filled with water with a salinity of 0.1 psu and lower. Studies of the hydrological regime and composition of the bottom fauna were carried out in July 2022. Zoobenthos samples were taken along the longitudinal profile of the estuary at five sections (75 samples in total). Most of the estuarine reach is inhabited by species characteristic of the lower parts of the island watercourses. High environmental variability determines the formation in the estuary of young and unstable benthos communities represented by rapidly reproducing small-sized species.

The history of North Africa has been always tightly connected to events occurring in Eurasia. Human migrations in both directions are well-documented in written sources and archaeological records. To gain a comprehensive understanding of historical processes, it is essential to study the remains of individuals who inhabited this region during various time periods. A lack of cranial metric data on the Medieval population of North Africa impedes thorough investigation of the population history of the region. This paper presents a craniometric study of the sample from the Southern necropolis at Deraheib. This study contributes to filling the existing void in the understanding of the Medieval population of North Africa. According to written sources, the site was a center of gold mining, known as the city of al-Allaki, dated to the 9th to 15th centuries AD. The city attracted a diverse population seeking economic opportunities. Besides this, Al-Allaki served as an important point on the caravan route which was utilized by merchants and pilgrims traversing the Nubian Desert on their way to Jeddah. The study analyzes cranial metrics of a total of 23 individuals (14 male and 9 female) skulls recovered from the southern necropolis Deraheib sample and employs 55 linear dimensions, following Martin's/Howells craniometric protocol as well as some additional measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using the R language packages and the Multican software. Our results revealed heterogeneity of the sample in male and female parts of the sample at the intragroup level: an observation aligning with existing archaeological and historical evidence. The limited size of the sample warns against any firm conclusions regarding affinities of the Deraheib population. Our intergroup comparison has shown that the cranial sample from the Southern Necropolis of the Deraheib site displays morphological features that are more similar to neighboring Caucasoid populations rather than equatorial groups from East Africa.

Pulmonary aspergillosis has always been considered as a disease that occurs in patients with certain risk factors for its development. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that fungal complications are common in patients without aspergillosis risk factors. Thus, invasive aspergillosis is a common complication of COVID-19. There are rare reports of aspergilloma that developed after a severe coronavirus infection in individuals who did not previously have cavitary lesions in the lungs. Development of aspergilloma as an expected long-term complication after COVID-19 may be due to damage of lung structure caused by coronavirus infection, oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. This article describes a case report of aspergilloma in a patient with confirmed severe COVID-19 and background chronic diseases without risk factors for fungal infection. A review of publications on the development of aspergilloma in patients following COVID-19 is also presented.

The article is devoted to the study of coping behavior with a negative emotional state of mothers raising children 1–3 years old. The process of giving birth and raising a child is associated for a woman with certain difficulties and experiencing a high level of psychological stress, which determines the relevance of the study. The study tested hypotheses about the differences in the manifestation of a negative emotional state and the choice of coping behavior by mothers with one child 1–3 years old and mothers with two or more children, one of whom is 1–3 years old. The obtained results show the differences between the groups in the coping strategy "positive reassessment" and in such parameters of the emotional state as personal anxiety, the general indicator of depression and manifestations of cognitive symptoms of depression, as well as a tendency to differences in situational anxiety. The correlation analysis made it possible to identify the relationship between various parameters of the emotional state and the chosen coping strategies both for the whole sample and for each of the two groups (mothers with one child 1–3 years old and mothers raising two or more children, one of whom is 1–3 years old). At the end of the article, general recommendations are given for providing psychological assistance to women raising children 1–3 years old. Different directions of work are proposed to reduce the negative emotiona state of mothers raising children 1–3 years old, the choice of which depends on whether a woman is raising one child of this age or several children, one of whom is 1–3 years old.

The article is devoted to the problem of preservation of national archives, objects of culture and art in the context of the current Russian-Ukrainian war. For this purpose, the experience of the largest world wars of the 20th century was studied. The issue of protection of valuable historical archives and library collections of Ukraine was separately considered. On the example of the Hague Convention of 1954, the difficulties in solving this problem in the international legal field were cited.The main theses of the national doctrine on the protection of cultural heritage, which were formed based on the results of the international forum “War in Ukraine: the battle for culture”, were considered. Based on these provisions, the main problems faced by state bodies, employees of archives, museums and libraries were identified. Methods of error and deficiencies correction are proposed. Examples of cooperation between governmental and non-governmental organizations (including international ones), specialists in this field, military and volunteers were given. The technologies and resources used for the physical and virtual preservation of culture and art objects are considered. The path of creating, since the Second World War, special forces, which were involved in operations for the protection and rescue of cultural and historical artifacts, has been studied. The relevant experience of the Ukrainian military working in accor dance with the provisions of the Hague Convention, is shown. Possible variants of a diplomatic solution to the problem of the return of stolen cultural and historical values under different scenarios of the war’s end were considered.

Problem. The determination of the stages of stability for vehicles as technical systems when moving uphill on an inclined section of the road and their possible longitudinal roll back is considered. The considered stages ensure the safe operation of vehicles in various conditions and with various combinations of the values of the parameters that are included in the proposed equations characterizing the stability of the vehicle. Goal. The purpose of the paper is to improve the method of researching the physical foundations of the stability of vehicles when moving uphill on an inclined plane, the formation of mathematical models, which allows to significantly improve the mathematical support of the methods of calculating the stability of two-axle vehicles (cars, trucks, tractors, special and specialized vehicles, etc.) Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to achieve the set goal are based on the classical laws of the mechanics of free-standing or moving objects, namely: the principle of possible movements, where calculated dynamic and mathematical models with their solutions are able to preserve the given conditions and parameters, and characterize the state of stability of the vehicle in case of its longitudinal roll back. Results. It was established and confirmed by a numerical examples that the longitudinal stability of a vehicle moving uphill depends on the longitudinal road slope, the vehicle design, the elasticity of the road surface, the critical overturning angle of the vehicle and its weight parameters. Originality. The proposed mathematical model of the longitudinal stability of the vehicle when moving uphill showed that its solution significantly depends on the values of the geometric parameters of the uphill and the vehicle, and also depends on the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle relative to the surface of the road surface. Practical value. The obtained equations for determining the values of the stability parameters of the vehicle when moving uphill on an inclined road section make it possible to specify the parameters for ensuring the logistics of vehicles in the conditions of their operation on uphill.

Fire tests of reinforced concrete floor slabs do not allow the detection of the onset of the boundary state due to loss of entirety because blocks are installed on the unheated surface to reproduce the design load. This prevents the formation of cracks through which toxic combustion products, smoke, and temperature spread can penetrate. Determining a building structure’s actual fire resistance limit was fixed at the onset of any fire resistance boundary state. It was proven that calculation methods for fire resistance assessment have significant advantages over experimental methods. To reduce the number of finite elements for a rational calculation of the fire resistance assessment of a reinforced concrete hollow core slab, a geometric model of 1/4 of this structure was built. The possibility of visualizing the studied structure at full scale was realized when obtaining the calculation results. The stress-strain state of the studied structure was evaluated based on the thermal and mechanical loading results applied to the reinforced concrete hollow core slab. Thus, the work’s objective was achieved based on the calculation experiments’ results. A methodology was developed for calculating the destruction of a reinforced concrete hollow core slab while assessing its fire resistance. Scientific fundamentals for determining the onset of the boundary state of loss of entirety were developed. The proposed methodology allowed for a reliable assessment of the fire resistance of such structures.

The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the increase in the number of surgical interventions in the face prompted us to study the impact of metabolic syndrome on the healing processes of thewound surface and complications after planned plastic surgery. One of the reasons for this may be a change in the hemomicrocirculatory channel of the skin. Since the vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva originate from the branches of the internal carotid artery, and the blood supply of the facial skin is also provided by the branches of the internal carotid artery, it was concluded that changes in the microcirculation of the conjunctiva of the eye will correlate with changes in the microcirculation of the skin. The aim of the work was to study the characteristics of hemomicrocirculation of the conjunctiva of the eye in women with metabolic syndrome. 60 women age from 39 to 55 years who apply surgical help for cosmetic skin defects were examined. The control group consisted of 30 almost healthy women. Manifestations of metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, hypertension, body mass index > 30 kg/m2, increased triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoproteins) were registered in 30 women who were included in the main group. The study of the hemomicrocirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva was carried out with the help of vital microscopy using a Zeiss SL 160 slit lamp (Germany) with a magnification from 5 to 50 times according to the methodology approved by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. In women with metabolic syndrome, were found significant changes in the hemomicrocirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva of the eye, which was manifested in a violation of the parallelism of the arrangement of microvessels, a significant increase in the frequency of detection of microaneurysms, the development of myogenic dystrophy, and an increase in the number of patients with signs of vascular dystonia and structural rearrangement of microvessels, an increase in the number of patients with arteriolo-venular anastomoses and significant and irreversible trophic disturbances in the bulbar conjunctiva in most patients, an increase in the number of patients with structural remodeling of the vascular bed and with fresh extravasates and hemosiderin deposition, dystonia of microvessels and precapillary sphincters. Violations of blood flow in capillaries with a diameter of 3-5 microns and the presence of thrombosis in them were also detected. Since the blood supply of the conjunctiva of the eye is carried out by the branches of the internal carotid artery, it is concluded that the microcirculation is disrupted not only at the level of the organism as a whole, but also in the skin, in particular.

The world community is currently at the stage of rapid development of all types of technologies – information, industrial, social, each of which, ideally, should be designed to improve various spheres of public life. However, any of the technologies carries certain risks that society and the legislator should take into account. One of the technologies gaining increasing popularity in many developed countries of the world is autonomous driving technology, which poses new challenges to legislators of all countries, forces them to solve new problems arising in connection with their introduction into public life. Such problems may include the problem of liability for damage caused by activities related to the operation of unmanned (autonomous, highly automated) vehicles. The pace of development of new technologies is constantly increasing, and the legislator does not always keep up with the development of social relations. In this situation, science should help to detect the problem and identify possible solutions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of legal regulation of legal liability for damage caused by the operation of unmanned (autonomous, highly automated) vehicles. Methods: to achieve this goal, special legal methods are used: formal legal, based on knowledge of special legal terminology, legal constructions, classifications of legal phenomena; the method of interpretation of law used in the analysis of normative legal acts and their projects. Results: the conclusion is made about the need for a more balanced approach when legislating legal liability for damage caused by the operation of unmanned (autonomous, highly automated) vehicles. The author provides a justification for the need to classify highly automated vehicles (hereinafter referred to as HAV) and activities related to their operation to sources of increased danger, by analyzing the specifics of HAV; reveals the features of the composition of such a civil law tort as causing harm by the operation of HAV; indicates the grounds for civil liability for damage caused by the operation of HAV; designates the conditions and features of legal liability in the area under consideration. The article proposes as a priority for the Russian Federation to choose a concept according to which the subjects of legal liability for damage caused by the operation of the unmanned vehicle are both its owner and maker (manufacturer), who must bear joint responsibility regardless of the presence or absence of guilt.

In the modern world, more and more attention is paid to the problems of social technologies both in the field of science and in the field of practical activity. A distinct type of social technologies is legal technology, which can be considered, firstly, as a purposeful activity carried out through legal means, aimed at changing legal reality, secondly, as a certain scientific direction of legal research, thirdly, as an academic discipline. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to consider legal technology as a scientific direction in national jurisprudence, identifying its features as a system of knowledge, defining the object, subject and method of legal technology, considering the principles and functions of legal technology as an independent scientific direction. Research methods: to achieve this goal, philosophical methods (dialectical logic), general scientific methods (formal logic, structural-functional, systemic, historical methods), specific scientific methods (sociological, linguistic) and special legal methods (formal legal, legal forecasting, interpretation of law) are used. Results: the conducted research allows us to conclude that legal technology as a system of interrelated knowledge has specific features of a substantive, methodological, functional nature; it has a system of its own characteristics and principles, which allows it to be considered as an independent direction of scientific knowledge. Legal technology is a scientific direction that studies the processes of purposeful influence on social relations, exercised by legal entities in a special way, with the help of special legal means to achieve the predicted (planned) legal results.

The following article off ers a theoretical interpretation of Nabokov’s aphorism on Joyce’s inner monologues. Nabokov supposed that thinking is extraverbal and cannot be fully embodied in a word. He assumed that James Joyce was wrong to materialize the stream of inner life in a rigid verbal form. For Nabokov, thinking as an uninterrupted continuum of psychological states, should be opposed to the ‘stream of consciousness’ technique and should be moved towards the lyrical synthetism. In order to embody the narrative mode, the author puts forward the method of synthetic technique, which dissolves the word material in the pervasive fl ow of meaning. The unifi ed meaning of the word undergoes deformation and gains a fl exible, fl uid-like form, pours/merges completely with other words, forming a versatile palette of meanings. Nabokov’s fundamental principles were structurally related to the intuitive philosophy of A. Bergson, who considered the ‘stream of consciousness’ as an indivisible melody, but an improperly considered artistic montage of mental states (in Joyce’s prose). Theorists of the ‘stream of consciousness’ (L. S. Vygotsky, A. Bergson) assumed that the ‘stream’ cannot be divided into moments, objects and forms, it is a syncretic formation, which cannot be subjected to the reverse decomposition into words. Applied to literature, this statement means literature cannot be retold. Then the author comes to the conclusion that Nabokov’s late prose is substantially synthetic, it implements the principle of duration at the deepest level of speech, which allows us to say that the Russian-speaking writer completely actualized the principles of Bergsonism when in the Gift, through the flowing speech, he portrayed consciousness as elusive and indefinable. Thus, the facts of Godunov-Cherdyntsev’s spiritual life cannot be grasped by intellectual means, they can only be contemplated intuitively.

The prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly in recent years. The latest Diabetes Atlas IDF data shows that 0.5 billion adults worldwide live with diabetes. The most common complication of diabetes is peripheral diabetic neuropathy, which leads to the development of pathological changes in the nervous system and blood vessels and significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. An urgent problem today is the search for effective drugs to correct polyneuropathy and other complications of diabetes. Our attention was drawn to the metabolic drug Cocarnit, which contains 20 mg of nicotinamide, 50 mg of cocarboxylase, 500 mcg of cyanocobalamin, 10 mg of disodium adenosine triphosphate trihydrate. The aim of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of Cocarnit in the correction of periodontal syndrome in rats with diabetic polyneuropathy. Experimental diabetic polyneuropathy was simulated in experimental animals by a single injection of streptozocin (Streptozocin Sigma, USA). To confirm the development of diabetes on the 30th day of the experiment, a glucose tolerance test was performed. The development of diabetic neuropathy was assessed by measuring the pain sensitivity threshold using the Randall-Selitto strain-algometric test. The subjects of the study were periodontal tissues of rats in the homogenate which determined the content of TBA-active products, oxidatively modified proteins, free fucose, glycosaminoglycans, catalase activity, total proteolytic and antitryptic activity. Diabetic neuropathy has been shown to cause periodontal syndrome, as evidenced by a probable increase in total proteolytic activity with a significant increase in total antitryptic activity, increased free fucose and glycosaminoglycans, and intensification of free radical oxidation. The introduction of Cocarnit prevents the development of pathological changes in the periodontal tissues of rats in diabetic neuropathy.

Research objectives: To introduce a new discovery of a Turkic stone statue that was deliberately (?) buried in the mound, the authors seek to substantiate the reasons for this unusual approach to stone sculpture. Drawing on well-known and close analogies to the situation under analysis, the authors of the article seek to link such processes with some innovative phenomena within the Golden Horde. Research materials: The authors introduce into scholarly circulation completely new archaeological materials found during research in October and November 2020. The novelty of the research: The materials under consideration and their historical and cultural attributes have never been published or discussed previously, except for a volume on the mandatory and complete scientific report on the excavations (the text of descriptions, photos, and illustrations), which has been submitted to the archive of the Institute of Archeology RAS for eternal storage in accordance with the established procedure. Research results: The authors describe the stone statue as according with the Polovtsian funeral rite and compare this description with similar materials from the Don region. A.O. Dobrolyubsky (Odessa) connects the massive change in the traditional orientations of late nomads’ burials with the time of the Golden Horde when the former pre-Mongol funeral rites began to lose their traditional meaning or began to acquire some new meanings. Such innovations were made possible with the appearance of new generations in the Golden Horde (1260–1270s). Subsequently, such a population formed a new syncretic culture under the influence of new ideological influences which gradually replaced the old beliefs and, among other things, led to the rejection of the veneration of statues. Such innovations were accelerated by the process of Islamization among the nomadic population of the Golden Horde. All this led to the spread of the ritual of burial of statues as an obsolete semantic image.

Problem. The problem of norms and norms violation has a long research history in scientific thinking. Lay thinking analysis rests in the shadow of this research line; although in the modern world people are actively involved in the construction of lay theories about various phenomena and they use this knowledge in daily life. Aim. Following the ideas of the social representations theory, the aim of the exploratory study was to analyse the lay theories developed by young Russian adults about norms and norms violation. Method. 134 young adults participated in the study, 26.12% males (aged 18 — 28 years, M=21.01years, SD =2.23). 71.6% participants were students of social sciences from Moscow Universities. A free-association technique was used. The data were analysed by using prototypical analysis. Results. The particularity of lay thinking about norms and norms violation was revealed. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that norms are not equated with laws, while norms violation is identified with crimes (laws’ violation). The framework of the social representations theory allowed us to analyse the lay thinking about norms and norms violation as a matter of Russian cultural context.

The interaction of secondary school and university is most often focused not on the development of the personality of students, but on their choice of directions for further education. We assume that the level of development of the personality of adolescents does not correspond to the age-related task of professional self-determination. To test this hypothesis, we used a set of projective and survey methods aimed at studying the level of development of self-awareness, conceptual thinking and motivational sphere, including in relation to the choice of a profession. In addition, we studied the current interests of adolescents and their relationship to school. The study was conducted on a sample of 153 Moscow school students aged 14-17 years. The results obtained show that worries about the imminent graduation from school and the choice of a profession leaves an imprint on the state of schoolchildren, and success in this matter seems to them overvalued. The personal interests and plans of the children are suppressed by the fear of final exams and admission to a university. Based on the data obtained, we concluded that it is necessary to bridge the gap between the real interests and needs of schoolchildren and the educational environment. As a means for this, a special subdivision of the school and the university is proposed – "School Campus". The work of the "School Campus" can provide a change in the social situation of the development of schoolchildren, removing this contradiction.

Antiparasitic treatment and prophylactic measures in dairy cattle breeding are often not carried out on time due to the opposition of managers and owners of farms. The rejection of the necessary treatments for dairy cows is caused by the forced disposal of a significant amount of milk during the withdrawal period of a particular preparation, during which milk contains residues of active substances and cannot be eaten by humans. The research aimed to determine new native Eprin® endectocide's (Brovafarma LLC) nematode and insecticidal effect during the cattle treatment. The active ingredient of Eprin® is eprinomectin (20mg/ml) from the genus of avermectins, it is not excreted in milk and even requires a 1-day withdrawal. Two experiments were carried out: in the first, the anthelmintic effect of the drug was tested; in the second, the effect on ixodid ticks and cutaneous parasites. The experimental groups consisted of black-speckled cows, 2–6 years old, weighing 450–550 kg. The drug was used at a dose of 1 cm3 /100 kg of body weight, subcutaneous injection, once. Laboratory parasitological studies were carried out using standard methods of scatological diagnostics and identification of cutaneous parasites. No local reaction in animals to drug administration was observed. As a result of the injection of Eprin®, five cows, affected to varying degrees by the nematodes Bunostomum phlebotum, Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris spp., Dictyocaulus viviparus, Nematodirus spathiger, the eggs of these helminths after 10 days were completely eliminated from animal faeces, which indicates 100 % intensity and the extensibility of the drug. Likewise, three days after the treatment of seven cows whose bodies were originally found to have lice (Bovicola bovis), lice (Haematopinus eurysternus) and ticks (Dermacentor reticulatus/Ixodes ricinus), no more arthropod parasites were identified. Consequently, Eprin® has a lethal effect on typical bovine parasites, including gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes, lice, lice and ticks, without causing any side effects in the body of animals.

The paper presents new data on the dating and paleogeography of the Sholma I site, which has been studied by the authors since the early 2000s on the Tsivil River in Chuvashia. Two AMS dates obtained from horse bones from the 2017 excavation: 10838-10717 Cal BC (95,4%) (UOC-8154) и 11131-10846 Cal BC (95,4%) (UOC-8155) confirmed the authors ' opinion expressed in 2009 that the site of the final Paleolithic functioned in the natural conditions of the interstadial warming of the Allerød at the end of the ice Age. Results of a soil study of samples in 2017, in particular, analyzes for the content of gross phosphorus and microbiomorphs carried out by A. A. Golyeva are highlighted. Analogies to the features of the blade stone industry and trapezoid inserts of throwing weapons in the sites of the Pleistocene and Holocene boundary are revealed. As a result, the authors have outlined two possible directions of communication of specialized hunters who came to the Middle Volga region with a characteristic set of combat weapons in the conditions of interstadial warming. It could be south-east and south-west directions. The south-eastern one is represented by complexes with trapezia of the lower layers of the Shiderty 3 site in north-eastern Kazakhstan and the Gora Mayak settlement in the Samara trans-Volga region, and the south-western one – by the sites with trapezia and other forms of inserts that existed during Allerød in the valleys of the Seversky Donets and the Middle Don.

The electrochemical properties of C/MnO2 composite materials in 1 M sodium sulfate solution were investigated using the methods of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopy. It was shown that the capacitive characteristics of the electrodes depend on the nature and the method of obtaining manganese oxide nanoparticles. It was established that the material containing manganese oxide obtained using isoamyl alcohol as a reducing agent has high electrochemical characteristics.

A number of system characteristics of the formation of technological competitiveness of the national economy concerning the improvement of quality of the institutional environment, strengthening the aspects of competition, improving the efficiency of resource provision, and the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity have been determined. The scheme of formation of technological competitiveness of the national economy is constructed, wherein three consecutive stages of its establishment in the coordinates of constant management influence of the institutional environment and sustainable world innovation and technological progress are distinguished as follows: 1) accumulation of the potential of innovation and technological development of the national economy; 2) materialization of the potential of innovation and technological development of the national economy; 3) achieving the state of and ability to technological competitiveness of the national economy. A conceptual approach to the definition of substantial-contentual, structural characteristics and classification features of technological competitiveness of the national economy is provided. It is proposed to consider such competitiveness of the national economy as a winning state of technological competitive advantages of the national economy in a specific time period, which, in order to maintain balance value and ability to compete in the conditions of dynamic progress of technologies, requires a sustainable increase in the potential of innovation and technological growth of strategic sectors of the national economy and society and is ensured through the effective management influence of the complex system of innovative and integrated structures.

The main idea was to solve the problem related to oil contamination of soil using bioremediation with bioaugmentation with modeled microorganism strains. The paper aimed to develop a bacterial consortium for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation during the biological treatment of oil-contaminated soils using electronic databases. The research methodology included an analysis of the mechanisms and metabolic pathways of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and an assessment of the possible reaction modulus and enzymatic systems for the degradation of aromatic compounds. The taxonomic classification and review of oil compound transformation metabolic pathways were carried out using electronic KEGG, MetaCyc, and EzTaxon databases. The KEGG database was used to create a microbiological consortium of certain strains of bacteria that improved hydrocarbon degradation process performance. Identification of bacteria’s complete genome using Island Viewer 4 allowed to create of a consortium of oil-destructive bacteria consisting of such strains: Pseudoxanthomonas spadix BD-a59, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, Rhodococcus aetherivorans IcdP1, Pseudomonas putida ND6, Pseudomonas stutzeri 19SMN4, Pseudomonas fluorescens UK4, Acinetobacter lactucae OTEC-02, Bacillus cereus F837/76.7.9. The ratio between the mentioned strains of microorganisms in the consortium was set at 20 % : 20 % : 15 % : 10 % : 10 % : 5 % : 5 % : 15 %. This bacterial consortium for aromatic hydrocarbons was created according to the metabolic information of basic enzymatic systems and the predominant transformation of particular oil compounds using the BacDive database.

Some residential buildings and households dating to the last quarter of the 18th century in Astrakhan gave been studied based on a comprehensive analysis of bibliographic, archival and graphic materials. The historical context of the change in private housing construction is outlined, and samples of vernacular and professional architecture are identified. The creative method of the architect A.P. Digbi is summarized based on the characteristic solutions developed for the houses of rich merchants and eminent citizens of Astrakhan. The study revealed a harmonious synthesis of local traditions and the influence of the pan-European achievements in the field of architecture and transformation of classical forms.

The article is aimed at the publication of new materials from the Bolshaya Tayaba burial ground of the Bolgar archaeological culture of excavations in 2018, as well as the analysis of materials from the burial ground obtained at excavations in 1948 (A.P. Smirnov) and 1984 (V.F. Kakhovsky). The studied attributes suggest that the Muslim burial rite was predominant, but deviations from the orthodox Muslim posture, together with the absence of iron nails and staples for nail fastening, very characteristic of the Bolgars of the second half of the pre-Mongol period, allow to preliminarily narrow the dating of the necropolis to the 10th–11th centuries – the first half of the pre-Mongol period. A comparative analysis of the Bolshaya Tayaba series of skulls reflects the general aspects of the race genesis of the Volga Bolgars. It is based on wide miscegenation processes which occurred between the “local” Kama-Ural population (mainly carriers of the Sub-Ural type) and the Bolgarian or ethnically similar (mainly carriers of the broader-faced morphocomplex).

The article, by means of the comparative-historical method, critical analysis of scholarly concepts, and use of ethnographic materials, deals with the study of the complex of beliefs and rituals of indigenous peoples of the Russian Far East (Nanais, Negidals, Nivkhs, Orochs, Udeges, Uilta, Ulchs, and Evenks) as a sacred component of their traditional and modern hunting and fishing technologies. The term ‘technology’ originates from the Ancient Greek philosophy by the development of the doctrine of ‘techne’ as an art by which things are made. Technology is based on notion and supersedes the role of the chance in human life and activities, which expedites the process of adaptation to the nature. The ritual preceding production of a tool or a vehicle is performed to improve quality of the item to ensure its more productive use in hunting and fishing. In the culture of indigenous peoples of the Russian Far East, there are known examples of invocation of magic, cults, beliefs, and rituals to secure hunter’s luck in fabrication of hunter carriers, tools for hunting marine and terrestrial animals, and traps. Beliefs and rituals serve as the sacred components of the hunting and fishing technologies, which have the utmost importance for sustainable life of the indigenous population. The main conclusion is that, in spite of some differences in the economy, degree of settlement and mobility, and the level of influence of nonethnic cultures, undoubtedly, the results of hunting, fishing, off-shore seal catching, deer breeding, and foraging depend on personal experience, rational knowledge of the qualities of plants, weather signs, and migration times and habits of animals, and on the quality of the trade equipment, transport, clothes and footwear. However, these aspects are not sufficient and the hunters resort to the sacral components of the hunting and fishing technologies — transport means are ‘enlivened’, by magic means they are imparted with the qualities of living beings — people or animals. With the help of amulets, the hunters strengthen their trade qualities — agility, perception-reaction time, and intuition. Prohibitions are observed, which are aimed at decreasing dependence on chance and increasing hunting productivity. The rational technologies, aimed at the survivance of the ethnos, are complemented by the sacred components, so that people cling to the help of supernatural powers.

Strategic importance of the formation of priority sectors for the national economy is substantiated, according to which the country should strengthen its competitive positions, ensure socio-economic progress, and increase innovation and technological activity. The results of review of scientific publications, which mention strategic or priority types of economic activity, allowed to better systematize their composition and structure, identify approaches to selecting them depending on different variants of development of the country and its economy. One can find a number of publications where priority sectors are distinguished not in general for the national economy, but in view of certain functional or structural spheres, directions, etc. It is concluded that a priori to define and form the composition of priority sectors of the economy is objectively impractical and wrong. At the same time, when substantiating the system of priority types of economic activity, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of systemacity and complexity, as well as consistency. It is established that as economic grows and characteristics of the external environment change, while taking into account the strategic vision of the country’s place in the system of international division of labor, the vision of new types of economic activity should also change, which will become the locomotives of growth in the future, but at present they necessitate the training of relevant specialists, development of institutional infrastructure, and accumulation of resource provision. The classification of priority sectors of the national economy is formed in accordance with such signs as: industry affiliation, sectors of the economy, strategic orientation, depth of influence, chosen model of economic growth, factors of economic growth, stages of economic reproduction, investment potential. A logic-structural algorithm for identifying priority sectors of the economy is developed, taking into account the degree of vertical integration of economic progress and the level of realization of the country’s economic growth potential. It is determined that the priority sectors of the economy include sectors, types of economic activity, industries, their infrastructure and relations between them, the development of which at the current stage and in the strategic perspective ensures strengthening the competitive positions of the national economy in both the domestic and the foreign markets, a structurally balanced sustainable development of the country’s territories, the implementation of national economic and social interests, creating conditions for maintaining these positions.

The study aims to define the potential and technological aspects of the digestate treatment for its application as a biofertilizer. Life cycle assessment methodology was used in terms of digestate quality management. The potential of nutrients, organic carbon, and useful microelements in the digestate allows for its consideration as a mineral fertilizer substitute and soil improver. The valorization of digestate as fertilizer requires quality management and quality control. Based on the research focus, the successful soil application of digestate post-treatment technologies was analyzed. Among the different commercial options for digestate treatment and nutrient recovery, the most relevant are drying, struvite precipitation, stripping, evaporation, and membranes technology. Comparing the physical and chemical properties of the whole digestate, separated liquid, and solid liquor fractions showed that in the case of soil application of granular fertilizer, nutrients from the digestate are released more slowly than digestate application without granulation. However, realizing this potential in an economically feasible way requires improving the quality of digestate products through appropriate technologies and quality control of digestate products. To support the manufacture of quality digestate across Europe, the European Compost Network developed a concept for a pan-European quality assurance scheme.

The paper features the results of archaeological and paleontological research in the left bank of the Kuibyshev reservoir, at the mouth of the Aktai River (Republic of Tatarstan). Bones and teeth of fossil mammals (223 finds) were collected under the cliff of the reservoir for 300 m. The following species were identified: mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, tur, horse, reindeer, elk, fox, marmot etc., which may belong to the Upper Pleistocene or Khazar faunal complexes. Also the bones of the limb of a large horse were collected, which were identified as a horse of Mosbach of the middle Neo-Pleistocene Singil’ faunal complex existed in the Volga region about 400 thousand years ago. Upper incisor of a giant beaver and the large jaws of a Pleistocene wild boar were also found at the Comintern site and were probably attribute to Singil’ fauna. At the same time, the authors collected 39 artifacts from flint and one from quartzite, belonging to the Ust’-Kamaskaya culture of the terminal Paleolithic. Of particular importance were two localities fixed by the authors in stratified sections – flint flake and rhinoceros limb bone, which lay within the buried soil formed during the warming period of the Middle Valdai (MIS-3).

The influence of quarantine on the indicators of biopsychological age is being investigated, data from studies in different countries are presented. Stress factors are distinguished: the disease itself, post-traumatic stress, quarantine factors (social isolation, malnutrition, decreased physical activity, anxiety). The results of a longitudinal study are presented: 1st measurement – 2019, 2nd measurement -2020 (after six months of quarantine). 394 people aged 35-70 years were examined: adults – 158 (114 women), working pensioners – 28 (19 women), non-working pensioners with chronic diseases – 208 (151 women). Methods for assessing biological age by indicators of health, subjective psychological age, and expected retirement age were used. It is shown that in Russia: 1) the effect of quarantine on the biopsychological age is ambivalent, 2) the psychological age of working individuals has changed, they began to feel younger (by 3.3–7.2 years), the expected retirement age has not changed (remained below the established ); 3) indicators of somatic health did not change – (body weight in women, self-esteem of health), others improved (blood pressure), 4) characteristics of physical development worsened: the duration of static balancing decreased (by 13–37%), the duration of breath holding decreased by inhalation, 5) in working individuals the biological age has increased, and the biological aging index has increased, in women – at the level of a trend, in men – reliably (by 3.9–8 years 6) in non-working pensioners-chronicles there was no increase in the rate of biological aging.

The monograph is dedicated to the study of the Stone Age sites of the Chuvash Volga region conducted under the supervision or with the participation of the author in the 1990s – early 2000s. New materials from more than 50 sites related to the Final Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic are introduced into scientific discourse. The author reveals the main methodological approaches in the description of complex multilayer and decaying monuments, and presents the history of field studies of the Stone Age sites in the Chuvash Volga Region. Based on an analysis of paleogeographic data and systematization of the finds of the Quaternary fauna and deposits of stone raw materials, palaeoecological conclusions were drawn regarding the natural environment of the ancient population. The monograph summarizes the results of studies at the reference Stone Age sites in the region and addresses the issues of their chronology and cultural affiliation. The author suggests a scheme of the dynamics of cultural and chronological processes which occurred in the Chuvash Volga Region during the initial stages of the Primeval period.

At the stage of formation of post-industrial society, the problem of implementing the strategy of transition to an intellectually oriented model of economic development is actualized, along with a comprehensive modernization of the socio-economic system of the State, which is explained by the need to develop new approaches to ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy as part of the world economy system. The research is aimed at substantiating the theoretical-methodological principles and developing practical recommendations for the introduction of institutional and innovative factors of technological development in order to ensure the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of global informatization. The object of research is the process of improving the State policy of ensuring technological development as the basis for the competitiveness of the national economy. In the process of research, the following general scientific and special methods were used: synthesis, system analysis, statistical and economic analysis, comparative and indicative methods, method of main components, groupings, logical analysis, strategic management. The dual impact of innovation activity together with institutional factors on strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy is substantiated; the prerequisites, volumes and effectiveness of technological development of the national economy of the country are characterized; the scope, factors and obstacles to innovation activity are determined; a structural and functional analysis of the efficiency of the system of the State-based regulation of technological development of the economic complex of the country is carried out; the institutional and legal basis of technological development of the economy is defined; the organizational and economic means and directions of infrastructure development of the research and innovation activity are substantiated. Prospects for further research in this direction are the definition of a number of institutional and innovative tendencies associated with socio-labor, demographic, foreign economic and other processes, in view of their ability to influence the pace of technological development of the national economic system.

The presented article analyzes the instrumental cycle "Concerto for a Composer" signed by Vladimir Beleaev, one of the most remarkable representatives of the composition school in the Republic of Moldova. Following the analysis, it is concluded that V. Beleaev's cycle is a brilliant composition that has no analogues in Moldovan composition. He embodies an original compositional-dramatic idea, combining, at the same time, the particularities of several genres, such as concerto, suite, symphony, but also, to some extent, a wreath of sonnets. "Concerto for a Composer" is a work by a mature master whose works bring real joy to all who come in contact with them.

The article is aimed at developing the conceptual principles for the creation and functioning of innovation-active university (IAU) as a modern strategic model of higher education institution in conditions of transformation and digitalization of society. A number of problems and contradictions are allocated and systematized, causing the need to transform the traditional university into an innovation-active, entrepreneurial structure, the activity of which consists in the interaction of the university with the economy, public administration bodies and society. It is determined that the formation of a new paradigm for the development of the higher education system raises the need for innovation-active universities in the form of entrepreneurial organizations that have a resource willingness to promote accelerated development of both the economy and society through intensive transfer of new, generated at the university knowledge and technology on the basis of partnership with key stakeholders. On the basis of studying the conceptual basis of the emergence and development of the IAU, a number of hypotheses of building an innovation-active university were developed, a system of conceptual provisions and principles of its functioning was formed. The purpose and objectives of the innovation-active university are defined, the system-forming directions of its innovation activity are allocated and characterized. On the basis of the carried out researches, the framework for the creation and development of the IAU was formed, containing a list of components of the internal environment and the factors that ensure their support on the basis of development of entrepreneurship and innovation. Prospects for further research in this direction are the development of a mechanism for the functioning of an innovation-active university, which will ensure the effective transformation of higher education institution on the basis of innovation and entrepreneurship development and will contribute to maintaining a high level of its competitiveness in the educational space.

In the proposed study, the authors aimed at developping a series of exercises in the format of pair work at the German language lesson. Before presenting methodological outcomes, the researchers stud- German language lesson. Before presenting methodological outcomes, the researchers stud- German language language lesson. lesson. Before presenting methodological outcomes, the researchers stud- lesson. Before presenting methodological Before presenting methodological outcomes, the researchers stud- outcomes outcomes, the researchers , the researchers stud- , the researchers studied the works of domestic authors who dedicated their work to this issue. During the bibliographic analysis it was found that the chosen theme was thoroughly studied which served a solid base for further study. During the presentation of the main material, the authors offer exercises for both primary and advanced stages of learning a foreign language. At the initial stage of learning a foreign language, it is very important to encourage students to perform dialogic speech, which is the most common form of language communication. At this stage, the researchers have developed exercises on such lexical topics as ”Family“, ”Food and Drink“, ”Apartment”. Among the grammatical issuess, the authors suggested considering such ones as “perfect”, “prepositions” and others. The authors of the article also noted that getting used to a partner is a negative point in pair work. Interesting methods of changing a partner with the help of colored stripes, geometric shapes and more have been proposed. The researchers concluded that during pair work, each student has the opportunity to speak in comfortable conditions. It is reminiscent of extracurricular communication, which is more common for young people. In pair work, the student works independently of the teacher, demonstrating their skills of foreign language communication. During pair work, most students realize that they can complete the task almost without the help of a teacher. Most pair work tasks are more interesting than regular tasks. Pair work is considered a dynamic and positive activity during which it is impossible to ignore the task

The mystery of the illness and death of the great Polish composer Frederic Chopin not yet solved fnally. Numerous attempts of retrospective diagnostics used all available possibilities except for analyzing the music of the composer to search for the manifestations of his disease in it. There are many examples in the history of medicine that music may contain valuable diagnostic information about the authorʹs illness. Aim. Purpose of this study is searching for signs of the manifestation of Chopin's disease in his musical works and to get an answer to the question: can his music contain valuable data for diagnostics. Material and methods. The Frederic Chopin's correspondence, the work of the composer's most respected biographers, as well as scientifc publications devoted to the study of the circumstances of Chopin's life, illness and work. Scopus, WebOfScience, MedLine and PubMed databases were searched without time restriction. Discovered publications were subjected to medical and musicological analysis. Conclusions. Analysis shows that Chopin's creative process did not depend on the circumstances of his personal life, nor on his health. The composer did not write program music, never supplied his works with comments and did not apply sound imitation by musical means. None of the hypotheses that coughing attacks are reflected in Chopin’s music has been confrmed. Analysis of Chopin's music as a component of professional anamnesis does not provide additional information for diagnosis.

The article is a tribute to the vocal performer and teacher Larisa Şulga-Vichilu (1940-2017) who made a significant contribution to the development of national culture and music pedagogy. The graduate of the „Gavriil Musicescu” State Institute of Arts from Moldova, successfully worked on the stage of the Chisinau National Opera and Ballet Theater, performing the main mezzo-soprano parts from the universal opera repertoire. She started her teaching career with students from the academic singing specialty, but her most fruitful activity was at the Pop and Jazz Music Department of the Academy of Music, Theater and Fine Arts. Larisa Şulga-Vichilu’s disciples are successfully performing both on the stages in the Republic of Moldova and in other countries of the world, becoming laureates and diploma winners of national and international competitions and festivals, stars of the local pop music. Some of them also manifest themselves as teachers, continuing the pedagogical traditions of their mentor.

Jazz standards are an important part of the repertoire of any jazzman. This article discusses the basic principles and approaches to improvising processing of jazz standards. The main attention is paid to melody and harmony as the most important means of improvisational variation.

The traumatism of surgical operations in dentistry demands us to search for minimally invasive methods for tissue alteration. The use of lasers makes us able to solve this problem, since laser radiation is characterized by less surgical trauma, selectivity of exposure and activation of reparative processes in the wound. The advantages of using a diode laser during surgical procedures in the oral cavity include: sterile conditions during the procedure, good hemostasis and the absence of bleeding during and after surgery, the predictable depth and high accuracy of the incision. With the correct use of the laser, postoperative scars are more elastic, which does not lead to tissue deformation. At the clinic, there was conducted an examination and surgical treatment of 48 patients aged from 14 to 28 years with a small oral cavity atrium.Surgical treatment was carried out by the traditional method according to the improved Clark technique and using a diode laser “Lika-Surgeon +” (Photonica-Plus, Ukraine) with a wavelength of 940 nm, power from 2.0 to 3.5 W, “Norm” mode, impulse – uninterrupted, contact method. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of the laser were data from clinical research methods. Postoperative edema and pain were less pronounced with the use of a surgical laser compared to the traditional treatment. The difference in terms of wound healing when using a surgical laser compared to a traditional one was 3±0.5 days. According to the data of the study, the use of a diode laser with a wavelength of 940 nm provides a decrease in tissue trauma during vestibuloplastics. Laser radiation contributes to a more favorable course of the postoperative period, reduces edema and pain syndrome, accelerates the healing process of postoperative wounds, and reduces the risk of purulent-inflammatory complications. The undeniable advantages of the laser usage in the course of vestibuloplasty are less traumatism of tissues, maintenance of the wound surface sterility, provision of hemo- and lymphostasis (operational comfort), good visualization, less pronounced postoperative discomfort, satisfactory cosmetic effect. Thus, the use of a diode laser allows us to improve the technique of surgical intervention and increase efficiency of the treatment of patients with small atrium of the oral cavity. A promising field of the research is further study of the course of the wound process with the use of diode laser for patients from different ages groups on the background of concomitant somatic pathology.

Data journalism is based on data used both as a source of a story and as a proof for facts stated in journalistic investigations. Core principles of journalistic work are changing under the influence of data: working with data, acquiring datasets, verifying data, analyzing and presenting it in data stories is drastically different from traditional journalistic methods, while simultaneously continuing to be an organic part of journalistic research within the existing framework of journalism standards and ethical requirements. Fact-checking in data journalism is often limited to verifying correct math and analysis methods in data, whereas other factors defining the correctness and ethics of a journalistic product are ignored. Those include assessing the sources of data, methods and reasons of data collection, correctness of interpretation, contextual dependencies of data, correctness of visual representation of data analysis results, etc. Scientists are expanding research into the epistemological differences of data journalism from traditional journalistic practice, noting such distinct features as creating personal knowledge and its acceptance by the audience under the influence of data-driven practices and co-creation and crowd verification of data-based investigations. At the same time, academic research also focuses on data journalism fact-checking as a mere technological process of revision and comparison of calculations, not as a holistic system of data-story verification on multiple interconnected planes from technology to ethics. In this article, the author tries to fill the existing gap between academic research and actual data fact-checking practices in newsrooms by scrutinizing and evaluating various approaches to data-story fact-checking in a number of media, and consequently defining white spaces in the data factchecking workflows. Lack of professional standards in the area allows for lower quality of publications, as well as publishing wrongly interpreted or presented data, whether by mistake or by intent. This prompted the author’s original view of fact-checking in data journalism as a system of consistent multilevel assessment. Журналистика данных в расследованиях опирается на данные как источник и инструмент раскрытия истории. Принципы работы с данными, их поиска, верификации, анализа и дата-сторителлинга значительно отличаются от традиционных журналистских практик, но в это же время являются органичной частью журналистского материала и сложившихся стандартов и этических норм журналистики. Фактчекинг в журналистике данных при этом часто сводится к математической проверке корректности обработки данных, при этом практически не уделяется внимания множеству других факторов, влияющих на корректность и этичность текста: происхождение данных, методика и мотивация их сбора, корректность интерпретации, контекстуализация результатов анализа, корректности представления данных в визуализациях. В академическом поле изучаются эпистемологические отличия журналистики данных — создание форм собственного знания и его принятия аудиторией под воздействием практик, основанных на данных, и соучастие читателя в создании и верификации дата-материалов. В то же время фактчекинг в области журналистики данных также рассматривается только как технологический процесс сверки вычислений, а не как единая и системная верификация журналистского материала на всех его уровнях, от технического до этического. В этой статье автор попытался заполнить разрыв между академическим полем и наработанных в ньюсрумах практиках дата-фактчекинга: были исследованы существующие методы фактчекинга в различных редакциях, рассмотрены различные подходы к оценке достоверности дата-материалов, описаны существующие лакуны в дата-фактчекинге. Отсутствие стандартов в этой области ведет как к падению качества материалов, так и к публикации ошибочных сведений или заведомой манипуляции данными с различными целями, поэтому автор предлагает собственный взгляд на фактчекинг в дата-историях как систему последовательной многоуровневой проверки.

The article introduces data from the study of the severity of social anxiety caused by the expectation of retirement and subsequent retirement; highlights signs of retirement stress: acceleration of biological aging, the discrepancy of psychological and biological age. It also regards individual-personal factors of biopsychological aging. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the biopsychological age of people – Russians by origin – pursuing intel-lectual professions and living in the European Union and in Russia. All the participants were continuing their research activity and were aged from 32 to 70 years, both living in Russia (n=101, women, 62), and having migrated to the European Union countries (n=101, women 56). Methods of assessing biological age with regard on health indicators, subjective psychological age, as well as the questionnaire of life path were applied. The results showed that in Russian sample the signs of retirement stress are more pronounced: the subjects have an acceleration of biological aging at the age of 51–65 years. The personal strategies for preventing retirement stress and maintaining relative juvenility, typical for the intellectual occupation professionals, were singled out: for men — democratic working conditions, positive attitude, collaborative non-ambitious non-aggressive behaviour; and for women — wellbeing, respectful partnership in the couple, friendly working conditions; multiple changes of place of residence. However, the difference in relative juvenility strategy for residents in Russian and EU was also observed.

The article is aimed at substantiating the organizational model of auditing the enterprise’s costs. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks have been solved: the concept of «operating costs» has been defined; the essence of auditing the enterprise’s operating costs is outlined; a model of auditing the enterprise’s costs has been developed. Based on the analysis of existing developments in the audit of the enterprise’s costs, the lack of a comprehensive research on this issue is determined, while single publications and the lack of a clear organizational scheme lead to insufficient spread of audit of operating costs among users of audit information. The article substantiates and develops an organizational model of auditing the enterprise’s operating costs, which is considered in the context of the process-system approach. This model is represented by a complex of successive, mutually conditioned stages, which, on the one hand, allow to form a reliable audit opinion, and on the other - meet the criteria of expediency and validity. On the basis of generalizations of the follow-up revisions by leading scholars and practitioners, the traditional composition of the stages and phases of the audit survey of the enterprise’s costs was supplemented. Further research will develop a noncontinuous approach to planning the audit of the enterprise’s costs.

Introduction. The process of oil extraction from oilseeds is very complicated as it depends on a large number of related factors. The complex porous structure of pulp is a combination of three phases: dry solids, liquid (oil), and air. Therefore, the study of the process of pulp pressing requires a special method for determining the friction characteristics of the material. Study objects and methods. To determine the friction and volume characteristics of oilseeds, an original experimental unit was developed and manufactured. The study involved samples of the same mass weighted using a high-accuracy analytic balance (permissible error = ± 5%). The first stage of the experiment featured volume characteristics of ten samples. The second stage featured friction characteristics of the five first samples obtained during the first stage at different pressures. Results and discussion. The pressure time proved to have a more significant effect on the oil yield than the pressure volume, since the complex capillary structure of the pulp demonstrated a significant hydrodynamic resistance to oil outflow. The dependence of the oil yield on the pressure was described by an asymptotic function; the limit (asymptotic) value of the pressure was 48 MPa. At this pressure, the oil yield reached φ = 54 %. The dependence of the friction coefficient on the values of temperature, pressure, and sliding velocity was described by a power-law regression equation with the coefficient of accuracy of approximation R2 = 0.96. Conclusion. The obtained data are of practical importance and can be used to improve the efficiency of pressing equipment.

The article is devoted to the verification of the hypothesis of composer L. Bernstein and doctor Ch. Amentа about the musification by composer Gustav Mahler the auscultatory picture of his heart valve defect in the Symphony No. 9. Рathographic analysis revealed that Gustav Mahler had a mitral stenosis of rheumatic origin and was well acquainted with his sound manifestations in the form of the triple rhythm of the heart. The symphony No. 9 was recognized by Gustav Mahler's musicologists, biographers and psychoanalysts as farewell unanimously, therefore the use of sound manifestations of the disease associated in the composer's consciousness with a close death seems to be quite a logical creative method. The musicological analysis revealed the musical equivalent of the "quail's rhythm" in several fragments of the first part of Gustav Mahler's symphony No. 9. A comparative analysis of the revealed fragments with the two other musical notations of the "quail's rhythm" showed that there are no fundamental differences. The musical notation of Gustav Mahler really reflects the classic auscultatory picture of mitral stenosis.

The authors investigate the effect of treating n-ZnSe substrates with boiling aqueous Ca(NO3)2 suspension on their electrical and luminescent properties. Base substrates were cut from bulk pure zinc selenide crystals grown from a stoichiometric melt by the Bridgman method. It was found that the Ca-doping of the substrates causes an almost complete “quenching” of the low-energy orange emission band with a maximum near hωmax ≈ 1,95 eV and a significant increase in the efficiency of the edge blue luminescence band.

The article focuses on the research of the diagnostic indicators of the assessment of tolerance of military personnel to extremist ideology. A methodical toolkit of the research included a structured interview on the proprietary questionnaire «Assessment of tolerance to manifestation of extremist ideology», «Bogardus Social Distance Scale» (E. Bogardus), «The California F-scale» personality test (T. Adorno, E. Frenkel-Brunswik, D. Levinson, R. Sanford), Allport's Scale of Prejudice (G. Allport, B. Kramer); the questionnaire «Types of ethnic identity» (G.U. Soldatova, S.V. Ryzhova) as well as expert assessment. 76 military personnel took part in the research (experts:16, subjects:60). Frequency, correlation and factorial analyses were used for empiric data processing. The statistically significant indicators related to tolerance of military personnel to extremist ideology were identified by comparing test and evaluation data. The disposition to ideology of extremism can be defined through such diagnostic parameters as «social distance», «reluctance to change», «authoritarian submission» and «aggression», «destructiveness and obscenity», «exaggerated importance of the force», etc. These personal features can be reckoned as a generalised psychological profile of an individual committed to extremist ideology. The highlighted indicators such as «Tolerance», «Signs of commitment to extremist ideology», «Ethnic attitudes», «Intolerant convictions» combine sings denoting an increased probability of an individual being involved in improper activities. A degree of impact (specific weight) of component factors on formation of propensity of a military to the ideology of extremism is exposed. According to the research report it is confirmed that the designed questionnaire «Assessment of tolerance to manifestations of extremism ideology» enables to detect the diagnostic parameters of tolerance of military personnel to extremist ideology. The approach permits to reckon the diagnostic indicators of tolerance to extremist ideology in forming specific research toolkit (questionnaires, forms, etc.). The material aims to improve psychodiagnostic and psychoprophylactic activities with the Armed Forces personnel of the Russian Federation.

Formerly we established that treatment of the full-thickness wounds by nanocrystalline cerium dioxide gel (NCD) dissolved in Carbapol gel accelerates complete wound closure and reduced wound area in comparison with non-treated animals. Also it was shown that wound healing was without formation keloid scar. Further research is needed to create a new dermatotropic drug. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of NCD gel on the physical and chemical properties of skin after healing of the full-thickness wound. Research was done on 40 white laboratory male rats weighing 200250 g, which were divided into three groups. Before performing the full-thickness wound model, animals were anesthetized by sodium thiopental at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The animals of 1st group were control (intact without wounds). In rats of 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups fullthickness wounds of 1x1 cm2 were formed in the skin. In rats of 2nd group wound healing happened without use any drugs. In rats of 3rd group full-thickness wounds were treated by Carbopol gel (0,5 % Carbopol solution based on saline solution) once daily until healing. In rats of 4th group full-thickness wounds were treated by 0,05% NCD gel (CeO2 was dissolved in 0,5% Carbopol gel) once daily until healing. To determine the percentage of moisture in the tissue, skin samples were weighed on analytical scales and dried to constant weight at 80 ° C in a drying cabinet SNOL 3,5.3.5.3.5. / I1. In the study of functional properties of connective tissue, the output of collagen gelatin was determined by hydrothermal welding of the skin The skin welding temperature was measured using the device PTC-1. A piece of skin was fixed with the hooks of the apparatus, poured water and slowly heated. Under the influence of the thermal factor, the skin began to decrease linearly, which led to the tension of the cord and the commissioning of the timer indicator. The skin welding temperature was determined by the mercury thermometer and it corresponded to the beginning of the movement of the indicator arrow. To study the collagen content we used the Kjeldahl method. Statistical analysis of data was carried out by the Statistica 8.0 software package. Shapiro-Wilks W criterion was used for the investigation of the data distribution type. Posthoc analysis included Students t-test for parametric data. In the skin of animals after healing of untreated wounds moisture content decreased by 39,8% (p

Strategic planning enables shareholders and company management to determine the direction and pace of business development, outline global market trends, understand what organizational and struc-tural changes must occur in a company in order for it to become competitive, what is its advantage, what tools are necessary for its successful development. In conditions of tough competition and a rapidly changing situation, enterprises should not only focus on the internal state of affairs, but also develop a long-term strategy of behavior that would allow them to follow the changes taking place in their envi-ronment. The acceleration of changes in the environment, the emergence of new consumer demands, the updating of business opportunities opened up by the achievements of science and technology, the development of information networks, the availability of modern technologies, the increasing role of human resources, and a number of other factors led to a sharp increase in the importance of strategic management and planning.This article assesses the feasibility of the program-oriented benchmarks of the strategic planning of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan, namely, the Shchuchinsko-Borovskaya resort area of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of strategic planning, a system of interrelations between the program-targeted benchmarks of the strategic planning of the tourism sector in Kazakhstan and the directions of tourist destinations strategies is substantiated. For the most complete assessment of the strategic planning system of the Shchuchinsko-Borovsky resort area, we will analyze strategies at the levels of: republican, regional and business structures and apply the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of implementing strategies for socio-economic development of levels based on performance evaluations and managing the implementation of strategies that improve efficiency strategic management decisions.

The article is aimed at researching features and problems of development of aviation industry of Ukraine in the context of European integration, as well as competitive position of the DP MA «Boryspil» in both foreign and national markets. The «National transport strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» is analyzed, problems of liberalization of the domestic aviation market with the countries of Europe are presented. Features and problems of development of the airport «Boryspil» are provided, in particular the lack of domestic traffic volumes, high tariffs for them. The basic evaluation of competitive position of the DP «Boryspil» is carried out in comparison with the external competitors (airports of Warsaw, Prague, Budapest), the position in question is found weak. At the same time, comparison with the internal rivals (airports of Kyiv (im. Sikorskoho), Lviv and Kharkiv) showed significant advantages of «Boryspil». The SWOT-Analysis for Boryspil airport is presented and the necessary directions of increase of its competitiveness are determined. It is stated that despite certain problems in its activity, «Boryspil», under condition of efficient management, has considerable potential of development, taking into view successful geographical location, gradual growth of tourism attractiveness of Ukraine, reduction of formalities for entry in the territory of other countries, etc.

The specifics of presentation of infographic products in the context of the problem of manipulation and propaganda are considered. The problem of propaganda and manipulation in the modern information space is investigated, the signs and examples of technologies are given. The main directions of manipulation are considered, the use of images and numbers in such materials. The effectiveness of infographics as a means of demonstrating statistics has been investigated some defects in statistics and features of implementation and perception of graphic objects. On the basis of the conducted study, the reasons for the appearance of manipulative materials have been identified. The basic levels of manipulation, in the statistics realized by means of infographics, are considered. The dependence of the effectiveness of influence on the audience on the level of complexity of manipulative techniques is investigated. The theses in relation to the culture of critical thinking of citizens on current political and other events have been formed. Phenomena of information comfort zones, clip and serial thinking, authority of figures and data visualization are investigated. The role of censorship and self-censorship in the formation of media space, new trends and technologies (the effect of algorithms, search filters) are considered. The main dangers from the use of such techniques in the media are identified, as well as the difficulties in dealing with the consequences of such influence. The process of information distortion in infographic products at different stages has been studied. It has been proven that infographics can be a powerful means of manipulation, and the only way to avoid this is to form the media and information literacy of the reader, that is, a certain system of knowledge and skills necessary to objectively assess information in texts and graphics.

The article deals with the problems of the approval of artistic information in the development of electronic information technologies as an important factor in the establishment of humanistic moral principles of relations in the information society.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a step-down strategy from intravenous to oral nemonoxacin versus a step-down strategy from intravenous to oral levofloxacin in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and Methods. This was a phase III randomized, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel groups (2 groups), multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous and oral nemonoxacin at a daily dose of 500 mg versus levofloxacin (Tavanic®) at a daily dose of 500 mg in the treatment of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A total of 342 patients from 25 sites were randomized with 171 patients in the control group and 171 patients in the study group. Results. A total of 169 patients in the nemonoxacin group and 166 patients in the levofloxacin group received at least one dose of the study drug and were clinically evaluable (mITT, modified intention-to-treat population). At the test-of-cure visit, the clinical cure rates were 93.5% and 87.3% in the nemonoxacin and levofloxacin groups, respectively (the difference in clinical success rates was 6.1% [95% CI: -0.7–13.0%]). The median time to switching to oral therapy was 4 days in both groups. Two (1.2%) and five (3.0%) patients out of 169 and 166 patients in the nemonoxacin and levofloxacin groups, respectively, required treatment with other antibiotics, the difference being insignificant (p = 0,259). The microbiological efficacy cannot be evaluated reliably due to an insignificant number of positive microbiological results. The incidence of drug-related adverse events (ADR) was 38.0% and 20.7% in the nemonoxacin and levofloxacin groups, respectively. After switching to oral treatment, the incidence of ADR was comparable between the study and control groups constituting 8.8% and 8.9%, respectively. Conclusions. Clinically, a step-down therapy with nemonoxacin at a dose of 500 mg once daily was noninferior compared with step-down therapy with levofloxacin at a dose of 500 mg once daily.