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В статье рассмотрены многоуровневая система моделирующая цены на жилье. Цена на жилье широко изучалась во многих различных областях, таких как экономика, география, городское планирование, транспорт и т. д. Добавляя в гедонистическую модель различные переменные, такие как доход семьи, масштаб города, стоимость транспорта, школы и другие городские объекты, точность моделирования может быть повышена. Среди всех детерминант цен на жилье основополагающими факторами всегда были структурные характеристики, такие как площадь пола, период строительства, возраст дома, количество комнат и ванных комнат и т. д., The article discusses the main stages of BIM architectural design. Large construction projects, regardless of the construction site, be it a bridge, a road or a high-rise building, are based on such elements as hundreds of pieces of equipment, hiring contractors, as well as tens of thousands of megabytes of information. Through the use of BIM technology, a productive management of the indicated data is carried out, which allows the construction organization to significantly reduce time and financial costs in the design process. BIM - technologies have made a real revolution in the construction and digital world, replacing two-dimensional models represented by plans, drawings and paper documentation., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 3 (152) 2023, Pages 1440-1443

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Здание гостиницы высотой 105 м в г. Санкт-Петербурге».В данной работе был проведен обзор ПК отечественного и иностранного производства. Из Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° подробный анализ выбраны Revit и Renga, AutoCad и NanoCad.Для Revit и Renga, как комплексов, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-связную модель, проведено сравнение:проектирования типового этажа здания гостиницы;вывод информационной модели в расчетные программные комплексы;подготовка модели к ГосЭкспертизе;Выделены основные преимущества и недостатки каждого комплекса, сделан вывод о возможности Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð° с Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÐŸÐš на отечественные – основные функции, Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ‹Ðµ для подготовки проектной документации имеются в Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¸Ñ ÐŸÐš.Â, In this paper, a review of PCs of domestic and foreign production was carried out. Revit and Renga, AutoCad and NanoCad were selected for detailed analysis.A comparison was made for Revit and Renga:1. designing a typical floor of a hotel building;2. output of the information model to the calculation software systems;3. preparation of the model for the State Expertise;The main advantages and disadvantages of each complex are highlighted, it is concluded that it is possible to switch from foreign PCs to domestic ones - the main functions necessary for the preparation of project documentation are available in both PCs.Â

The article provides data on the investigation of the effect of enzymatic catalysis on the technological parameters of apple juice production. Apples are distinguished by the presence of a heterogeneous high-molecular complex of biopolymers, which complicates their processing: it prevents juice output, hinders its clarification, filterability of wine materials and negatively affects the colloidal stability of wines. Enzymatic catalysis based on the action of microbial preparations, contributes in many respects to the successful solution of the problems of intensifying technological processes of fruit and berry raw materials processing and improving the quality of obtained products. Enzyme preparations of complex action, causing deep hydrolysis of high-molecular components of the peel and pulp of fruits, provide a more complete extraction of the liquid fraction, better clarification and filterability of juices. The foothill zone of Adygea has special soil and climatic conditions that affect the formation of physical and chemical characteristics of raw materials. Considering that apple tree occupies the first place in terms of planting area among fruit crops in the Republic of Adygea, an urgent task is to study the effect of enzymatic catalysis on technological properties of juices obtained during the processing of apples grown in these soil and climatic conditions. Enzyme preparations of complex action, recommended for the processing of fruit juices and wine materials, made in France and Germany, have been selected as objects of the research. The results of the studies on the use of enzyme preparations in the processing of apple juices, taking into account their influence on the juice yield and such technological parameters as the speed and quality of clarification, filterability and dynamics of alcoholic fermentation, have been presented. The effect of enzymatic catalysis on the mass concentrations of polysaccharides, starch, total nitrogen and phenolic substances has been studied. A higher hydrolytic activity of the Extrazyme enzyme preparation has been established, when added to the pulp; it contributes to the deep transformation of high-molecular substances and, as a result, to optimize the technological parameters of juice production

The current paper has presented the study results on the effect of biological products and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ on productivity of the maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354MV’ carried out in laboratory for cultivation technologies of row crops (FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”) in 2019–2020. The soil in the experimental plot was favorable for the cultivation of corn, containing 3.36% of humus in the arable layer, 24.4 mg of mobile phosphorus, and 360 mg of exchangeable potassium per 1 kg of soil. The soil pH was 7.0. The study was carried out to estimate the effect of the use of biological products for seed treatment and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ for plant treatment on productivity and economic efficiency of maize cultivation. There was low moisture content of sowings during the period of the trial. There was established an uneven distribution of precipitation, the value of the hydrothermal coefficient was less than 1 (0.64 in 2019 and 0.65 in 2020), which indicated the dryness of the vegetation period. The studied biological products and microelement fertilizers influenced the yield structure elements. The applied biological products and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ improved survival rate of plants before harvesting (the plant density was 4.39–4.54 pcs/m2). There was increase of grain productivity indicators, namely cob weight ranged from 112.9 to 125.7 g, grain weight per ear varied from 94.4 to 104.8 g and 1000-grain weight was 221.2–231.4 g. The improvement of the yield structure elements increased grain productivity on 0.25–0.77 t/ha. Economic efficiency showed that the use of biological products and microelement fertilizers raised the conditional net income to the level of 28 061–34 821 rubles/ha, profitability up to 167.6–201.8% and reduced production costs to 4640–5231 rubles/t.

Experiments on measuring the rate of evaporation of liquid sessile droplets into air show that the rate of evaporation increases in the presence of forced convection flows. However, data on the effect of convection on evaporation are often contradictory and should be clarified. The paper presents a numerical analysis of evaporation from the surface of a water droplet subjected to forced convection in the gas phase. The drop is located on a smooth horizontal isothermal substrate; the mode with constant contact angle is considered. The shape of the drop has axial symmetry, the same for the velocities and pressure. Forced convection compatible with the symmetry conditions are represented by flows directed downward along the axis of the system and diverging along the sides near the drop and the substrate. The mathematical model is constructed for evaporation controlled by diffusion in the gas phase and takes into account surface tension, gravity, and viscosity in both media, buoyancy and Marangoni convection. The results indicate the existence of the mutual influence of liquid and gaseous media. Thus, a drop vibrates under the influence of movements in the atmosphere, which generates a density wave in the gas: the drop «sounds». The magnitude of the velocity in a liquid is 50 times less than the characteristic velocity in air. It is found that the evaporation rate does not change in the presence of forced convection flows, which contradicts most of the experimental works. The reason for the discrepancies is supposed to be the appearance of nonequilibrium conditions at the boundary of the condensed phase: under these conditions, the evaporation regime ceases to be diffusional.

The modern vector of development of the national economy and its focus on programme-targeted organisation makes us consider the principles of organisation in public administration in a new way. Modern conditions and principles of public administration require the adaptation of fundamentally new methodological guidelines that can not only manage existing systems, but also stimulate the emergence of fundamentally new economic and social realities. Currently, financing of state programme takes about 70 % of the federal budget, however, the actual implementation of the laid down plans of state programme is far behind the planned targets.Within the international practice of economies with a related organisational structure focused on the implementation of large programme projects, the focus on project management begins to occupy a dominant position in the practice of public management, especially in the field of strategic development.The article studies the special aspects of the project management formation and its scaling at the national level. The paper analyses the experience of implementing the principles of project management in public administration. At the same time, the authors highlight the main fundamental provisions of the successful implementation of projects and determine the key directions for improving the efficiency of project management.

Increasing the yield of juice and biologically active components from plant raw materials is an urgent task in the production of functional beverages. For this, fruit, berry and vegetable pulp was treated with enzymatic preparations of pectolytic action and the yield of juice was determined. Samples of pulp of each raw material were treated with enzyme preparations: Fructocyme P6-L, Fructocyme P, Fructocyme MA, in an amount of 0.03% of the pulp mass. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50 °C for two hours, after which the amount of obtained juice was compared with the control sample. As a result, when adding Fructocyme MA to the pulp of apples and carrots, the juice yield increases by 8% and 17%, respectively. When Fructocyme P6-L is added to the pulp of kiwi, blueberries, grapes, the juice yield increases by 6%, 12 and 10%, respectively. To determine the effect of enzyme preparations on the yield of biologically active components, the previously selected enzyme preparations were added to all samples in an amount of 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.07% of the pulp mass, and the total content of polyphenols was determined by colorimetry and anthocyanins. As a result of the experiment, it was found that in terms of the amount of polyphenolic substances extracted from the pulp, fruit and berry raw materials can be divided into three groups: raw materials with loose pulp, with pulp of medium density and raw materials with dense pulp. As a result, individual enzyme preparations and optimal modes of application were selected for each type of raw material. The dependence of the content of polyphenolic compounds on the dosage of the addition of enzyme preparations has been established.

Objectives. This study described the 4-circle goniometer Syntex P1N and its possible applications in X-ray and neutron structure analysis of single crystals.Methods. The 4-circle goniometer Syntex P1N, due to its high-precision mechanical characteristics and individual components from domestic equipment (sets of DRON type X-ray diffractometers), formed the basis for developing an instrument complex for X-ray and neutron-structure studies.Results. The neutron diffractometer was upgraded based on the Syntex P1N goniometer. Therefore, the 10BF3-based end neutron counter, included in the diffractometer kit, was replaced by the 3He-based domestic side counter, SNM-16. Such a significant reduction in the linear dimensions of the detector allowed us to expand the range of measured angles of 2θ from 90° to 140° and increase the accuracy of the measured interplanar distances accordingly. The goniometer was adjusted relative to the primary neutron beam by placing it on a specially designed plate. Highly accurate measured parameters of the unit cell and the intensity of the reflexes were achieved by optimizing the installation geometry and the protection of the goniometer and detector. Based on the Syntex P1N goniometer, an instrument complex for X-ray diffraction studies has also been developed. Both the developed X-ray and the upgraded neutronography facilities were used to perform experiments to measure the unit cell parameters, the coordinates of atoms, and the parameters of their thermal vibrations on several crystals of domestic synthetic samples: diamond C, silicon Si, halite, or rock salt NaCl, and corundum α-Al2O3. An excellent correlation was achieved by comparing the data obtained with the corresponding chemical crystals’ parameters and reference samples recommended by the International Union of Crystallographers.Conclusions. This paper described a neutron installation and a Syntex P1N neutron diffractometer for the study of single crystals. Based on the latter, an instrument complex for X-ray diffraction studies has also been developed. Experiments on standard samples have shown a high level of accuracy in measuring the lattice parameters, the coordinates of atoms, and the parameters of their thermal vibrations on both the X-ray and neutron diffractometers.

In the process of performing a complex of works on refueling of civil aviation aircraft, one of the key issues is to ensure flight safety by controlling the quality of aviation fuel directly during refueling operations. Currently, to ensure the purity of the refueled jet fuel, water separators with filter elements of a normalized degree of purification are installed on the aircraft refueling facilities, the operation of which in the working area provides normalized indicators of cleaning jet fuel from water and mechanical impurities. As practice shows, in the process of refueling aircraft, for various objective and subjective reasons, sometimes there are stochastic situations in which quality indicators go beyond the limits established by regulatory documentation and are not deterministic, and the subsequent state of such a system is described by values that characterize an extremely low level of jet fuel purification with negative consequences for flight safety. This paper presents a mathematical description of the functioning of water separator filters in the working area, where standardized indicators of the quality of aviation fuel are provided during the refueling of aircraft. The article deals with the issue of blocking the refueling of aircraft in the event of the appearance of non-normalized technical documentation indicators of the quality of aviation fuel, which arise due to a number of different factors that lead to negative cause-and-effect relationships for flight safety. Based on the mathematical description, an approach to creating a system for protecting and blocking the refueling process under the working name "Barrier" is proposed. Of the greatest interest for the study are typical water separator filters installed on refueling vehicles as terminal technical devices for fuel purification during refueling of aircraft.

The course of modernization and innovative development proclaimed by the country's leadership stimulates the innovation process at enterprises. However, being engaged in the development and implementation of innovative projects in the activities of the enterprise, management of enterprises is faced with some barriers caused by the specific features of such projects. The article analyses the current state of affairs in the management of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of the Penza region. The paper determines the existing problems and prospects in the management system of innovative projects in the specified area. The study carries out an assessment of the innovative potential of agricultural organizations of the Penza region. The authors propose a model for managing innovative projects based on a systematic approach, substantiate the application of the differential method in determining the strategy of innovative development, describe operating models for each type of strategy.

The current paper has presented the results of the estimation of productivity of the winter wheat varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Polina’ and ‘Yubiley Dona’ when using liquid complex fertilizers ‘Strada N + Mono Sulfur (S)’, ‘Strada P + Mono Sulfur (S)’ and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The treatment of winter wheat plants was carried out in the form of foliar top-dressings in the stages of tillering and stem extension. The study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “Agri- cultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019-2020. The trials were laid in the crop rotation of the laboratory for primary seed production and seed study. The purpose was to study the effect of liquid complex fertilizers on the productivity of the studied winter wheat varieties. When using fertilizers for all varieties, there was a tendency to an increase in the density of the productive stand on 18-61 pcs/m2 in comparison with the control. The variety ‘Krasa Dona’ showed the best indicators of the traits ‘number of grains per head’, ‘grain weight per head’ and ‘1000 grain weight’ being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (43 pcs., 2.19 g and 45.7 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (46 pcs., 2.30 g and 46.5 g). The variety ‘Polina’ showed good results after being treated with ‘Strada P + S’ (48 pcs., 2.30 g and 42.1 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (51 pcs., 2.43 g and 42.4 g). The variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ showed the greatest increase of the trait ‘number of grains’ with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The trait ‘1000 grains weight’ had an increase of 2.3 g, and ‘grain weight per head’ was 0.29 g. The treatment with fertilizers did not affect the trait ‘plant height’. The highest productivity of the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ was obtained when being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (9.4 t / ha) and ‘Diforma Silicon-potassium’ (9.5 t/ha); the productivity of the variety ‘Polina’ increased after ‘Strada P + S’ (8.8 t/ha) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (9.1 t/ha), and the productivity of the variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ increased after ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (8.9 t/ha). The maximum economic effect (19080 rubles/ha) with 9.5 t/ha of productivity was obtained from the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ after the treatment with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The experimental results have shown that the use of complex fertilizers has a positive effect on the productivity of winter wheat plants.

Introduction. Arc surfacing through feeding an additional filler wire heated by an additional arc burning between the filler wire and the electrode wire is considered. Under the conditions of such surfacing, the minimization of the input of the remelted substrate metal into the weld metal is studied. The research objectives are to examine the conditions providing self-regulation of this advanced arc surfacing process, and to evaluate control capabilities of the heat impact power on the metal and on the weld metal flow. Materials and Methods. In solving a wide range of welding and surfacing tasks, it is advisable to use engineering analysis methods based on physicomathematical modeling of processes and phenomena. These include: self-regulation of the arc process under joint melting of the electrode and the filler wires; assessment of the possibilities to control the heat impact power on the metal and on the weld metal flow during the formation of the weld The features of the arc surfacing of anticorrosive chromium-nickel steels on low-alloy steel are considered in the paper. Results. New mathematical dependences are proposed that describe physical phenomena under surfacing with an arc interaction between the electrode and filler wire. A physicomathematical model of the joint melting of the electrode and filler wire is developed. It provides determining the values of the control parameters. In addition, you can find out how much heat affects the substrate from: heat release in the main arc, droplet flows of the weld electrode and filler metal, arc plasma Discussion and Conclusions. It is established how the current and the lengths of the main and additional arcs are affected by the supply voltages. The feed rate of the electrode and filler wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm and 1.2 mm made of Inconel 625 alloy is determined. It is shown what thermal effect the substrate undergoes in this case. It is noted that due to the larger value of the main arc current, the diameter of the electrode wire should be larger than that of the filler wire. The heat flow in the substrate is created mainly by the flow of the weld metal droplets.

The paper presents a study of the effect of adding Mo and MoS2 on the microstructure and properties of a powder coating based on austenitic steels. The coatings have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a Vickers hardness tester, and abrasion wear resistance has been determined by the Pin on disk method. The results show that a coating that does not contain Mo and MoS2 consists of the phases g(Fe), M7(C, B)3 and (Fe, Cr)2B. The addition of Mo and MoS2 leads to the formation of phases M23(C, B)6, Mo2(B, C) and Fe3Mo3(C, B), where M = Fe, Cr, Mo. The main goal of these studies was to study characteristics of Mo and MoS2 distribution and the effect of their addition on the microstructure, hardness, and abrasion wear resistance of an alloy coating based on austenitic steels. Composite materials based on austenitic steels obtained by diffusion alloying (Aus0Mo), which has a nearly spherical shape with a diameter of 50–100 μm, have been used for deposition. 3–7 wt. % of Mo powder and 1.0–1.5 wt. % of MoS2 powder with a diameter less than 50 μm have been added in the powder of the composite material based on austenitic steels (Aus3Mo, Aus5Mo, Aus7Mo). Surfacing methods, including gas arc welding with a tungsten electrode, arc welding in shielding gas, plasma surfacing (PTA) and laser surfacing are widely used in industry to increase wear resistance of surfaces. The most important differences between these methods are deposition rate, applicability of materials, substrate dilution, microstructure and hardness stability after exposure to high temperatures, as well as manufacturing cost. Among the methods described above, plasma spraying followed by fusion is a good alternative to other surfacing processes. The coating should not be overheated until it is completely melted, since in this case the primary crystals of chromium carbides and borides pass into a liquid solution and upon subsequent crystallization, form a coarser structure, worsening the quality of the coating. This is precisely what does not occur during plasma spraying followed by reflow; in addition, the method is cheap, coatings are of high quality, competitive wear resistance and high stability of properties at high temperature.

Introduction. Meat-containing semi-finished minced products demonstrate a wide variety of properties, as they contain both plant and meat components. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to plan the freezing process. In view of the current environmental situation, packaging films used for cold storage should be biodegradable. The effect of low-temperature freezing and storage on biodegradable polymers remains understudied. The research objective was to find the optimal modes for minced-meat semi-finished products frozen in a biopolymer package. Study objects and methods. The study featured zrazy, or meat balls, with vegetable filling and a biopolymer film based on corn starch. It involved a laboratory combination freezing and storage cabinet and an XLW(M) tension tester to establish the physical properties of the film. Results and discussion. The meat-containing semi-finished minced products were vacuum-packaged in biopolymer material and subjected to convection, contact, and combined freezing. The experiments resulted in a new combined method of freezing for biopolymer-packaged semi-finished meat-containing products. The research also tested the strength properties of the CornBag biopolymer film during freezing and cold storage. The paper introduces a graphoanalytic method of calculation of freezing time. Conclusion. The new combined freezing method involved vacuum packaging, air-blast subfreezing, and further freezing on a refrigerated plate. The biopolymer film proved suitable for freezing and cold storage of food products. It keeps the product from drying, reduces vitamin losses, and preserves sensory properties. The optimal storage mode was –18°C, the maximum storage time – 6 months. The improved freezing technology combined freezing method with convective air-blasting and contact freezing on a refrigerated plate for products pre-packaging in a biopolymer vacuum bag. The optimal freezing parameters: temperature = –40°С, time = 85 min, rate = 1.33 cm/h.

The paper is devoted to the problems of civil pilots upset recovery training. This is quite a new problem, which occurred due to the change in civil aviation pilots training programs that became possible due to the high level of modern civil aircraft automation. The upset recovery training removal negatively affected the level of flight safety both in our country and all over the world. The paper presents legal documents for flight simulations certification. Types of aircraft for civil pilots initial training used all over the world are described too. The analysis of the new types of light training aircraft that can be used as a change in the civil aviation academies was conducted. Modern upset recovery training program and its blind spots were studied in this paper in details. The problems of modern studies in upset recovery in civil aviation are the central part of this work. The paper contains information about legislative framework obsolescence, and creation of a new type of aviation simulator, that can simulate upset recovery situations concept. Current legislative framework of aviation simulators licensing is analyzed in this paper in comparison with the best international practices, regulations and recommendations. Conducted analysis showed that current certification legislative framework became obsolete and needs a revision for maintaining high standards in flight safety. Recommendations connected with the change of initial training types of aircraft in civil aviation academies are given.

Работа посвящена созданию алгоритма, который позволит реализовывать типовые проекты с заранее известными показателями с учетом Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€Ð¸ÑÐºÐ¾Ð². Задачи, которые решались в Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ исследования: 1. Сформулировать понятие стоимостной оценки 2. Определить методы оценки и контроль качества проектов 3. Проанализировать управление стоимостью проектов 4. Создать алгоритм для зданий общественного назначения. Методика исследования включает в себя обзор Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÐºÑ€Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÐµÐ² инжиниринга в строительстве, а также метод сравнения, который позволит изучить все конструктивные решения и впоследствии выявить наиболее Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´ÑÑ‰Ð¸Ð¹ для реализации Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾ÐµÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ð². На основе этого можно будет выявить Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ‹Ð¹ общий алгоритм для определенной категории зданий. Таким образом, для застройщика формируется «база Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Â» для внедрения Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ ÑÐ¾Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑŠÐµÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ð². Дополнив уже имеющиеся данные, застройщик получает готовый объект внутри собственного разрабатываемого жилого комплекса. В данной работе сформулированы первоначальные критерии к типовым рассматриваемым объектам, Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ‹Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ Ñ€Ð°ÑÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð². Также предлагаемый алгоритм применен при строительстве и приведены подробные расчеты, которыми может пользоваться строительная компания., The work is devoted to the creation of an algorithm that will allow the implementation of standard projects with previously known indicators, taking into account possible risks. The tasks that were solved in the course of the study: 1. Formulate the concept of valuation 2. Determine evaluation methods and quality control of projects 3. Analyze project cost management 4. Create an algorithm for public buildings The research methodology includes an overview of various criteria for engineering in construction, as well as a comparison method that will allow you to study all design solutions and subsequently identify the most suitable for the implementation of these projects. Based on this, it will be possible to identify the necessary general algorithm for a specific category of buildings. In this way, a "database" is formed for the developer for the implementation of standard social facilities. Having supplemented the existing data, the developer receives a finished object inside his own developed residential complex. In this paper, the initial criteria for the typical objects under consideration are formulated, which are necessary for subsequent calculations. Also, the proposed algorithm was applied during construction and detailed calculations are provided that can be used by a construction company.

The actual problem of mineral resources depletion in ferrous metallurgy can be effectively solved by complex reuse of technogenic waste. That waste is mostly presented by EAF (electric arc furnace) slag and LF (ladle furnace) slag. These two kinds of slag have no complex full utilization. The residues of slag are going to the dump and then the slag dump locations pollute the environment. However, the residues of EAF and LF slag can be transformed into the valuable industrial product by interaction of the slag components. This work presents the research for joint wasteless processing of EAF and LF slag with production of Portland clinker and cast iron. The article describes disadvantages of known methods of each slag processing; the paper also shows the significance of LF slag utilization. Design and calculations of the research are presented as well as its experiment methodology. The final results show five chemical compositions for the mixtures, which allow the complex processing of this slag without any waste left. Such processing provides the production of cast iron and Portland clinker both meeting requirements of normative documents. The paper also describes the results of viscosity measurements of slag compositions, the obtained slag phases, and presents the final temperature conditions. The work also considers the results of industrial tests for the developed processing technology and a complete technological chain involving the use of tilt rotary furnaces. © 2021 National University of Science and Technology MISIS. All rights reserved.

Представлен обзор зарубежных научных исследований по получению ванилина, олигосахаридов, липидов и ферментов из свекловичного жома. Наличие в составе свекловичного жома лигнина, состоящего в основном из феруловой кислоты, делает его перспективным источником для получения ванилина; по данным иранских исследователей его выход составляет 1439,3 мг/100 г свекловичного жома. В работах польских и нидерландских исследователей отмечено, что с применением различных ферментов можно достичь 95%-й степени гидролиза пищевых волокон свекловичного жома до олигосахаридов. При микробиологической обработке свекловичного жома для получения липидов их выработка составляет 0,12 г/г сухих веществ при длине цепи 16–18 атомов углерода, что аналогично длинам цепей липидов растительных масел. Микробиологический синтез ферментов из свекловичного жома также показал свою перспективность. Так, при жидкофазном ферментировании свекловичного жома с содержанием сухих веществ 2% выработка β-амилазы с применением P. chitinolyticus составила 2,237 ед./мл. При твердофазном синтезе β-глюкооксидазы с применением T. aurantiacus выработка составила 70 ед./г сухих веществ, а A. pullulans – 13 ед./г сухих веществ. При твердофазном синтезе α-галактозидазы плесенями A. niger выработка составила 230,159 ед./г сухих веществ, A. spinosa – 117,8 ед./г сухих веществ, F. moniliforme – 207,33 ед./г сухих веществ. Отмечено, что получаемые путем микробиологической обработки свекловичного жома ферменты обладают высокой активностью, а также устойчивостью к изменению температуры и реакции среды. Полученные различными исследователями данные показывают перспективность применения свекловичного жома для получения пищевых ингредиентов и биологически активных веществ., The article provides a review of foreign scientific research on the production of vanillin, oligosaccharides, lipids and enzymes from sugar beet pulp. The presence of lignin in beet pulp, mainly consisting of ferulic acid, makes it a promising source for vanillin obtaining – according to Iranian researchers, its yield is 1439,3 mg/100 g of sugar beet pulp. In the works of Polish and Dutch researchers, it was noted that using various enzymes it is possible to achieve a 95% degree sugar beet pulp dietary fiber hydrolysis to oligosaccharides. In the microbiological treatment of sugar beet pulp to produce lipids, their production is 0,12 g/g of dry substances with a chain length of 16–18 carbon atoms, which is similar to the vegetable oils lipid chains length. Microbiological synthesis of enzymes from beet pulp has also shown its prospects. So, with liquid-phase fermentation of sugar beet pulp with a dry substances content of 2%, the production of β-amylase using P. chitinolyticus was 2,237 units/ml. During solid-phase synthesis of β-glucooxidase using T. aurantiacus, it was 70 units/g of dry substances, and A. pullulans – 13 units/g of dry substances. During solid-phase synthesis of α-galactosidase by A. niger molds, production amounted to 230,159 units/g of dry substances, A. spinosa – 117,8 units/g of dry substances and F. moniliforme – 207,33 units/g of dry substances. It is noteworthy that the enzymes obtained by microbiological treatment of sugar beet pulp have high activity, as well as resistance to changes in temperature and the medium reaction. The data obtained by various researchers show the prospects of using beet pulp for the food ingredients and biologically active substances production., Известия вузов. Пищевая технология, Выпуск 2-3 (380-381) 2021

Статья посвящена анализу рынка сервисных и инжиниринговых услуг в нефтяной сфере в мире и России. Определены основные тенденции и пути развития рынка. Сформулированы на основе национального и зарубежного опыта рекомендации по поддержке отрасли, в частности, в условиях пандемии., The paper is on the analysis of the global and Russian markets of maintenance and engineering services in the oil sector. The market's main trends and ways of development are determined. Basing on the national and foreign experience recommendations to support the industry, in particular, under the pandemic are formulated., Экономика и управление: научно-практический журнал, Выпуск 1 (157) 2021, Pages 74-76

Existing technological schemes of lime-carbon dioxide purification of diffusion juice include lime treatment (defecation) and two-stage treatment with carbon dioxide (saturation) with sediment separation. Improving cleaning methods aimed at increasing its efficiency is an urgent task. Lime-carbon dioxide purification of the concentrated sugar-containing solution before boiling allows to improve the quality of sugar, reducing the syrup color and increasing its natural alkalinity. The proposed purification scheme, which includes overcarbonation to low syrup pH values (8 and below), its mixing with carbonated syrup and adding activated suspension of II saturation sediment, makes it possible to obtain a purified solution with an increased effect of adsorption purification, with a significantly low content of high-molecular compounds and their calcium salts. The results of the study of various schemes for the purification of syrups in a laboratory setup have been presented. A method for purification of concentrated sugar-containing solutions, protected by a patent of the Russian Federation for the invention, has been developed, which provides for the reduction in the consumption of calcium hydroxide by 0,10–0,12% of CaO by weight of the product or by 0,04% by weight of beet.

Amid the turbulence in the external environment, the issue of finding adaptive strategies is becoming increasingly relevant. This problem is especially acute in industrial markets. One of the most common strategies is differentiation. Numerous modern theories of differentiation rest on the distinctive features of consumer demand and often do not take into account the factors of product supply. These factors, however, serve as the basis for determining the generic development strategy of an industrial enterprise. The paper explores production differentiation and justifies the factors of supply affecting it. The theory of industrial organization, the theory of strategic management and the microeconomic approach constitute the methodological framework of the present article. General scientific methods of logic-structural analysis were used. The empirical base includes data from nine industrial markets for mechanical engineering in the Russian Federation. Having analyzed the theoretical approaches to substantiating the existence of production differentiation, we managed to identify its fundamental factors: specialization and the presence (absence) of economies of scale. To assess these factors, we propose using two indicators: the industry specialization coefficient and the indicator of absolute cost advantage. Matrixing industrial markets for mechanical engineering by the parameters “the level of industry specialization” and “economies of scale” allowed pinpointing three types of production differentiation and their corresponding generic strategies. In the presence of economies of scale and a narrow specialization, an enterprise should choose the strategy of “capturing a niche”; in the presence of economies of scale and a broad specialization, it should follow the strategy of wide differentiation. In the absence of economies of scale for broad and narrow industry differentiation, the generic strategy of a machine-building enterprise is competitive marketing. The author’s methodological approach to choosing the type of production differentiation is versatile and can be used to substantiate generic strategies of industrial enterprises.

Introduction. The main work objective is systematization and analysis of structural defects of vacuum ion-plasma coatings; on this basis, their classification principles are developed and given in the paper. Another important part of the work is the experimental study on one of the specific defects of coatings, which the authors propose to call “defect of substructural origin”. Materials and Methods. PVD coatings of various nitride and metal systems 1.5-9.0 μm thick were used as an object of the research. Coatings were applied in vacuum installations using arc and magnetron evaporators. The research results were obtained by high resolution electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis and indentation. Results. Various types of defects in ion-vacuum coatings are presented as the research results. They include discontinuities, deformation of crystallites, and structural inhomogeneity. The principles of their systematization are validated. It is proposed to classify defects into droplet, substructural, and growth defects (depending on the causes of their nucleation), as well as regular and stochastic ones (depending on their distribution in the coating volume). The study of “substructural defects”, classified by the authors as stochastic, is given special consideration. These micrometric defects are shaped like a cylinder with a conical “head”. Their main axle is oriented perpendicular to the surface of the coating. They can be “extruded” (tore away) by the coating. The paper validates the dislocation mechanism of their nucleation and the helicoid growth principle. Conclusions. The inference is summarized that the proposed systematization of defects in ion-plasma coatings has the character of an intermediate result of research in this scientific area. At this, the “substructural defects” do not have a fatal effect on the structure and properties of the coating due to a small size.

Introduction. The paper considers an actual issue of the development and application of a non-destructive method for controlling the quality of surfaces of steel products (Kelvin probe method). The work objective is to establish the magnitude of the contact potential difference (CPD) of steel 107WCR5 after heat treatment. Materials and Methods. The object of study is alloy tool steel 107WCR5. The chemical composition of the samples was refined through the optical emission analysis method. To carry out the statistical processing, there were three samples in three series. We chose different heat treatment modes for each series, i.e., quenching with low tempering, strengthening and normalization. The end surfaces of the samples were polished and then one of them was treated with a solution of nitric acid. Further, the measurement of the contact potential difference and statistical data processing were carried out. Results. The data obtained show that the CPD value of steel 107WCR5 samples changes after heat treatment. With an increase in tempering temperature, the contact potential difference of the polished surface and the hardness, decrease almost linearly. Exposure to acid causes a significant decrease and equalization of the contact potential difference for all structures. The contact potential difference of steels 107WCR5 and CT105 is compared. Alloying steel by the elements with the work function values of the electron higher than that of iron causes a decrease in the CPD between the standard and the sample. The CPD behavior under a change in the composition of the steel depends strongly on the presence of alloying elements. The dependence of CPD on the dispersion of the structure is seen in both cases; however, it is more pronounced for 107WCR5 steel. The electron work function of the martensite, troostite, and sorbitol structures obtained as a result of heat treatment of steels 107WCR5 and CT105 is calculated. Discussion and Conclusions. The dependence of the contact potential difference on the structure, chemical and phase composition was experimentally established; the electron work function of steels 107WCR5 and CT105 was calculated. This technique is more sensitive to alloy steel samples than to carbon steel. It seems possible to conclude that the measurement of the contact potential difference can be used to control surfaces exposed to active media or elevated temperatures as a non-destructive express diagnostic method.

Excessively acidic soils account for one third of arable land in the Russian Federation (35.1 million ha). Over the post-reform period (1990–2019), the relative share of acidic soils increased by 2%, due to a sharp decrease in the area of liming, and thus restoration of acidic properties of genetically acidic soils previously limed, as well as the involvement in agricultural use of some abandoned fields and fallows covered by acidic soils. This paper demonstrates a new approach to prioritize areas for liming by the example of the Vladimir region. The study makes use of newly established database “Soils of agricultural lands in the Russian Federation” which includes 10,000 soil quality typological unites and 57,678 soil quality mapping units (SQMU). National “Grain equivalent model” calculates the standard yields for grain crops by each SQMU. The GIS analysis allows joining spatial distribution of soil acidity and standard yields of grains in order to determine the priority areas for lime application. Acidic soils with the highest grains standard yield are proposed to be considered as high-priority ones for liming. Application of the given method in two districts of the Vladimir region showed significant reduction in the payback period of liming.

The present paper deals with the use of cast iron cauldrons in medieval urban settlements east of the Carpathian, controlled by the Golden Horde, employing as a case study the archaeological finds uncovered within the medieval site of Old Orhei (Orheiul Vechi, Republic of Moldova). Therefore, the objective of the paper is to provide novel data on this category of cooking vessels, uncovered during archaeological excavations carried out within this site in the valley of Raut River, during the campaigns of 1947–2018. This information will complete the database on the morphology and chronology of cast iron vessels, as well as the territorial spread of this category of artifacts in the western part of the area ruled by the Golden Horde in the fourteenth century.

Introduction. Soy pulp, or okara, is a soy milk by-product. It contains a complex of valuable macro- and micronutrients, including fat-soluble vitamins. Recently, there has been a growing interest in replacing synthetic antioxidants with a mix of natural tocopherols. Soy beans and their by-products contain vitamin E and therefore can be used in food production, cosmetic, etc. Study objects and methods. The present research featured soy pulp. The content of tocopherols in the soy product was determined by high performance liquid chromatography using Sigma Aldrich standards and corresponding calibration dependencies. The research also involved spectrophotometry for determining tocopherols in standard solutions followed by chromatographic separation using fluorimetric detection. Results and discussion. To determine tocopherols in the okara, the test samples were treated with hexane. The filtered solution was exposed to low temperatures, after which the phases formed by centrifugation were separated. The samples were tested for all forms of tocopherols with the exception of β- and γ-forms. The chromatographic separation of the peaks of these forms was difficult due to the fact that their structural formulas were similar and differed only in the arrangement of methyl groups, i.e. the ortho- and paraposition. As a result, it was decided to determine the sum of the β- and γ-forms, which did not affect the objectivity of the analysis, since, according to published data, the content of β-tocopherol in soy products stays within 5%. Conclusion. The proposed method for sample preparation made it possible to improve the separation of the lipid fraction, which had a positive effect on the results of the analysis. The method also determined not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative content of tocopherols in the product. This reduced the risk of malfunctioning chromatographic equipment: the method proved more economical in terms of labor and reagent use. The obtained results corresponded to the existing scientific data on the content of tocopherols in soy products. The content of tocopherols in soy okara was 109 mg%.

Background. The development of new technologies of the directed synthesis and use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials with properties that are radically different from those of traditional materials, related to peculiarities of their dimensions and to the combination and variability range of physicochemical properties, parameters, characteristics of nanoparticles and their coating surface, procedures and manipulations when conducting studies, can result in development of quite different effects and risks.Objective. The purpose of the paper is analysis of the significance of dimensional and structural factors, and their combinations in the manifestation of toxicity and danger of nanomaterials based on published data.Methods. Analysis and systematization of scientific data on the assessment of manifestations of toxicity and hazard of nanomaterials over the past 20 years.Results. The transition of substances to the nanoscale state makes them chemically more active – the smaller the size of the nanoparticles, the stronger the effect they show in comparison with equivalent amounts of this substance in a traditional macro form. On contact with the biological environment, their surface is covered with proteins. When entering the body, they may undergo agglomeration, dissociation, or modification. Procedures and manipulations in the research can also affect the properties and, consequently, the toxicity of nanoparticles. Most nanoparticles are unstable in dispersion, prone to aggregation and sedimentation, which significantly affects the process of absorption of nanoparticles and their toxicity.Conclusions. The toxicity and danger of nanoparticles and nanomaterials depend on many factors and their combinations. The complexity of assessing the impact of nanostructures is determined by the range of variability of properties, chemical, geometric, physico-chemical properties and characteristics, size, surface of nanoparticles. The improvement and development of new approaches to identifying the danger of nanoscale objects is a promising direction of scientific investigations., Проблематика. Развитие новых технологий направленного синтеза и использования наночастиц и наноматериалов, свойства которых радикально отличаются от таковых у традиционных материалов и связаны с особенностями их размерности, а также c сочетанием и диапазоном вариабельности физико-химических свойств, параметров, характеристик наночастиц и поверхности их покрытия, процедур и манипуляций при проведении исследований, может привести к возникновению абсолютно разных эффектов и рисков.Цель. Анализ на основе литературных данных значимости размерно-структурных факторов и их сочетаний в проявлении токсичности и опасности наноматериалов.Методика реализации. Анализ и систематизация научных данных, посвященных оценке особенностей проявления токсичности и опасности наноматериалов, за последние 20 лет.Результаты. Переход веществ в наноразмерное состояние делает их химически более активными: чем меньше размер наночастиц, тем сильнее проявляемое ими действие по сравнению с эквивалентными количествами данного вещества в традиционной макроформе. При контакте с биологической средой их поверхность покрывается белками. При попадании в организм они могут подвергаться агломерации, диссоциации или модификации. Процедуры и манипуляции при проведении исследований также могут оказывать влияние на свойства, а следовательно, и на токсичность наночастиц. Большинство наночастиц нестабильны в дисперсии, склонны к агрегации и седиментации, что существенно влияет на процесс поглощения наночастиц и их токсичность.Выводы. Токсичность и опасность наночастиц и наноматериалов зависят от множества факторов и их сочетаний. Сложность оценки воздействия наноструктур определяется диапазоном вариабельнос­ти свойств, параметров, химических, геометрических и физико-химических характеристик, размера, поверхности наночастиц. Перспективными являются усовершенствование и разработка новых подходов выявления опасности наноразмерных объектов., Проблематика. Розвиток нових технологій спрямованого синтезу та використання наночастинок і наноматеріалів, властивості яких радикально відрізняються від таких у традиційних матеріалів і пов’язані з особливостями їх розмірності, а також з поєднанням і діапазоном варіабельності фізико-хімічних властивостей, параметрів, характеристик наночастинок та поверхні їх покриття, процедур і маніпуляцій при проведенні досліджень, може привести до виникнення абсолютно різних ефектів та ризиків.Мета. Аналіз на основі літературних даних значимості розмірно-структурних факторів та їх поєднань на прояви токсичності й небезпечності наноматеріалів.Методика реалізації. Аналіз і систематизація сучасних наукових даних, присвячених оцінці особливостей прояву токсичності та небезпечності наноматеріалів, за останні 20 років.Результати. Перехід речовин у нанорозмірний стан робить їх хімічно активнішими: чим менший розмір наночастинок, тим сильніше проявляється їх дія порівняно з еквівалентними кількостями речовини в традиційній макроформі. При контакті з біологічним середовищем їх поверхня покривається білками. При потраплянні в організм вони можуть піддаватися агломерації, дисоціації або модифікації. Процедури та маніпуляції при проведенні досліджень також можуть впливати на властивості, а отже, і на токсичність наночастинок. Більшість наночастинок нестабільні в дисперсії, схильні до агрегації та седиментації, що суттєво впливає на процес поглинання наночастинок та їх токсичність.Висновки. Токсичність і небезпечність наночастинок і наноматеріалів залежать від безлічі факторів і їх поєднань. Складність оцінки впливу наноструктур визначається діапазоном варіабельності властивостей, параметрів, хімічних, геометричних і фізико-хімічних характеристик, розміру, поверхні наночастинок. Перспективними є удосконалення і розробка нових підходів виявлення небезпечності нанорозмірних об’єктів.

Исследована кинетика выпечки хлеба с различным содержанием экстракта лимонника китайского. Приведены результаты органолептического анализа качества полученного продукта с последующей количественной оценкой качества продукта с использованием аппарата нечеткой логики. Установлено, что содержание экстракта лимонника в рецептуре в количестве 15 мл практически не влияет на кинетику выпечки. Сенсорный вкусовой анализ качества выпеченных изделий показал, что наилучшими вкусовыми качествами обладает хлеб, выпеченный по рецептуре с содержанием экстракта лимонника в количестве 3 мл. Использование аппарата нечеткой логики в программном комплексе matlab c расширением fuzzy logic toolbox в блоке нечеткого логического вывода позволяет применять интерактивный режим графических средств редактирования и визуализации всех компонентов систем нечеткого вывода для интерактивной оценки интервальных вкусовых качеств хлеба в зависимости от соотношения ингредиентов рецептуры в соответствии с функцией принадлежности., The paper presents materials on the study of the kinetics of baking bread with different contents of Schisandra chinensis extract and organoleptic analysis of the quality of the resulting product, followed by a quantitative assessment of the quality of the product using a fuzzy logic apparatus. It was established that the content of lemongrass extract in the formulation in the amount of 15 ml practically does not affect the kinetics of baking. Sensory taste analysis of the quality of baked products showed that the best tastes are bread baked according to the recipe with the content of Schisandra extract in the amount of 3 ml. Using the fuzzy logic apparatus in the Matlab software package, the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox extension in the fuzzy logic inference unit allows you to use the interactive mode of graphical editing tools and visualization of all components of fuzzy inference systems for interactive evaluation of interval taste qualities of bread depending on the ratio of recipe ingredients in accordance with membership function., №373 (2020)

Introduction. The paper devotes to the features of hydration and hardening of polymineral composite binders. The authors carry out the complex research of the phase composition, hydration and structure formation processes of hardened composite binders with active mineral additives by X-ray phase analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy. The study using a Tescan MIRA 3 scanning electron microscope reveals differences in the microstructure of hardened binders and the authors confirm the results by microprobe studies. The authors study the hydration of the composite binder prepared on the basis of Portland cement and mineral components. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the dynamics of the system’s heat dissipation from the moment of mixing with water and hardening up to 24 hours and up to 72 hours by the expressed bond of dQ / dt = f (t) using a differential calorimeter.Methods and materials. The authors carried out experimental studies at Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, at the Department of Building Materials, Products and Structures, at the High Technology Center and “BelGTASM-Certificate” Test Center. Therefore, the authors used the existing basic research methods, including modern physicochemical methods of analysis: X-ray phase, scanning electron microscopy, etc. The paper determined the main characteristics of raw materials, composite binders and foam concrete using standard methods and regulatory requirements.Results. The authors obtained the results that testified the peculiarities of hydration and hardening processes of polymineral composite binders on the basis of Portland cement and mineral additives: opoka marl and fly ash.Conclusion. The research establishes the hydration and hardening processes of polymineral composite binders. As a result, the authors demonstrate that the opoka marl introduced into the cement leads to the increased hydration in the induction and accelerated periods and also increases the hydration completeness of the main clinker minerals due to the manifestation of the pozzolanic reaction and the active binding of blocking Portlandite, as well as to the higher concentration of accumulated neoplasms, second generation calcium hydrosilicates.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

Метановые сипы являются широко распространенным явлением, наблюдаемым на шельфах и континентальных склонах внутренних и окраинных морей по всему миру, в том числе и в море Лаптевых. Ключевыми биогеохимическими процессами, протекающими в донных осадках этих районов, являются анаэробное окисление метана в сочетании с бактериальной сульфатредукцией. Оба этих процесса контролируют образование специфической аутигенной минерализации. Целью настоящей работы являлось изучение аутигенных минералов донных осадков с аномально высокими концентрациями метана, отобранных на двух сиповых участках в северо-восточной части моря Лаптевых, для определения признаков их идентификации в древних осадочных породах. Приведены результаты литологических и минералогических исследований донных осадков. Было установлено, что основными аутигенными минералами в исследованных образцах донных осадков, отобранных с двух сиповых участков в северо-восточной части моря Лаптевых, являются магнезиальный кальцит, гипс и пирит. Разная специфика аутигенной минерализации, предположительно, указывает на различия в режимах миграции метан-содержащих флюидов на этих участках. Временное снижении интенсивности просачивания метана в пределах «восточного сипа» способствовало насыщению поровой воды ионами SO[4]{2-} и Ca{2+} и, как следствие, осаждению гипса. Близповерхностное положение сульфат-метановой транзитной зоны в «западном сипе», обусловленное высокими потоками метана, благоприятствовало осаждению магнезиального кальцита в верхних горизонтах донных осадков. Присутствие пирита в осадках как восточного, так западного сиповых участков является свидетельством активности процесса бактериальной сульфат-редукции при анаэробном окислении метана. Methane seeps is a widespread phenomenon observed on the shelves and continental slopes of inland and border seas around the world, including the Laptev Sea. Key biogeochemical processes occurring in the bottom sediments of these areas are the anaerobic oxidation of methane in combination with bacterial sulfate reduction. Both of these processes control the formation of specific autigenic mineralization. The aim of this work was to study authigenic minerals of bottom sediments with abnormally high concentrations of methane taken from two seeps in the north-eastern part of the Laptev Sea to determine the signs of their identification in ancient sedimentary rocks. The paper presents the results of lithological and mineralogical studies of bottom sediments. It was found that magnesium calcite, gypsum and pyrite are the main authigenic minerals in the studied samples of bottom sediments taken from two seeps in the north-eastern part of the Laptev Sea. The different specifics of authigenic mineralization indicate differences in conditions of migration of methane-containing fluids in these areas, presumably. Temporary decrease in the rate of methane seepage within the «eastern seep» contributed to the saturation of pore water with SO[4]{2-} and Ca{2+} and, as a consequence, gypsum deposition. The near-surface position of the sulfate-methane transition zone in the «western seep» due to high methane flows favored the precipitation of magnesian calcite in the upper horizons of bottom sediments. The presence of pyrite in sediments of eastern and western seep is evidence of the activity of the bacterial sulfate reduction during anaerobic methane oxidation.

В данной работе рассмотрены методы получения металлических порошков. Подробно рассмотрен метод центробежного распыления. Проведено сравнение методов получения металлического порошка. На основе литературы описан механизм формирования металлического порошка методом центробежного распыления. Рассмотрена установка по получению металлического порошка методом центробежного распыления. Разработана конструкция привода, соединенного жестко со станком без использования цепных или ременных передач с возможностью регулирования от 0 до 40000 оборотов/минуту. Проведен статический и модальный анализ вала шпиндельного узла. Создана геометрическая модель распыляющего устройства, создана модель процесса центробежного распыления расплава. Все расчеты методом конечных элементов произведены с применением программного пакета «Ansys» с использованием таких модулей как «Design modeler», «Meshing», «Mechanical», «Fluent». Проектирование мотор- шпинделя проводилось в программном пакете «КОМПАС — 3D». По результатам трехмерного моделирования сверхбыстрого шпинделя и моделирования процесса центробежного распыления расплава показана перспективность использования данной технологии распыления металла. Благодаря данным расчетам выявлена закономерность образования капель, с помощью которой можно управлять процессом распыления получая требуемый размер металлического порошка для любого используемого расплава металла., In this paper, methods for producing metal powders were considered. The centrifugal atomization method is considered in detail. Based on the literature, the mechanism of the formation of a metal powder by centrifugal spraying is described. A drive design has been developed that is rigidly connected to the machine without the use of chain or belt drives with the ability to control from 0 to 40,000 rpm. The loads acting on the supports of the motor spindle are determined. A system of oil channels and cooling channels for the spindle housing has been developed. A geometric model of an atomizer device was created, a model of the centrifugal atomization process was created. All calculations by the finite element method were performed using the Ansys software package using such modules as Design modeler, Meshing, Mechanical, Fluent. The design of the motor spindle was carried out in the KOMPAS-3D software package. According to the results of three-dimensional modeling of an ultrafast spindle and simulation of the centrifugal melt spraying process, the prospects of using this metal spraying technology are shown. Thanks to these calculations, the pattern of droplet formation was revealed, with the help of which it is possible to control the spraying process, obtaining the required size of the metal powder for any metal melt used.

В работе рассмотрены структурно-морфологические и бумагообразующие свойства целлюлозы, полученной сульфатным способом из древесины тропических пород – Bambusa blumeana и акация Acacia hybrid, местом произрастания которых является Вьетнам. Выполнено сравнение со свойствами целлюлозы из древесины традиционных северных лиственных (смесь березы и осины 50:50) и хвойных пород. Структурно-морфологические свойства определены на автоматическом анализаторе волокна L&W Fiber Tester. Цифровые микрофотографии получены на микроскопе «ImagerM2m Carl Zeiss». Исследованы образцы до и после размола на мельнице Йокро до степени помола 30 °ШР, для целлюлозы из акации – 20 °ШР. Установлено, что, по сравнению с лиственной целлюлозой, волокна бамбука более длинные (1,8 мм против 1,0 мм), с меньшей шириной (17 мкм против 26 мкм), более изогнутые (фактор формы 87,5 против 92,5) и имеют больше изломов (0,42 против 0,29). Волокна акации более короткие (0,9 мм против 1,0 мм), с меньшей шириной (19 мкм против 26 мкм), более изогнутые (фактор формы 91,6 против 92,5) и имеют больше изломов (0,44 против 0,29). По сравнению с хвойной целлюлозой волокна бамбука и акации более короткие с меньшей шириной, менее изогнутые и имеют больше изломов. Использование небеленой целлюлозы из бамбука и акации в композиции небеленых видов бумаги и картона не приведет к повышению их прочности и жесткости, но может использоваться для повышения эластичности и растяжимости, что должно быть установлено в дальнейших исследованиях., The paper considers the structural-morphological and papermaking properties of kraft pulp from tropical woods – Bambusa blumeana and Acacia hybrid, the place of growth of which is Vietnam. A comparison with the properties of traditional northern hardwood pulp (a mixture of birch and aspen 50:50) and softwood pulp was made. Structural and morphological properties are determined on an automatic fiber analyzer L&W Fiber Tester. Digital micrographs were taken with an ImagerM2m Carl Zeiss microscope. Samples were studied before and after refining at the Yokro mill to 30° SR, for acacia pulp – 20°SR. It was found that, compared with hardwood pulp, bamboo fibers are longer (1.8 mm vs 1.0 mm), with a smaller width (17 μm vs 26 μm), more curved (shape factor 87.5 vs 92.5) and have more kinks (0.42 versus 0.29). Acacia fibers are shorter (0.9 mm vs 1.0 mm), with a smaller width (19 μm vs 26 μm), more curved (shape factor 91.6 vs 92.5) and have more kinks (0.44 vs 0.29). Compared to softwood pulp, bamboo and acacia fibers are shorter with a smaller width, less curved and have more kinks. The use of unbleached pulp from bamboo and acacia in the furnish of unbleached types of paper and cardboard will not lead to an increase in their strength and stiffness, but can be used to increase elasticity and extensibility, which should be established in further studies., Известия СПбЛТА, Выпуск 231 2020

В статье рассматриваются изделия из цветного металла из раскопок на территории Тайницкого сада Московского Кремля 2007 г. Коллекция включает украшения, культовые и бытовые предметы, в общей сложности 377 находок (рис. 1–3). Основное внимание в статье уделено ювелирным изделиям. Наибольшую долю среди них составляют находки XIV–XV вв., но есть и датирующиеся XII–XIII вв. Выявлены специфика видового состава ювелирных украшений; изделия, имеющие аналогии в древностях юга Восточной Европы золотоордынского времени. Обилие предметов религиозного культа свидетельствует о местонахождении на данной территории жилищ священнослужителей. Находки импорта, разнообразие предметов быта XIV–XVI вв. отражают высокий статус людей, проживавших в этой части Подола Московского Кремля в этот период., The paper explores items made from non-ferrous metal found during excavations in the Taynitskiy Garden of the Moscow Kremlin in 2007. The assemblage includes jewelry, cult and household items, in total 377 finds (Fig. 1–3). The paper focuses on jewelry. Most jewelry pieces date to the 14th–15th centuries. Some finds date to the 12th–13th centuries. Specifics of types of jewelry items, and those that have analogies among artifacts from the southern part of Eastern Europeof the Golden Horde period were identified. Churchmen’s houses were located in this place as evidenced by an abundance of religious cult items. Finds of imported goods, a diversity of household items dating to the 14th–16th centuries reflect a high status of the people who lived in this part of the Moscow Kremlin Podol at that time., Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), Выпуск 259 2020

Во время археологических работ с 2015 по 2018 г. в г. Енисейске, расположенном на границе между Восточной и Западной Сибирью, было обнаружено более 160 экземпляров керамических крышек и их фрагментов. Две трети из них принадлежали посуде, одна часть – печным вьюшкам. В связи с массовостью находок крышки, которые до этого не рассматривались как самостоятельный объект изучения, были исследованы нами как один из типов керамики. Приводится ряд статей с упоминанием крышек среди археологических находок. Одни из самых ранних экземпляров были обнаружены на территории Древней Греции и Китая. Вероятно, что распространение крышек в Северо-Западной и Центральной Европе было связано с заменой открытых очагов закрытыми. Тема эта требует дальнейшего изучения. Учитывая морфологическое сходство формы крышек с формой низких мисковидных сосудов, автором были внесены некоторые изменения в общепринятую для этих сосудов терминологию. Наружная выступающая донная часть названа «держателем». Нижний край, сформированный под углом к полю, – «бортиком». В качестве определяющего признака для выявления подтипов взята форма изделия, в ряде случаев зависящая от характера взаимосвязи с основным сосудом. В качестве дополнительных признаков в таблице фиксировался диаметр изделия и держателя, высота крышки по центру, углы наклона полей и бортиков, толщина стенок, а также состав теста и цвет изделия (табл. 1). В результате проведенной работы было выявлено три подтипа крышек, у самого архаичного из них отмечено три варианта формы держателя. В г. Енисейске в период ХVII–ХIХ вв. зафиксированы два способа применения крышек: это крышки вьюшек, используемые для перекрытия дымоходов печи, и посудные крышки. Полученная информация в своей основе позволит идентифицировать крышки среди прочей керамики, систематизировать их в соответствии с выявленными подтипами и в процессе дальнейшего изучения может быть дополнена., More than 160 ceramic lids and their fragments were discovered during archaeological excavations carried out in Yeniseysk located on the border between East Siberia and West Siberia in 2015–2018 (Fig. 1). Two thirds of the items are vessels lids, one third of the collection are identified as chimney dampers. As these lids turned out to be frequent finds which had not been regarded as a separate research object we focused on the lids as one of ceramic types. The paper provides references to publications where lids are mentioned among archaeological finds. Some of the earliest items were discovered in Ancient Greece and China. Most likely, the spread of lids in Northwestern and Central Europe was linked to replacement of open hearths with closed hearths. The subject requires further research., Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), Выпуск 260 2020

В статье рассматривается литейная форма с рисунками, обнаруженная в 1995 г. на территории «Ветчаного города» г. Владимира. Находка датируется серединой XII в. – 1238 г. Изделие предназначено для изготовления жуковин – металлической фурнитуры книжного переплета, украшающей и защищающей последний. На литейной форме нарисован лучник, стреляющий в многоглавое чудовище. Последнее, как установлено М. В. Седовой, изображено взрослым, а его победитель – ребенком. Облик чудовища восходит к Лернейской гидре. Шлем лучника опознается как относящийся к типу II по А. Н. Кирпичникову, вероятно, к разновидности IIБ., The paper reviews a casting mould with drawings discovered in the area of the ‘Vetchany’ city in Vladimirin 1995. The find dates to the middle of the 12th century – 1238. It was meant to be used in production of mountings, i.e. metal fittings of bookbinding that decorate and protect the book cover. The casting mould features an archer shooting at a many-headed dragon. M. V. Sedova found out that the monster had been depicted by an adult person while the dragon slayer had been depicted by a child. The image of the dragon goes back to the image of the Lernaean Hydra. The Vladimir drawing is the earliest one among the images of monsters of such iconography in the art of Byzantium and the countries influenced by it. The archer’s headgear is identified as a helmet of IIB type according to A. N. Kirpichnikov. The drawing in question is the first evidence of such protective gear in the lands of the Vladimir-Suzdal’ principality., Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), Выпуск 259 2020

Статья посвящена Лю Тяньхуа, выдающемуся основоположнику преобразования древних национальных струнных инструментов, активно содействовавшему модернизации китайской традиционной скрипки эрху. Его творческая деятельность была многогранна: он писал музыку для усовершенствованных им струнных инструментов, его новаторские идеи и педагогическая деятельность оказали большое влияние на развитие китайской национальной музыки. Произведения для эрху Лю Тяньхуа насыщены новизной и разнообразием исполнительских приемов, они отражают дух эпохи и жизнь народа того времени. Композиторское наследие Лю Тяньхуа стало эталоном дальнейшего совершенствования техники игры на эрху. Он заложил основы трех направлений развития искусства эрху: сольное исполнительство, участие инструмента в оркестре и ансамблях, виртуозные технологии игры на эрху. Преобразование эрху и нотного письма для него позволило использовать потенциал инструмента с западным струнным исполнительством, обогатившим выразительный ресурс инструмента. Благодаря подвижничеству Лю Тяньхуа искусство игры на эрху стало предметом в высших учебных заведениях и пополнило концертный репертуар филармоний и зарубежных гастрольных презентаций китайской музыкальной культуры., This paper introduces us to Liu Tianhua, who is a pioneer of the modernization and development of China’s traditional Erhu violin and music culture. His creative achievements are various: he created music for the reformed stringed instruments, including erhu, and his musical ideas and educational activities had a profound impact on the development of China’s national music. Liu Tianhua’s music works are innovative and diverse, refl ecting the spirit and life of the people at that time. The heritage of the composer Liu Tianhua has become the benchmark for further improvement in the performance technique of erhu. He laid the foundation for three development directions of Erhu Art: solo performance, instrumental participation in the orchestra, and superb skills in playing the erhu. Liu Tianhua opened up a new way for the scientifi c and standardized development of erhu. He was the fi rst to combine Western string music with traditional erhu music, thereby enriching the technique and expressiveness of erhu. Liu Tianhua was a leader in transforming the instrument itself and improving his score. All these have played a great role in the development of erhu performing art. Because of Liu Tianhua’s push forward, erhu performing art has become a subject of higher education, and enriched the live music of the Philharmonic Orchestra and overseas tour of China’s music culture., Университетский научный журнал, Выпуск 56 2020

Одной из важнейших задач в нашей стране является дальнейшее развитие экономики промышленного производства, включая повышение глубины передела отечественной промышленной продукции, предопределяющее необходимость автоматизации и компьютеризации машиностроительного производства, создание современных методик цифровой экономики в части оптимизации кривой предложения. Это обуславливает постановку задач совершенствования системы планирования и управления машиностроительного производства. Машиностроительным предприятиям необходима система планирования загрузки производственных мощностей, которая бы объективно отражала установившуюся экономическую ситуацию, чтобы принимать целесообразные управленческие решения. Главной задачей планирования является формирование графика производства, максимальная загрузка рабочих центров с учетом имеющихся ограничений и приоритетов заказов. В работе показано укрупненное, или межцеховое, планирование графика производства на длительный горизонт планирования и детальное, или пооперационное внутрицеховое, планирование с учетом графика производства, доступности рабочих центров и производственных заделов. Проведено сравнение уровней планирования. На этапе укрупненного планирования происходит планирование графика производства, представляющего собой календарное расписание выполнения маршрутных карт производства и позволяющего оценить исполнимость полученных заказов на производство к дате потребности, перепланировать построенный график при внесении изменений и отклонениях в производственных планах. На этом этапе при первичном размещении заказа в графике производства по каждой строке определяется возможность исполнения заказа к указанной дате потребности. В случае невозможности обеспечения производства конкретного изделия к дате потребности, рассчитывается дата его предполагаемого выпуска. На уровень детального планирования передается график производства — объем работ на интервал планирования, для исполнения которого в заданном интервале хватает доступности групп рабочих центров. В рамках данного интервала планируется конкретное время выполнения для каждой операции с определением конкретных рабочих центров, которые будут задействованы на выполнение операций. В результате проведенных математических расчетов получена рекомендованная последовательность планирования маршрутных карт производства. Представленная в работе математическая модель выбора приоритета планирования маршрутных карт производства позволяет рассчитать выполнимость заказов в срок, а также определить планируемый интервал времени, в который должна быть выполнена каждая маршрутная карта., One of the most important tasks in our country is the further development of the economy of industrial production, including increasing the depth of redistribution of domestic industrial products. It predetermines the need for automation and computerization of machine-building production, introduction of modern methods of the digital economy in terms of optimizing the supply curve. This leads to setting the tasks of improving the planning and management system of engineering production. Machine-building enterprises need a capacity planning system that would objectively reflect the established economic situation for efficient management decision-making. The main planning objective is to form a production schedule, maximum load of work centers taking into account the existing restrictions and priorities of orders. The paper shows enlarged, or inter-workshop, planning of a production schedule for a long planning horizon and detailed, or operational intra-workshop, planning We take the production schedule, the availability of work centers and production facilities into account. The planning levels are compared. At the stage of enlarged planning, a production schedule consists in a calendar schedule for the execution of production routing maps. It allows to evaluate the feasibility of received orders for production by the date of need, to reschedule the constructed schedule when changes and deviations take place in the production plans. At this stage, during the initial placement of the order in the production schedule for each line, the possibility of fulfilling the order by the specified requirement date is determined. If it is impossible to ensure the production of a particular product by the date of need, the date of its intended release is calculated. The production schedule is transferred to the level of detailed planning ‒ the volume of work per planning interval, for the execution of which the availability of groups of work centers is enough for a given interval. Within this interval, a specific execution time is planned for each operation with the definition of specific work centers that will be involved in the execution of operations. As a result of mathematical calculations, we obtained a recommended sequence of planning production route maps. The mathematical model of choosing the planning priority for production mapping presented in the work allows us to calculate the feasibility of orders on time, and also to determine the planned time interval in which each routing map should be completed.

Вхождение Российской Федерации в Евразийский экономический союз обусловило ужесточение требований, предъявляемых к показателям безопасности алкогольной продукции, в том числе к упаковочным средствам. Алкогольные напитки хранятся и даже выдерживаются в упаковке, поэтому укупорочный материал – корковая пробка может существенно влиять на качество напитка. В связи с этим к корковым пробкам предъявляются требования безопасности в форме контроля содержания формальдегида. Существующие способы его идентификации достаточно трудоемки и весьма затратны, а также предусматривают использование дорогостоящего оборудования. Предлагаемый метод определения содержания формальдегида, выделяющегося из корковых пробок в модельные среды, разработан на основе мицеллярной электрокинетической капиллярной хроматографии с использованием процесса дериватизации контролируемого соединения раствором 2,4-динитрофенилгидразин (2,4-ДНФГ) в ацетонитриле, содержащем 5% уксусной кислоты. Для исследования использовали систему Капель 105, снабженную УФ-детектором с переменной длиной волны, кварцевые капилляры диаметром 75 мкм и общей длиной 60 см (50,5 см до детектора). Рабочие растворы формальдегида готовили ежедневно путем соответствующего разбавления образцов исходного раствора водой. Калибровочные графики были рассчитаны для шести концентраций – 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 и 100 мг/л стандартов в двух повторностях. В образцы – модельные среды, полученные при исследовании образцов корковых пробок, добавляли определенное количество стандартного раствора формальдегида и проводили процедуру дериватизации. УФ-детектирование производных 2,4-ДНФГ проводили при длине волны 360 нм. Результаты апробации метода представлены на электрофореграммах. Получена линейная зависимость между площадью пика и концентрацией формальдегида (R2 = 0,99). Разработанный метод определения содержания формальдегида малозатратен, отличается простой и высокой точностью и может быть рекомендован в качестве инструмента контроля безопасности корковых пробок в соответствии со стандартами Евразийского экономического союза., The entry of the Russian Federation into the Eurasian economic Union has led to stricter requirements for the safety indicators of alcoholic beverages, including packaging products. Alcoholic beverages are stored and even aged in the packaging, so the corking material – cork plugs can significantly affect the quality of the drink. In this regard, cork plugs are subject to safety requirements in the form of formaldehyde control. Existing methods for identifying it are quite time-consuming and very expensive, and also involve the use of expensive equipment. The proposed method for determining the content of formaldehyde released from cortical plugs into model media was developed on the basis of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using the process of derivatization of a controlled compound with a solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in acetonitrile containing 5% acetic acid. System Kapel 105 equipped with a UV-detector with a variable wavelength, quartz capillaries with a diameter of 75 microns and a total length of 60 cm (50,5 cm to the detector) were used for the study. Working solutions of formaldehyde were prepared daily by appropriately diluting the samples of the initial solution with water. Calibration graphs were calculated for six concentrations – 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 100 mg/l standards in two repetitions. A certain amount of standard formaldehyde solution was added to the sample – model media obtained during the study of cork plugs samples and a derivatization procedure was performed. UV detection of 2,4-DNPH derivatives was performed at a wavelength of 360 nm. The results of testing the method are presented on electrophoregrams. A linear relationship was obtained between the peak area and the formaldehyde concentration (R2 = 0,99). The developed method for determining the formaldehyde content is low-cost, simple and highly accurate, and can be recommended as a tool for monitoring the safety of cork plugs in accordance with the standards of the Eurasian economic Union., Известия вузов. Пищевая технология, Выпуск 5-6 (377) 2020

В статье публикуются материалы эпохи бронзы и раннего железного века из курганных могильников Успенский I и Успенский II (Новоалександровский район Ставропольского края). Из них два относятся к раннекатакомбному времени (втор. четв. III тыс. до н. э.), пять – к позднекатакомбному (третья четв. III тыс. до н. э.), одно – к сарматской культуре (II–I вв. до н. э.), достоверная датировка еще двух погребений невозможна. Из погребений эпохи средней бронзы наибольший интерес представляет серия позднекатакомбных комплексов, соединяющая в себе элементы восточноманычской, батуринской и суворовской традиций, что связано с местоположением изученных могильников в контактной зоне трех указанных культурных феноменов. Сарматское погребение, являясь довольно типичным для своего культурного круга, выделяется наличием редкой разновидности культового сосуда – курильницы., The paper publishes materials of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age from two burial grounds, namely, Uspenskiy I and Uspenskiy II (Novoaleksandrovsk district of the Stavropol region). Two assemblages are dated to the Early Catacomb period (the second quarter of 3rd mill. BC) whereas five assemblages are dated to the Late Catacomb period (third quarter of 3rd mill. BC), one assemblage is attributed to the Sarmatian culture (2nd – 1st century BC). Reliable dating of two more burials is not possible. A series of Late Catacomb assemblages that combine elements of the Eastern Manych, Baturin and Suvorovskaya traditions explained by the location of the excavated cemeteries in the contact zone between these three cultures is of the greatest interest. While being rather typical for its cultural circle, the Sarmatian grave is notable for presence of a rare type of a ritual vessel – incense-burner., Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), Выпуск 258 2020

В статье вводится в научный оборот новый комплекс кобанской культуры – клад с горы Стрижамент (Ставропольский край). В бронзовом сосуде были обнаружены бронзовые очковидная подвеска, ажурная колоколовидная подвеска, подвеска в виде миниатюрного сосуда. Клад, безусловно, имел культовый характер. Комплекс может быть датирован в рамках X – перв. пол. VIII в. до н. э. Это один из древнейших (если не самый ранний) кобанских памятников на территории Став­ропольской возвышенности, маркер перемещения раннекобанских племен на север., The paper introduces a new assemblage of the Koban culture, which is a hoard found on Mount Strizhament(Stavropolregion). Bronze items, including a bispiral pendant, an openwork bell-shaped pendant, a pendant shaped as a miniature vessel – were placed in a bronze vessel. Without any doubt, the hoard was amassed for cult purposes. The assemblage can be dated to the 10th – first half of the 8th centuries BC. It is one of the earliest (if not the earliest) Koban assemblages in the Stavropol Upland and should be regarded as a marker of movements of the Early Koban population groups to the north., Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), Выпуск 259 2020

Рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ находит всё более широкое применение в различных областях знания и отраслях промышленности. Одной из особенностей развития метода на современном этапе является существенное превышение производства рентгеновских спектрометров по сравнению с подготовкой специалистов, владеющих знаниями для грамотного использования аппаратуры. Вследствие этого важное значение имеют руководства и справочники, помогающие корректно выбирать оптимальные условия измерения интенсивностей аналитических линий определяемых элементов и способы перевода экспериментальных интенсивностей в концентрации. В работе представлена информация о книге J. Willis, C. Feather и K. Turner “Guidelines for XRF Analysis. Setting up programmes for WDXRF and EDXRF”. Материал представлен на 518 страницах, иллюстрирован 250 рисунками и содержит 131 таблицу. В рецензии изложенный материал обсуждается по главам. В первых 7 главах книги изложена информация по теоретическим и техническим основам РФА. В самой объёмной шестой главе “Условия измерения и аналитические программы” последовательно излагается информация по аспектам выбора инструментальных параметров, аналитических линий, угловых позиций для оценки интенсивности фона и вклада спектральных наложений. Во второй секции рассмотрены рекомендации по выбору аналитических параметров для исследования содержаний отдельных элементов от F до U обычно определяемым с применением РФА на уровне следов (главы 8-15). В третьей секции авторы аналогично рассмотрели рекомендации по выбору аналитических параметров для исследования содержаний отдельных элементов для конкретных типичных материалов (главы 17-31). Авторы подготовили справочное руководство хорошего качества, полезное как для начинающих, так и для квалифицированных специалистов. X-ray fluorescence analysis finds wide application in various fields of knowledge and industries. One of the features of the development of the method at the present stage is a significant excess of the production of X-ray spectrometers in comparison with the training of specialists who have the knowledge for the competent use of equipment. As a result, manuals and reference books are of great importance, which help to correctly choose the optimal conditions for measuring the intensities of the analytical lines of the elements to be determined and methods of converting the experimental intensities into concentrations. The paper provides information about the book by M.J. Willis, C. Feather and K. Turner “Guidelines for XRF Analysis. Setting up programs for WDXRF and EDXRF”. The material is presented on 518 pages, illustrated with 250 figures and contains 131 tables. The review discusses the material presented in chapters. The first 7 chapters of the book provide information on the theoretical and technical foundations of XRF. In the most voluminous sixth chapter “Setting up an Analytical Programme”, information on the aspects of the choice of instrumental parameters, analytical lines, angular positions for evaluating the background intensity and the contribution of spectral overlaps is consistently presented. The second section discusses recommendations for the selection of analytical parameters for investigating the concentrations of individual elements from F to U, usually determined using XRF at the trace level (Chapters 8-15). In the third section, the authors similarly considered recommendations for the selection of analytical parameters for investigating the concentrations of individual elements for specific typical materials (chapters 17-31). The authors have prepared a good quality reference guide useful for both beginners and skilled professionals.

Статья посвящена теме инструментального и вокального ансамблевого исполнительства в джазе и эстрадной музыке, характеризующегося рядом специфических черт, к которым можно отнести особенности коммуникативноимпровизационного взаимодействия между участниками, выбор музыкального материала и стилистической вариантности его интерпретации (аранжировки, инструментовки), нацеленность на уникальность звучания ансамбля, внимание к колористическим возможностям и поиск сочетаний различных тембров, достигаемый как использованием различного инструментария, так и своеобразием его трактовки., The paper is devoted to the subject of instrumental and vocal ensemble performance in jazz and pop music. It is characterized by a number of specifi c categories which include features of the communicative and improvisational interaction between participants, the choice of musical material and stylistic variation of its interpretation (arrangement, instrumentation), focus on uniqueness of the ensembles sound, attention to coloristic possibilities, and search for combinations of different timbres, achieved both by using different instruments and the originality of its interpretation., Университетский научный журнал, Выпуск 52 2020

В работе представлены возможные пути образования строительных отходов и способы их рационального использования. Приведенный анализ литературных данных подтвердил, что в настоящее время строительные отходы во всем мире всесторонне изучаются и разрабатываются новые эффективные технологии на их основе. Неоднократное их использование способствует созданию безотходных или малоотходных технологий в городской строительной системе, что, в свою очередь, содействует решению социальной, экономической и экологической проблем., The paper presents the ways of waste generation and ways of their rational use. The above analysis of the literature data confirmed that at present, new effective technologies based on them are being comprehensively studied and developed. Their repeated use contributes to the creation of waste-free or low-waste technologies in the urban construction system, which, in turn, is the used system for solving social, economic and environmental problems., Вестник ГГНТУ. Технические науки, Выпуск 4 (22) 2020, Pages 57-63