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Integrated circuits, systems on a chip are the key links in various industrial systems and state defense systems. The emergence of counterfeit integrated circuits, problems of piracy, overproduction, unauthorized interference in the design of microcircuit, hardware Trojans require the development of methods and means of their timely detection. Trojans can be introduced into the integrated circuits structure both on the development stage and during the production process, including the stages of specification, design, verification and manufacturing. The inclusion of additional elements in the integrated circuits structure jeopardizes the functional suitability and reliability of the system as a whole. For the purpose of hardware protection of projects, the methods of hardware coding are currently used.The paper discusses the features and reliability of logical coding of combinational circuits. An algorithm for cracking the code of combinational circuits is proposed, based on the description of encoded structure by the resolution function and reducing the problem to SAT CNF. The initial data for decoding the structure of a digital device is the structural implementation of encoded circuit, obtained, for example, by reverse engineering (prototype design), as well as an activated physical sample of an integrated circuit, when into protected from unauthorized access memory the correct key value is loaded. This sample can be used as a black box model. The main idea of breaking a key is to solve a problem without research on a large interval of values of input and output variables.

The paper concerns the problem of improving energy efficiency and the quality of air temperature automatic control in industrial greenhouses. The article proposes a method based on the principle of disturbance compensation using weather forecast data. The plant dynamic model structure is described by the linear 1st order aperiodic link with delay both for the control circuit and for the disturbance circuit. To solve the problem of time delays in the plant mathematical model it is suggested along with the use of outside temperature sensor signal to take into account the weather forecast data for the outdoor temperature changes over the specific forthcoming interval of time. It allows the controller to generate appropriate compensation control signal in advance. The block diagram of the automatic control system of the greenhouse temperature is given. Theoretical mathematical expressions for the regulation algorithm and analysis of regulation quality are obtained and the results of numerical modeling of the temperature control process are presented. The proposed automatic control method can be used to regulate the air temperature in buildings with high requirements for microclimate parameters.

In the process of performing a complex of works on refueling of civil aviation aircraft, one of the key issues is to ensure flight safety by controlling the quality of aviation fuel directly during refueling operations. Currently, to ensure the purity of the refueled jet fuel, water separators with filter elements of a normalized degree of purification are installed on the aircraft refueling facilities, the operation of which in the working area provides normalized indicators of cleaning jet fuel from water and mechanical impurities. As practice shows, in the process of refueling aircraft, for various objective and subjective reasons, sometimes there are stochastic situations in which quality indicators go beyond the limits established by regulatory documentation and are not deterministic, and the subsequent state of such a system is described by values that characterize an extremely low level of jet fuel purification with negative consequences for flight safety. This paper presents a mathematical description of the functioning of water separator filters in the working area, where standardized indicators of the quality of aviation fuel are provided during the refueling of aircraft. The article deals with the issue of blocking the refueling of aircraft in the event of the appearance of non-normalized technical documentation indicators of the quality of aviation fuel, which arise due to a number of different factors that lead to negative cause-and-effect relationships for flight safety. Based on the mathematical description, an approach to creating a system for protecting and blocking the refueling process under the working name "Barrier" is proposed. Of the greatest interest for the study are typical water separator filters installed on refueling vehicles as terminal technical devices for fuel purification during refueling of aircraft.

One of the main directions in the development of optical communication systems is associated with the use of optical fiber (ОF) for data reception and transmission. Therefore, manufacturers began to pay special attention to the creation of new brands of OF, improving their optical and operational characteristics. This makes it possible to improve existing optical fiber components that use OF as an active medium. The most widely used are two-wavelength 1 × 2 WDM multiplexers/demultiplexers designed to separate and combine optical carriers with wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm, corresponding to the second and third transparency windows of quartz OF. It should be noted that multiplexers and demultiplexers are the same optical devices, which are spectrally selective splitters. Such devices are distinguished by a sufficiently high level of optical characteristics at a relatively low cost of products. However, an analysis of the multiplexers produced in recent years shows that the characteristics of these devices do not sufficiently correspond to the set of modern requirements imposed by most system developers, in particular on permissible values of external influencing factors, insertion loss and the value of optical isolation of channels. Therefore, the development and research of WDM multiplexers with improved optical characteristics is relevant. One of the possible ways of optimizing such devices using new types of OF with resistance to bending losses, of which WDM multiplexers could be made. In this paper, we consider the possibilities of realizing fused single-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers based on combined fiber structures. The technology and equipment for the manufacture of these devices are presented. The optical characteristics of experimental samples of WDM multiplexers are investigated. The results of testing for the effect of temperature are given.

The article is devoted to the epistolary heritage of the legendary philologist of the XX century — Professor Boris Viktorovich Tomashevsky (1890—1957) and his relations with the leading scientists in the context of historical, literary, linguistic and ideological polemics mainly of the 1930s and 1950s. The paper emphasizes the contribution of the scientist to the development of world science in the era of cultural upheavals. Special attention is paid to the publications of unknown epistles to B.V. Tomashevsky by domestic and foreign philologists: I.L. Andronikov, G.O. Vinokur, D.S. Likhachev, A. A. Reformatsky, B. Unbegaun, M. Vasmer, R. O. Jakobson. The published letters describe the situation in science of that period: they show the difficulties in working on the publication of Pushkin’s “Complete Works”, reveal the polemics around controversial issues of the theory and practice of the text, express the attitude of cor-respondents to the facts of ideological pressing on science, describe the difficulties of wartime, etc. B. V. Tomashevsky’s epistolary is also considered in the context of the role of Soviet linguistic personality in creating scientific tradition. The relevance of the study is due to the use of archival mate-rials in the paradigm of the humanities to clarify poorly studied facts of the 1930s and 1950s.

Gigabit passive optical networks (GPON) are the most advanced technology. The data transfer rate is 2.5 Gbps for downstream and 1.25 Gbps for upstreams. But this network architecture has a limited physical network length of 20 km. This is due to the high budgetary losses of the network. This restriction of access makes the network difficult to access for subscribers located far from the facilities of the telecom operator, and coverage of remote settlements is quite costly (cost of design work, fiber, laying of fiber-optic cable), thereby complicating the elimination of the digital divide between the city, the suburbs and the countryside. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOA), which will expand the GPON reach up to 60 km, which is the limit for the logical length under the current protocols. Quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers are promising devices for optical communication technology, but for commercial use they have one disadvantage. They are polarization sensitive. In this paper the authors constructed a polarization diversity scheme to avoid polarization sensitivity of QD-SOAs.

Sintered friction materials are widely used in friction units of automotive vehicles and special purpose vehicles. The main purpose is to transmit torque to the actuator. The development of the technology market requires the development and use of new units. At the same time, the creation of new materials is required, which also applies to sintered friction materials. This group of materials is characterized by a high service life, efficiency of torque transmission, as well as the ability to restore performance in case of violation of operating modes. One of the most significant parameters characterizing a sintered friction material is wear resistance. In most cases, it determines not only the resource of the unit itself, but the entire machine as a whole. A special place is occupied by brake units, which also use friction materials. The increased wear resistance of the friction material contributes to a decrease in the efficiency and service life of the brake system. Evaluation of the wear resistance of a friction material for the given operational parameters is a very long and costly process. The development of methodology and methods for accelerating the assessment of wear resistance is an important scientific and practical task. The paper presents the results of using artificial neural networks to predict the service life of a composite friction material based on copper on the sliding speed, pressure on the material and the amount of lubricant supplied to the friction zone. An artificial neural network has been trained using an array of experimental data for the FM-15 friction material. The training results have shown high accuracy, correctness of the proposed and implemented network architecture. The developed software has demonstrated its efficiency and the possibility of using it in calculations to determine the wear of a composite friction material.

The article studies examples of the use of innovative technologies in the field of “Smart City”, which is a key factor contributing to the implementation of the concept of “Smart City”. The paper presents various approaches to the implementation of information technologies, analyses case studies on the management of smart cities of the world, which justify the change in the approach from isolated vertical management to integrated holistic management. The study also analyses various examples of the use of innovative technologies and approaches in the context of “Smart City”, identifies the trends in their development. At the end, the authors carried out the analysis of the domestic experience of applying the concept of “Smart City” and the results achieved.

The analysis of scientific papers devoted to the mathematical description of electric generators of reciprocating motion with permanent magnets demonstrated that the proposed mathematical models of this type of generators are based on the theory of magnetic circuits. Such mathematical models are based on a simplified representation of the magnetic system and the magnetic field in the form of a magnetic circuit with corresponding magnetic conductivities. However, unlike traditional rotary type electric machines, electric generators of reciprocating motion have a number of features, the omission of which in mathematical modeling causes the increase of the cost of their creation (due to the duration of the design and experimental refinement of the generators). Therefore, at the initial stages of electromagnetic calculation and solving optimization problems, it is necessary to use adequate mathematical models to improve the accuracy of calculations of the parameters of these generators. For this purpose, a mathematical model based on field theory can be used; however, its main drawback is the complexity of its application for solving optimization problems. In this regard, to improve the accuracy of calculations of the parameters of electric generators of reciprocating motion with permanent magnets, it is proposed to use refining coefficients (coefficients of scattering and buckling of the magnetic flux) in mathematical models based on the theory of magnetic circuits. The authors have developed refined electromagnetic models of electric generators of reciprocating motion with permanent magnets, which make it possible to obtain the main parameters of generators at the initial stages of electromagnetic calculation and when solving optimization problems with acceptable accuracy. A distinctive feature of the refined electromagnetic models of generators is the consideration of the scattering and buckling coefficients of the magnetic flux in the magnetic system that change during the simulation.

In the XXI century, “trust” becomes a category that manifests itself in a variety of ways and affects many areas of human activity, including the economy and business. With the development of information and communication technologies and end-to-end technologies, this influence is becoming more and more noticeable. A special place in digital technologies is occupied by human trust when interacting with artificial intelligence and machine learning systems. In this case, trust becomes a potential stumbling block in the field of further development of interaction between artificial intelligence and humans. Trust plays a key role in ensuring recognition in society, continuous progress and development of artificial intelligence.The article considers human trust in artificial intelligence and machine learning systems from different sides. The main objectives of the research paper are to structure existing research on this subject and identify the most important ways to create trust among potential consumers of artificial intelligence products. The article investigates the attitude to artificial intelligence in different countries, as well as the need for trust among users of artificial intelligence systems and analyses the impact of distrust on business. The authors identified the factors that are crucial in the formation of the initial level of trust and the development of continuous trust in artificial intelligence.

The problem of analytical synthesis of the control acceleration for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during its flight along a complex trajectory, consisting of sequentially located horizontal flight sections, located at different heights relative to the earth's surface has been solved in the paper. The problem has been solved as an analytical definition of the optimal control of a linear non-stationary system for a specified minimized quality functional. The mathematical model of the system is presented in the form of differential equations of UAV motion in the vertical plane of a fixed coordinate system related to the earth's surface. A feature of the proposed methodology for solving the problem is the substantiation of the original form of the minimized functional and parameters included in the law of variation of the control acceleration obtained by known methods. As the components of the quality functional, the values of coordinates and velocity of the UAV are considered and they are specified at the corresponding points in space through which the UAV path must pass, in order to obtain the optimal curvature of the trajectory. The derived mathematical dependences make it possible to implement them on board of an aircraft and, ultimately, solve the problem of ensuring the minimum energy consumption when controlling an object (UAV). Computer simulation of the analytically obtained results in the form of the UAV flight trajectory and the processes of changing its acceleration and speed have shown the efficiency of the proposed technique and the prospects of its use at the initial stage of the synthesis of the UAV control system.

The article substantiates the effectiveness of network training and e-learning technologies in the professional training and advanced training of engineering personnel at a technical university. The paper analyses e-learning technologies in the context of competence-based and activity-based approaches to the organization of the educational process. The study considers Universities as the core elements of the regional educational space, integrating and developing the potential of network interaction of its subjects. The authors propose the definition of the concept of “network educational space”. The article describes the experience of network training of personnel in the production sectors of the Ulyanovsk region in 2014-2020. Based on the analysis of the teaching practice of the Ulyanovsk State Technical University, the study proposes a model of the electronic information and educational environment of an educational organization. The authors formulate recommendations for the development of a network educational space in the region that meets the needs of the labor market.

Objective. In recent decades, criteria for identifying potential areas have evolved hand in hand with technological tools such as geographic information systems (GIS). However, the criteria for the preservation of protected areas are often not taken into account, thus causing damage to environmental biodiversity that can become irreparable. This paper presents the way of optimizing the process of locating key terrain points by developing a hybrid algorithm for geospatial analysis in QGIS. The goal is to speed up computational time, which is a critical variable for the entire key point detection process, and to suggest potential areas that do not pose a threat to biodiversity. Methods. The strategy used is based on two fundamental assumptions: identifying the tops of spatial objects (rivers) and analyzing the distances between spatial objects (rivers and adjacent territories). The tops extraction allows obtaining potential points, while the distance analysis allows selecting among them those points that are in the range acceptable for locating a dam, provided that the least possible damage to the biodiversity of the adjacent territory is caused. The algorithm was validated using the example of the hydrological network of Manicaragua, Cuba. Results. The results were compared in terms of the calculation time used, the number of valid tops extracted, and the percentage reduction in the total number of areas. This comparison was made using one, two and three vector layers (.shp) with spatial objects representing strategic protected areas. Conclusion. The results obtained show that the more representative the space data (.shp) used, the more effective the results obtained using the algorithm are in relation to environmental protection tasks. A reduction of up to 13% from originally detected key points has been achieved.

The article develops a methodological basis for choosing the optimal model for managing the agglomeration of settlements. The existing agglomeration problems and the need to accelerate growth due to the agglomeration effect form a challenge to the agglomeration governance system. For an adequate response it is important to understand the capabilities of governance models. These capabilities can be expressed through the description of the features of the models.For a large-scale description of the features of models, it is necessary to form groups of features, characterize each feature, compare the models according to the degree of its manifestation, and, if possible, explain the reason for the differences. The article investigates research papers within the framework of the theory of municipal reformers, the theory of public choice, in particular on the issues of centralization / decentralization of municipalities, intermunicipal cooperation, the efficiency of the economy of the public sector. The authors used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, grouping, comparison.The revealed features make it possible to assess the governance model in terms of what the agglomeration will receive from its implementation. All features are combined into five groups: economic, social, administrative efficiency, democratization, stability. The study revealed 29 features, presented their explanation and degree of development, depending on the type of governance model.As a result of the study, the possibilities for justifying the feasibility of introducing models have increased. The authors represented scientific novelty by a more complete list of the features of models, a more detailed presentation of them, the approach of presenting information “from features”, a convenient grouping that allows you to use the characteristic to assess the effectiveness of the activities of government authorities. The study can be useful for civil servants in charge of agglomeration processes.

The paper considers a digital image processing method that provides efficient transmission, redistribution and storage of aerospace environmental monitoring videographic information. The requirement to increase the monitoring efficiency, if necessary, to carry out regular monitoring of changes in the image field of the observed object is especially relevant when describing spatially aligned sets of images obtained after multi-zone, multi-time and multi-polarization shooting. In many remote sensing applications, the processing efficiency reflects the degree of reduction in the volume of transmitted, described, analyzed and stored videographic information. The computational processing of digital images based on the coordinate survey scheme is presented. The method can be used to perform the procedure for decoding images in order to solve the problem of classifying objects of interest, analyzing images. Such characteristics of binary objects as a spatial boundary and a contour were used as deciphering signs. These features make it possible to describe the shape of an object, its geometric parameters and search for images with specific spatial structures. The processing method is realized by executing efficient algorithms for coding an image on a discrete grid by means of a chain code and spectral coding based on the fast discrete Hartley transform. The result of processing comes down to minimizing the number of such basic computational operations as multiplication, addition, transferring, as well as reducing the time and capacitive complexity of the program, and reducing the redundancy of the initial data. An example of an effective representation and description of a segmented image of an object is given. The proposed method makes it possible to expand the technical capabilities of more efficient transmission and processing of images for solving problems in the field of remote sensing.

The purpose of the research is to develop and improve human resources of an organization by using a competence model in the field of lean production. The following methods are used: methods of generalization, comparative analysis, induction, decomposition, formalization, and modeling. The results: the paper defines the essence and necessity of a competency-based approach in mastering the philosophy, principles and tools of lean production. Nowadays, lean manufacturing is a harmonious frame of reference that can be represented in the form of four levels: philosophy, values, principles, tools. The widespread introduction of lean manufacturing allows you to improve processes, concentrate efforts on creating value for a consumer, and reduce the waste of time and resources of all kinds. Also, the article presents a matrix of lean competencies, which allows you to assess the most important competencies for specific positions and allows employees to compare their own ideas about themselves, their potential with the ideas of a manager and, in accordance with this, to orient their way of action in the field of lean production, advanced training. The conclusion: the development and improvement of human resources, including pedagogical, scientific and scientific and pedagogical workers, engineering and technical workers are directly dependent on the management system. The person who owns deeply the knowledge of lean production and the skills of their application in various fields: production, management, healthcare, education, social sphere plays the major role. Therefore, the competency model presented in the research in the field of lean technolo- gies will be focused on achieving strategic goals, improving organization processes, reducing losses, and therefore add value to the organization. Assessment of employees using the competency matrix will allow the head of an organization to analyze the approaches and tools used by him in the field of lean manufacturing and offer training in innovative educational programs and technologies that ensure high quality of development of lean competencies.

The publication considers topical issues of formulation, positioning and development of management theory in the system of socio-economic sciences and disciplines. The paper identifies signs, analyses the reasons, substantiates and proposes approaches, develops options for solving the systemic crisis of management science, its renewal and development in modern socio-economic conditions. The research presented in this publication determines and substantiates the key areas for improving the theory as a fundamental basis for the development of a complex of management disciplines. The authors propose and disclose the step-by-step content of the roadmap for the progressive expansion and deepening of research of modern concepts of management theory, their approbation, adaptation and use in scientific and educational spheres.

Practical modeling uses not only theoretical approaches, but also management issues, therefore, it is not entirely correct to compare theoretical and mathematical models. The concept of demand exists as an independent unit, has an independent meaning, and the demand model is represented in the form of an increasing curve and, like any model, contains various explicit and implicit conditions. The paper provides an analysis of existing classification approaches on the adaptation of economic and mathematical models in the issue of finding the most appropriate criteria for optimality from the point of view of using the mathematical apparatus. A detailed representation of the top-level structure is given, reflecting the basic requirements for the information necessary for drawing up a model passport, and conditions are also given that limit the area of existence of an operator that determines the corresponding payment matrix of an arbitrary game. The possibility of establishing the number of restrictions on the used variants of the game, which does not change the content of the game, is analyzed, which will allow choosing the most optimal strategies for each case. The proposed and justified, from the point of view of mathematical formalization, approach to making the most optimal decision on managing the behavior of a commercial organization based on preliminary monitoring of economic functioning is of interest from the point of view of the following aspects: the possibility of identifying the key elements that determine the system in choosing a format that characterizes the state of the elements of interest; development of a virtual model that reproduces the behavioral features of the modeled system.

The paper presents an analytical review of the application of biometric recognition systems in relation to facial image identification technologies. The classification of biometric systems is presented. The trends of technological progress in the field of biometrics and facial recognition capabilities are considered. It is determined that in 2020 there is a trend of transition from the use of biometric recognition technologies in traditional state security systems to the sphere of commercial and user applications. The process of «linking» encryption keys and passwords with the biometric parameters of the data subject is described. It is proposed that a biometric feature and a biometrics parameter mean a certain value that has a physical meaning that characterizes the subject itself. The possibility of using circular neighborhood and bilinear interpolation of pixel intensity values in biometrics is also presented. This will make it possible to build a local binary template. In order to solve the problem of identification of persons, it is advisable to investigate the essence of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons, their types, identifying the shortcomings of each of them, on the basis of which to present the directions of elimination and search for the most reliable technologies. The essence of the use of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons is, for example, that the user can provide the bank or other counterparty with evidence that it is he who wants to use the services on his accounts. At the same time, the demand has increased for contactless biometric solutions. These technologies are implemented in order to conduct additional biometric verification of users. This allows to minimize possible fraud or violation of the internal rules of the service, for example, the transfer of accounts of some registered users to others.

Testing of electronic devices is an integral part of the technological process of any manufacturer of such equipment. In this case, an electronic device is understood as an energy-intensive unit such as a mobile phone, data center or spacecraft. One of the key stages of testing is to identify the effect of electric fields on various electronic components of the device. This stage often requires making a mock-up of some part of an unfinished device in order to fix interference with special equipment. This requires time, financial and human resource costs. In order to reduce these costs in the modern world, the use of mathematical modeling tools for testing noise immunity and electromagnetic compatibility is becoming popular. In this paper, it is proposed to use an algorithm for visualizing electric fields in three-dimensional space and time. The algorithm is easily embedded into applications as a component of a mathematical modeling system. The work considered three ways of visualizing the electric field strength: starting from a simple setting of points in space, on the basis of which the electric field will be built, around the source of electric field radiation, to the use of algorithms that make it possible to arrange points equidistantly based on a given number of points in space for the formation of an electric field. The performance and visual implications of these methods were analyzed. The proposed methodology will be useful to the developer community as an embedded solution for point visualization of the electric field in any project in any algorithmic language with the ability to animate in time.

Requirements figure prominently in information system development. Both development phase of the system and phase of its verification depends on how qualitative requirements are. That is why it"s required to describe requirements as accurately and correctly as it possible. One of the properties that define quality of requirements collecting is completeness. The paper shows that if one obtains sources and symptoms of the requirements incompleteness (completeness absence), classifies, generalizes and clarifies them then one can check requirements for these symptoms while collecting requirements or after that. This will sufficiently decrease the incompleteness of the requirements and thus improve their quality. The paper contains some symptoms of incompleteness have already been revealed and explains the reason of their appearance. These symptoms have been revealed by analyzing the documentation of some important industrial projects.

In this article, the author gives an example of using the apparatus of fuzzy logic in assessing the effectiveness of digitalization of an enterprise, specifies indicators that can be used as criteria for building a system for assessing the effectiveness of digitalization, as well as provides an overview of existing developments. Within the framework of the article, the study outlines the directions of modification of classical estimation methods that are possible using the apparatus of fuzzy logic. The paper substantiates the choice of a universal fuzzy logic tool as a mathematical apparatus for forming an assessment: a system of fuzzy logical conclusions – standard five-level [0; 1]-classifiers. The possibility of fuzzy classification of properties, as well as qualimetry based on the aggregation of hierarchies of factors, will make it possible to assess the level of efficiency of enterprise digitalization by the degree of success.

Introduction. The relevance of the presented paper is due to the widespread use of plunger pumps in industrial practice, in particular, in gas and oil production. The quality of working operations and the efficiency of further well operation depend largely on their reliability. The improvement of plunger pumps involves increasing their reliability, increasing their service life, efficiency, downsizing, reduction in weight, labor intensity of installation and repair work. The modernization of the mechanism includes its power study since the found forces are used for subsequent strength calculations. Before the appearance of programs for the numerical analysis of solid objects, the analytical solution to the problem of strength calculation of the high-pressure pump drive frame was a very time-consuming and expensive procedure. The situation has changed with the development of computer technologies and the inclusion of the finite element method in the computer-aided design systems. The objective of this work is to perform a strength calculationon the TWS 600 plunger pump body made of 09G2S steel. Materials and Methods. A method for determining the reactions of the crank shaft supports of a high-pressure plunger pump and strength calculation of the drive part housing is developed. The direction and magnitude of the resulting forces and reactions of the supports are determined graphically according to the superposition principle of the force action on the supports. Strength calculations were performed using the finite element method in the computer-aided design system Solid Works Simulation. In this case, solid and finite-element models of the body with imposed boundary conditions were used, which were identified during the analysis of the design and the calculation of the forces arising under the pump operation. Results. The reactions in the crankshaft supports are described with account for the forces generated by the plunger depending on its operating mode and the crank position. The forces acting on each of the plungers and the resulting reactions in each of the supports are determined. The diagrams of stresses and the safety factor are presented, which provide assessing the strength of the body and developing recommendations for creating a more rational design. Discussion and Conclusions. As a result of the calculations, we have identified areas of the structure with minimum safety factors, and areas that are several times higher than the recommended values. This provides optimizing the designunder study through strengthening the first and reducing the thickness of the metal on the second. From the point of view of weight and size characteristics and maintainability, the results of the strength calculation performed can be used to optimize the design of the pump body under typical operating conditions.

The key objective of this study is to analyse the concept of harmonization of the functions of public administration institutions and to identify the principles and characteristics of harmonious management applicable in the management structures of the public sector, as well as the prospects for improving the efficiency of its activities. The research is applied in nature. Within the study, the author carries out the analysis of various management models, as well as a comparative analysis of their interaction in the format of the concept of harmonious management. In addition, the article presents the results of the analysis of the vectors of application of the concept of harmonious management, which can be adapted to the organizations of the public sector; raises the issue of the content of the harmonization process and its stages. The article formulates the target guidelines for the application of the management harmonization concept in the public sector, proposals and conclusions on various variations and features of approaches to management harmonization. This paper is based on the analysis of foreign scientific literature, regulatory and analytical documents, as well as their synthesis, systematization, comparative analysis, and the study of specific cases. The author conducts an empirical study using the method of quantitative standardization of expert opinions. In addition, the article uses the visualization method.

This paper is devoted to construction of reference walking trajectories for developing pedestrian navigation algorithms for smartphones. Such trajectories can be used both for verification of classical algorithms of navigation or for application of machine learning technics. Reconstruction of closed trajectories based on data from foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMU) is investigated. The advantages of the approach are the use of inexpensive sensors and the simplicity of the presented method. We propose algorithms for reconstruction of smooth 2D pedestrian trajectories based on measurements from a single IMU as well as on combined measurements from two IMU’s. Introduced algorithms are based on application of modified Kalman filter with an assumption of IMU having zero velocity when foot contacts the ground. In case of two measurement units, it is additionally assumed that the positions of the sensors cannot differ significantly from each other. The algorithms were tested on trajectories lasting from 1 to 10 minutes, passing indoors on horizontal surfaces. Obtained results were compared with high precision trajectories acquired with GNSS RTK receivers. Additionally, the process of inter-device time synchronization is investigated and detailed description of the experiments and used equipment is given. The dataset used for verification of proposed algorithms is freely available at: http://gartseev.ru/projects/rtj2021.

Forensic experts’ primary and additional professional education does not include such a subject as logic. At the same time, knowledge of logic is crucial at all stages of the examination process. Filling this gap, the authors of this article reveal the content of the fundamental laws of logic and demonstrate their role in the cognitive activity of knowledgeable persons who implement their specialized (primarily construction and technical) knowledge in court proceedings. This paper deals successively with such laws of logic as the law of identity, the law of contradiction, the law of the excluded middle, the law of sufficient reason, the law of double negation, Clavius’s law, the law of contraposition, and laws of division (the dichotomy of logic) concerning various investigative and forensic situations. The projection of these laws of logic on the intellectual operations performed by experts will allow, from the authors’ point of view, to give the process of forensic examinations greater clarity and consistency, which, ultimately, should ensure an increase in its efficiency and quality of results. Logically verified approaches to work will also reduce time and financial costs.

Introduction. In all types of digital communication, error control coding techniques are used. Many digital communication standards, such as Wi-Fi and 5G, use low density parity check (LDPC) codes. These codes are popular because they provide building encoders and decoders with low computational complexity. This work objective is to increase the error correcting capability of the well-known bit-flipping decoder (BF) of LDPC-codes. For this purpose, a modification of the decoder is built, which enables to dynamically control one of its main parameters whose choice affects significantly the quality of decoding. Materials and Methods. The well-known bit-flipping decoder of binary LDPC-codes is considered. This decoder has several parameters that are not rigidly bound with the code parameters. The dependence of the decoding quality on the selection of the output parameters of the bit-flipping decoder was investigated through simulation modeling. It is shown that the decoding results in this case are significantly affected by the input parameter of the decoder — threshold T. A modification of the BF-decoder of binary LDPC-codes has been developed, in which it is proposed to set the threshold dynamically during the execution of the algorithm depending on the error rate. A comparative analysis of the error- correcting capability of decoders is carried out by the simulation modeling method. Results. A lemma on the maximum value of the decoder threshold T is formulated and proved. Upper bounds for the number of operations are found for the original and modified decoders. A simulation model that implements a digital noise-immune communication channel has been built. In the model, the initial data is encoded with a given LDPC-code, then it is made noisy by additive uniformly distributed errors, and thereafter, it is decoded in turn by the bit-flipping algorithm with different threshold T parameters, as well as by a modified decoder. Based on the input and output data, the correction capacity of the decoders used is estimated. Experiments have shown that the error-correcting capability of the modified decoder in the range of the real error rate is higher than that of the original decoder, regardless of the selection of its parameters. Discussion and Conclusions. The lemma, proved in the paper, sets the upper bound on the threshold value in the original decoder, which simplifies its adjustment. The developed modification of the decoder has a better error- correcting capability compared to the original decoder. Nevertheless, the complexity of the modification is slightly increased compared to the original algorithm. It has been pointed out that the decoding quality of a modified decoder develops with a decrease in the number of cycles in the Tanner graph and an increase in the length of the code.

The subject of the research is key criminal risks in robotics. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that key criminal risks of using robots may be identified and classified. The author dares to describe the key aspects of the application of risk-based approach in the assessment of robotic activities, identify the key risks of using robots, give a criminological classification. The methodology includes a formal logical method, systematic approach, formal legal interpretation of legal acts and academic literature, SWOT analysis. The main results of the study. The author applies the main provisions of criminal riskology when assessing encroachments involving robots. Key risks and challenges when using robots are identified. The severity of the consequences of harm caused by using robots (from minor to critical risk) is assessed and a matrix of the probability of its occurrence is provided. The author's criminological classification of robots is based on the risk-based approach and is substantiated on two grounds. The first one is the category of public danger and the second is the potential severity of the consequences of harm caused by robots. The causal complex that can lead to criminal risks in robotics is identified. The grounds of such risks are divided into those related to the mechanical subsystem of robots, digital subsystem of robots and power supply subsystem of robots. Conclusions. The risk-based approach is the most progressive and effective basis for regulating the criminal relations in robotics. The author demonstrates the existence of real risks to the peace and security of mankind, life and health of people, objects of wildlife, nonliving material objects from the use of robots. It is necessary to recognize robotics as source of increased potential criminal danger and to adopt appropriate regulation as soon as possible. The necessity and expediency of applying a risk-based approach to robotics is theoretically substantiated, and the characteristics of robots that are important in assessing the criminal potential of their exploitation are evaluated. The conclusions and recom mendations of this paper may become a basis for the implementation of the risk-based approach in legal regulation of robotics. The risk matrix presented in the article can be used to establish a framework for regulatory impact on robotics, assess the consequences of potential harm and minimize it.

The article considers innovative methods of conducting business activities of an enterprise based on the use of modern information systems, Web technologies, artificial intelligence technologies for creating digital counterparts of an enterprise, managing business processes and managing technical parameters of production. The introduction of innovations at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex is due to the established stable system of distribution of new technologies based on modern scientific base, programs to support small-scale enterprises and their positioning in the market, for the purpose of developing regional structures, creation of specialized subcomplexes in the structure of processing enterprises, for example, in the food industry enterprises, where the introduction of innovations is associated with lower financial costsThe author gives the introduction of innovations in the implementation of digitalization measures at low-power enterprises on the basis of the development of measurement and computing complexes containing unified automation tools with a wide range of applications, modern software products for collecting and processing data on the progress of the technological process and generatingalarms, as well as diagnostic systems and instructions for the installation of equipment, operating both independently and managed through cloud servers.The paper proposes the measuring and computing complex for monitoring and regulating the parameters of complex processes for monitoring and regulating the parameters of small-scale food production enterprises, shows methods for predicting the properties of products with specified characteristics.The study determines the positive directions of digitalization that ensure the competitiveness and economic development of the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.

The Russian practice of control activities requires the formation of a modern concept of analyzing the effectiveness of the state (municipal) property use. The purpose of the article is to develop specific methods of property valuation. The authors practice methods of the empirical research, comparative and statistical research, synthesis of theoretical and practical material. Methods of grouping and classification have been used in the processing and systematization of information. The paper describes new approaches to the system of private and consolidated indicators of the efficiency of the asset management, taking into account the specifics of the public sector. Also, there are outlined the processes that ensure the achievement of the target indicators and maximization of the assessment of the property use. Utilization of the indicators system is going to form conclusions about the degree of a property use for making timely management decisions.

The article addresses the issues related to stationary video recorders: their types, purpose, principles of functioning, design characteristics, key components installed in these devices. The author analyses the procedure for using the video recordings from the surveillance cameras in court proceedings. He also justifies the need for comprehensive examinations when investigating stationary video recorders and points out the cases when the appointment of an examination is necessary and when a specialist inspection is enough. The paper presents a research sequence for a stationary video recorder as a computer forensics’ object. Possible questions to the expert, methods, and approaches are listed; difficulties arising during the examination are considered. The author analyzes a case study of a stationary video recorder examination from the expert practice of the laboratory of computer forensics of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice.

The digital transformation of our world and the inevitable interaction between people, digital technologies and physical assets create a rapidly changing and complex environment that requires organizations to be more flexible, better fit and ready to accept new ways of working. Businesses are coming to realize the need for change to operate successfully in the digital age. In the period of global digitalization, information and communication technologies are one of the most important aspects of existence for a business, which makes it more efficient, efficient and allows you to respond quickly to a rapidly changing external environment, as well as customer needs. At the moment, there is a high interest in the possibilities of artificial intelligence for use in business tasks in the world, as there are already examples of successful implementation, when Artificial Intelligence and machine learning radically change the way they work and increase the profit of organizations in different countries.The purpose of this study is to consider how artificial intelligence affects the value proposition and how the elements of the business model change when using this technology. The paper gives the existing examples of the use of technology, the consequences of its application and the emerging prospects for the use of Artificial Intelligence as one of the advanced technologies of digital transformation.

The paper presents a method for minimizing the torque value of the multi-time deploymentfolding hinges. The objects of research were the hinges assembly of multi-time deployment-folding mechanical devices of solar array, which are used as part of the platforms of spacecraft. A computational analysis of the forces and moments that act in the hinges in the process of their opening and folding is carried out. The minimization of the excessive torque value without changing the design and layout of the hinge is possible by changing the shape of the dependence of the spring drive force on the angle of rotation of the hinge. The possibility of using constant force springs as part of the hinge is considered, the existing design algorithms are improved and a program for calculating the geometric and mechanical characteristics of constant force springs is developed. Experimental data were obtained for measuring the forces of springs of various configurations, showing the dependence of the magnitude of the force on the magnitude of the spring deformation and confirming the efficiency of the proposed calculation algorithm. A prototype of a hinge assembly with a constant force spring drive was developed and manufactured. The possibility of minimizing the excess torque without the need to change the design of the hinge while maintaining its technical characteristics was experimentally confirmed.

This paper analyzed two libraries for implementation of automata in dynamic languages. The comparison has been made based on modifying the functionality of the Restful-authentication plugin for Ruby on Rails framework. These libraries allow transferring a graphical model into a source code. Moreover library developed by the authors of the paper provide a method for creation of state groups which reduces the number of transitions required to implement the automaton in the code. Also this library preserved the hierarchy of the parent automata after inheritance. Using developed library it is possible to perform a reverse engineering and restore the original graphical model from the source code.

System functional testing of microprocessors deals with many assembly programs of given behavior. The paper proposes new constraint-based algorithm of initial cache-memory contents generation for given behavior of assembly program (with cache misses and hits). Although algorithm works for any types of cache-memory, the paper describes algorithm in detail for basis types of cache-memory only: fully associative cache and direct mapped cache.

The paper assumes a Bayesian estimate of the telecommunication systems availability ratio. Downtime and uptime are described by gamma distributions with positive integer parameters. Estimates of the distribution parameters are obtained using the maximum likelihood method. For the set samples, the values of the desired probability distribution densities are found and an expression for estimating the availability ratio is derived. Numerical estimates for the standard and assumed estimates are given. For a system with two states, a Bayesian estimate of the availability function with consideration of downtime and serviceable condition takes into account the features of backup equipment and the effect of its failure defined by performance reliability and features that ensure the reliability of information signals. The proposed Bayesian approach has the following advantages: it is possible to conduct quantitative estimates with lack of sufficient statistics on functional use indicators; it takes into account all destabilizing factors of various nature; the presence of a lower mean square error compared to traditional methods. To implement the proposed approach that estimates the availability ratio, confidence probabilities are introduced relative to the indicator of failure flows and equipment recovery. The parameters of the a priori information can be determined by different methods or on the basis of sufficient statistical data. To illustrate the discussed calculation algorithm, a digital data transmission system of a standard satellite navigation system consisting of terminal, radio equipment, and a transponder is considered. To estimate the required values, we used data on interruptions in the operation of equipment due to its malfunction during a conditional year. The frequency of downtime caused by signal propagation conditions and equipment failures was evaluated. It was shown that the gamma distribution is suitable for describing the frequency distribution of downtime. The frequency distribution of the cyclicity coefficient with the condition of the selected time interval was also taken into account. Sample mathematical expectations and mean square deviations of the downtime coefficient were found. As a result, the numerical example shows the correctness of using the Bayesian estimate of weighted equipment preparedness.

The cross-country capability of multi-purpose wheeled vehicles is one of the most important operational properties of these technical objects. In many ways, it is determined by their traction characteristics. There are a number of ways to improve traction and coupling properties of multipurpose wheeled vehicles, the main ones are the use of various kinds of traction control systems, blocking of interaxle and interwheel differentials, the use of ballast and several others. Recently, one of the ways to improve the traction properties and cross-country ability of vehicles on soils with weak load-bearing capacity is a regulation of air pressure in the tires of the driving wheels of multi-purpose wheeled vehicles. The paper describes the process of interaction of the wheel mover with the ground surface when the air pressure in the tire changes. The influence of air pressure on the traction properties of wheeled vehicles is established. The system of automatic control of air pressure in tires of mobile cars depending on road conditions is offered. The use of the proposed regulation principle will significantly increase the cross-country ability of multi-purpose wheeled vehicles in heavy traffic conditions, eliminating the subjective factor in the person of the vehicle operator.

To ensure quality of dry friction clutch engagement in automated mechanical transmission during vehicle starting-up and maneuvering the control range of clutch actuator has to be maximum wide. It depends on the consistency of the clutch actuator geometric parameters with the electrical characteristics of the used solenoid valves, the output stage of the controller and the PWM control signal frequency. In addition to precision electronic control the driver must be able to “manually” operate the dry friction clutch in emergency. That is why friction clutch must have two independent control circuits. The original automated drive with a duplicate pneumohydraulic circuit for the friction clutch is presented in the paper, as well as the research results of the PWM frequency influence on operating range of the clutch pneumatic actuator. The research was based on the analysis of semi-natural experiment for assessing the functional performance of the designed automated mechatronic control system for the truck mechanical transmission. Ecomat R360 controllers were used as a hardware base of the test bench information control system. The developed software for the controller with one-parameter feedback on the clutch release lever movement allows to provide the PWM signal of varying duty ratio to the proportional solenoid valve of the automated drive. A graphical representation of the research results was performed with visualization possibilities of CoDeSys V2.3. During the semi-natural experiment, the polynomial dependence between variation of the clutch actuator control range and the generated PWM signal frequency in the range up to 400 Hz was revealed as well as practical recommendations on the choice of the optimum PWM signal frequency are also given in activity. The research results can be used in an adaptive control algorithm for automated mechanical transmission of trucks and road trains to ensure precise control of the clutch actuator in the starting-up and maneuvering processes.

The analysis of features and usability of online services of four platforms Simpoll, Survio, Mentometer and Google Forms that can be taken into account by teachers when choosing them for creating an educational resource. The most significant differences between these services and the factors that contribute to the rapid content filling of online surveys for any educational activities, taking into account their features, are identified. The main features of each of the presented services are described. The paper presents the results of designing a digital event using an open survey form on the example of an ecological and mathematical interactive rapid test for students of all forms and types of education. The survey on the quality of the event showed a high 85% level of satisfaction and interest of respondents in this testing format.

Biomechanics of motor actions solves the problems of analysis of external motor events - kinematic and dynamic movement parameters. Inertial measurement devices such as gyroscope and accelerometer are used for biomechanical analysis of human movements. The paper describes an algorithm for analysis of kinematic characteristics of the running based on inertial gyro signals. Running is used to estimate the physical performance, endurance, coordination abilities of a person. Gyroscope signals were registered using the TrignoTM Wireless System. For data analysis in the MATLAB, the software for automated evaluation of electromyographic and biomechanical motion patterns was developed. The algorithm allows one to calculate time, spatial and spatial-to-time parameters of motion, symmetry of movements of the left and right limbs, and also stability of repetition of biomechanical movement pattern. The algorithm includes the following stages: 1) adaptive filtering of signals; 2) identification of movement phases; 3) calculation of spatial and time symmetry of left and right limbs; 4) analysis of the repetition stability of biomechanical movement pattern. The proposed algorithm was used to estimate the motor coordination potential of high-skilled athletes in longdistance running. The research made it possible to estimate individual features of work of each group of muscles for each sportsman while performing a test task with stepwisely increasing load on a running track. This approach is a tool to detect asymmetric work of paired muscle groups and of muscle groups with irrational workability. The proposed algorithm for the analysis of running kinematic characteristics can be used to develop new criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of solving a movement problem, as well as to assess the correctness of the movement technique and identify errors that can lead to injuries.

Purpose of the study. The aim of the research is to develop new principles of decision making (principles of optimality) in games with nature and their application to analyze statistical data and choose strategies for stock investment.Materials and methods. We analyze Russian and foreign bibliography on the research problem. A model of decision making in a game with nature with known state probabilities is proposed. The mathematical expectation of the player's payoff is taken as an assessment of efficiency, and the standard deviation or variance is taken as a risk assessment. This two-criterion task is formalized by transferring the efficiency assessment into a constraint. As a result, for the case of mixed strategies, a nonlinear (quadratic) task of mathematical programming arises. To solve it, an approach based on the Lagrange function and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions is used. As an application of the methods obtained, the problems of stock investment are considered.Results. Analytical methods for solving the indicated optimization problem and an algorithm for finding optimal mixed strategies are obtained. Practical examples of application of the proposed approach on real statistical data are given. As the initial data in this study, we used stock quotes of Russian companies in the electric power industry for the period from 01.07.2020 to 01.10.2020, taken from the website of the FINAM Investment Company. The developed method allows one to find the optimal strategy and the corresponding values of profitability and risk based on only the initial data (statistical characteristics of financial instruments and the threshold value of profitability), i.e. provides, in our opinion, a convenient analysis tool for the investor.Conclusion. The concept of the principle of optimality in decision making problems under conditions of incomplete information is very ambiguous. The decision maker should be able to choose from a range of decision making models that reflect the dependence of the type of rational behavior on the available information and the attitude to risk. The paper proposes a model of this type for the case of probabilistic uncertainty, which leads to the problem of minimizing variance as a risk assessment with a lower bound on the mathematical expectation as an assessment of efficiency.

Introduction . The field of augmented reality (AR) is growing rapidly and has great advances in interaction, navigation and tracking. Nowadays there are a lot of trends for AR applications in different areas (education, entertainment, business, medicine, etc.). However, there is a lack of research to provide the evaluating AR apps framework to support developers when creating suitable AR applications for specific needs. We provide a practical approach to quantify some of the AR applications features. We focus on the development of criteria for evaluating augmented reality applications. We discuss the criteria of choosing dimensions for that space such as standards for AR, tools for AR development, navigation and tracking, content management, usability. We provide analysis and evaluation of AR apps through each characteristic using guidelines which we have developed. Materials and Methods . An AR application is a software application that integrates digital visual, audio and other types of content into a real-world environment. The software quality and performance are the main characteristics of the application, which are key factors for AR applications. The analysis of scientific papers, documents and standards made it possible to determine characteristics that are the most significant quality indicators based on well-grounded users’ needs and demands. Results. The criteria we have developed for evaluating applications with augmented reality enable developers to create their own software products in stages, based on step-by-step requirements for them, evaluating the development process by characteristics. This approach will allow you to create high-quality software products using standardized, modern development tools. Discussion and Conclusions . In addition, developers will have a detailed understanding of each stage of creating the application and the necessary development tools and technologies to obtain the highest quality result. That will give an opportunity to decide on specific development tools, methods, models and technologies before starting work on a project. As a result, it will provide the final high-quality software product with good extensibility and compliance with the modern requirements of the digital industry market.

The article discusses the various possibilities of using ICTs in teaching Russian as a foreign language at the University of Pisa and the methods of working with a modern virtual educational environment. A brief description of the modern educational environment (and, more broadly, ecosystem) that has developed under the influence of informatization, computerization and digitalization of society in the late XX — early XXI centuries is proposed. The paper also focuses on the ways in which the Blended learning approach as an integration of classroom and online learning is put in practice by using the E-learning system and Moodle tools. Particular attention is paid to the methodology of working with the multimedia corpus of the Russian language MURCO in teaching grammar. In particular, it is demonstrated that the use of the corpus allows developing pragmatic language competence and mastering adaptation mechanisms for the adequate implementation of communicative intentions within any social scenario. In language teaching, the recognition of the need to study pragmatics using corpus data is due to the fact that the design of the verbal-semantic and linguo-cognitive levels of the secondary language personality is not enough to form a stable communicative skill. Reaching the third and the highest, i.e. pragmatic level of functioning of the secondary language personality, which allows to realize communicative-activity needs, is impossible without immersion in the environment (which can be artificially recreated) of the language being studied. In particular, it will be demonstrated how the analysis of micro-dialogs from the MURCO corpus, illustrating imperative speech acts, allows not only to describe the elements of the “expanded” semantics of the imperative mood in the Russian language, but also to reveal the socio-pragmatic factors of its use.

The article is devoted to the study of the acceptability of the introduction of digital technologies in the electoral process and their compliance with democratic standards. It is indicated, that the Recommendation CM / Rec (2017) revised the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of electoral technologies in accordance with the current stage of development of science and information technology and today remains virtually the only agreed act, containing requirements for electronic voting. The most common digital technologies in the election process are highlighted: devices for direct recording of electronic voting without a paper ballot form; means of scanning the ballot; technical mechanisms for speeding up the counting of votes; online voting system via a computer or mobile device with Internet access; a device for voter identification online or at a polling station (including by recording fingerprints or the retina). The following essential principles of this method of election are summarized: clarity of procedure, reliability, stability of electoral legislation and broad public support. The authors highlight the following advantages of the electronic election system - the presence of a coordinated, verified, labile voter register; increases administrative efficiency; reduces long-term costs of financial and labor resources; eliminates the possibility of manipulation; speeds up the counting of votes; improves political transparency; overcomes the problems of ignorance of the electorate. The article proves that elections, referendums or other forms of democracy, conducted using digital technologies, must meet the requirements and general principles of suffrage. Legitimation of digital technologies is possible only in the absence of discriminatory advantages. Therefore, the possibility of using digital technologies is possible in the case of organizing the technical perfection of the electronic voting system and counting of votes, as well as their alternatives, along with the classic form of voting

The subject of this research is the theory of traffic flow modeling and modern transport infrastructure in cities and regions. The article discusses the classification and application of various models of correspondence on public transport routes – network, route, and multimodal. The paper carries out a comparative analysis of two route models: 1) based on the intervals, where input information about each route is limited to its tracking by the transport network graph, the sequence of stops, the times of movement between stops and the frequencies of movement of vehicles; 2) based on schedules, that use detailed information about the schedules of vehicles along routes (arrival time and departure time for each stop). The study concludes that in models based on schedules, it is possible to define not behaviour strategies, as in the case of models based on intervals, but specific paths for each correspondence. As a result of the analysis of multimodal models of organization of transport flows, the author came to the conclusion that the most popular at present are models of distribution of correspondence along multimodal routes.

The paper addresses the problem of assessing the quality of fingerprint images using spatial analysis methods. The author proposes using the previously developed mathematical model to describe the set of magnitudes of the image gradient. The model is based on the two-parameter Weibull distribution. The author proposes two approaches to assess the quality of fingerprints. The first approach is implemented by the so-called “Full reference method”, which compares the Weibull distribution parameters’ values of statistical estimates. The results of identifying sweat pores using this method are presented. The second approach is called the “No-Reference method” and is used to assess fingerprints’ quality when analyzing and identifying the information content of their individual sections. It is proposed to use an image blur map as a quality characteristic and a statistical estimate of the Weibull distribution shape parameter as a measure of the blur. The shape parameter is estimated at each image point by the combination of magnitudes of the image gradient in the vicinity of the point; in this, the previously developed blur mapping technique is applied. The specific examples illustrate effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

The paper analyzes the possibility of using multi-sensory virtual reality to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures based on the ideomotor representation of complex bilateral limb movements. Mathematical models were constructed in the form of statistical connectors of intercortical interactions undergoing changes against the background of peripheral sensomotor apparatus activation. The increased activity in the motor cortical zones of the proprioceptive system activation was demonstrated, which testifies to the increased efficiency of the ideomotor representation of movements. The obtained results can be used as a way to improve the stability and accuracy of neurocomputer interface classifiers based on the detection of complex bilateral movements.

The paper shows the approach and the result of taking into account the mutual influence of on-board subsystems of a complex technical object along the DC power supply circuits. Technical objects are understood as a mobile, energy-intensive vehicle, such as an aircraft, a surface or submarine vessel, or a railway locomotive with strong magnetic fields. The aim of the work is to create a simple and intuitive tool for mathematical modeling of the magnetic field vector at an arbitrarily specified observation point. The task is being solved in order to improve the accuracy of magnetic measurements on board, in particular, in navigation problems. On-board DC networks are considered, to which the approach of mathematical modeling is applied. The disadvantages of commercial programs of a similar purpose are noted. The binding of the objects under consideration to the general coordinate system is described. An analytical algorithm for calculating the magnetic field vector from the on-board cable network with a pronounced 3D trajectory is shown. Examples of visualization of the simulation results are given. An algorithm for calculating the induction vector based on the Biot-Savard law is considered. The algorithm for the analytical solution of the problem is described in detail. A specific power cable of the on-board network is considered. The cable is given by a set of straight conductors with current. The ways of future improvement of the created product with the transition from one observation point to the field map in a given three-dimensional zone of arbitrary position, volume and orientation are outlined. The obtained result is considered as an element of the procedure for achieving electromagnetic compatibility of energy-intensive and highly sensitive subsystems of a modern complex technical object.

When introducing a new product or service to the market, a manufacturer or retailer is faced with the need to develop a promotion strategy. Taking into account the recent trends in e-commerce and social media marketing, it makes sense to evaluate the possibility of borrowing promotion strategies from producers of abstract, potentially monetized electronic content. The article considers the activity of advertising bots using the example of the social network Facebook. The paper carries out an autocorrelation analysis of the observation results and reveals the frequency of automated requests to the user by advertising bots. The authors construct an autoregressive model of the dynamics of the activity of advertising bots and verbalize Facebook’s strategy to increase traffic to the information space controlled by the social network.

Social networks have firmly entered the lives of billions of global Internet users worldwide. They communicate in social networks, play online games, make purchases, organise online events — exchange content from all walks of life [1, 2]. The most popular and well-known services in Russia are Vkontakte (vk.com), Youtube.com, Facebook.com, Odnoklassniki (Ok.ru), etc. The interfaces of such platforms allo — fake accounts. In this paper, we propose an approach to detect bots using the LiveJournal social network as an example. For this, we investigated the characteristics of the user’s egograph and performed a comparative analysis of the results of the classification algorithms.