Search

Copyright of Problems of Friction & Wear is the property of National Aviation University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economy of Industry is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of the Economy of Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nano- & Electronic Physics is the property of Sumy State University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to create a model of legal regulation of clusters in the Russian Federation.Methods: historical method, formal-legal analysis, statistical and sociological methods, systematization, comparative-legal method, methods of legal modeling and forecasting.Results: based on the analysis of scientific literature, Russian and foreign legislation and legal practice, the paper formulates the definition of a “cluster” concept (a group of business entities (suppliers, manufacturers, etc.) located on the territory of a special economic zone, operating in a certain sphere, producing and/or carrying out complementary goods, works, services), defines its features and types, and identifies the models of incentive legal regimes: (a) “model of derogations” – EPR model; b) “model of guarantees” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovations and technologies in the PPP (MPP) framework; c) “model of support” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity of SMEs in the field of digital innovations and technologies; d) “model of preferences” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity within the boundaries of territories and entities with high innovation potential. The author proposes to create a unified legal regime of cluster and cluster activity in the Russian Federation by developing and adopting a relevant federal law and amending the legislation on special economic zones.Scientific novelty: the article is the first to carry out a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of clusters and cluster policy, their legal regulation in Russia and foreign countries.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to the legal regulation of clusters and cluster policy in Russia and foreign countries, as well as legal regimes stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovation and technology.

Copyright of KazEU Khabarshysy/ Vestnik KazEU is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In modern conditions, ensuring rapid economic development is a priority task for industrial policy, but its achievement is hampered by the sanctions imposed on Russia. Russian oil industry has become an object of special attention to the countries that initiated the sanctions. The goal of the paper is to substantiate a set of practical measures that promote cluster development through innovation as an opportunity to facilitate economic growth in the region under the sanctions. In the framework of the goal we achieve the following objectives: we substantiate the cluster approach as a theoretical framework for the innovation-driven development of the industrial complex; we explore the current state and the value of the petrochemical complex in the economy of the Samara Oblast; we justify the stages of formalization of the industrial cluster on the basis of innovation. Scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it expands the existing system of knowledge about economic sanctions not only as a tool of political pressure, but also as a resource for priority development of regions. The application of the research findings is associated with substantiating a set of practical measures to achieve priority development taking into account economic specialization of the region. The goal is achieved with the use of logical, systematic and statistical analysis of the regional economic system, and the data is taken from publicly available official sources. We prove that the nature of the sanctions is similar to that of economic crises, and the sanctions can and should be used to promote advanced growth in regional economies. We point out that one should not underestimate the role and importance of the raw materials sector in economic development in the regions where it can serve as a driver of development for manufacturing industries. The Samara Oblast is one of such regions; it has a petrochemical cluster, which in fact is an archaic system of a territorial-industrial complex. The paper reveals opportunities and proposes a set of practical measures to facilitate priority development of an emerging petrochemical cluster in the Samara Oblast on the basis of innovation. The prospects for further research include a search for new opportunities to accelerate innovative development of regions under the sanctions

A universal scale of a position of a company is proposed in the paper, it includes the cluster and descriptive variables. The scale was tested on the companies representing the world food industry. A cluster structure of the industry which reflects the main stages of growth of the company is obtained. Distinctive feature of this work is its empirical basis. Applying the method developed in this paper it is easy to determine the identity of a company to a particular cluster which gives a rather full impression regarding advantages and disadvantages of a current position of a company. The proposed analysis method allows identifying the most important stages of a company position and possible problems which can appear as soon as it growths up and its structure becomes more complicated.

This article’s objective is to develop conceptual approach to the study of key decision-making factors of cross-industry spatially localized innovation networks regularities by the application of quantitative and qualitative data of St. Petersburg Innovation and Technology Cluster of Machinery Manufacturing and Metalworking. The paper is based on the previous research findings which conclude that such networks have a set of opportunities and constraints for innovation. The hypothesis is that in the clusters, representing a special type of these networks, the spatial proximity partly offsets the negative impact of industrial distance. The authors propose a structural and logical model of strategic decision-making to analyze these effects on innovation. They specify network’s influences on performance: cognitive diversity; knowledge and expertise; structural autonomy and equivalence. The model is applied to spatially localized cross-industry cluster and then improved in accordance with the obtained results for accounting resource flows. It allowed to take into account the dynamics of innovation activity and to develop the practical implications in the particular business context. The analysis identified the peculiarities of spatially localized crossindustry innovation cooperation in perspective of the combinations of tangible resources, information and other intangible resources for the renewal of mature industries. The research results can be used in business as well as in industrial and regional economic policy. In the conclusion, the article outlines future research directions: a comprehensive empirical study with the analysis of data on the factors of cross-industry cooperation which were identified in this paper with testing of causal relations; the developing an approach to the study of spatially localized networks based on the exchange of primary resources in the economic system stability framework.

Over the recent decades there have been increasing efforts by developing countries to reduce the economic gap between developed and developing countries. Asian and Northern European countries demonstrate good progress in these areas.Sweden,Denmark,Chinashow stable high economic indicators that have been achieved by targeted government programs. These programs were aimed at creating a new type of economy based on knowledge and new technologies. Given the success of these countries, a number of developing countries, whose economies are dependent on resources, today, are looking to repeat their way; those countries areRussia,Indonesia,BrazilandChile. The modernization of the economy and the formation of innovative economy are key objectives of the state policies of these countries. The research by leading economists and scientists led to the conclusion that the regional level of national economy plays a key role in formation of knowledgebase economy, which indicates the need to differentiate the innovation policy of the state depending on the economy parameters of each region. This paper presents a model of the first stage of the formation of the entrepreneurialuniversityUniversityinnovation infrastructure model, which is a key part of a territoral cluster. The article consists of five parts. The first part covers the analysis of the two main models of regional development: clustering theory and Triple Helix. This section describes a positive result, which is achieved by using these models simultaneously. The second part of the article shows the importance and the role of the entrepreneurial university in the formation of innovative clusters. It will be explained how and under what conditions this formation is achieved. The third part of this paper will present University innovation infrastructure model. The fourth part will examine the practical first steps to create a cluster "Vorob’evi Gori" on the basis of theMoscowStateUniversity. The fifth, final part contains the main conclusions of the article and the next steps in the investigation of this subject.

Copyright of Uzbek Chemical Journal / O'Zbekiston Kimyo Jurnali is the property of Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the density functional theory calculations were carried out in order to find the adsorption energies of a benzene ring on small Pd0 clusters consisting of four or nine atoms. The adsorption of benzene on palladium clusters was found to result in a noticeable energy gain of the system: -146 kJ/mol in the case of Pd4, and -117 kJ/mol in the case of Pd9. The adsorption energies of chloro-, bromo- and iodoanisole on Pd4*C6H6 were also calculated. The adsorption of iodoanisole was characterized by the highest energy gain of the system (-278 kJ/mol) and occurred dissociatively without activation, that fundamentally distinguished it from chloro- and bromoanisole. The data obtained can be used to explain the differences in the behavior of catalysts based on hyper-cross-linked polystyrene in cross-coupling reactions of various aryl halides and phenylboronic acid, and also the fact that aryl iodides can favor the formation of homogeneous forms of palladium.

Significant differentiation between Russian regions in the production and consumption of milk and dairy products hampers the food security. The paper investigates interregional relationships in the indicated processes. Methodologically, the research relies on the regional and spatial economics, in particular on Hirschman’s theory of backward and forward linkages, Perroux’s theory of growth poles, Christaller’s central place theory, Lösch’s theory of spatial organisation of the economy, Friedman’s core-periphery theory, and some others. Using the spatial autocorrelation analysis by Moran procedure and the research of inter-territorial interactions according to Anselin, the authors determine the main regional centers of milk production and consumption, cluster the regions according to the level of dairy production, and specify clusters of closely interconnected regions of Russia on the basis of the identified interregional relationships. The agro-industrial cluster structures functioning in these territories confirm the tightness of the identified interregional cooperative direct and reverse relationships. The four clusters include the Siberian cluster (Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tyumen oblasts, etc.), the Southern cluster (Krasnodar krai, Rostov and Belgorod oblasts, etc.), the Central cluster (Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod oblasts, Republic of Mordovia, etc.), and the Ural-Volga cluster (Republic of Tatarstan, Sverdlovsk and Nizhny Novgorod oblasts). The results of the study can be useful for researchers involved in the design of spatial strategies, regional programmes and models of socioeconomic development, as well as for regional and municipal authorities implementing the Strategy for the spatial development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025.

The paper discusses the method of virtualization of enterprise-scale computing resources. The concept of the enterprise server infrastructure is being created, which will operate in an enterprise with up to 1,000 users. The use of the VMware vSphere virtualization platform is considered with a detailed description of the functions that were used in the enterprise. A comparative analysis of this platform with other virtualization systems is made.

The oxidation features of yeast cells in the glucose solution under acoustic cavitation in order to determine the influence patterns of acoustic cavitation on the rate of water purification from biological contamination was investigated in the paper. It was shown that the disintegration rate of the microorganisms under the influence of ultrasound is described by the first-order equation, whereas the change in COD of dispersion of yeast in time under acoustic cavitation is described by the second-order kinetic equation. Oxidation of organic compounds of yeast cells in acoustic cavitation conditions proceeds by a radical chain mechanism. This is confirmed by the dependence of the rate constant on the concentration of oxygen, dissolved in a given system. The glucose oxidation rate under acoustic cavitation is much lower than the yeast oxidation rate in an aqueous dispersion. Increasing the glucose concentration in the dispersion of the yeast leads to slowing down the process at a constant concentration of yeast cells in the system. It was shown that glucose inhibits the oxidation of organic substances, contained in yeast cells. The obtained results allow to optimize the treatment process of wastewater of the food enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albeit being a trending topic in the world’s research literature, clusters have not been fully explored in the case of former planned economies with their specific peculiarities. In particular, there is little empirical research on Russian clusters. Therefore, the history of the formation and the conditions for the functioning of clusters in these countries have their own specific features. A study of Russian clusters allows us to compare their results with similar data for other countries, which indicate the presence of a positive effect for enterprises from working in a cluster, although not in all cases. The paper examines the effect of operating as part of a cluster for industrial enterprises in Russia. The main method of study is regression analysis of the production function with the binary variable ‘Cluster’. The targets of the study are industrial enterprises in 15 clusters in Russia that receive support from government programs. The reference group included businesses that are similar to those in the study group in terms of specialization and number of employees and are located in Russian regions with no clusters. Enterprises for the control group were selected according to the similarity of the type of economic activity and the size of the enterprise. In total, data were collected on the results of 368 enterprises, for the period from 2006 to 2015. Data was used as panel data.Financial and economic indicators for industrial enterprises were retrieved from the Ruslana database. Therefore, the results enable us to conclude, that in Russia in considered industrial sectors, in general, businesses, located in clusters, are more efficient, than ones outside clusters, but the degree of such efficiency is not high. These results do not completely correlate with foreign ones, where the researcher usually notes more pronounced effects

The paper reflects the real gases properties convergent analysis utilization for clusters' properties and structure cognition. Experimental data are from the NIST, USA, Webbook on Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems. An explosion of interest to clusters now is stimulated by their utilization as seeds for the nanoparticles nucleation. Some scientists even name clusters as a new state of matter. But a small interparticle bond energy as compared to the thermal agitation energy makes the equilibrium clusters' nature cognition difficult. The author has developed the interactive computerized method for thermophysical data analysis. A high precision of the NIST data, up to 12 digits, provides the inverse problem solution for hidden clusters' properties cognition. The convergent researcher-computer interaction permits hypotheses generation about the equilibrium cluster structure and to receive a quick response from the information system about their correctness. The multi-window mode for intermediate results analysis permits changing easily the algorithm and program providing the investigation convergence to the final theoretical conclusion about the clusters' nature. Unlike the Artificial Intellect technology, which relies mostly on computers' power, in our case we consider the Convergent Intellect, which requires the researcher's active work and an effective support from the information system for his/her creative and cognitive activity. The breakthrough in the clusters' properties cognition relies on new, more informative, variables: the monomer fraction density and the gas potential energy density. It has opened the way to a number of fundamental discoveries, such as: the clusters in gases bond energy growth on approaching the bulk substance melting point; soft structural transitions in cluster fractions; the chain clusters existence at moderate densities and magic particles numbers in large clusters at densities approaching the critical one.

Production and transfer of knowledge, the processes of implementation and diffusion of innovations have crucial role in the context of the regional economic growth and competitiveness of the country as a whole. Successful course of these processes is enhanced by creation of a network of regional innovative interaction between the main «actors» of the innovative development, such as: scientific-research institutes, universities and providers of business services. The geographical proximity of these structures, which are interested in innovative development in the small territory of the autonomy examined by us, plays a crucial role in the establishment of an effective communication process between them. In addition to this type of proximity, the «actors» should also have cognitive proximity, which implies the overall knowledge that helps understanding and successfully absorbing new information in the process of interaction. Development of these processes is based on the processes of territorial clustering, and namely the creation of innovation networks, contributing to the acceleration of the interactive learning process between local innovation actors and their external partners, accumulation of regional knowledge based on the concept of cognitive economy. Based on the analysis of cluster policy the Republic of Moldova, this paper identifies the trends and mechanisms of development of cluster policy at the regional level. The experience of cluster establishment is described based on the example of development region of ATU Gagauzia.

The goal of the present paper is to identify the optimal strategy of development of the Russian olericulture in order to substitute imported products and to build up logistic and transport infrastructure. Existing problems of the Russian olericulture are described. It is demonstrated that these problems can be solved on the basis of big integrated structures. Formation of these structures can be based on hierarchical (vertical integration) or networking (agricultural filieres or clusters) models. A comparative analysis of these models of development of olericulture is made. Advantages and inconveniences of each model are described. It is demonstrated that sustainable development of the Russian olericulture can be insured only by a combination of hierarchical and networking tools. Vertical integration will help to reach quick increase of production, while networking models are necessary for inclusion of small producers into production chains, development of product range and development of supporting industries. Networking models are also necessary for social tasks. It means that the optimal strategy of development of the Russian olericulture should be based on a combination of networking and hierarchical tools. This combination is necessary for agricultural corporation as well as for the Russian olericulture in general.

The functioning of a modern economic system is based on the interaction of objects of different hierarchical levels. Thus, the problem of the study of innovation processes taking into account the mutual influence of the activities of these economic actors becomes important. The paper dwells evolutionary basis for the formation of models of innovation development on the basis of micro and macroeconomic analysis. Most of the concepts recognized that despite a big number of diverse models, the coordination of the relations between economic agents is of crucial importance for the successful innovation development. According to the results of the evolutionary-hierarchical analysis, the authors reveal key phases of the development of forms of business cooperation, science and government in the domestic economy. It has become the starting point of the conception of the characteristics of the interaction in the cluster models of innovation development of the economy. Considerable expectancies on improvement of the national innovative system are connected with the development of cluster and network structures. The main objective of government authorities is the formation of mechanisms and institutions that will foster cooperation between members of the clusters. The article explains that the clusters cannot become the factors in the growth of the national economy, not being an effective tool for interaction between the actors of the regional innovative systems.

Review of experiments on stratification of binary metal melts in capillaries has been performed. Considering old results and new experimental data represented in this paper, conclusion has made that effect of the layering can be explained only with totally new approach to structure and properties of liquid metal melts and/or any liquid in general.

In this paper the feasibility of the cluster approach in the formation of an effective inter sectoral and spatial interaction of the participants of investment and construction activity in the region. The problems and prospects of the investment and construction of the complex in the form of a cluster as an example of the Sverdlovsk region is considered. The main threats to the development of the construction of the complex are systematized the preconditions of building cluster in the Sverdlovsk region are defined. Growth factors that stimulate the development of the construction cluster Sverdlovsk region as a whole and its individual segments are defined. The algorithm for building a cluster of Sverdlovsk region, based on the analysis of the region's readiness to form a cluster, potential actors, infrastructure and functioning of thecluster. Highlighted thestrengths and weaknesses of theconstruction cluster Sverdlovsk region. The possible advantages of the construction cluster formation from the standpoint of a particular region of the construction industry and the individual participant are formulated

Winter's law is one of the important accentual laws of the Balto-Slavic period. Its reality is now established and acknowledged by most scholars, although some still reject its existence or point to its problematicity. The aim of this paper is to show that the behavior of certain blocking consonants which prohibit the operation of Winter's law can be described by Optimality Theory.