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Анализируется использование тропа относительности Секстом Эмпириком. Поднимается проблема возможного агностицизма главного представителя пирронизма и предлагаются аргументы и основания, которые показывают способ отведения данного возражения. Основой интерпретации является так называемая диалектическая стратегия, с помощью которой Секст мог описать свое непропозициональное использование норм и аргументов, которые были им заимствованы у догматических философов и использованы против них самих., The goal of Sextus Empiricus' philosophy implies achieving the tranquility of soul (ataraxia), which is reached through investigation of scientific and philosophical beliefs. Sceptic comes to conclusion, Sextus says, that conflicting beliefs have equal persuasiveness, which allows him to suspend judgement about truth and falsity of any issues under investigation. At the same time Sextus uses powerful arguments of negative dogmatic nature, what provides reasons to some scholars to contend Sextus' insincerity and inconsistency. Indeed, we come to strange results, undertaking analysis of the Relativity Mode. If we reconstruct arguments, contained in the Mode, we can see that the main premise of the Mode is an assumption that relative knowledge of the things is not the proper one, for it cannot reveal their real nature. For the being of things in themselves is assumed as absolute and not relative one. Every relative predicate then does not reveal the real properties of the things in themselves. Assuming this, one should certain conclude that things are incomprehensible, which means in its turn taking agnosticism. However this takes no place in Sextus' case -at the end of every Mode he declares necessity of suspending judgement. This issue raises the main problem of this paper. I argue that Sextus has sufficient means to refute those hasty charges sketched above. So it is proposed an apologetic interpretation based on so called «dialectical strategy», which can be traced to Socrates and which was inherited by Sextus through Arcesilaus. It consists in hypothetical assuming premises and deduction rules of opponents (dogmati-cists), and revealing internal contradictions of their accounts. As example of such strategy could be taken a special way of skeptical speaking, which is described by «phainestai rule» (K. Vogt). According to this rule the pyrrhonian sceptic makes no statements, but just utters about his perceptions and mental states. It means that the sceptic have a special skeptical propositional attitude, according to which he makes no truth claims but he is just reasoning from the dogmatist's point of view. Thus we reach a point that the sceptic doesn't argue truth of premises and deduction rules, and thereby is not committed to their conclusions. This shows why the sceptic isn't entitled to claim agnosticism as consequence of his reasoning. However this interpretation calls an account of isosthenia in question, which I'll undertake in the following paper.

Рассматривается романная тетралогия Томаса Манна «Иосиф и его братья». Проводится сопоставление романов тетралогии с образцами жанра эмигрантского романа, созданными писателями, покинувшими Германию после событий 1933 г. (Э.М. Ремарк, Л. Фейхтвангер, К. Манн). Учитываются такие аспекты романной поэтики, как пространственная организация, сюжет, типология героев. Обосновывается принадлежность тетралогии Т. Манна к жанровой периферии немецкого эмигрантского романа., Data for study for the paper is Thomas Mann's tetralogy Joseph and His Brothers finished in the American exile in 1943. T. Mann's work is considered to belong to different genres, namely myth novel, historical novel, anti-totalitarian Bildungsroman. In the paper it is compared with the main examples of German exile novel created by exile writers E.M. Remarque, L. Feuchtwanger, K. Mann. The exile novel is a genre where space organization plays an extraordinary important role. Two main kinds of space worldview presented in Joseph novels are considered in the article. The bearers of the first one are Jacob and his relatives and the bearers of the second one are Egyptians. The sacred centre of Jacob's world is the Luz hill, and Canaan is considered to be a sacral territory. Secular territories are located around it. As for Egypt, it is outskirts having the same axiological meaning as the underworld. Egyptians' worldview is an axiological inverse of Jacob's one because they accept Egypt as a sacral territory and Canaan as a barbarian country. The authors of the German exile novel also simulate two worldviews which are axiologically opposite. The author refers to them as "Nazi space" and "exile space" because their bearers are Nazi characters and emigrant characters respectively. Yuri Lot-man offered such a criterion for constructing the typology of literary characters as their relation to space. Using this criterion in studying the German exile novel enables to define Nazi and emigrant characters as bearers of opposite worldviews and to analyze the situation of choice appearing in every emigrant's life. Emigrants can either accept the axiology of the exile space where the central zone is a "dark" world and outskirt is a sacral rational territory or suffer from being far from their motherland. Emigrant characters from the first group start a new life in one of the outskirt countries while characters from the second group mostly die. A similar self-determination act must be held by Th. Mann's Joseph who accepts Egypt as "his" country and sacral territory. Joseph's moving to outskirt is shown as a symbolic death and a new birth; the same can be found in E.M. Remarque's, L. Feuchtwanger's and K. Mann's exile novels. That is why Th. Mann's Joseph can be defined as an emigrant character and Joseph and His Brothers as belonging to the genre periphery of the German exile novel. The tetralogy novels are not thematically related to the events of the 1930s-1940s. But they were a reaction to these events, being created as a "humanistic project". Though Th. Mann used an Old Testament plot he documented the emigrant view in his work, a bearer of which he also was.

На материалах Государственного архива Российской Федерации и Государственного архива Хабаровского края впервые в отечественной историографии исследуется история разработки и последующей реализации проекта организации обороны низовьев и устья р. Амур в 1906-1914 гг. Изучены решения Особого Совещания при СГО и проблемы их практической реализации. Введены в научный оборот и проанализированы данные о визите в 1911 г. в Приамурский военный округ военного министра В.А. Сухомлинова, принятых им в Николаевске решениях об изменении планов строительства Николаевской крепости, характеристике Амурской речной флотилии., This paper continues to present the results of a study devoted to the elaboration and discussion the complex defence project of the Lower Amur and its mouth, prepared by the experts of the War and Navy Ministry, in the Special Consultation of the State Defence Council. It explains the reasons why most part of it was never implemented. Using sources from the NA RF and NAKR, this paper first examines the history of the elaboration and the following implementation of this defence project in 1906-1914. The decisions of the Special Consultation of the State Defence Council and problems of their practical implementation are analysed. Only one part of the project was implemented in 1911. It was the plan of creating the Amur River flotilla. However, it was greatly sequestered by the reason of financial problems. Not only the absence of money inhibited the creating of the ground defence, but also the gaps in regional geography and some debatable issues of fortifications construction. The War Minister of the Russian Empire V.A. Sukhom-linov saw all this during his visit to the Nikolayevsk Fortress in May 1911. He made a conference of all the leaders of the Priamur-skiy Military District, and the plan of the "immobile defence" was curtailed and reconsidered. The slow implementation of this plan continued until the outbreak of World War I and went along with the military-geographical and topographical investigation of the Lower Amur region. The results of it were very useful in the Soviet Union time, on the new level of the defence building in the Russian Far East. Therefore, despite the heavy blunders in the infrastructure organisation, the Amur River flotilla, which already existed by the time of V.A. Sukhomlinov's visit, became the foundation of the Amur defence. The idea of "mobile" defence was so prosperous, that the flotilla not only took an active part in World War II, in the time of the Manchu operation of 1945, but also continues its service today. The archival materials about the complex defence project of the Lower Amur and its mouth, the visit of V.A. Sukhom-linov and decisions that he made in Nikolayevsk about the changes in the building plans of the Nikolayevsk Fortress, the Amur River flotilla assessment and the descriptions of the absence the providing infrastructure are first published.

Рассматриваются основные особенности, связанные с проведением автороведческой экспертизы текстов протокола допроса. Исследуются юридические требования к составлению документов данного жанра и вызванные ими трудности определения границ авторского текста и разделения двух авторов. Рассматриваются стилевые и жанровые особенности протокола допроса и их роль в атрибуции протокола. На основе изучения обширного эмпирического материала разрабатывается методика анализа текстов данного жанра., The paper aims to clarify basic characteristics of interview memo authorship examination. The object of research is the memo of interview and its characteristics that determine the complexity of authorship examination. The paper attempts to develop a procedure for interview memo authorship examination. The paper has an introduction and 5 parts: "The Authorial Text Borders", "Genre and Authorial Traits Demarcation", "Binary Authorship", "Relevant Characteristics System", "Authorship Examination Algorithm". The paper is addressed to those working in the field of forensic linguistics and of problems of authorship examination. The introduction tells about the importance of knowing genre traits for reasoned authorship attribution. The first part familiarizes readers with legal requirements to the form and content of the memo of interview. The basis of the following research is a conclusion that only the descriptive part of the interview memo is authorship analyzable. In the part "Genre and Authorial Traits Demarcation" the most important characteristics of the interview memo genre are described. The third part is devoted to the problem of two authors coexistence in the text of the memo of interview. The first author is the interviewee, the second is the interviewer. Of particular interest is an attempt to distinguish text elements of the two authors. The part "Relevant Characteristics System" is devoted to the analysis of the traditional authorship examination method. It is established that lexical-phraseological, stylistic and syntactical linguistic levels are most appropriate for interview memo authorship examination. The last part of the paper, "Authorship Examination Algorithm", generalizes the results of the research and proposes a series of steps of interview memo authorship examination. In the conclusion the author again speaks about special aspects of interview memo authorship examination and notes a necessity to find a new basis for the analysis of texts of this genre. The paper is illustrated with two tables. The firs table illustrates the essay to distinguish text elements of the first and of the second authors. The second table expresses steps of interview memo authorship examination. The article contains a list of references.

Рассматривается вопрос о редакторской деятельности Ф. Сологуба в издательстве «Всемирная литература» (1918-1924). Подробно освещена работа над «Избранными сочинениями Ги де Мопассана», для которых Сологуб выступил не только как переводчик, но и как редактор, автор примечаний и вступительных статей. Проанализированы принципы, по которым работало издательство, пытаясь изменить саму форму работы переводчиков и редакторов по подготовке книг., The paper discusses the work of F. Sologub in the publishing house "Vsemirnaya literatura", organized in 1918. The aim of this paper is to review the editorial principles of the writer and their changes in the course by cooperation. Sologub's work as editor has not previously been a subject of research; the introductory articles by the writer have not been the subject of a separate study. Using the comparative method, the author traces the evolution of the editorial principles of the writer. In "Vsemirnaya Literatura", Sologub was the editor, compiler, author of commentaries and introductory articles for Izbrannye proizvedeniya G. de Mopassana [Selected Works of G. de Maupassant]. Archival studies showed that Sologub prepared six volumes; however, only two of them were published (Bel Ami, Strong as Death). They became the main research material, along with previously unknown documents (Maupassant's Lunnyi svet i drugie rasskazy [Moonlight and Other Short Stories] from Sologub's private library which preserved marginalia and allowed tracing the process of editing, and the unpublished "Preface" to the two volumes of Rasskazy Mopassana [Short Stories of Maupassant] stored in the archive of the writer). Until 1918 Sologub had written three introductory articles to the books of translations: his own translations of poems by P. Verlaine, the novel translated by An. Chebotarevskaya and a note for Polnoe sobranie sochineniyMopassana [Complete Works of G. de Maupassant]. These brief notes by Sologub about the authors or the works were an expression of the subjective attitude of the writer towards the object, they disclosed his own views on issues raised in the novel or on the work of the author. "Vsemirnaya Literatura" had specific requirements for introductory articles. Instructions sent to the editors are a detailed plan of what the preface should contain and how it should be structured. Sologub wrote his introductory article for Izbrannye proizvedeniya G. de Mopassana following this plan. However, the evolution of the principles of editorial work by Sologub did not satisfy the reviewer of the book, N.O. Lerner. He gave a negative review and pointed to the source in one of the articles -Complete Works of G. de Maupassant in French (ed. by L. Conard). The review of this publication and its comparison with the content of Sologub's introductory articles shows that the informative part of the preface is completely taken from this source. However, when writing articles, Sologub did not abandon his principles of writing. It is most evident in Sologub's article to his translation of the novel Strong as Death. Comparing the introductory articles of the two periods of the writer, i.e. before 1918 and during the existence of "Vsemirnaya Literatura", the author comes to a conclusion that Sologub, who, at first glance, completely changed an approach to work, managed to save his characteristic manner, i.e. expressed his vision of the works by Maupassant at a professional level.

Описываются методологические основания выбора психокоррекционных и психотерапевтических методик для работы с пациентами кардиологического профиля до и после коронарного шунтирования. Исследованы и описаны особенности когнитивно-эмоциональной сферы пациентов с нарушениями по типу «лобного» синдрома. С учетом нейропсихологической симптоматики и специфики эмоционально-волевой сферы данной категории пациентов предложен комплекс методик, базирующийся на техниках и приемах когнитивно-бихевиорального подхода психотерапии и методах программированного обучения больных с «лобным» синдромом Л.С. Цветковой и восстановления планирования речевого высказывания М.К. Шохор-Троцкой. В предлагаемом комплексе выделено три блока по формированию и закреплению определенных психологических навыков: рационально-поведенческий, прогностический, когнитивно-коммуникативный., This article describes the methodological bases of the choice of psychocorrectional and psycho-therapeutic techniques in working with cardiological patients before and after coronary bypass surgery. The features of the cognitive-emotional sphere of patients with frontal lobe syndrome are presented. A clinical psychologist action algorithm for the diagnosis and prevention of behavioral and psycho-emotional disorders in patients preparing for surgery was worked out. The article highlights the "targets" of psychocorrectional exposure with the aim to overcome patients' "frontal" dysfunctions and to restore cognitive functions after coronary bypass surgery. In the paper we present a list of existing and most commonly used therapeutic approaches when working with patients suffering from somatic diseases. The paper describes a number of physiological mechanisms which patients with anxiety or depressive disorders may encounter. To prevent the influence of a negative stress response on the cardiovascular system we suggested to use the problem-oriented approach, in particular, the method of the rational-emotive therapy by A. Ellis. The techniques of this approach, unlike other types of psychotherapy, prevent the patient from coming back to the traumatic situation. The advantages of the rational-behavioral therapy were presented, where the main aim is to change the irrational patient's settings and to produce the optimal behavior during the preparation for the surgery. Taking into account neuropsychological symptoms and the specificity of emotional and volitional aspects of this category of patients, the complex of methods based on techniques and methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches was chosen including the methods of programmed training for patients with frontal lobe syndrome by L.S. Tsvetkova, and the recovery method of verbal planning by M.K. Shokhor-Trotsky. The scheme of psychological support of patients before and after coronary bypass surgery was developed. In the proposed complex we identified 3 blocks allocated for the formation and consolidation of certain psychological skills: rational-behavioral, predictive, and cognitive-communicative. Positive changes in the psychological sphere by using this methodical complex are expected, such as: reducing attention deficiency; enhancing voice and task oriented behavioral activity; reducing anxiety; actualization of time perspective. The complex of psychotherapeutic methods is oriented to improve the quality of life and to form the patient's personal responsibility for the treatment, which could become the basis for the psychological preparation for the surgery and for the rehabilitation in the postoperative period.