Search

This study opens a series of articles on current trends in the development of innovative biotechnologies. They consistently describe the unlimited possibilities of the world of microorganisms - the microcosm, the mechanisms of which humanity can use for creative purposes, control and manage existing biotechnologies, applying them for the benefit of humanity. Adhering to the unshakeable opinion that the Microcosm is not a Warrior, the Microcosm is a worker…

The purpose of the research is to analyze literature data on epizootology, morphology and biology of Thelazia callipaeda, and on clinical signs of thelaziosis.Thelaziosis caused by Th. callipaeda is widespread and not limited to Southeast Asian countries. At the end of the last century, autochtonous infection cases of thelaziosis were noted in Italy, and later the disease was recorded in France, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Romania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Slovakia, Serbia, Turkey, Hungary, Moldova, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, etc. Cases of thelaziosis recorded in the United States of America and the Russian Federation were most likely allochthonous and imported from contaminated areas. In Russia, canine thelaziosis was recorded in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tyumen. It was found that definitive hosts of Th. callipaeda were not only cats, dogs or humans, but also many species of wild animals, namely, gray wolf, red fox, pine marten, hare, wild cat, Iberian wolf, European grey rabbit, beech marten, pine marten, golden jackal, European badger and brown bear. The prevalence of Thelazia infection among populations of wild animals reached 38.1%. The maximum number of helminths found in one animal was 96 specimens. In the life cycle of Th. callipaeda, males of the fruit fly Phortica variegata and Ph. okadai, which can keep Thelazia larvae in their bodies for up to 180 days are involved. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene showed that Th. callipaeda isolated from diseased animals in different countries belonged to haplotype-1, which was common in Europe.

According to various researchers, the prevalence of unruptured cerebral aneurysms (CAs) in the general population varies from 2 to 5 %. In the vast majority of cases, CAs do not have clinical and neurological manifestations and are discovered incidentally during routine neuroimaging studies. CAs can cause intracranial hemorrhage. As a rule, hemorrhages of this type occur in patients aged 40–60 years. It has been established that about 10–15 % of patients die from an aneurysmal hemorrhage before they receive specialized medical care. Recurrent aneurysmal intracranial hemorrhage is the main cause of high mortality and disability in this group of patients. The search for literature sources in the scientific databases PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and eLibrary demonstrated the existence of numerous studies devoted to the study of molecular biology and biophysical mechanisms of formation, growth and rupture of CAs. Combining the results of these studies was the motivation for writing this literature review. The paper reflects in detail the role of inflammation and molecular genetic factors in the growth and rupture of the CAs, and presents the biophysical factors of the rupture of the CAs. The authors pay special attention to the shape, size and coefficient of the CAs as the most important geometric risk factors for the formation and rupture of the CAs. This review presents current data on mathematical modeling of various types of CAs with an assessment of the risk of rupture of the latter, which has found its application in wide clinical practice. The authors also attempted to describe the hemodynamic features in various types of CAs. In turn, the type of blood flow in the CAs cavity largely depends on the size and shape of the latter and the geometry of the carrier artery, which is the basis for preoperative planning and the choice of tactics for surgical treatment of patients with unruptured CAs.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the first time, information is provided on the morphological variability and state of the population of the spotted thicklip loach Triplophysa staruchii (Kessler, 1874) in the Shayan River (Syrdarya basin). Morphobiological analysis was carried out according to the standard scheme with some additions. The variability of 44 plastic and 16 counting signs, size-weight indicators and fatness over time was studied. Statistical processing is carried out by the univariant method and using the analysis of the main components. Based on the analysis of external morphological features and the structure of the digestive system, it was found that the studied fish from the Shayan river belong to the species spotted thicklip loach. Samples of different years are represented by different-sized individuals, which indicates sufficient conditions for reproduction and survival. In 2013 and 2020, there was a deterioration in nutritional conditions, which led to a decrease in size, a decrease in the reserves of abdominal fat and fatness coefficients. However, individual values of fatness indicators vary greatly, which may indicate intraspecific competition for food items. Small values of the coefficient of asymmetry (KA) indicate the stability of individual development. The most likely reason for the decline in the number of spotted thicklip loach in 2022 is that it may be dry in summer due to a significant decrease in water level and an increase in water temperature. Annual fluctuations in precipitation are also characteristic of the natural range, so the probability of survival of the spotted thicklip loach in the Shayan River seems to be high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human made ecological crisis in the basin of Aral Sea has gone strong negative impact to the native fish fauna. The tributaries of the Syrdarya River turned out to be natural shelters for many noncommercial fish species. The objectives of our study were to study morphological variability and assess the state of the dace population inhabiting the Shayan River. Fish for study were caught in 2013 and 2020. Based on the analysis of external signs, the belonging of the fish to the Zeravshan dace species Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt, 1852 was established. Morphological and biological analyzes of fish were carried out according to the widely used method. The variability of 32 plastic and 18 counting traits, size and weight indicators, fatness, fat content, growth and food objects was studied. Differences in the appearance of individuals may be the result of the implementation of different life strategies in a heterogeneous environmental conditions. For the first time, data on morphological variability, growth and nutrition of the Zeravshan dace were obtained for the water bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the samples of 2013 and 2020, individuals of different ages were represented. The limits of body size variability coincide, which indicates sufficient conditions for reproduction and existence. In 2013, the sample was dominated by larger individuals, fatness, intestinal filling and fat content were higher than in 2020. Food objects do not change over the years. The intestines of fish from both samples contain detritus, green algae, aquatic insect larvae, and adults of terrestrial insects (Hymenoptera and Diptera). In 2020, some deterioration of feeding happened, which led to a decrease in the reserves of abdominal fat and body condition coefficients of fish. Also in 2020, the violation of the homeostasis of individual development increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper includes data on the wood-boring species Rhagium inquisitor in the Republic of Moldova. The first mention of the species dated 1964 was from Ivancea. Later, in 2007 the species was collected from Pinus sylvestris in Chisinau. The last records dated 2022 on the territory of the Republic of Moldova are from three new other localities, namely Susleni-Cobaleni, Nisporeni, and Stejareni. CABI considers Rhagium inquisitor a dangerous pest. In the Republic of Moldova, the species was seldom found and only under the bark of dried coniferous trees, consuming and recycling deadwood.

The purpose of the research is study of some reproductive characteristics of the biology of ticks of the family Ixodidae which are widespread in the southeast of the North Caucasus.Materials and methods. In 2000–2010, 9 series of experiments were carried out in the conditions of the plain belt in Dagestan. The first, second, and third series of experiments were intended to find out the duration of the tick searching for a place to fix on the animal, the duration of the skin incised and the proboscis inserted into the wound, and the engorgement duration; and the fourth series was intended to clarify the tick wintering on the animal. Such experiments were performed on two-year-old calf bulls on the Educational and Experimental Farm of the Dagestan State Agrarian University with Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Hyalomma detritum, H. scupense, and H. anatolicum in 2000. Five hungry adult female ticks were placed onto all 5 calf bulls in the middle third of the neck. We conducted experiments on searching for a place for egg-laying, egg-laying duration in the environment, number of eggs in a clutch, duration of the larva formed and the hatching rate, distance of the larvae from the hatching place, and larvae death rate in five specially equipped sites of pastures of 1 m2 . Five adult female ticks of B. annulatus, R. bursa, H. detritum, H. scupense, and H. anatolicum were placed after engorgement in each biological site.Results and discussion. Ixodid ticks perform their natural physiological functions associated with feeding and reproduction with significant time fluctuations. The search for a place to fix on the animal took 4–8 hours; the skin incised and proboscis inserted in the wound took 2–5 hours; the engorgement took 4–6 hours; the search for an egg-laying place took 10– 22 hours; the egg-laying duration in the environment was 18–23 hours; the number of eggs in a clutch was 4–13K; the duration of the larva formed and the hatching rate was 10–15 days and 58.0–75% respectively; the distance of the larva from the hatching place was 0.5–1.5 m; death rate of the larva in captivity was 100%; and the tick wintering on the animal was near the neck, ears, in the dewlap, the flank and the udder. These features are typical for the analyzed tick species in the southeast of the North Caucasus and, probably, for other taxa of these genera.

The materials about 6 species of narrow-winged pyralids of genus Acrobasis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) found in Armenia, are presented below, 5 of which are observed for the first time in the fauna of the Republic. The description and original drawings of male genital apparatus are presented as well. Also there is brief data on the biology, widespread and fodder plants of these moths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information about the I congress of the Russian association of explorers of the Himalaya and Tibet, created in 2019, which was held on November 23-24, 2021 in St. Petersburg, as well as on the interdisciplinary scientific conference “Russian studies of the Himalaya and Tibet – 2021, nature and culture” held within its framework. It is noted that as the result of the event a collection of abstracts “Russian studies of the Himalaya and Tibet, 2021” was published, and a year earlier – the collection of articles about Nepal “Nepal: a view from Russia, 2020”, dedicated to the history, culture and fauna of this region. The article provides statistical data on the members of the Russian association of explorers of the Himalaya and Tibet, the cities and organizations they represent, as well as on the number and subject of reports of the conference “Russian studies of the Himalaya and Tibet – 2021, nature and culture”. The author summarizes key reports’ content, gives data on the members of the association who participated in the conference, and describes the goals and objectives of the association.

Copyright of Continuing Professional Education: Theory & Practice is the property of Continuing Professional Education: Theory & Practice and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the research is to analyze the literature in the Hypodermа bovis morphology and biology, as well as clinical features and advanced techniques for diagnostics, prevention and treatment of hypodermatosis.Results and discussion. Recent studies have allowed for broadening and supplementing current ideas on the hypodermatosis prevention and treatment. Measures implemented in Russia and abroad against hypodermatosis can reduce the incidence and damage from this disease to low rates. Currently, the development of means to control hypodermatosis and a search for advanced diagnostic techniques has been continuing. Hypodectin is now one of the effective and quite safe medicines to treat animals’ skin in case of hypodermatosis. Injection drugs are also effective, particularly, Dermacin, Avermectin, Abamectin, Ivermectin, Novomec and Aversectin.

The purpose of the research: to submit a review of national and foreign literature on biological research of Hymenolepis nana. Materials and methods. Papers on morphology and biology of H. nana (starting from the first discovery of H. nana in 1851 by German parasitologist T. Bilharz until the present moment) written by 26 native and 11 foreign authors served as research material. When analyzing the literature, special attention was paid to the results of the morphological study and development cycle of H. nana taking into account the developmental stages of cestodes. Results and discussion. Specific data on morphology of H. nana and pictures of scolex and proglottids of the dwarf tapeworm using scanning electronic microscopy were provided. Structure of H. nana eggs was described in detail. Most papers are dedicated to the study of biological features of development. Sometimes, H. nana is reproduced by budding (passing through the following development cycle: megalospheres, metamers, invagination, scolexogenesis, larval cysts). Eggs were found in animals’ feces 17-18 days after infestation. H. nana lives in human body for several years, and sometimes 20-38 years. Issues related to the species identity of H. nana and H. fraternal, and mechanisms of transmission and prevalence of infection are discussed. Prevalence of hymenolepiasis in different countries depends not on climate conditions but on the degree of population density. Contamination of hands is an important factor influencing the frequency of hymenolepiasis autoinvasion in patients. The role of rodents as a source of H. nana infection is not essential.

Objective of research: The purpose of the study was to study the phylogeny and evolution of trematodes of the order Schistosomatida (Plathelminthes: Trematoda) - endoparasites of animals and humans. Materials and methods. Samples of adult specimens and 5 larva species were collected and examined: Schistosoma turkestanicum Skryabin, 1913, Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewsky, 1899), Trichobilharzia ocellata (La Valette, 1854), Dendritobilharzia loossi Skryabin, 1924 and Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910. We were exploring their life cycles under both natural and experimental conditions. Adult forms of trematodes were identified by standard methods. The determination of cercariae produced by aquatic mollusks (Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Physidae, Melanoididae) was performed according to the studies. For a comparative analysis of morphological and biological features of the Tricladida turbellarians, we used materials from well-known manuals and monographs. Results and discussion. Based on the original study of morphology, biology, and life cycles of the five species of blood flukes - Schistosoma turkestanicum, Bilharziella polonica, Trichobilharzia ocellata, Dendritobilharzia loossi, Gigantobilharzia acotylea and the analysis of literature data on the phylogeny and evolution of the order Schistosomatida, a hypothesis of the origin of dioecy of schistosomatids was proposed. There is controversy about the phylogeny and evolution of representatives of the families Schistosomatidae and Bilharziellidae - parasites of endothermic vertebrates, including humans. The idea according to which dioecious and hermaphroditic state of flukes is primary and associated with morphological organization of free-living progenitors which the appropriated signs are inherited from. The above-mentioned opinion enables to explain the dioecy of trematodes of the order Schistosomatidae, their phylogeny and evolution.

The article is devoted to the study of possibilities of integrated training with the purpose of forming secondary and higher educational institutions students’ life competencies and studying the goals of sustainable development in classes of Foreign Language (English) and Natural Sciences, in particular, Biology. The concept of Life competence, its structure, which consists of knowledge, attitudes and life skills, is explored; several framework documents that underlie the development of a competence-based approach to learning were studied, among those documents: the Recommendation of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU on “Key Competences for Lifelong Learning”, 2006; Resolution of the UN General Assembly “Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development for the period up to 2030”, 2015; the Report “Global Assessment of Educational Programs for Life Skills Training”, UNICEF, 2012; Guideline “The Cambridge Framework for Life Competencies”, Cambridge, 2018, 2019; “Competence for Life”, Atlas Corps, 2018, methodological materials of the IJPOOH project “Educational policy and peer-to-peer education in New Ukrainian school, and “Competent training, favorable for health, safety, successful socialization and self-realization of personality”, 2018. It is revealed that the optimal variant of the formation of systemic knowledge of youth about the surrounding world, understanding processes and factors of influence on it and consequences for the planet and humanity, i.e. the formation of a system of life competences and understanding of the goals of sustainable development, is through the integration of training courses “Foreign Language” and “Biology”, as well as other related sciences. Some topics are suggested as examples, like “Understanding the Sustainable Development Goals”, “What’s the Link Between Orang-Utans and the Food We Eat?” and others. Examples are given of forms of learning and teaching methods and learning activities, such as team and group work, research, critical thinking, creative writing, working with video clips, playing games, wall-crawl, presentations, peer assessment and others used to ensure the achievement of the set goal. The sources of educational materials and their combination and adaptation to the age and competency levels of the different stages of education have been suggested.

Aim. The article examines the anthropological consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. Results. Deep anthropological shifts under its influence are expressed in particular in the revision of the "human-nature" relationship. The pandemic, in its own way, reminded of the close fit of human into the world of the living. This results in a human's growing attention to his vitality. In particular, it can catalyze the transition of biopower into biopolitics, which can be positively interpreted as a sphere of more or less rational administration of biological existence of a person and society. It would involve monitoring and "soft" regulation of the main population parameters, planning trajectories for improving the quality of human biological functioning and effective forecasting of threats (both external, like a contemporary pandemic, and those, which are associated with this management itself). Scientific novelty. It is shown that a pandemic is a special case of a civilization challenge that is capable to lead to a new format of interaction between human and its biology, rational management of it.

The natural history of newly discovered species among the genus Tylototriton in South-Eastern Asia is poorly known to date, and most of the species are threatened by extinction. The description of their ecology is crucial to determine their survival status and successful reproduction for conservation purposes. In this study, we assessed the microhabitat preferences of Tylototriton yangi at the type locality, Gejiu, Yunnan province, China, with the Visual Encounter Survey method and by using new important materials. The main habitat is located within a humid subtropical climate and is composed of a large karstic mountain containing some patch of secondary mixed forests and plantations such as tomato fields, pepper and cabbage that are surrounded by scrubs, grasses and small ponds. We provided a complete diagnosis with new morphological data analysing ten adult individuals from the type series to establish a formal description which is absent from the first original description. We compared our results with other related taxa of the genus Tylototriton to updated key determinants between similar species. Thus, we analysed the population structure and the behaviour of T. yangi during a period of ten years, 2008–2017, to assess its survival status and to determine the main threat factors. A total of 186 specimens were found during the whole study predicting a small population inhabiting the type locality, Gejiu. Consequently, T. yangi is now regarded as a highly threatened species that need more attention of Chinese authorities and we suggest regarding it as Endangered due to its small distribution range, the low number of adult specimens observed and ongoing exploitation.

The article considers modern species of the genus Elaeagnus L. and life forms of E. orientalis L. in Uzbekistan. There are two types of sympodial (acrosympodial and mesosympodial) growth. Additionally, the origin of the cultivated forms of Russian olive in Central Asia is discussed.

The article considers the indicators of publication activity in 2013-2017 and citation of Russian scientists in the field of biology, mathematics, Geology and mechanics, reflected in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) and the Russian science citation index (RSCI). It is revealed, that due to the minimal representation of Russian journals in the WOS СС and the weak representation of Russian authors in English-language publications, their maximum indices of Hirsch and citation in the WoS CC in the field of biology, mathematics and mechanics are significantly less than the maximum indicators of these indices in the WOS CC system, except geology. At the same time, the maximum citation index for biology in the RSCI exceeds the same indicator for WoS CC twice, for the other three branches of science - 30-90 times. It is stated that the world scientific community is not receiving a significant amount of new information and knowledge created by Russian scientists and experts on the basis of their research.

The first publication about bats in Ukrainian was discovered. It was written by the famous Galician naturalist Ivan Verkhratsky for the Pravda journal in 1869. This work is an evidence that the investigator carried out not only linguistic but also natural history research. The work probably played an important role in the education, development of knowledge, and research on the biology of this little-known group of animals. The article contains important information about morphology, anatomy, ecology, reproduction, behavior, and taxonomy of bats. Besides, it contains unique information about the local fauna, obtained by summarizing of previously published works and original data. The author also made a considerable contribution into development of the Ukrainian scientific zoonymics and proposed Ukrainian names for all genera and species described in his review. Verkhratsky’s data have not only historical value but they are also important for the development of nomenclature, as well as for analysis of fauna long-term changes. He provided important information on the abundance and distribution of species that allows to compare it with current statuses of populations, and analyze values of fauna changes.

Last instar larva and pupa of Lixus pulverulentus (Scopoli, 1763) are described and illustrated for the first time. Larvae and pupae were collected in Rostov Region (Southern Russia) on host plants Cirsium serrulatum and Carduus acanthoides.

Information on the fauna of plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini, subfamily Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) from the Caucasus is summarized. An annotated list of 44 species is completed.

Evaluated were morphological and biological features, inheritance and variability of the principal productivity character of lentil varieties Aurie and Verzuie. The initial breeding material was produced by induced mutagenesis with gamma radiation and individual selection. The varieties Aurie and Verzuie are highly productive, of superior quality and exhibit high resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors.

In this paper, I try to demonstrate how critical empiricism and philosophical reasoning intertwine with each other and affected the development of medicine. It is a case study considering the problems of generation and semen in the writings of Aristotle and Galen via relationship between such concepts as matter, form, movement, change, causes and some others. The main question addressed in the paper is the reason of Galen’s return to Hippocratic paradigm of two-semina (male and female). I argue that the reason is two-fold: 1) Different philosophical reasoning and erroneous understanding of some aspects of Aristotle’s embryological model by Galen. 2) Empirical discoveries, which proved to be wrong. I demonstrate that Galen’s understanding of form/matter relationship, and his view on matter as an underling principle conditioned his understanding of the notion of physical change, that allowed him to speak about conception only as quantitative mixture between equal substrata. Finally, I show that Galen’s view on teleology and his limited understanding of formal/final vs efficient causes and their relationship forced him to claim the inadequacy of Aristotle’s biology and necessitated Galen to introduce emendations in definitions of seminal faculties of genders and reproductive fluids.

Objective of research: To study the species diversity of ticks in the north – eastern part ofUzbekistan: fauna, distribution patterns and ecology.Materials and methods: Research samples were collected with the use of common parasitological methods [2, 3, 4]. Host animals were examined once a decade by collecting parasites from certain groups of farm and wild animals.Results and discussion: 13 species of 6 tick genera discovered during the research period on the territory of the north - easternUzbekistan: Ixodes persulcatus, I. redikorzevi,I. crenulatus, Haemaphusalis caucasica, Boophilus calcaratus, Dermacentor pictus, D. daghestanicus, D. pavlovskyi, Rhipicephalis turanicus, H. asiaticum, H. detritum, H. anatolicum, H. plumbeum turanikum. Species B. salcaratus, H. asiaticum are distributed in all survey areas what confirms their high ecological flexibility. The extensity of infection of livestock with ticks is rather high - 51.3 - 52.3%. The infestation of synanthropic and wild animals ranged from 37.0 to 40.0%.

Objective of research: To study the epizootiology of trematodoses of cattle from dairy cattle farms in the Vologda region; to estimate the anthelmintic efficacy of Fascocide, Helmicide, Oxiclozanide, Albendazole, Fezole, Alben.Materials and methods: A preliminary analysis of veterinary reports of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, the regional Stations on Fight against Diseases in Animals, meat-processing plants and slaughter units, Laboratories of Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise was carried out for the period 2005–2009 according to the Forms «1-Vet» and «5-Vet». Coproovoscopic examinations of cattle were conducted monthly to determine seasonal and age dynamics of infection. Biological features of intermediate hosts were studied by standard methods. Fascocide at the dose of 10 mg a.i./kg, Helmicide — 7,5 g/100 kg, Oxiclozanide — 5,25 mg/kg, Albendazole — 15 mg a.i./kg and Alben — 10 mg a.i./kg were used against fasciolosis and paramphistomosis in cattle under production conditions in dairy farms and complexes of Vologda region.Results and discussion: The rates of trematode infection in various climatic and geographic zones of the region are different. The highest level of infection was registered in the North Eastern and South Eastern zones, and the lowest — in the South Western.Adult cattle are infected with Fasciola hepatica, Paramhistomum cervi and P. ichikawai all year round; the maximum peak of infection is registered in winter and spring seasons. First signs of trematode infection in calves of the first grazing season are observed at the beginning of the pasture season, which is the evidence for the overwintering of helminth larvae in intermediate hosts. Trematode infections manifest commonly as mixed infections.First individuals of Lymnaea truncatula and Planorbis planorbis appear in biotopes in the second decade of May, reaching the maximum number in August. Their infection with trematode parthenites is observed in the period from the first half of June to October; the maximum peak of infection — in August. The most effective preparations for dehelmintization against Fasciola spp. and Paramhistomum spp. are Fascocide, Helmicide and Fezole.

Objective of research: To study monieziasis in cattle from dairy cattle farms in Vologda region.Materials and methods: Basic issues in epizootology, biology, ecology of moniezia and their intermediate hosts were investigated in 2006-2015; measures for treatment and prevention were elaborated.Results and discussion: Moniezia invasion in various climatic and geographic zones of the region manifested in different ways. The highest level of invasion was registered in the Northwestern zone. It was determined that cattle were mostly parasitized by Moniezia expanza, Rudolphi, 1810, M. benedeni, Moniez, 1879, M. autumnalia, Kuznetsov, 1967 where M. benedeni, Moniez, 1879 was dominating.Cattle, which have been grazing already, are infested by moniezia all year round. The maximum intensity of moniezia invasion in the given cattle group was observed in autumn.Along with the increase in invasion intensity, the amount of helminth eggs in faeces from infected animals also increased. First signs of infestation of calves of the first grazing season by moniezia cysticercoids were observed at the beginning of the pasture season due to Oribatei ticks infected with moniezia, which have overwintered. Calves of the current year are mostly infested by moniezia. Tick infestations of different types of pastures is different. According to our data, artificial pastures of the first year application are the safest for grazing. There is a risk to be infested by moniezia on the grazing yards, holding enclosures as well as in feeding rolled bales of hay, which are prepared on unfavorable plots. The most effective preparations for dehelminthization against moniezia are Homicide and Fezol. According to the a.m., the measures for treatment and prevention of cattle cestodosis in Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation have been developed.

The article dwells on the history of a new Institute of Biology and Biomedicine that was established at Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod on the basis of the UNN Faculty of Biology and its biology research institutes. The purpose of the reorganization was to modernize the educational process with a focus on biomedicine and to develop biomedical research. The authors substantiate the strategy for inviting professors from leading universities in the world to give lectures and conduct research at IBBM on part-time basis. The role of visiting scholars in attracting extra-budgetary funding and improving the quality of scientific publications is discussed.

NO is a gaseous signaling redox-active molecule that functions in various eukaryotes. However, its synthesis, turnover, and effects in cells are specific in plants in several aspects. Compared with higher plants, the role of NO in Chlorophyta has not been investigated enough. However, some of the mechanisms for controlling the levels of this signaling molecule have been characterized in model green algae. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NO synthesis is carried out by a dual system of nitrate reductase and NO-forming nitrite reductase. Other mechanisms that might produce NO from nitrite are associated with components of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. In addition, NO formation in some green algae proceeds by an oxidative mechanism similar to that in mammals. The recent discovery of L-arginine-dependent NO synthesis in the colorless alga Polytomella parva suggests the existence of a protein complex with enzyme activities that are similar to animal nitric oxide synthase. This latter finding paves the way for further research into potential members of the NO synthases family in Chlorophyta. Beyond synthesis, the regulatory processes to maintain intracellular NO levels are also an integral part for its function in cells. Members of the truncated hemoglobins family with dioxygenase activity can convert NO to nitrate, as was shown for C. reinhardtii. In addition, the implication of NO reductases in NO scavenging has also been described. Even more intriguing, unlike in animals, the typical NO/cGMP signaling module appears not to be used by green algae. S-nitrosylated glutathione, which is considered the main reservoir for NO, provides NO signals to proteins. In Chlorophyta, protein S-nitrosation is one of the key mechanisms of action of the redox molecule. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art and possible future directions related to the biology of NO in green algae.

Chosenia arbutifolia A. Skvorts. is a relict endemic of the Asian Pacific Coast adapted to flood activity of mountain rivers. The studies were executed in Russia in south and central areas of Magadan Oblast (the flood plains of the rivers Yana, Chelomdzha, Kolyma, Dukcha) and in the south of Primorsky Krai (the river flood plain Partizanka). The range, habitats, research history, and economic value of chosenia are described in the article. The species features of chosenia, distinguishing chosenia from willow are noted. Based on the analysis of biology and ecology of chosenia in the Russian Far East, three types of the species’ life strategies have been distinguished and characterized: 1 – secured anchoring of juveniles in substrate during the colonization of pebble floodplains (up to 3–4 years old); 2 – maximal manifestation of habitat­forming functions during the period of active growth (from 4–5 to 25–30 years); 3 – providing for the species’ advancement onto new pebble deposits (from 25–30 to 70–100 (120) years old). The experience of chosenia introduction in Russia (southern Siberia) and USA (Massachusetts) by sowing seeds and breeding of grafts with growth stimulants was analyzed. Due to ecological plasticity of the species and its specialized habitats, any unwanted chosenia invasions were excluded. Major reasons for the absence of chosenia from street plantings are analyzed and most perspective ways of its introduction are suggested. There are difficulties of the reception of the planting material in sufficient quantities in connection with quick loss germinating ability, high frailty of seedling roots, plants’ inability for vegetative reproduction, high requirement for good drainage and moisture of substratum. An experiment with raising seedlings in stationary capacities with sandy-pebble substrate is essential for a solution of the given problems. These boxes should be placed directly in areas of natural chosenia habitats along the edge of flooded deposits.