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The agriculture is indisputably the basis of the economy of the Republic of Moldova. Philosophically, it would maintain the society, people, and country on the whole. There are few countries in our region having an agrarian potential as high as that of Moldova. In this paper the authors presented a point of view, but a very important one form odern and current world economies to which Moldova tends – the information of the domain. It is obviously that the agricultural information is sought by the authors using the Agricultural Information System and by the content of the agricultural cadastre. The paper tries to answer to the following questions: What does the Agricultural Cadastre represent as an Information System for Moldova? What are the problems and achievements in this important area?

Lucrarea conţine date cu privire la infestarea cu trematode a amfibienilor din familia Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura) care populează ecosistemele naturale şi antropizate ale Codrilor centrali din Republica Moldova. Cercetări helmintologice ale amfibienilor au fost efectuate pentru prima dată în Republica Moldova. Rezultatele obţinute atestă infestarea ranidelor verzi (Rana ridibunda, R. lessonae, R. esculenta) cu trematode din familiile Gorgoderidae (Gorgodera varsoviensis Sinitzin, 1905), Diplodiscidae (Diplodiscus subclavatus Pallas, 1760), Plagiorchiidae (Opisthioglyphe ranae Frohlich, 1791, Haematoloechus variegatus Rudolphi, 1819), Cephalogonimidae (Cephalogonimus retusus Dujardin, 1845) şi Lecithodendriidae (Pleurogenes claviger Rudolphi, 1819, Pleurogenoides medians,Olsson, 1876, Prosotocus confusus Looss, 1894, Candidotrema loossi, Africa, 1930). În lucrare sunt expuse rezultatele ce atestă nivelul de infestare a complexului Pelophylax esculenta cu specii de trematode din familiile Plagiorchiidae şi Cephalogonimidae. Pentru fiecare specie au fost stabilite: încadrarea sistema-tică, sinonimele, gazdele, localizarea organică, răspândirea geografică, etiologia şi ciclul biologic. De asemenea, este specificat volumul materialului colectat, este dată descrierea morfologică a speciilor, indicat nivelul de infestare în funcţie de vârstă, gen şi ecosistem, acestea fiind însoţite de fotografii şi figuri originale. FAUNA OF TREMATODES OF COMPLEX PELOPHYLAX ESCULENTA (AMPHIBIA, ANURA) FROM CENTRAL CODRI FOREST OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA. 1. FAMILIES PLAGIORCHIIDAE, CEPHALOGONIMIDAEThe paper presents data on trematodes infestation in amphibians from family Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura) in natural and anthropized ecosystems of Central Codri forest from the Republic of Moldova. The helminthological researches of amphibians were accomplished for the first time in the Republic of Moldova. As result the infestation of Ranidae family species (Rana ridibunda, R. lessonae, R. esculenta) with trematodes from families Gorgoderidae (Gorgodera varsoviensis Sinitzin, 1905), Diplodiscidae (Diplodiscus subclavatus Pallas, 1760), Plagiorchiidae (Opisthioglyphe ranae Frohlich, 1791, Haematoloechus variegatus Rudolphi, 1819), Cephalogonimidae (Cephalogonimus retusus Dujardin, 1845) and Lecithodendriidae (Pleurogenes claviger Rudolphi, 1819, Pleurogenoides medians,Olsson, 1876, Prosotocus confusus Looss, 1894, Candidotrema loossi, Africa, 1930) was established. In the paper there are presented the resuts regarding the infestation of complex Pelophylax esculenta by the trematode species from families Plagiorchiidae and Cephalogonimidae. For each species there were established: taxonomic status, including synonyms, the hosts, the location in organs, the geographic spreading, etiology and biologic cycle. There are also mentioned the amount of collected material, the morphologic description of the species, original figures and pictures, the level of infestation depending on age, sex and ecosystem.

Competition in the world market in many sectors of economy leads companies to pursue different strategies. One of the business strategies is the efficient use of resources. The most important source of business is the employees who are the human factor. Poor employee performance affects the success of a company or a bank. High employee performance depends on many factors. One of the most important factors that affects an employee’s performance may be the job dissatisfaction. The employees are not satisfied with the work of people in the organizational structure of the company, management style, customer relationship. The research topic is to examine the issue of bank employee satisfaction, providing general information on the research topic. Relevant examples are provided in the paper for the subject of the study and recommendations are given for raising the job satisfaction of the bank’s employees.

In the public administration field, many of the concepts and academic circumstances that are taken into account are perceived as being abstract, complex, and difficult. Considering this, this paper analyses the significant aspects of the vignette, as a methodological instrument in teaching and understanding the utilised theories in the explanation of administrative phenomena. We endorse the idea that the academic format in which the theoretic content is presented, is crucial for understanding a theory. Adequate usage of the vignette in the instructive-educative process can produce measurable and significant changes in the behaviour of the graduates enrolled in the public administration specialisation, this contributes equally, to both knowledge gathering and competence development. The significant value of the instrument is given by the fact that it facilitates the understanding of public administration theory and how it is applied in practical situations, which is derived from the reality of public administration. An example of a vignette and a practical way of its implementation is presented to depict the argument.

The paper presents the traceability of the stages of control, research and diagnosis of the pathogen Plum pox virus that causes diseases on foliage and fruits by manifesting typical symptoms on host plants of the genus Prunus. The researches were carried out in the plum plantation of “Star Agro Grup” Ltd from Ustia village, Dubasari District, extended on an area of 10 ha and structured in 5 sectors. From each sector 10 samples were analyzed, a total of 50 samples. At the diagnostic stage DAS-ELISA method was used. This is a technique often practiced in the phytosanitary field based on the use of polyclonal antibodies, antigen-antibody reaction related to the enzyme-substrate reaction, performed on a solid support (microtiter plate). The final results obtained are presented in a structured way with the exposure of the samples according to the researched sector.

The aim of this paper was to test the Rotfinder® device which use the method of measuring electrical resistances of the wood. Research was conducted in the north of the Eastern Carpathians, in four Norway spruce plots. A total of 1046 healthy standing trees (according with visual inspection) were analyzed. Between 5% and 16% of trees were affected by root rot, the highest values being recorded in the first 5 classes indicated by the Rot-finder® device. The relationship between the value indicated by the Rotfinder® device and the proportion occupied by the root rot in the cross-section of the Norway spruce trees is given by a logarithmic equation. The correlation is very strong and very significant (r = 0.956***). The correlation between the value indicated by the Rotfinder® and the proportion occupied by the root rot in the cross-section have a considerable practical importance because it is possible to estimate the proportion of root rot in the cross-sectional area for different forest areas.

In the context of the concerns regarding the better management of the fundamental natural oaks grove forests of the Republic of Moldova in the future, this paper tries a fundamental approach on assessing the growth in diameter of pedunculate oak stands originating from vegetative regeneration by shoots in the Republic of Moldova. The stands under study are between 65-100 years old, belong to I-V generation of shoot origin, are lo-cated on three phytoclimatic levels and fall into yield classes 3-5. By their composition the stands are both pure and mixed and have a normal consistency (over 0.6). The maximum current growth index, the average growth index and the age at which the curve of the current growth index intersects with the average growth index, which means the peak of growth and economic efficiency of the stand, were evaluated and analyzed. The data did not show a significant difference between growth indices in pure and mixed stands, nor was there a significant variation at the level of physicogeographical areas or phytoclimatic levels. On the other hand, there is a correlation of the growth indices with the yield class of the stand and with the generation of shoot origin The research was carried out in the context of the implementation of the provisions of the development strategy for the forestry sector regarding the improvement, restoration, conservation and ensuring the sustainable development of the national forest estate

From the European research reports on the Future of Europe to the newest fundamental White Paper on a European Communication Policy, a new perception of a transnational identity is crystallized across Europe, as a different multicultural challenge that is no more national and not yet European. That is what we intend to analyze in this study. In this context, the representatives of the European Union have come up with the initiative of some policy and strategy documents with the aim to strengthen communication between EU institutions and EU citizens, in order to clarify the perceptions on citizenship and identity issues across Europe. Thus, the White Paper on a European communication policy issued on 1 February 2006 was the natural sequel to another document published in July 2005 - an Action Plan to Improve Communicating Europe - but also to the involvement of the Commission in the debate regarding the future of Europe, materialised in what would be later called Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate, a plan launched on 13 October 2005. The link between all these debates and initiatives was the Eurobarometer, an unbiased tool of sociological measurement, which fully confirms the communication breakdown between European citizens and the institutions which represent them, but also the legitimacy of some new perspectives which were opened by those programmatic European documents.

This article first presents reflections on the joint work carried out by Michael Cernea and this paper's author over 8-9 years for gaining "room, recognition and resources" within the CGIAR for sociological and socio-anthropological research on farmers, their practices and needs. The status of social research inside the CGIAR has gone through ups and downs in the uphill battle for expanding social research within this organization. Social scientists have constantly worked to feed their findings into the Centers' biophysical research. The paper documents the contribution of Michael Cernea, the first sociologist who acceded to CGIAR's top science and policy bodies, to strengthening the presence and influence of sociological and anthropological knowledge within CGIAR's institutional architecture and scientific products.The second part of this study presents the high promise of Conservation Agriculture (CA) - a new paradigm for non-tillage agricultural production that offers improved productivity and environmental protection. CA principles are universally applicable. The author offers global data on the impressive advances and distribution of CA, which covers already some 125 million ha distributed across all continents and agro-ecologies. CA is a farmer-driven socio-cultural phenomenon which has expanded at a yearly rate of 7 mil. ha during the past decade.

The present paper is based on the idea according to which the present situation of the Romanian agriculture, its development level and the development of rural area in its most part, are largely determined by Romania's agrarian structure. The paper investigates Romania's current agrarian structure by size classes of agricultural holdings, as well as its evolution in almost one century (1921 - the great agrarian reform - 2011) and its implications upon the population's social situation in the rural area.

Recently attention has focused on the role of social researchers in the processes of construction and transmission of knowledge about global poverty and its reduction. This paper examines some of the formative efforts by pioneering social researchers in development institutions to step into the realm of policy making to construct processes for project preparation and management through social analysis. Before 1970 development planners invoked ‘social' or ‘human' factors only as an excuse to explain away project failures - they designed and implemented development projects in the absence of any strategies or regulatory frameworks for managing their social impacts. Recognizing that project investments represent induced change and constitute a social process in themselves, pioneering social researchers constructed policies and procedures to introduce sociological content and method into the project cycle and so re-order social outcomes. Were such constructs merely policy artefacts? Even as the constructs helped to shift the statements of the development discourse towards ‘people oriented' poverty reduction, new modalities appeared which tested the limits of the agreed methods. Institutions may forget, neglect, contest or re-write the documents if in perceived conflict with the institutional ‘core business'. Yet those pioneering efforts created institutional space for, and understanding of, social analysis, with a measure of flow-on international recognition. Tracking social analysis in several international institutions and in a significant emerging economy, China, this paper highlights not only a history full of lessons to be learned where social analysis is not practiced systematically but also outlines some future challenges.

The paper deals with practical realization of efficient lighting system based on LED’s of 80W total power mounted on corridor ceiling total length of which is 120m and substitutes existing traditional lighting system consisting of 29 lighting blocks with 4 fluorescent lamps each of them and summary power 2088W. Realized lighting system is supplied from two photovoltaic panels of power 170W. Generated energy by PV cells is accumulated in two accumulators of 75Ah capacity and from battery by means of specialized convertor is applied to lighting system. Additionally, paper present data measured by digital weather station (solar radiation and UV index), which is mounted near of PV cells and comparative analyze of solar energy with real energy generated by PV cells is done. Measured parameters by digital weather station are stored by computer in on-line mode.

This paper offers a brief presentation of the resettlement conference entitled "Economics, Social Justice, and Ethics in Development-Caused Involuntary Migration" that took place in the Hague from October 4th to 8th, 2010, as part of the broader 15th Metropolis Conference. The focus of the paper is on the contents of this high-level scientific event as well as on the broader concerns animating the community of resettlement researchers, namely the problems of economics, ethics and social justice in involuntary resettlement processes. In this context, the trailblazing contributions of Professor Michael Cernea as well as his enthusiasm and constant encouragement for young researchers are singled out for special attention.

The Canadian-Romanian gold mining project at Roşia Montanǎ in Romania is known as the largest opencast gold mine being planned now in Europe. It involves the displacement of several thousand inhabitants, mostly former gold miners and a smaller number of farmers. The land and houses of more than three quarters of this population have already been acquired by the project owners, although the project has not yet received its formal environmental clearance. The paper analyzes the risks facing the displaced population of Roşia Montană, employing as analytical methodology the Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) model, developed by Michael M. Cernea. The paper argues for an expansion of the IRR model. By taking into account the macro (extralocal) forces that shape displacement and paying closer attention to the micro (subjective) experience of this process, it becomes possible to understand the effects of uncertainty and vulnerability in displacement. The author's participant observations and in-depth interviews with local families are complemented with secondary analyses of data from several other socio-economic surveys and with the analysis of the Resettlement and Relocation Action Plan of the project owners.

The paper starts from the theoretical perspective opened by the culturalist approach, that introduced the so-called break from the end of '50s in cultural studies, and took into consideration the meaning of the concept popular culture not as opposite to that of elite culture or high culture, but as a term which refers to the cultural products, practices and artefacts produced by and for people, also with a special focus on their complex relationship with the political and economic agenda of the period. The research focuses on the popular culture in the communist Romanian society between 1947-1989. The general objective of this larger study was to outline the main aspects of the popular culture in the communist Romania and to identify the popular culture practices and artefacts and their roots. In this paper there will be presented the results regarding the folk culture as a distinct part of the popular culture. I analyzed both the practices of folk culture (what is included in the term of lived culture) and the products and artefacts of folk culture (as a part of the larger concept of lifestyle). Besides this, because these issues have been little explored from this perspective in Romania, I also paid close attention to unanticipated themes that could arise from the empirical research. The method used for accomplishing the objectives of the research was the social biography (in the form of life histories). More exactly, I used the technique of ‘multiple autobiographies', understanding the term in its classic sense, as subjects' narrations about themselves, about their own lives. This method allowed me to obtain ‘subjective' data about the ‘lived culture', and also about the existence, evolution, appropriation, negotiation, resistance or rejection of the popular culture products, which in the end could lead us to outline the situation of popular culture elements in Romania in the communist epoch.

Scientometric analysis based on the time distribution of number of scientifi c papers published by Moldavian scientists in the most prestigious international scientifi c journals as well as on an amount of citations of these papers has been carried out for the time slice 1972 – 2010. The obtained statistical data and their analysis unambiguously showed the unprecedented growth of contribution of Moldavian scientists on a world-wide information process after 2004. This phenomenon is related with new type of science administration due to enactment of “Science Code” and intensifi cation of international scientific cooperation.

The paper Contributions to Cantemirian iconography. An unknown portray of Smaragda-Ecaterina Cantemir-Goliţân is listing the recent investigations and fi ndings that are bringing evidence to the fact that Dimitrie Cantemir and his descendants in Russia were open to Western Europe cultural trends, element confi rmed by the fact that they were inviting masters from France, Italy and other countries European countries to paint their family members portrays. Several paintings were exposed in their residences from Sankt-Petersburg and Moscow. During a visit in 2008 of the „A.S.Puşkin” Fine Arts Museum the authors of the paper indentified an unknown portray of princes Ekaterina Dimitrievna Goliţina [Cantemir] painted in Paris in 1757 by Jean-Marc Nattier (1685-1766).

Within the English common law tradition, there is a principle which prohibits property of the human body. Taking property to be a protean concept, this paper examines how property is defined and applied in recent legal disputes in the United States over "potential life" entities, such as embryos and fetuses. A brief genealogy of theoretical and common law approaches with respect to property of the body highlights an analysis of six U.S. legal cases in which sperm, zygotes, embryos and fetuses have become new legal subjects of property against the background of assisted reproductive technologies. This paper concludes that property can operate not just in order to privatize, commodify and circulate, but in order to bring "potential life" entities closer to people and deeper into relational networks.

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the premises, causes, content, and impact of the 1992 war to defend the independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova, the effect of the Moldovan-Russian Agreement of 21.07.1992 on the principles of peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of Moldova. The paper presents the chronology of historical and geopolitical events related to Bessarabia, annexed in 1812 by the Russian Empire, occupied by the Red Army of the USSR according to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact of August 1939, subject to armed rebellion in 1990-1992, period of disintegration. of the Soviet Union and the self-determination of the Republic of Moldova as a sovereign and independent state. The author refers to the political-legal processes of becoming a sovereign and independent state of the Republic of Moldova, as well as to establishing a criminal, anti-national and separatist regime in the eastern districts of the Republic, supported by the 14th Army of the Russian Federation - the real war against the constitutional order of the Republic of Moldova.

One of the most discussed issues in academia, but also in the discourse of polemologists, political scientists, economists, and specialists in other fields is the issue regarding the impact of the COVID-19 virus on international security. Although all the attention of the international community has been focused on the emergence of the COVID-19 virus and its impact on the individual, society, human and interpersonal relationships, it is worth paying attention to the involvement of international organizations in managing the COVID-19 crisis. This paper aims to highlight the international organizations’ roles and involvement in managing the COVID-19 crisis. The involvement of the United Nations, specifically the UN Security Council, in the management of issues related to the COVID-19 crisis will be examined. The activity of the World Health Organization, the European Union, the North Atlantic Alliance in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic will also be examined.

The fundamental problem research consists in analyzing the geopolitical dimension of the international and regional events during the COVID-19 pandemic that determines the transforming of the European security environment and the process for ensuring the resilience strengthening of the national security of the Republic of Moldova. The COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon can be considered a multidimensional global crisis when the great powers and regional powers’ foreign policy actions had intensified in order to influence the reconfiguration of the geopolitical architecture of the international security system and the security complex structure in different regions of the world. The main idea of this research paper consists in the investigation of the impact of the geopolitical context of the regional security environment during the global pandemic generated by the new type of COVID-19 Coronavirus on the deepening or superficiality of the political-military cooperation relations between the Republic of Moldova and the North Atlantic Alliance. It will further contribute to the elucidation or confusion of the opportunities provided by the Alliance to increase the level of the institutional resilience of the national security of the Republic of Moldova, which needs further substantial support of the West development partners for fortifying the capability and interoperability degree in the national security and defense field, thus discouraging possible menaces and counteracting current risks and threats.

The paper includes the analysis of the election observation activity in the Republic of Moldova. The author draws attention to the issues regarding normative regulation, as well as highlights the main stages in the institutionalization and evolution of observer status. The main problems faced by the observation missions that monitored the elections in the Republic of Moldova were investigated, both based on the experience of national and international missions. The legal framework is analyzed in the light of the provisions of the Electoral Code and the CEC Regulation on the status of observers and their accreditation procedure. The problems detected in the activity of the observers, both those from the civil society and the electoral contestants, are also highlighted. Conclusions are also drawn on the degree of freedom held by observers during election monitoring.

In a general sense, transparency is a tool for monitoring the public administration activity, but also a tool for ensuring good governance. This paper highlights various elements of transparency in public administration, focusing on its often surprising and even paradoxical nature and effects. In this study, we propose a simple and comprehensive model of ensuring transparency in local public administration. We start from the premise that the effects of transparency, defined in terms of tangible impact, depend in practice on how other actors react. Reactions can be of two kinds: indirect – when the media, opposition political parties or voters reveal/acknowledge the abuse of the authorities as a problem; and direct when the authorities make binding decisions in response to a problem.

This paper presents a short survey of the results of elaboration and investigation of novel methods, schemes, and algorithms of synchronous multi-zone space-vector modulation of signals in power electronic converters of electrical energy parameters, focused on improvement of operation efficiency of converter-based transport-oriented electric drives and of photovoltaic power conversion systems, which were published mainly in the two-year period 2019–2020. These methods and algorithms of synchronous pulse-width modulation (PWM) allow providing continuous synchronization and symmetries of waveforms of the converters output voltage, with minimization of undesirable sub-harmonics in spectra of voltage and current, and also with minimization of undesirable common-mode voltage in electric transport systems and in photovoltaic systems, which leads to corresponding loss reduction and efficiency increasing of these systems.

In the Republic of Moldova, the oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) occupies consistent cultivation areas (about 25 % of arable land), which is constantly growing. Trends in agricultural systems from recent decades (intensification and specialization of production), associated with intensive use of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers), irrational land use, non-compliance with crop rotations etc. have led to declining soil quality, biodiversity loss, a significant increase in the incidence of diseases and pests and the vulnerability of agricultural ecosystems to climate change. In order to address the principles of sustainable and ecological agriculture, it is interesting to know in depth the current situation of biotechnologies for sunflower cultivation and the incidence and severity of pathogen attack. This paper reflects the results of analyzes conducted based on farmers’ opinion survey, focused mainly on parameters such as areas cultivated with sunflower, types of cultivated hybrids, geographical distribution of sunflower-specific pathogens, applied agricultural practices etc.

In the present paper, the redox processes in the aquatic environment were studied, by conducting fundamental research and the mechanisms of chemical reactions with the participation of natural oxidizing agents in the presence of transition metals. It is a synthesis of scientific results including a new vision regarding the chemical reactions with one or two electrons transfer, which explains how the free radicals and complex compounds with partial charge transfer are formed. This view includes an explanation for the phenomenon of aggressive free radical generation that “kills” biota, rather than destroying pollutants, and why the intermediate particles resulting from chemical and biochemical processes act much softer.

The research paper presents the results of the study on a stimulatory feeding of bees using natural chitosan polydisperse. It was found that the optimal dose of the natural chitosan polydisperse use is 2.0 ml of 3 % sugar syrup solution/L in bee feed. The use of the chitosan polydisperse in the stimulator feed during the autumn period on replenishment of reserves ensures an increase in immunity and winter hardiness by 15.09 %. During the spring period it increases bee family strength by 59,2 % and honey production by 97,8 % in the absence of a maintenance honey crop, which is more than the control group, or with 12.1 % and 19.2 % respectively – standard.

The general level of democratic, political culture in one country is the important determinant that should be taken into consideration both when analyzing its constitutional order as well as when considering its future shaping and direction. Countries that have had a substantial discontinuity in their historical-democratic development face special challenges when returning to the paths of liberal-democratic constitutionality, perhaps the biggest of which is raising the general level of political culture and(re)building a constitutional, democratic tradition. During this process particular systematic distortions may occur, among others, those regarding the mutual control and influence of the highest state authorities. In the Republic of Serbia, there is a noticeable inconsistency in what is generally perceived by the general public (as well as by the constitutional law scholars) as the level of powers and the authority of the President of the Republic. Constitutional framework is often being interpreted without taking the wider scope of the problem into consideration, which includes the immaturity of the democratic culture. This leads to (apparent) inconsistency between the presidential powers by the Constitution and how they really manifest themselves in reality. In this paper the author analyses Serbian constitutional omissions in this regard and offers possible solutions.

The article reveals the reasons for the lack of coordination functions and horizontal links in the apparatus of public authorities in the Republic of Moldova. The object of the research is a complex of legal and non-legal relations, multiparty, which arise in the initial stages of the formation of unstable organizational structures, linear-functional, of the central public administration bodies. The aim of this paper is to develop methods for streamlining the relationships and structures of the functional matrix at all levels of governance and self-government. Ways to weaken the multiparty factor are proposed by developing self-regulatory organizations of entrepreneurs and delegating them to state functions. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the lack of flexible links and coordination structures between the governing bodies, in the conditions of constant conflicts between party leaders, can lead to problems that call into question the very existence of the state. The author also argues that concrete measures need to be taken in order to combat imperfect legal rules in the form of tightening control over departmental regulation and establishing a permanent review of legislation. Based on the author’s experience in using the various questionnaires and surveys in his monographs, it is proposed, in drafting each new bill, to conduct a content analysis of current regulatory acts in the relevant field or industry and, from a scientific point of view, reach a final decision on whether such a regulatory act can be adopted. It is proposed to formulate at the state level and include in the legislation the various strategic objectives of promoting cooperation in the field of scientific and technological progress and small business.

The reason that led to this paper to be written is to explain the new meanings of the notions of ethics, integrity, responsibility and accountability - in order to hold accountable those involved, directly or indirectly, in sports. Ethics management, “as one of the disciplines of management”, deals with the development of those leadership tools that contribute to the ethical development of an organization, as well as the methods that can be used to determine in which direction organizations should develop. Sport, already considered a notable social phenomenon, requires a real “legalization” able to frame it harmoniously and consciously in the context and rigors of a civilized conduct, of the highest morality, but also of strict legality and responsibility. The author argues that ethical management seeks to improve decision-making processes, procedures and organizational structures, so that the activities of the organization are as closely related to ethical principles

The aim of this paper was to separate the social and behavioral profile of the young population from the eight development regions of Romania. Poll data and statistic methods of variation comparison and factorial analysis allowed us to describe in comparable terms the young population from the development regions. The most differentiating dimensions between the eight regions are those related to the endowment of the young people with ITC goods and to their behavior in their spare time. The paper presents social and behavioral "portraits" of young people in each region.

This paper was presented at a conference organized by Conférence Permanente Européenne de la Probation (CEP) together with the Ministry of Justice of Estonia which took place in Tallinn, on September 27th-29th this year. The title of this conference was 'Unity and Diversity in probation.' This was the reason and the angle of this article: to propose a matrix for the assessment of probation which is relevant to most of the EU countries. The model starts with an assessment focusing on the mission statement. According to these criteria, EU countries could be divided into four main categories: probation services based on promoting alternatives to incarceration model, probation services based on the model of assisting the courts in giving the best sentences, probation services based on the rehabilitation model, probation services based on the public protection model. Evaluating probation services according to these criteria has its strengths and weaknesses. Some of these are presented in this paper.

The paper presents the main results and implementing the scientific concept on the new Public Health in Moldova, including Moldova Public Health Strategy, designing individual health and public health. A special role is attributed to integrated approach of health hazards; mitigation of cardiovascular leading factors risk; important issues underlying the development of new prophylactic vision of the cancer diseases; reduce the impact of radiogenic risk on environmental pollution with radionuclides and public health, and decrease of the risk of environmental pollution by pesticides.

This article explores the 1912 print media in Serbia in their relation to the Balkan Wars, comparing the nationalist topoi with the contemporary age and contemporary national groups. It analyzes the content of several articles printed in papers such as Illustrated War Chronicle (Ilustrovana ratna kronika) and the Serbian newspaper (Srpske novine), juxtaposing their discourse with contemporary Serbian nationalism. The primary sources from 1912 have not been discussed in scholarship, except a few mentions. It shows that after a century since the Balkan Wars has passed, the nationalist discourse has remained more than similar, using the same historical pathos of victimhood and “othering” of the Enemy.

At present, the textile industry is one of the important sources of environmental pollution with toxic compounds. The uncontrolled discharge of contaminant effluents generates negative effects on the environment causing damage to aquatic fauna and flora. This paper aims to examine this type of wastewater and to assess the performance of removing textile pollutants from model systems by applying electrochemical processes after the calculation of the COD values. The obtained results reveal that the systems with direct red dye content (DR81, 50 %) and hydrophilic auxiliary substances have a lower efficiency (94 %) if compared to the model systems that include auxiliaries with hydrophobic properties (94-97 %). In the presence of PDAMDAC flocculant, the efficiency has increased from 93 to 99 % for the electro-flotation method and from 96 to 99 % for electro-flotation/coagulation. Likewise, the flocculant reduces the formation interval of the floaters, increases their size, stability, and sedimentation speed. So, the dose of coagulant has reduced by five times, while the COD values, by two times.

Orobanche cumana Wallr. – a root parasitic weed that causes immense damage to sunflower crop, is a polymorphic species characterized by the existence of a series of biotypes, called physiological races, which differ depending on their ability to parasitize a certain genotype of host plant. The co-evolution host-parasite, as a result of specific gene-for-gene interactions, and the pressure on the broomrape by the continuous introduction of resistant sunflower hybrids favors the periodic emergence of new races of the parasite, which overcome existing resistance genes. This paper gives an overview on the chronology of the evolution of broomrape races in different countries of the world and presents some current analyses on the racial status of O. cumana in a number of sunflower-growing countries, such as China, Turkey, Bulgaria, Serbia, Spain, Ukraine and Romania.

Th e article is dedicated to the analysis of some lieds and choral works written by the composer from Iaşi Vasile Spătărelu on the lyrics of the poet Nichita Stănescu. Th e lieds Short Ballad, Game with Planes and Evening Game, taken from the poet’s debut volume, Meaning of Love, and the choral miniature To... are analyzed in this paper. Th e author focuses on the musical-stylistic language, the compositional aspect and other aspects related to the conceptualization and transposition into music of Stanescu’s works. Th e conclusions refer to the versatility and originality of the compositional approaches that capture the philosophical, deeply lyrical contents of Stanescu’s verb.

The paper proposes to identify what the 19th century brought as novelties in the “life” of toys, seen as items dedicated explicitly to children; I have focused, naturally, on the Romanian case. By correlating the accounts to which I had access, I was able to outline certain evolutions in the manufacture, use, purchase, and characteristics ascribed to toys in that period. I have noted, first of all, the social differentiation in terms of toy consumption.

This text discusses Straja Țării, the Romanian youth organization patronized by King Carol II, and created in the tense social and political atmosphere of the The 1930s. While reinforcing the loyalty to the king, Străjeria aimed for an integral education based on moral values, religious and patriotic feelings, and physical training. Although active for a short time, Straja was one of the main social intervention institutions, with high autonomy during the royal dictatorship, mobilizing considerable human and financial resources. It developed specific mechanisms and tools for youth control, including discipline through physical education leading to the strengthening of the young bodies. The paper analyzes the multiple functions of these mechanisms using archival documents, legislation, and health surveys carried out in that epoch. The research builds on three levels of analysis: the regulation of physical education and public health in interwar Romania (1); the social control of young bodies through Straja Țării (2); the health deficiencies of the young generation (3). The main argument of this article is that Straja has built an overrated national prototype of the vitality of youth, without properly addressing the deficiencies and cleavages of a relatively healthy nation.

During operation of the transformer, the oil in it undergoes profound changes usually referred to as aging. The electrical insulating properties of it deteriorate, and sediments accumulate on the active part, which makes it difficult to remove heat. Inhomogeneous solid formations can induce not only the voltage breakdown, but also impair the parameters such as viscosity and other char-acteristics of the oil, which are important for the reliable operation of the power transformers. Aromatic groups initially is present in the transformer oil composition during the operation of the oil, and because of the aging processes, the concentration of the unsaturated cyclic com-pounds increases. The aim of this work is to develop a new method for the determination of the aromatic compounds and colloidal particles. This goal is achieved using a visual inspection of the transformer oil samples in the visible range. The most significant result of the paper is the establishment of a correlation between the acid number of the transformer oil (KOH), the tan-gent of the dielectric loss angle and the type of oil image under the visible light illumination. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the presented method based on the analy-sis of the scattered and transmitted radiation, makes it possible to determine the presence of the aromatic compounds and colloidal particles in the transformer oil, as well as to define their con-centration and size. This method simplifies the analysis of the transformer oil quality, and re-duces the cost of the research, which is an important factor for the electric power industry.

An integral part of any open-type gas turbine plant is a low-emission combustion chamber, which is usually two-zone and cooled. One of the ways to reduce emission of harmful substanc-es is organizing low-emission low-temperature lean combustion with external heating of compo-nents. This paper investigates the effect of external heating of air and fuel gas on expansion of the lower combustion limit and stable flame position in a single-zone uncooled combustion chamber of a microgas turbine power plant. Stable position of the flame front in combustion chambers of this type mainly depends on the ratio between the average flow rate of the combus-tible-air mixture and the rate of turbulent combustion. This ratio depends on thermal, gas-dynamic, thermochemical and geometric factors. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the possibility of using the relative flow rate as a generalized characteristic. This goal was achieved in processing a large amount of published experimental data and numerical modeling of low-temperature combustion of lean mixtures. The most significant research result is determination of the range of relative flow rate (gk = 0.3…3.5·10-4 kg⁄s∙N), at which it is possible to ensure sta-ble flame position in a single-zone combustion chamber. Significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that using the relative flow rate makes it possible to quickly determine and analyze the geometric and gas-dynamic parameters and characteristics of turbulent combustion in com-bustion chambers of micro-gas turbine power plants.

The paper is focused on the tree crown formation and the choice of rootstock for modern cherry plantations. The investigations regarding the establishment of cherry cultivation systems for high level produc-tivity varieties were carried out in the southern and central fruit growing areas of the Republic of Moldova, in 6 stationary experiments located on common chernozem. The authors studied the influence of the rootstocks Gisela 6, Maxima 14 and Mahaleb on the growth and fructification of cherry varieties Valerii Cikalov, Record, Ferrovia, Kordia, Regina, Stella, Skeena, Bigarreau Burlat, Lapins, Early Star, Samba and Black Star in various combina-tions and analyzed the interaction between the planting distance and crown shape as basic factors that determine the bearing age of fruit trees, the yield and the fruit quality. All the variety-rootstock associations analyzed and tested in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova find in the respective areas favorable pedoclimatic conditions for cultivation. Their share in the new plantations should be chosen according to the main objective pursued, the cultivation system and the technology applied.

The paper presents the results of the laboratory testing of the response of some tomato varieties and lines from the collection of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection to the pathogens Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata. Using the k-mean clustering method it was found that all fungi species manifested a high discriminating capacity of tomato cluster in the seed germination trait. The specificity of more pronounced interaction with Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani pathogens was revealed for the stem and root length traits. A significant influence of fungi Fusarium and Alternaria on the genotypic and phenotypic variability of growth and development of tomato, on coefficients of heritability, genotypic and phenotypic variation and genetic progress was established.

The aim of the study is to reduce electricity consumption in rural milk collection points from the popu-lation. The paper presented a study on milk cooling refrigeration installations used at milk collection points in the Republic of Moldova. The design of the installation and the ratio of its electricity consumption nodes were analyzed. In order to reduce energy consumption, solutions have been proposed to improve the constructive-technological parameters of the electric motors in the refrigeration installations for milk cooling. It was proposed to modernize the asynchronous motors by placing permanent magnets on the rotors, which will increase the efficiency and the power factor of the motor, therefore reducing the consumption of active and reactive energy in the electrical network.

The paper presents the results of the study on the use of the peat-based immunomodulator and the nutritional additive “Stimulcom” for stimulating feeding of bees in the spring. It was found that feeding bees sugar syrup with immunomodulator in doses of 2-6 ml/l stimulates a 0,5-21,51% increase of bee colony power, 1,73-33,02%increase in the number of capped brood and 0.69 -29.9% increase of honey production against the control group. The optimal dose of the immunomodulator is 2 ml/l of sugar syrup, and its use is recommended from the first days of April to the beginning of the main honey flow, one liter per colony once every 6 days. The application of the elaborated procedure ensures the increase of productivity of bee colonies by 29.9%. The use of the nutri-tional additive “Stimulcom” in feeding bees in the spring until the beginning of black locust honey flow ensures an increase in productivity by 4.13%.

The article contains details on technologies for assessing the credibility of information on the Web. Special attention is paid to social networks and to the most important aspects of the distribution of incredible information on the Internet. The paper analyzes the basic features of several tools for verifying the credibility of the Web sources. Given that Web tools mostly check the content of sites, but not whether the Web address of the site is real, Web address verification technologies have been researched. Necessary suggestions were made in checking the site before you start reading the information on the Web.

The paper analyzes the experience of evaluation and organization of research project competitions through the prism of the „State Program 2020–2023” competition held in the Republic of Moldova. The advantages and disadvantages of the two major evaluation methods are highlighted: peer review and bibliometric evaluation, but also alternative ways of evaluating and selecting projects. Taking into account the shortcomings established in the process of organizing national competitions, the author proposes the organization of competitions for research projects in the Republic of Moldova through a combination of bibliometric evaluation and a lottery.

This paper aims to study the degradation and oxidation/mineralization process of cephalexin in model systems using Fenton’s reagent for UV irradiation (λ = 254 nm). The effect of pH (2-11), concentration of H2 O2 (0,34- 34 mg/L) and concentration of Fe(II) (0-28 mg/L) on the degradation of 50 mg/L CPX were investigated. It has been determined optimum conditions for photocatalytic oxidation of CPX. Increasing the amount of H2 O2 plays an inhibitory role in the production of hydroxyl radicals and reduces the process efficiency. This can be attributed to the reaction of excess peroxide with • OH and the formation of HO2 • , which has less oxidizing power compared to free hydroxyl radical. And as the concentration of the catalyst increases to the optimum, the excess of Fe(II) ions reacts with the hydroxyl radical and, therefore, the efficiency of the process also is reduced. Accordingly, the optimum degradation efficiency of 88 % and 83% for COD was obtained under the following conditions: pH 2,5, H2 O2 concentration – 3,4 mg/L, Fe(II) ions concentration – 5,6 mg/L, cephalexin concentration – 50 mg/L, and reaction time – 60 min. Thus, the current study demonstrated that the photo-Fenton reactor can be used effectively as an advanced oxidation treatment unit for degradation of cephalexin under optimized environmental conditions.

Introduction. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections. It is caused by mutations of the WAS gene which encodes the WAS protein (WASp) – a key regulator of actin polymerization in hematopoietic cells. Mutations within the WASp gene result in a wide heterogeneity of clinical disease, ranging from ‘classical WAS’ to mild asymptomatic thrombocytopenia (X-linked thrombocytopenia [XLT]), or congenital neutropenia (X-lined neutropenia [XLN]). Case presentation. This present paper reports a phenotypical and laboratory description of two children diagnosed with WAS and one child diagnosed with XLT. The first case was a six months old male with septicemia, thrombocytopenia, eczema and petechial rash. The second case was a 2 years old boy presenting with complaints of recurrent infections, eczema and thrombocytopenia with small platelet size. The third case was a 16 years old boy who presented with thrombocytopenia and recurrent sinopulmonary infections. Conclusions. Due to a wide spectrum of clinical findings, the diagnosis of WAS/XLT should be considered in any male patient presenting with petechiae, bruises, and congenital or early-onset thrombocytopenia associated with small platelet size.

The article reveals the reasons for the occurrence of various types of corruption and the classification of anti-corruption measures. The object of research is a complex of legal and non-legal relations that arise at the initial stages of the appearance of various forms and varieties of corruption. The purpose of this paper is to study the external and internal factors of the emergence of systemic corruption and to develop proactive methods for its weakening and disappearance at all levels of government and self-government. Ways are proposed to weaken corruption by developing self-regulatory organizations of entrepreneurs and delegating them to certain state functions. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that corruption is a universal property of any state, a property that, potentially, under certain conditions of social life, can lead to the emergence of problems that call into question the very existence of the state. The author also believes that it is necessary to take concrete practical measures in the direction of changing imperfect legal norms in the form of stricter control over departmental regulation and conducting permanent expertise of “anti-corruption”legislation