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In the broadest possible terms, this paper aims at exploring the relation between death and insects in Samuel Beckett with a special emphasis put on the fact that it is insects that form one of the most repetitive and complex animal figures in his oeuvre. Surprisingly, his otherwise desolate and bleak spaces – despite the inherent anthropocentric framework they are founded on – are inhabited by the plethora of nonhuman species. Insects are here no exception; Beckett’s writings are abundant in references to flies, bees, hornets, wasps, or ants. The paper begins with confronting Alain Badiou’s take on Beckett with Rosi Braidotti’s and Giorgio Agamben’s theories, including the anthropological machine. It is argued that, contrary to the human figures condemned to ceaseless agony and torment deprived of the ultimate horizon of death, insects belong entirely to the realm of death in Beckett; in other words, they struggle to breach through the wall of life. In order to prove that, I discuss the unclear ontological status of Worm in The Unnamable. Moreover, the paper reconstructs Moran’s relation to his bees, depicted in Molloy, including his insightful study of the waggle dance and the discovery of their cadavers. Finally, the paper focuses on the logic of a swarm, which Beckett seems to be fascinated with, and the metonymies of insect tropes and technology, whose Thanatic aspects disclose the unsettling connections between humans and nonhumans in Beckett’s works.

The paper focuses on the use of defamiliarization techniques in some works of Russian conceptualist poet Dmitrij Prigov and explores, in particular, how the canonical status of Aleksandr Pushkin and of his “sacred” texts has been challenged and modified by Prigov. He refers to Pushkin in a wide range of works, making use of ostranenie and causing therefore the audience to perceive these famous texts afresh: in one of his signature performance piece Prigov recites the first stanza of Eugene Onegin in various vocal styles; in his “Verses for George” protagonists from the opening lines of well-known Russian poems are replaced by the word dinozavr (dinosaur); and, finally, Prigov rewrites an entire section of Pushkin’s masterpiece in a special samizdat-style book. The paper aims to describe how defamiliarization and permanent distancing from any stereotypes become one of the most important tools of deconstruction and desecration in Prigov’s art.

The aim of this paper is to present LEX.CH.IT, a corpus for micro-diachronic linguistic investigations of Swiss normative acts in Italian. Italian has a peculiar position as an official minority translation language within the Swiss institutional system. Until now, few studies have focused on Swiss legal Italian, but the academic interest has been growing over the last two decades. In order to further expand on research in this field, resources such as corpora are fundamental. This is why LEX.CH.IT has been compiled. This corpus was originally created in the context of a doctoral research project, which will be briefly outlined in this paper. The main goals of the project are to determine whether clarity is a feature of Swiss legislation in Italian, whether there have been relevant evolutions over the last five decades and to assess the role of translation for a clear legislation. In the future, LEX.CH.IT could also be useful for a number of other projects aiming to shed light on the features of this language variety.

Expansion of IT-media in every field of human activity is one of the essential characteristics of modern time. This paper aims at presenting the role of electronic media in teaching translation in the field of law at the University of Osijek, Croatia, and analysing their impact on the motivation of the target group of students in the teaching process. The paper endeavours to provide some insight into the modern teaching practice and to analyse the interconnectedness of the use of electronic media and student motivation rather than to present some empirical research in the field. In the first part of the paper, a theoretical approach to teaching legal translation today is offered. In the main part, teaching legal translation by using modern media is presented on the examples of the Lifelong Learning Programme for Lawyer-Linguists at the Faculty of Law Osijek, and the course on legal translation within the German Language and Literature Studies at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Osijek. The usage of electronic media in translation teaching is discussed with reference to the courses Introduction to the Theory of Legal Translation and Online Translation Tools and EU Vocabulary. Specific types of online materials, translation tools and sources are discussed from the point of view of student motivation. New media are also discussed from the perspective of their efficiency at different stages of translation teaching. In the concluding part, application of modern technologies in teaching legal translation is compared with other teaching methods, approaches and techniques. Finally, the author questions using IT as motivation tools in the higher education teaching discourse and argues for application of “moderate approach” in the teaching of legal translation.

The presented paper provides the alternative options for determining the condition of belt gear based on the testing and monitoring. In order to carry out experimental measurements, a newly developed device for testing, monitoring and diagnostics of belt drives was designed, as well as the possibility of determination of limit states by extreme loads. The designed measuring stand allows to determine the point of destruction of the belt for an extreme load. The main objective of the experimental measurement was to determine the slip of the wedge-shaped belt. The slip was evaluated by the coefficient of belt creeping and the specific belt slip by means of the measuring stand. The measurements on the proposed device can be made when the input speed from the electric motor and the transmitted torque of the belt gear are constant while the tensioning force of the belt drive is changing or the measurements can be made when the tensioning force and input speed of the belt drive are constant and the torsional moment changes. The monitoring of specified parameters for determining the belt gear slip is made by means of sensors located at predetermined locations from which data is processed by a PC. In the paper, the analytical calculation is processed, from which the values are compared with the values measured on the proposed device.

The paper reveals the accounting treatment for hedging against the interest rate risk and the foreign exchange rate risk arising from operations with financial instruments of banks using interest and currency swaps. The economic essence of hedging transactions, the concept and mechanism for the implementation of swap agreements are considered. The article analyses the requirements of IFRS 9 on fair value hedge accounting including qualifying criteria for hedge accounting, hedge effectiveness and ineffectiveness determination, accounting requirements for fair value hedges. The author provides the calculation of the fair value of the floating-for-fixed interest rate swap. The fair value of swaps is measured in terms of bond prices: the fair value is calculated as the difference between the present value of fixed rate bonds of all future periods and the present value of floating-rate bonds for a current period. The results received explain how the change in the fair value of a hedged item is compensated with the reverse change in the fair value of a hedging instrument. The paper covers the accounting practice for fair value hedges of the fixed rate financial liability measured at fair value through profit or loss, with interest rate swap as a hedging instrument. The author introduces the accounting treatment for the fair value hedge of the fixed rate financial liability denominated in foreign currency with the use of currency swap as a hedging instrument. For both hedging procedures any gains or losses on a hedging instrument as well as on a hedged item are recognized in profit or loss. The suggested accounting procedures completely respond to the requirements of IFRS and can be applied by Ukrainian banks.

During the last dеcade the history of the Synodikon of the Оrthodoxy in Medieval Bulgaria has been tackled upon from different points of view. The author of this paper provided substantial evidence proving that the Synodikon of Tsar Boril did not survive in its original form. By the end of the 14th c. the original translation was amended and edited in order to be installed in a canonical-liturgical compilation (archieratikon) that includes texts and services related to the Feast of Orthodoxy. The compilation is kept in the National Library in Palauzov’s collection No 289. Additional information about the different sources of some rubrics of the Synodikon, which do not correspond to its Greek version, was also provided. Recently we have discovered that the text, preserved in a collection of Damasckin type from the beginning of 16th c. (Drinov’s copy) represents indeed a compilation: its first part (the canonical one) contains the translation of the Palaeologan version of the Synodikon, which survived also in a triodion from the Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. The second part of the compilation however coincides with the text of the Synodikon of Tsar Boril with all amendments related to the Bulgarian history – rulers, patriarchs, bishops and nobles. This “Bulgarian” part of the Synodikon includes a series of anathemas against Bogomils, that do not have Greek correspondences and generally repeat the anti-Bogomils anathemas taken from the Letter of Patriarch Kosmas in a simpler language more understandable to the faithful. This paper is tracing the connection between these anathemas and the Anti-Bogomils anathemas in the Discourse of Kosmas the Presbyter against the Bogomils.

This paper proposes a theoretical interpretation of social activism and its role in the practices of forming networked social movements. In today’s information society, the importance of solidarity practices for agents in social networks is increasing. The terms «activism», «online activism», «activism», «communication activism», «media activism», «collectivism» and so on have become widespread. They are used as markers of new practices for shaping social and political activist movements in social networks. However, the issue of social activism is not a sufficiently relevant topic in sociology. Discussions regarding the place and role of social activism in the practices of network social movement formation are more popular than scientific. Technological innovations of the information society have influenced forms of social interaction, communication, and solidarity of different levels of the agency. They transform and create innovative modes of social activism - from networking resources to collaborative activities to art-activism. Social networks are an active dynamic configuration space for various forms of social activism because they contain constantly updated information content created by network community agents in the form of comments, replies, likes, posts, and more. Networks are becoming a practical mechanism for social consolidation amid a crisis of legitimacy and trust in government. There is a shift in the practices of social and political activist movements into the internet space and social networks. The problem of new social movements has become especially relevant in recent years in connection with the proliferation of protest movements in the globalized society, which require relevant theoretical and methodological principles to study them. The paper deals with the consideration of social activism from the standpoint of the theory of the information society of M. Castels, the pragmatic sociology of L. Boltanski and L. Teweno and the theoretical developments of G. Reingold and S. Harrebi.

The relevance of the research. This paper analyses the case of the USA and South Africa and its experiences in the sports sector since the period of apartheid, in an effort to explore the processes necessary to understand the potential sports may hold for peace building. By identifying initiatives of the USA in South Africa at the national, community and individual level of analysis, the paper outlines the possible effects of sports on reconciliation in divided states. Using a comparative historical approach, the connection between race as a cultural and political category rooted in the history of slavery and colonialism, and the development of the nation states was analyzed. It was characterized how each country's differing efforts to establish national unity and other institutional impediments have served, through the nation-building process and into their present systems of state power, to shape and often crystallize categories and divisions of race. The purpose of the research is to experimentally verify the effectiveness of sports as an integral part of the country, influencing culture. Methods of the research. The research methods used in the process of writing the paper involve the use of general scientific and empirical techniques of physical culture and educational sciences based on a systematic approach. In addition, in the process such general research methods as generalization and comparison analyses were used. The results of the research. As a result of the analysis, we have identified the main range of problems arising from globalization processes and a number of measures aimed at raising the level of sports and cultural image of the developed countries in the World society.

The present paper is devoted to the problem of study of the language means of realization of rhetorical strategies of business communication in their correlation with zones of influence of a human being. The business strategies – informative, regulative-directive, argumentative-persuasive, manipulative, of positive self-representation – and their correlation with zones of influence of a human being: rational-logical, volitional, psycho-emotional, moral-axiological, and aesthetic-imagery have been researched. The purpose of the paper is to find out correlations of rhetorical strategies and tactics of business communication and zones of influence of a human being. The object of study is rhetorical strategies and tactics of business communication and their correlations with zones of influence of a human being. The subject of the study is language means of realization of rhetorical strategies and tactics of business communication in their correlations with zones of influence of a human being. The methods applied include rhetorical, contextual, and discourse-analysis, methods of classification and systematization. Business communication is organized on the principles of co-operation and politeness. Its intentional nature molds business genre forms and influences the choice of rhetorical strategies and tactics. Rhetorical strategies and tactics, which are realized in certain language means, correlate with rational-volitional-emotional sphere of a human being. The perspectives of the research are to conduct a rhetorical analysis of the academic communication and to approve the results of the research at practical teaching of academic and business talk to Master students.

The paper is devoted to the method of voting, which is typical for the British Parliament. This method is referred to as “division”, because both Members of Parliament (MPs) and Lords are literally divided into two groups – supporters and opponents of the issue being voted – and cast their vote in special rooms called division lobbies. The author presents the process of such “division” and explains some additional issues related to voting and the rules that are used to determine its final results. The paper also describes successful and failed attempts to change this system that took place at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Using legal and institutional analysis method, the author explains why this system is so persistent, and proves the thesis that despite some minor modifications that have been made to it, one should not expect it to be replaced by some form of electronic voting.

The hereby paper takes up the analysis of the constitutional position of the Finnish parliament Eduskunta from the moment of its establishment and as a result of its development during the centuries, with a special attention paid to the present normative state and on the basis of the hitherto constitutional practice. It aims at deriving the origin and presenting the evolution of this authority at the Finnish lands, which in consequence leads to reliable conclusions in the scope of determining its current constitutional position in the system of the supreme state authorities of Finland. The subject of the paper focuses on the analysis of the beginnings of Eduskunta’s formation and Finnish parliamentarianism, its further evolution, current composition, internal structure, functions and competences presented on the basis of the exegesis of the provisions of the binding basic law of 1999 and the parliament’s rules of procedure. The constitutional principles referring to the parliament and the analysis of Eduskunta’s relations with the other supreme state authorities, which determine the state’s form of government, seem to be of particular significance in this context, as they contribute to a more precise definition of Eduskunta’s constitutional position, as well as to pointing out its originality and dissimilarity regarding other contemporary democratic states.

Introduction and purpose of paper: The aim of this paper was to present diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in management of sinonasal tumors, which are extremely rare. First symptoms are not specific, that is why patients usually present with advanced tumors at the moment of diagnosis. Optimal treatment depends upon extent or stage of disease. State of knowledge: Tumors of nose cavity and paranasal sinuses affecting less than 1 in 100 000 people per year. They are result of abnormal proliferation of variety of structures in the nose. Tumors in sinonasal region grow slowly and may invade local structures, for example the skull base, orbit, or brain. Symptoms of tumors of this region are not specific. This is reason why they are often misdiagnosed by the doctors. Proper detection and diagnostic examination require histopathology examination and imaging test such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Due to type and stage of tumor, the treatment options are surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, used separate or in combination. Summary: Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors are rare, with a wide spectrum of histological differentiation. The accurate diagnosis of tumor plays a significant role influencing the therapeutic conduct and prognosis.

Розроблено метод комплексного аналізу диференціації фоностатистичних структур авторського стилю англійської мови, який ґрунтується на поєднанні трьох статистичних критеріїв: критерію Стьюдента, критерію Колмогорова-Смірнова і критерію хі-квадрат. Поєднання цих критеріїв дає змогу підвищити достовірність диференціації авторських стилів. Для розв'язання задачі диференціації авторських стилів побудовано статистичну модель, яка підвищує достовірність результатів авторської атрибуції тексту. Розроблена програмна система реалізує метод і модель з використанням мови програмування Java, що забезпечує платформонезалежність. Для тестування програми вибрано статті С. Логан і Д. Вебстер з газети "Вільна газета" ("Freedom Paper", papers by S. Logan and D. Webster). Істотні відмінності встановлено за групами носових, дорсальних і велярних фонем за критерієм Стьюдента, за всіма вісьмома групами фонем за критерієм Колмогорова-Смірнова, істотні відмінності встановлено за групами сонорних, щілинних, дорсальних, зімкнених, губних і носових фонем за критерієм хі-квадрат. Поєднання використаних критеріїв дало змогу встановити групу фонем з найбільшою авторорозрізняльною здатністю. Це група дорсальних фонем. За цією групою можна диференціювати тексти різних авторів, що дає змогу змінімізувати кількість груп фонем, за якими здійснюється авторська атрибуція тексту.

This paper examines the notion of ‘moonlighting’, which in industrial relations discourse refers to secondary employment performed in addition to the employee’s main job. As this concept might lend itself to different interpretations in English, the aim of this paper is to consider whether the ambiguous nature of this wording in source texts is also reflected in target texts, exploring how translators deal with it when rendering this concept in other languages. To this end, documents published by international institutions in English and their translations in French, Italian and Spanish were compared and contrasted, investigating the strategies put in place by translators to convey the meaning of “moonlighting” in other languages.

Innovation is the key to the growth of each business in a fast-changing world. Innovations affect financial activities because the successful innovation opens the new markets, gives the opportunity to reduce costs or introduce new products and services with a higher profit margin. Each organization, institution, enterprise or individual can be innovative. Innovations may not be implemented only in large enterprises, but also in medium or small. The aim of this paper is to innovate and optimize the polishing process in production plant with variant production. In this paper case study is used as research method which includes measurements and observation. The paper is focused on five variants of one product. We obtained the required data by measuring in a manufacturing plant in southern India in Madurai. At the end the results are summarized, and the optimization of the polishing process is proposed.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer occurring in the female population. Early diagnosis and appropriately implemented treatment results in high curability. The method of choice is surgery, depending on the extent of the changes, a radical method is used, consisting in complete removal of the mammary gland, or sparing. Additional, complementary methods of treatment are radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Surgery involves interference with tissue continuity and hence scarring. During the procedure, mechanical long pectoral nerve injury may also occur. The paper presents an example of a case study using kinesiotaping as a complementary method of rehabilitation of women after mastectomy with long pectoral nerve damage. The paper analyzes available literature and own experience

This paper tackles the issue of image, with an emphasis on personal image (personal PR). Image was selected as the focal point of this article as, according to the author, it is an indispensable element of media life and functioning in the society. There are numerous definitions of image in both Polish and foreign literature. In his or her definition, each author attempts to incorporate the aspects most important to the world of business and its actors. This paper is centered on distinguishing between such concepts as image, reputation and identity, as well as portrays the evolution of image in time and growing social awareness of the notion, and presents the methodology of building image. This study aims to determine the image of Renata Małgorzata Mauer-Różańsk as it is presented in the national press. The articles referencing the former Olympian analyzed herein were sourced from three nationwide dailies: Fakt, Gazeta Wyborcza and Super Express. The entire material collected and analyses allow to conclude that Renata Małgorzata Mauer-Różańska has a moderately positive image. On the one hand, she is viewed as an authority figure and a walking icon and, on the other, as a person who is withdrawn, afraid to step out of her comfort zone and avoids social media, as well as industry events.

The article discusses the transformation of the Other’s concept in Post-Soviet popular culture, as well as the transformation of perception of “Self” and “Other” due to the emergence of real (state) and cultural borders and demarcations, which appear during the reader-text interaction. The paper explores such novels as M. Galina’s “Autochthony” and “The Little Glusha”, and V. Arenev’s “Gunpowder of the Dragon Bones”, to identify the types of the reader’s comprehension. The readers, in their turn, are divided into groups, which identify “Self” and “Other” in accordance with the division, represented in the novels. The author of the paper explores the version of the time gap (the comprehension of M. Galina’s “The Little Glusha”), as well as the different comprehension of the above-mentioned concepts by Russian and Ukrainian readers, regarding the social and cultural distances between these countries. The presented study explains the awareness of the Other’s concept, as well as recognition of Self, which is represented from the outside of the actual cultural tradition.

Kinesiology taping, called in Poland more and more often dynamic plastering is a method with a very wide application. More and more often this method is noticed among patients. Currently, many studies have been conducted, in which the effectiveness of therapy with the use of tapes for kinesiology taping has been proven. What is more, no harmful effects of this form of therapy have been found. In addition, there is more and more research showing the effectiveness of cathodiology taping as a form of supporting the effects of the main therapy. The paper was written on the basis of review articles and research papers presented in reputable Polish magazines dealing with physiotherapy.

Breast cancer is a disease most often affecting women in the modern world and a huge challenge for modern medicine. "Breast cancer is not a sentence" - such statement is presented by one of the authors of the book position used in this paper. However, considering statistical data, every tenth woman asks herself whether this statement is true due to the highest percentage of cases of this disease among females. There may be many reasons for this situation, but one should also look at them in the lack of awareness of women about breast cancer prevention. Preventive actions are of considerable importance. They allow real recognition of the problem and implementation of activities aimed at reducing the risk of disease. Undoubtedly, some people are not aware of the seriousness of this situation, and the second part wonders what the reason for such a high percentage of cases is. The answer is simple - women do not perform self-examination of breasts, do not participate in preventive examinations and report to the doctor when the cancer process is already advanced. Aim of this paper The aim of this paper was to evaluate knowledge and activities for oncological prevention of women invited for mammography screening as part of the "Population program for early detection of breast cancer". Material and methods The study covered 105 randomly selected women in rural and urban areas of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship aged 50-69 covered by the "Population program for the early detection of breast cancer. The research was conducted in the period from 09/01/2017 to 10/31/2017. The author's questionnaire consisting of 32 questions was used for the research. The research was voluntary and anonymous.For the purpose of this work, the following tests were used for questions on nominal scales for verification of hypotheses: V Kramer (2x3 tables, 4x5 etc.), Phi (2x2 tables) - these are symmetric measures based on chi-square test informing about the strength of dependencies between variables in cross tables. For questions on ordinal scales, Tb - Kendall or Tc tests were used - the first for 2x2 tables, the second 2x3, 4x5 tables, etc. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS program and all relationships are statistically significant when p

Introduction and and purpose of paper: The aim of this paper was to present modern methods of treatment for endometriosis. Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of women that is characterized by the implementation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It affects 7 to 15% of menstruating women, and 35 to 50% of women treated for infertility. State of knowledge: Diagnosis of endometriosis is made on the basis of well-collected gynecological history, clinical examinations and imaging techniques. The golden standard for diagnostics is laparoscopy with subsequent histological examination of the material collected during the procedure. Among the methods of treatment in women with endometriosis, pharmacological and surgical treatment is applied. The pharmacological agents most commonly used in endometriosis are: combined hormonal contraceptives, progestins and anti-progestins, GnRH agonists and antagonists, aromatase inhibitors, Danazol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Pharmacological treatment is only symptomatic, not cytoreductive, therefore, to remove endometriosis lesions, surgery should be performed. There are two ways to perform surgery: laparotomy and laparoscopy. Surgical treatment of endometriosis may be associated with local excision of lesions and sometimes even removal of the entire organ. Treatment should be conducted in consultation with the patient and her wishes. Conservative treatment is most commonly used among women of reproductive age. Summary: The pharmaceutical or surgical treatment require an individual approach and deliberated informed consent of patient. Pharmacological treatment is only symptomatic, not cytoreductive, therefore, to remove endometriosis lesions, surgery should be performed.

Physiotherapy section - physicotherapy successfully applies frequent cryotherapy treatments in many different diseases. The paper presents a review of the literature on the basis of review papers as well as research papers from reputable scientific journals, which have been published over the last few years.

Contemporary world brings people more and more dangers. Creation of the Internet made it even easier to harm other users without consequences. However we still can do something about it. We can learn how to protect ourselves in the network. That is why it is so important to disseminate the main goals of safety management while using Internet. The paper presents main dangers awaiting for network users – both the youngest and the older ones, such as cyberbullying or phishing. The authors also point to the more frequent Internet addiction. The main goal of this paper is to indicate on how the on-line safety management should look like and how people can protect themselves from the dangers, of which they are sometimes even not aware. Children and adults shall be educated about the dangers in the Internet, and how to avoid them. Only then will they know, how to properly manage their on-line safety.

In this study, the focus is placed on the semantic content of several concepts in the language consciousness of Polish and Russian speakers revealed by means of the free associative test. Particular attention is paid to the real content of the concepts bezpieczeństwo and безопасность. The paper reports on the results of the comparative analysis of data obtained by means of a free non-directional associative experiment. The distribution of cognitive characteristics according to the degree of brightness in the structure of the concepts is presented. Special attention is paid to identifying similarities and differences in the semantic content and the semantic volume of the investigated concepts. The examined data, taken from associative dictionaries, allow for describing the dynamics of the process of conceptualization as well as for presenting the peculiarities of both concepts. The paper further discusses the formats of the conceptualization of bezpieczeństwo and безопасность and the language dynamics of the objectification of these formats.

The paper is devoted to a holistic analysis of the scientific-organisational and scientific-didactic activity of the Head of the Institute of Russian and Ukrainian philology, Professor Andrzej Sitarski (2008–2019). In the paper, the author presents her reflections on the status of ego-texts along with their categories. The authorʹs attention is primarily focused on the evaluation of Professor Sitarski’s role in the upbringing of talented linguists, as well as on his personal contribution to the development of Poznań Ukrainian studies. The in-depth analysis is conducted on the basis of the category of memory that is depicted in ego-text genres, including the genre of memoirs-dedications. Professor Sitarski has an outstanding linguistic personality of a bilingual that boils down to particular verbal and nonverbal properties represented through his psychotype – his abilities of the elite linguistic character of a scientist and lecturer of Russian language are distinctive for him.

The paper analyzes works by the Serbian postmodernist writer Milorad Pavić. It attempts to prove that he possesses knowledge of royal art and uses masonic symbols in his writing related to geometry and architecture, including the radiant delta, compass, masonic gloves, and clepsydra. It is assumed that under the influence of these particular ideas, the writer creates the leading image of an architect and the motif of construction as freemasons believe in the Great Architect of the Universe. In the short novel Damascene, according to speculative masonry's beliefs, the building of the church projects the building of a temple in a human soul. M. Pavić, as an architect, creates a structure of every novel, which he identifies with the golden section. This paper finds special symbols of the divine proportion in his prose, including snail’s shells, pyramids, and violins. A dynamic structure as an embodiment of the open work concept and a broad spectrum of themes provide artistic communication with a creative recipient. A reader has an opportunity to choose their own style of reading and solving textual puzzles because Pavić’s prose represents a wide variety of themes, symbols, images, and allusions that embody the secrets of Freemasonry, allowing for various interpretations.

One of the key challenges facing humanity is rapid climate change. The deterioration of the environmental situation is inextricably linked to the development of society, the introduction of modern technologies, and the expansion of business activities. This requires the immediate intervention of government agencies, international and regional organisations, and private entities to address this problem. The issue of environmental management is currently of particular concern and is in the focus of many institutions, including the European Union, which is constantly improving the ways and mechanisms for its regulation. As Ukraine plans to become a member of the EU, harmonisation of our legislation, including in this area, is a prerequisite for integration. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study financial methods of environmental regulation in the EU and to determine the effectiveness of their operation and prospects for adaptation in Ukraine. The following methods were used in writing the article: analysis, synthesis, generalisation, systematisation, and specification. This paper focuses on financial methods, as they are the most effective. It is established that the financial instruments of environmental management regulation include: taxes and fees, emissions trading, compensation for the use of natural resources, bonuses and subsidies, cost of environmental restoration, environmental loans, green investments and encouragement of innovation. For European integration, Ukraine needs to broaden the tax base for environmental taxes. It is also necessary to review the rate of the environmental tax on carbon emissions, which is currently significantly lower than in the EU. Increasing it would allow exporters of goods to the European Union to avoid paying the difference in CIT and use the savings to address environmental issues. In Ukraine, unlike European practice, a significant drawback is that rents for the use of subsoil, water, forest resources, and oil pipelines are not considered environmental taxes and are not used for environmental protection measures. Funding for environmental restoration should be made taking into account all factors of influence for each specific region and the country as a whole. Investments in environmental modernisation can be one of the most effective financial instruments for Ukraine, as they are based on incentives rather than coercion. Thus, environmental management regulation in Ukraine requires reforming financial methods in accordance with the requirements of European legislation.

The article carried out research on the disclosure of the essence of the concept of «customs post-audit» and its legal regulation. The impact of the application of the Kyoto Convention on the customs policy and system of Ukraine is characterized, namely in terms of simplification and reduction of the terms of customs clearance for subjects of foreign economic activity and the use of post-audit methods to control such operations. The problem of covering customs post-audit and control in the legal framework of Ukraine is considered. The classification of documentary verification is presented as one of the forms of using the customs post-audit. A study of theoretical and methodological support and practical application of the customs post-audit as an effective tool for controlling foreign economic entities has been carried out. The main tasks of the customs post-audit are determined, the qualitative implementation of which will contribute to the efficient production of the activities of the customs authorities. The paper presents the basic principles that should be followed by the customs authorities when checking business entities, the application of which will ensure the transparency and efficiency of the customs post-audit.

The emergence of omnichannel is regarded as a direct consequence of digitalization. The first studies of omnichannel occurred in the retail sector, but today there is an increasing interest in omnichannel in other services, such as tourism, the hospitality industry, healthcare, and banking. At the same time, omnichannel has been influenced by digitization and the Internet, which are undergoing rapid changes, so the phenomenon of omnichannel itself is rapidly transforming. The paper determines the main approaches to the omnichannel phenomenon, its characteristic features, and research scopes based on current research. The main approaches to the definition of omnichannel have been systematized and analyzed. Thus, the main definitions of omnichannel in the scientific literature have been given in the aspects of retailing, marketing, management, strategy, and business. Therefore, terminological ambiguity can be observed, which actualizes the relevance of further research on theoretical developments in omnichannel. The creation of seamless and consistent customer experience (СX) through the integration of online and offline channels (digital and physical) at all stages of the consumer journey has been pointed out as a common characteristic of omnichannel. The important scopes inherent in omnichannel, i.e. Channel Integration and Customer Perception, have been distinguished. The main issues within the scope of Channel Integration have been defined as the followings: omnichannel strategies; the dimensions of omnichannel integration from customer and company viewpoints; the Integration Quality of Channels; the dimensions of omnichannel integration from both customer and company viewpoints. The main issues within the scope of Customer Perception have been defined as the followings: the determinants / factors influencing seamless CX and consumers’ behavior; the factors influenced by a seamless CX and channel integration; the omnichannel-capable measurement of CX; the dimensions of a seamless CX.

The article examines the mechanisms of public management of higher education in Ukraine and their implementation. The true nature of the «mechanism of public management» category is revealed, this is a necessary prerequisite for increasing the efficiency of public management mechanisms. Established mechanisms of public management of education modernization contribute to a coherent and rational approach to the management of processes of reform and renewal of the educational sector of Ukraine. The article analyzes the various mechanisms used by the government to regulate and supervise institutions of higher education. Also, the mechanisms of public management are characterized in different ways. These mechanisms include policy formulation, legislative framework, accreditation processes, quality assurance mechanisms and financial support mechanisms. The methods of managing the development of higher education applied by the government should have a significant impact on improving the quality of educational services in Ukraine. Each mechanism of public management has its own character and should be considered as a set of generally accepted management methods. The true nature and functionality of the education system is best revealed by a systemic approach. Various mechanisms are distinguished by the nature of influence, such as political, organizational, legal, economic and social. Effective management of the higher education system is crucial for the development of the country's education sector. The paper also examines the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders, including government agencies, universities, teachers and students, in shaping and implementing policy and practice in the higher education system. In addition, it discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with public management of higher education, such as ensuring accessibility, promoting excellence, promoting research and innovation, and matching education with labor market demands. The article emphasizes the importance of a well-functioning governance system to foster a competitive and internationally recognized higher education sector in Ukraine.

Last three years has brought numerous challenges to educators at various levels, and in the same time dynamic progress in dissemination of the teaching technologies. These resulted in the increase in knowledge on the remote and hybrid teaching process yet revealed research gaps unrecognized before. The paper presents the research aiming to fill in the research gap by recognizing problems perceived by educators and emerging from online and hybrid teaching. The problems were recognized thanks to international-range research within HOTSUP project. The list includes infrastructural, technical, technological and methodological problems that were addressed in the further stages of the project.

The study described in this paper is focused on the attempt to determine the optimal time that should be devoted to introductory instructions provided in immersive virtual reality (IVR) in order to use the time dedicated to the entire training process in the most effective way possible. It was assumed that instruction efficiency would be determined by the number of mistakes committed and the time taken to successfully accomplish the test task intended to examine the course participants’ ability to use the IVR application and to apply theoretical knowledge in IVR-based practical exercises. To conduct the planned study, it was assumed that there is an optimal time that is worth devoting to instructions in IVR, and that exceeding this time does not yield any further measurable effects in the form of a significantly reduced number of mistakes committed and shortened time taken to successfully accomplish the test task. The study was conducted during VR training courses.

In a world of increasingly advanced technology and market turbulence caused by geopolitical turmoil and the spread of diseases of affluence, there is a growing need to adapt products and services to current market requirements in response to consumer expectations. The need to find its place in a constantly changing further and closer business environment has been also recognized in the agri-food sector. Consumers, looking for alternatives to industrially produced food and wanting to improve their well-being, have in mind, above all, not only the health quality of the food but also the absence of physical and chemical contaminants, and therefore, they are increasingly inclined to purchase organic food products. Under these circumstances, many Polish enterprises that choose this type of production are looking for solutions that allow them to respond quickly to changing consumer expectations. This paper first critically analyzes the scientific literature by compiling publications on aspects of enterprise agility to analyze issues related to quality assurance and its improvement as a manifestation of meeting customer expectations. This allowed for the identification of the research gap and formulation of the research objective, i.e. the assessment of the quality improvement activities as important problems of agility in Polish organic food processing. The main part of the empirical research was conducted in 2021-2022 using a questionnaire dedicated to entities involved in organic food production. The research was comprehensive in nature. The questionnaire was distributed to the entire population surveyed whereas the amount of the results leads to the conclusion that the sample is representative. Statistical analysis and inference were carried out using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA-Kruskal-Wallis, and U-Mann-Whitney tests.

This paper explores the concept of legal translation as a Third Space through the lens of the ‘multilingual’ Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ). In many ways legal translation at that Court fits readily with the characterisation of translation as a Third Space. Due to complex internal production processes the ECJ produces texts which are undoubtedly hybrid in nature, and which exhibit distinctive features on a lexical and textual level marking them out as a product of cross-fertilisation of influences from source and target languages and legal cultures. Even the teleological approach taken towards legal reasoning at the ECJ occupies a space outside the strict confines of the texts involved. Both the processes and the product of the ECJ’s language system appear to bear all the hallmarks of translation as a Third Space. However, translation at the ECJ also challenges the concept of a Third Space. The prevailing definitions of translation as a Third Space fail to effectively conceptualise additional nuances of the specific nature of drafting and the complex nature of translation at the ECJ. This paper uses original empirical data to demonstrate that translation at the ECJ places constraints on the undefined, vague and fluid nature of the Third Space, warping the forces at work within that space. In this regard, rather than an amorphous space, the Third Space is better thought of as a determinate area which is delimited by elements of translation process which constrain it. This adapted framing of the Third Space can consequently be used to better understand and illustrate the dynamics at play in other areas of legal translation where the current concept of the Third Space is equally inadequate for encompassing the specific nature of translation practices which impact on that space-in-between.

The subject of the paper is the US investment and development assistance policy for Kenya in the second decade of the 21st century. The first section of the paper discusses the investments of American enterprises in Kenya, as well as the programs of the governments of Kenya and the US, which are to improve investment conditions in this country. The second section discusses the development support provided by the US government agencies for Kenya and its residents. The main research questions are whether the level of US investment and development support was significant, and what are the prospects for cooperation in these areas in the future? The main thesis of the paper assumes that in the past decade investment and development cooperation between the US and Kenya was at a relatively high level, but its possibilities are much greater. In the coming years, Kenya might increase its position as one of the most important US economic partners in Africa, including in investment and development assistance.

The effects of emotions on the military personnel are as important as the techniques used in the tactical field. Therefore, psychological features should also be considered in military training and education process to enable the cadets - future officers to manage stressful situations. The aim of the paper is to analyze the effects of emotional states on the training of the cadets in the Military Lyceum. The significance of the psychological health of the cadets in their training has been discussed. The types of emotional states observed in the cadets, like mood, affect, stress and frustration have been scrutinized. At the same time, positive and negative impacts of various emotional states on the training of the cadets have been studied. The ways for preventing the negative emotional states have been examined. The paper is concluded with the recommendations on the stated problem in order to further increase the efficiency of the training in the Military Lyceum.

Names of Snakes in Latvian Texts of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries This article analyses the naming of snakes in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Latvian texts which are taken from the Corpus of Early Written Latvian Texts, containing the first Latvian dictionaries, religious texts, and some secular texts. The objective of the paper is to try to determine how precisely the translators of religious texts rendered names of snakes, and to ascertain whether any semantic changes have taken place, or whether religious texts show specific use. The study also aims to find out if taboo of dangerous animals, snakes in particular, and related euphemisation is reflected in early Latvian texts. The paper focuses on four Latvian words: čūska, odze, zalktis, and tārps; two of them, odze and zalktis, from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries until present time, have undergone significant semantic changes, probably because of euphemisation triggered by taboo. Comparison with the Lithuanian language allows to conclude that such usage, different from Modern Latvian, is neither specificity of old texts, nor incompetence of translators, but rather historical language facts. It is also established that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries animals as well as plants were not so strictly separated in peoples’ minds, the borders between their names were more fluid, therefore any of snakes’ names could be attributed to any snake species in Latvia. Nazwy węży w szesnasto- i siedemnastowiecznych tekstach łotewskich Niniejszy artykuł analizuje nazwy węży w szesnasto- i siedemnastowiecznych tekstach łotewskich, pochodzących z korpusu wczesnego piśmiennictwa łotewskiego, zawierającego pierwsze łotewskie słowniki, teksty religijne i świeckie. Autorka podejmuje próbę ustalenia, jak dokładnie tłumacze tekstów religijnych przekładali nazwy węży, oraz wyjaśnienia, czy zachodziły w tym zakresie zmiany semantyczne i czy teksty religijne zawierają specyficzne użycia. Artykuł ma również na celu ustalenie, czy tabu w odniesieniu do groźnych zwierząt, zwłaszcza węży, i związana z nim eufemizacja znajdują odzwierciedlenie we wczesnych tekstach łotewskich. Analiza skupia się na czterech łotewskich leksemach: čūska, odze, zalktis i tārps. W okresie od XVI i XVII wieku do czasów współczesnych, dwa z nich, odze i zalktis, uległy znacznym zmianom semantycznym, prawdopodobnie wywołanym eufemizacją wynikającą z tabu. Porównanie z językiem litewskim pozwala stwierdzić, że takie użycie, odmienne niż we współczesnej łotewszczyźnie, nie wynika ze specyfiki wczesnych tekstów łotewskich ani z braku kompetencji tłumaczy, lecz z historii języka. Jak wykazano, w XVI i XVII wieku poszczególne zwierzęta i rośliny nie były tak mocno wyodrębnione w ludzkiej świadomości, granice pomiędzy ich nazwami były bardziej płynne, a zatem wszystkie omawiane nazwy można przypisać wszystkim gatunkom węży występującym na Łotwie.

This paper presents the results of the authors’ study of the perception of Ancient Chinese philosophy in the Ukrainian philosophy of the Soviet period in the second half of the 20th century. The study is based on a unique source: a monograph by two authoritative and influential Soviet philosophers, Volodymyr Dmytrychenko and Volodymyr Shynkaruk, which was published in Ukrainian in 1958. The authors described the way of perception of Ancient Chinese philosophy, its ideological principles, main problems and key personalities in the Ukrainian philosophy of the Soviet period, and systematically presented them. The paper presents the authors’ conclusions about the leading theoretical positions and methodology of the history of philosophy in the Ukrainian philosophical culture of the Soviet period. The authors concluded that the peculiarity of the development of studies in the history of philosophy in Ukraine in the Soviet era is a departure from Hegel’s theory of the history of philosophy, the main theoretical and methodological shortcoming of which is “Eurocentrism”. This circumstance allows us to assert a critical rethinking of Hegel’s theory of the history of philosophy in the Ukrainian philosophical culture of the Soviet period of the second half of the 20th century. Also, in this paper, the authors prove the point of view that a comparative approach and reception studies are effective methods of studying the history of Ukrainian philosophy of the Soviet period.

The purpose of this paper is to present the description of Woland as one of the main characters of the novel by Bulgakov 'The Master and Margarita', after gaining experience connected with the work on a new translation of this book. The study was conducted on the basis of an in‑depth analysis of the text. The author distinguishes the roles in which Woland appears in relationships with other characters, as well as mental and physical transformations which he undergoes. A lot of remarks concern the changes in stylistic register of his utterances. Moreover, the analysis includes numerous names, which the narrator himself uses in reference to the character. Finally, analogies with other authors are presented (Goethe, Gogol, Poe). The paper is an attempt at reconstructing the viewpoint represented by Woland, including the multitude of elements referring to particular philosophical, political and ethical doctrines. It all leads to the conclusion that Bulgakov’s devil is a multidimensional and ambiguos character, which doesn’t conform to any traditions and explicit interpretations.

The author of the paper indicates several aspects which connect the texts describing the battle of Khotyn in 1673. Epical attempts at showing those events complied with the epical model known as ‘native heroicum’, which was popular on Polish lands in those days. According to this model, the primary rule of verismo was combined with attempts at making narration more attractive. Some of them have been described in this paper. Moreover, the author discussed the method of depicting Tatar‑Turkish armies in the works, paying attention to their abundance. The exemplary material was derived, above all, from voluminous poems by Jan Ślizień, Mateusz Kuligowski, Samuel Leszczyński and Zbigniew Morsztyn.

The paper is dedicated to the volume of poems by Jerzy Harasymowicz, entitled 'Banderia Prutenorum' (1976). The author explores the dependence of this volume on a work of the same title, which was released in mid-15th century through the initiative of Jan Długosz. The medieval manuscript contains illustrations and short descriptions of 56 Teutonic flags captured by Polish troops in the battle of Grunwald (1410). The author of these pictures was Stanisław Durink, while the descriptions were made by Jan Długosz, among other authors. Using the illustrations of Teutonic flags from the medieval model, Harasymowicz added his own poems, showing in bad light particular troops (flags) of the Teutonic Order, as well as their great defeat in the battle against Polish‑Lithuanian forces. The author of the paper analyses the ideological‑persuasive meaning of these poems, as well as their language and depiction.

In 1982, the Yugoslav film magazine Filmske Sveske published a themed issue titled The Left-Wing Theory, including the texts of French Marxist film theorists, focused on the interrelationship of film and technology – the body of work known as “apparatus theory” (Jean-Louis Baudry, Jean Comolli, Jean-Louis Narboni). This paper considers Yugoslav experimental cinema as politically engaged art and examines the extent to which it is theoretically grounded in the Western theory of experimental cinema. I propose a performative model of the concept of “engaged art” advanced by Yugoslav aestheticians Sreten Petrović and Danko Grlić. Moreover, following the typological classifications of experimental film and the understanding of cinema as a political practice (Malcolm Le Grice, Nicole Brenez, Jean Comolli, and Jean-Louis Narboni) and focusing on the works of Mihovil Pansini, Nikola Đurić, and Svetolik Novaković, this paper seeks to revise the categorisation of Yugoslav experimental cinema practices recognising technology as the key factor of the filmmaking process. The central objective of this article is to juxtapose the experimental film theories and practices of the democratic, capitalist West and those of socialist Yugoslavia, hoping that the results of this parallel reading might open up further research prospects.

The research paper presents the results of the analysis of scientific sources on theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the range of problems. The essence and specifics of professional communicative activities of pharmacists are determined, their professional communicative qualities and abilities, as well as psychological characteristics of a person, which form the communicative competence of the pharmacist are described. Theoretical and experimental approaches to the determination of the problem have been clarified. It is emphasized that the communicative competence of a pharmacist is a professionally significant quality, since his professional activities involves communication: with patients, their relatives, doctors. It is noted that the professional communicative qualities of pharmacists constitute a psychological portrait of future pharmacists. The content and structure of communicative competence is determined. It is noted that the components of professional communicative competence of future pharmacists are the motivational, cognitive and professional communicative components that play the role of criteria for its development. The basic conditions for the formation of the communicative competence of the future pharmaceutical worker are determined. It is stated that among professionally significant psychological characteristics of the personality of a pharmaceutical worker, we can single out the ability to communicate, establish and develop relationships with other people, emotional stability, balance in the absence of impulsivity, excessive emotional expressiveness, the ability to «read» non-verbal language and use it in professional activities, communicative tolerance, sensitivity to deviation (neglect). The parameters of paralinguistic communication that are professionally important for a pharmaceutical worker and the peculiarities of using the means of non-verbal communication in their professional activities are outlined in the research paper

Objectives This paper presents an effort of the public institutions analysis that fulfil the state obligations in terms of civic security and safety. The public institutions are expected to provide citizens an opportunity to construct their private life spheres according to the individual safety standards taking also into consideration other types of security. Material and methods Therefore selected theoretical concepts concerning safety perception have been analysed. Also there are some results of the social research concerning the safety problems presented in the paper. Results The research was conducted on the representative sample of the adult inhabitants of Poland as well as representatives of the selected professional cohort. Conclusions Conclusion along with the literature critique allowed to define the parameters of the safety and security perception as well as the place of safety in a value hierarchy of a member of the contemporary Polish society.

One of the most important problems occurring while designing public transport vehicles consists in providing an effective control of the door opening systems. The methods of carrying out the investigations presented in the paper include structural and kinematic analysis of the door opening mechanisms and simulation of their operation in applied software. The paper analyses the design and operational peculiarities of the turning-and-shunting mechanism of door opening of electric public transport. The corresponding design of the mechanism is proposed. It is suggested to be driven by pneumatic drive. The simplified diagram of the mechanism is constructed. Structural and kinematic analysis of the mechanism is performed, and the analytical dependencies for describing the motion of its links during the door opening/closing are derived. The main kinematic parameters of the studied mechanism are investigated on the basis of the derived analytical dependencies in MathCAD software, as well as by means of simulating the motion of the solid-state model of the mechanism designed in SolidWorks software. The conclusions about the agreement of the results of theoretical investigations performed on the basis of numerical solving the obtained motion equations and of the virtual experiment (motion simulation in SolidWorks software) are drawn. The analysis of energy efficiency of the investigated turning-and-shunting door opening mechanism of electric public transport is carried out. Prescribing the resistance force acting on the door leaf and calculating the corresponding door motion speed during its closing, the dependency of the nominal power supply of the mechanism drive as a function of corresponding generalized coordinates was deduced. Analyzing the obtained results, the authors have established that the necessary nominal power of the turning-and-shunting mechanism drive is almost twice larger than the necessary nominal power of the widely used leaning-and-shunting mechanism. Further investigations on the subject of the paper can be performed in the direction of developing different control systems providing safe and reliable operation of the considered door opening mechanism driven be electric and pneumatic actuators.

The researcher presents the findings of the phenomenographical research carried out in 2017 and 2018 with respect to various ways of understanding of the phenomenon of competencies. Individual reconstructions of experiences of adult educators led to the conclusion that is outlined in the paper. The categories of understanding reflect the meaning of the phenomenon “competences” as understood by 20 adult educators representing a wide spectrum of ages, branches and experience. The paper is partly based on a doctoral dissertation of the author.

Based both on internal and external evaluation results, teacher training programmes invariably stress the need for skills which would allow them to tackle various problems occurring in educational institutions. The most serious of these issues pertain to the psychosocial functioning of students and teachers at school. The latter frequently experience stress, disappointment, and work overload, if they concentrate on problems. This paper proposes a new method of teacher training pursuant to the Solution-Focused Approach. The role of the student, the teacher, and their mutual relationship changes as this approach puts emphasis on the resources and accomplishments of both. The paper presents the possibilities of applying the Solution-Focused Approach to the professional development of teachers as well as to the educational process. It also summarises the results of a survey on teachers’ attitude towards work and self-development in two aspects: problem-solving and solution-seeking approach.

Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz Ukranian Scientific Research Institute of Transport Medicine in Odesa Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica University in Debrecen National University Physical Education and Sport in Kijev National Physical Culture University in Lviv Radom University in Radom ISSN 2391-8306 Formerly ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X Journal of Education, Health and Sport formerly Journal of Health Sciences http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/index formerly www.journal.rsw.edu.pl https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=49068 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=36616 http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467 Open Access From 2011 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). Indexed in Index Copernicus Journals Master List. ICV 2017 = 91,30; ICV 2016 = 84,69; ICV 2015: = 93.34 IC Value 2014: 89.51 Standardized Value: 8.27 http://jml2012.indexcopernicus.com/Journal+of+Education+Health+and+Sport,p24782242,3.html Universal Impact Factor 1.78 for year 2012. (http://www.uifactor.org/AppliedJournals.aspx) Indexed in Polish Scholarly Bibliography (PBN) (PBN Polska Bibliografia Naukowa) (https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/journals/36616) is a portal of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, collecting information on publications of Polish scientists and on Polish and foreign scholarly journals. Polish Scholarly Bibliograhpy is a part of POL-on - System of Information on Higher Education. It is operated by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw. Indexed in Russian Sciences Index Российский индекс научного цитирования (РИНЦ) http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467 Indexed in Arianta Polish scientific and professional electronic journals Aneta Drabek i Arkadiusz Pulikowski http://www.arianta.pl Scientific Editorial Board prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Zygmunt Babiński, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-0735 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602797069 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Jan Falkowski, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-6342 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7003994098 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Mikhail Grodzynskyi, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6461-6531 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6504619317 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Oleksandr Obodovskyi, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-3222 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57191194234 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Anatolii Melnik, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-9539 SCOPUS Author ID: prof. zw. dr hab. med. Anatolii Gozhenko, Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-4173 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7003312894 dr hab. med. Olena Gozhenko, Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-6931 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6507740608 prof. zw. dr hab. Igor Grygus, Department Human Health & Physiotherapy, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-8514 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57202023065 prof. zw. dr hab. med. Wojciech Hagner, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-2654 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6603051253 Web of Science Reseacher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/F-4173-2014 dr hab. n. o zdr. M. Hagner-Derengowska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-7624 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=24076007000 Web of Science Reseacher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/J-4465-2014 prof. zw. dr hab. med. Dorota Karwat, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Lublin, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-6052 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8972943500 dr med. Emilia Mikolajewska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-8307 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36925548600 prof. zw. dr hab. med. Leonid Shafran, Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-4266 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7004083058 prof. zw. dr hab. Serhii Iermakov, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Kharkov National Pedagogical University, Ukraine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-4517 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57131412000 Web of Science Reseacher ID:RCID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-1267-2014 Professor, Ph.D., Lochbaum Marc Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-7075 SCOPUS Author ID: ScopusAuthorIDhttps://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602281694 Web of Science Reseacher ID: ResearcherIDhttp://www.researcherid.com/rid/H-8914-2017 prof. PaedDr. Pavol Bartik, Faculty of Phylosophy, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Matej Bel Univesity, Slovakia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-4173 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55199042400 doc. PaedDr. Elena Bendíková, Faculty of Phylosophy, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-0190 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56818951000 dr hab. Krzysztof Buśko, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-3502 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56067031300 prof. PaedDr. Vlastimila Karaskova, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc, Chech Republic, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-9942 SCOPUS Author ID: dr hab. Radosław Muszkieta, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-1583 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=41361652900 dr hab. Marek Napierała, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-675X SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57197789318 dr hab. Krzytsztof Prusik, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Academy of Physical Education, Gdansk, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-675X SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57191243894 dr hab. Mariusz Zasada, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3941-7455 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=23013127200 dr hab. Walery Zukow, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-6117 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=37066777800 Web of Science Reseacher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-6668-2013 dr Daves Sinch, India University, Delhi, Republic of India, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-2499 SCOPUS Author ID: Editorial Advisory Board Stefan Adamcak (Slovakia), Pavol Bartik (Slovakia), Elena Bendikova (Czech Republic), Janusz Bielski (Poland), Krzysztof Buśko (Poland), Mirosława Cieślicka (Poland), Jerzy Eksterowicz (Poland), Włodzimierz Erdmann (Poland), Tomasz Frołowicz (Poland), Attila Gilanyi (Hungary), Igor Grygus (Ukraine), Halina Guła-Kubiszewska (Poland), Rafał Gotowski (Poland), Paweł Izdebski (Poland), Sergii Iermakov (Ukraine), Tetyana Iermakova (Ukraine), Jana Jurikova (Czech Republic), Vlastimila Karaskova (Czech Republic), Jacek Klawe (Poland), Mariusz Klimczyk (Poland), Alicja Kostencka (Poland), Frantisek Langer (Czech Republic), Eligiusz Madejski (Poland), Jiri Michal (Slovakia), Ludmila Miklankova (Czech Republic), Emila Mikołajewska (Poland), Viktor Mishchenko (Ukraine), Stanisław Mocek (Poland), Mirosław Mrozkowiak (Poland), Radosław Muszkieta (Poland), Anna Nalazek (Poland), Marek Napierała (Poland), Jerzy Nowocień (Poland), Piotr Oleśniewicz (Poland), Władysław Pańczyk (Poland), Wiesława Pilewska (Poland), Miroslava Pridalova (Czech Republic), Krzysztof Prusik (Poland), Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski (Poland), Aleksandr Skaliy (Ukraine), Tetyana Skaliy (Ukraine), Ewa Sokołowska (Poland), Błażej Stankiewicz (Poland), Robert Stępniak (Poland), Aleksander Stuła (Poland), Naoki Suzuki (Japan), Mirosława Szark-Eckardt (Poland), Maciej Świątkowski (Poland), Hrychoriy Tereschuk (Ukraine), Hryhoriy Vasjanovicz (Ukraine), Mariusz Zasada (Poland), Tetyana Zavhorodnya (Ukraine), Walery Żukow (Poland), Hanna Żukowska (Poland), Zygmunt Babiński (Poland), Yuriy Briskin (Ukraine), Laszló Csernoch (Hungary), Kazimierz Denek (Poland), Miroslav Dutchak (Ukraine), Karol Gorner (Slovakia), Kazimierz Kochanowicz (Poland), Jerzy Kosiewicz (Poland), Stanisław Kowalik (Poland), Tadeusz Maszczak (Poland), Mikolaj Nosko (Ukraine), Jerzy Pośpiech (Poland), Eugeniusz Prystupa (Ukraine), Robert Szeklicki (Poland), Jitka Ulrichova (Czech Republic). Reviewers: prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Z. Babiński (Poland), doc. PaedDr. Elena Bendíková, PhD. (Slovakia), prof. zw. dr hab. med. T. Chumachenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. techn. R. Cichon (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. N. Dragomiretskaya (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Ezhov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. J. Falkowski (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. A. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. M. Grodzynskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. I. Grygus (Ukraine), prof. zw. A. Gudyma (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. S. Gulyar (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. W. Hagner (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Karwat (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. M. Kyryliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. Y. Limansky (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Mizin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. B. Nasibullin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. O. Obodovskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. L. Shafran (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Shmakova (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. O. Sokolov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Stebliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. S. Yermakov, (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. med. A. Avramenko, prof. dr hab. K. Buśko (Poland), dr hab. med. E. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. H. Knapik (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. R. Muszkieta (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Myśliński (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Napierała (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Pastuszko (Poland), prof. dr hab. K. Prusik (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Zasada (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Zukow (Poland), dr I. M. Batyk (Poland), dr med. L. Butskaia (Ukraine), doc. dr n. med. V. Cherno (Ukraine), dr M. Cieślicka (Poland), dr med. I. Czerwinska Pawluk (Poland), dr biol. S. Dolomatov (Ukraine), dr R. Gotowski (Poland), dr A. Kostencka (Poland), dr med. N. Novikov (Ukraine), dr M. Podhorecka (Poland), dr med. A. Radziminska (Poland), doc. dr A. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr T. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr B. Stankiewicz (Poland), dr med. E. Trela (Poland) E d i t o r s - i n - C h i e f Anatoliy Gozhenko Marek Napierała Walery Zukow C o - e d i t o rs A s s o c i a t e E d i t o r s Iwona Czerwinska Pawluk Rafał Gotowski Mariusz Klimczyk Mirosława Cieślicka Adam Szulc S e c r e t a r y Bartłomiej Niespodziński © The Author(s) 2011 - 2019. This articles is published with Open Access at Journal of Education, Health and Sport formerly Journal of Health Sciences of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access This articles is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. Declaration on the original version. Because of the parallel version of the magazine publishing traditional (paper) and of electronic (online), Editors indicates that the main version of the magazine is to issue a "paper" Zawartość tegoż czasopisma jest objęta licencją Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Na tych samych warunkach 3.0 Editorial Office Instytut Kultury Fizycznej Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy 85-091 Bydgoszcz ul. 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It is operated by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modell

Nowadays, there are more and more reports of child abuse. However, this is not due to an increase in violence against minors, but to an increase in public awareness. People have begun to report child abuse. Child Abuse Syndrome affects both physical and psychological violence. There are many risk factors. Correct diagnosis is difficult, especially for children who start walking, running and all kinds of injuries can be the result of their playing. Intelligence, accurate viewing of the child and physical examination has an important role. When discussing the child abuse syndrome, let’s not forget about Munchausen syndrome per procura. Then the child’s testimonies are invented, very often behind the story presented by the young patient there is a family member – mainlythe mother. Since September 2011, all health care workers are subject to the “Blue Card” procedure. [11,27] If child abuse has occurred in the family, or even if there is a suspicion of such abuse, an Interdisciplinary Team is established. The task of this team is to complete the Blue Card procedure and to ensure the safety of a victim of violence. A paramedic plays an important role in this procedure. In most cases it is the person who first comes into contact with a child who is a victim of abuse. The paramedic must ensure that the patient feels safe. Their task is to identify the problem, document the injuries occurring on the child’s body at the time of examination and fill in the appropriate documentation, which will be handed over to the Interdisciplinary Team. This paper presents materials explaining the epidemiology and clinical image of the child abuse syndrome. Social aspects and legal consequences of this issue are also discussed. The “Blue Card” procedure and the “Blue Bear” form are also presented. The paper explains the role of medical personnel in case of violence against children.