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Analysing the context in which 1848 Revolutions erupted it is challenging given the comprehensive character of the evolutions occurred in Europe in the previous decade. From this perspective, the so-called "Potato Blight" is one of the most important events that had a global influence not only on Europe but also in United States, Russia, Middle East and even in the Far East. Between 1845-52, Ireland suffered a period of starvation, disease and emigration that became known as the "Great Famine". In a very short time, the famine crossed the Channel and ravaged most of the Western Europe, having huge impact on the food prices that developed into a credit crisis. Equally, it induced a profound change of the mindset, aggravating the fears regarding the fulfilment of the basic needs. The "Great Panic" was another label defining the general state of large mass of people in Western Europe that choose to leave their lands of origin and migrate in extra-European areas. Under these auspices, the social unrest become one of the common patterns in the European countries, thus increasing the instability and protest movement. There was an overlapping between social unrest caused by the economic crisis and the liberal movements that was asking for political reforms and national emancipations. The bourgeoise grievances interlinked with the general state of revolt both in rural and industrial areas against inflations, scarcity of food and unemployment. Thus, the comprehensive character of the revolutionary programs consolidated with the economic and financial aspects. At the same time, one can argue that the economic crisis between 1845-47 prepared the ground for the revolution that will erupt in Sicily in the first month of 1848. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stalin did not keep a diary, publish his memoirs, or take a keen interest in writing a history of himself, but throughout his life as leader of the Soviet Union he strove to shape both his biography and the archive of documents that would be studied by his biographers. Our aim in this study is to present the epic dimension of Stalin's personality, as he is portrayed in literary creations either personified or alongside other historical personalities, some only mentioned, others strongly individualized or the fruit of writers' imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important part of the historiography related to the developments generated by World War I in the Middle East attaches particular importance to the Sykes-Picot Agreement for what would happen in this geographical perimeter after the end of World War I. Clearly, the agreement negotiated by Mark Sykes and François Georges-Picot reflects Franco-British perceptions and interests regarding the fate of former Ottoman possessions in this area. But these are not new, the general coordinates of manifestation having been recorded in different forms of manifestation almost a century earlier. France's interest in Syria and Palestine or Britain's interest in securing the Suez Canal as effectively as possible were well-known constants at the outbreak of World War I. From this perspective, the Sykes-Picot Agreement represents a punctual radiography of the interval 1915-1916 in which the interests of the Western European powers are insufficiently clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the initial stages of European cooperation in the field of defence, participation of third countries represented an important component of the structural development of European Security and Defence Policy and, after the adoption of Lisbon Treaty, of the Common Security and Defence Policy. Under these auspices, cooperation with third states focused, initially, on operational aspects facilitating the creation of the proper framework for participation of these states in various EU-led operational commitments deployed in different geographical areas. Furthermore, the adoption of Helsinki Headline Goal and Headline Goal 2010 expand the opportunities for more interaction with third states as regards the capability development projects as well as on research activities in the field of defence. This includes participation of these countries in the various initiatives developed by EU in the last period, especially, Permanent Structured Cooperation and European Defence Fund. All of these progresses were confirmed by the Strategic Compass, adopted by EU Council in March 2022, which advanced a more ambitious agenda for deepening the cooperation with these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gândirea Militară Românească is the property of Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gândirea Militară Românească is the property of Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is no doubt the year 2022 has a special meaning for deepen the strategic approach in capabilities development in the multinational frameworks. The main features of this evolution were pragmatism and efficiency in adapting the defence capabilities to the challenges and opportunities of security environment, while maximising the efficiency of operational commitments. In this context, one of the major developments was represented by the adoption, in 21 March 2022, at EU Council level, of the Strategic Compass for Security and Defence for a European Union that protects its citizens, values and interests and contributes to international peace and security. The main purpose of this undertaking is to streamline the objectives and level of ambition assumed through EU Global Strategy in a more precise guideliness for short and medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception, the Bolshevik dictatorship has been strongly criticized by important representatives of European Social Democracy. One of these was Karl Kautsky. His book, Terrorism and Communism. A contribution to the natural history of revolution, is a critique of the Leninist view of the use of terror as a means of government. A year later, appeared the book Terrorism and Communism. A reply to Karl Kautsky, written by Leon Trotsky. For Trotsky, "the man who repudiates terrorism in principle must reject all the idea of the political supremacy of the working class and its revolutionary dictatorship and thus repudiates the Socialist Revolution". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of dentalTarget is the property of dentalTarget and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gândirea Militară Românească is the property of Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Vasa praevia is a high-risk, uncommon dis order of placentation. The possible fetal complications of rup tured vasa praevia include asphyxia, hemorrhage, ra pid exsanguination and fetal or neonatal death. Ma te­ rials and method. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library using appropriate variables (e.g., “vasa praevia”, “placenta praevia”, “velamentous cord insertion”, “succenturiate”, “bilobed placenta”) and medical literature pertaining to vasa praevia up to Ja nua ry 2021. We selected randomized control trials, ob ser va tio nal studies, systematic reviews and four national guide lines. The diagnostic and management strategies re com mended in medical literature were compared and re viewed. Results. A risk-adapted approach has been widely used to facilitate the ultrasonographic diagnosis of vasa praevia. The use of transvaginal color and pulse wave Doppler has not proven cost-effective in the general po pu la tion, however it is recommended in the evaluation of patients in high-risk groups. Not all cases of vasa prae via can be diagnosed antenatally. Conclusions. Vasa praevia is a rare obstetrical condition that has been associated with a high perinatal mortality rate if un diag nosed antenatally. Standardized prenatal targeted scre ening protocols for vasa praevia in both singleton and multi fetal pregnancies are needed in order to improve the diag no sis of vasa praevia, the neonatal survival and to lo wer the rate of intra- and postpartum complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gândirea Militară Românească is the property of Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relationship between the European Union and the United States is unique feature of international context built in the last decades based on shared history, shared values and shared interests. The transatlantic partnership was born of a promise of collective peace, progress and prosperity in the context of US support for Europe recovery after Second World War. In this sense, the Marshall Plan helped rebuild Europe's communities and economies while North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ensured collective security. Even from the initial stages, Transatlantic cooperation encompassed a comprehensive approach of the relationship, ranging from economic aspects towards foreign policy convergence and mutual commitment to global security. In this vein, Transatlantic Partnership developed steadily, while upgrading constantly in accordance with evolutions in the international environment. In this context, crisis management aspects were constantly approached in dialogue conducted in the framework of EU-US cooperation. There are certain achievements both in terms of US and Canada concrete participation in EU crisis management operations as well as in developing coordination mechanisms for combating current security challenges. This trend has the potential to be further consolidated by initiating a dedicated defence and security dialogue between both sides of the Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pandectele Române is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control / Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică is the property of National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Deterrence is one of the most perennial concept in human history being conventionally associated with the capacity of a given actor to dissuade another actor from embarking into an aggressive action based on demonstrative potential to react decisively. This is only one of the existing definitions of the deterrence which is in fact the constant ingredient of every decision-making process. Deterrence become the main norm for generating efficient strategies with practical applicability developed in the aftermath of Second World War. Since then deterrence theory developed significantly, most often in support of the strategic decisions adopted during Cold War. In this framework, it represented the central recourse of supporting the stability of international system based on a mix of conventional and nuclear capabilities. The end of Cold War brought a new reality in which risks and challenges are more interconnected, thus, requiring more synergetic and multidisciplinary approaches in designing the right framework for deterrence. The most common area for implementing deterrence is defence being extensively tested in the last decade, especially within the framework of NA TO. But this is only one perspective from which deterrence could be perceived. Nowadays deterrence is common to various areas in our societies, becoming one of the main instruments in tackling the contemporary asymmetry. Ensuring the right formulas for having a comprehensive deterrence is a continuous process which has to be correlated with the undertaking of creating resilient societies. The necessary solutions could not be identified without implementing flexible approach and structuring practical cooperation formulas which can maximize the support for deterrence strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expected to take place on September 9, 1968, the 14th Extraordinary Congress of the Czechoslovak Communist Party was postponed to August 22, 1968, as a result of the invasion of the country by the troops of the Warsaw Pact (except for Romania). On August 25, 1968, the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union canceled the Czechoslovak Communist Party's Congress, the delegation headed by Alexandr Dubček being forced to sign an agreement consenting the state of affairs. The invasion of the Czechoslovakia and the cancellation of the congress led to the end of the "Prague Spring" and revisionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Development of a practical relation of cooperation in the field of crisis management between EU and UN is one of the most important features of the current security environment. The starting point in this undertaking is closely related to the initial stages of European defence and security cooperation under European Union auspices in which cooperation with United Nations trough European Security and Defence Policy was identified as a top priority. In a short period the cooperation between these organizations become one of the most productive sort of partnership developed in crisis management field, underpinned both by operational cooperation, as well as institutional interaction on various topics relevant for international security context. The progresses achieved on this path were reflected in operational developments undertaken by both organization in various regions, especially Balkans and Africa. In this respect, the EU gradually becomes one of the main contributors to the UN peacekeeping efforts, with forces, capabilities and financial support. Furthermore, the proliferation of violent and conflicts around the world underlined the relevance of EU and UN engagements in managing these challenges. From this perspective, upgrading the level of cooperation to the Strategic Partnership formula is one clear expression of the mutual interest to promote structured solutions for the complex situations which cannot be dealt individually. At the same time, the different solutions identified within the framework of EU -UN cooperation were successfully tested in the field, generating patterns which can be followed for the future in order to increase the effectiveness of multilateral undertakings in crisis management field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the criminal law is determined by the commission of deeds that violate these laws, ie by the commission of a crime. Each of these acts of violation of the law takes place in a certain place and at a certain date, that is, the commission of each act is inevitably situated in space and time. In that space and time, a certain law applies and only that law, or a certain law in competition with certain laws (foreign or repealed). It is therefore necessary from this point of view to establish the limits of the application of the criminal law in relation to space and time, in order to ensure the precise incidence of that law and implicitly the observance of the principle of legality. Criminal laws are applied in space and on a territory subject to sovereignty in a certain period of time, determined by the evolution of legislation, as a result of various economic, socio-political, cultural changes in society, to meet the needs of its defense against crime. According to the principle of Romania's sovereignty, the criminal law extends from the point of view of space, to where sovereignty exists. In other words, the criminal law is territorial, applying to all crimes committed on the territory of our country, based on the principle of sovereignty of the Romanian state, and on the basis that fundamental social values can not be defended if the criminal sanction is not made in relation to criminal law Romanian and by the Romanian authorities, regardless of the quality of the perpetrator, Romanian or foreign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gândirea Militară Românească is the property of Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a world of globalization, characterized mainly by openness, in which internal and external aspects of security are congruent, European leaders believe that the evolution of international environment has inevitably led to an increase of dependence, as well as vulnerabilities such as transports, resources, information between European Union member states and also between non-European Union member states. The competition between the states for power and for natural resources prevents them to cooperate, actually amplifying the insecurity worldwide and the process of development. For strengthening European Union's position as an economic and political actor, and to keep this position in the future, European leaders must adopt a coherent foreign and security policy that will guarantee the Union's borders security on the one hand and its internal cohesion on the other hand. Considering these aspects, The European Union needs such a policy, because only by creating efficient mechanisms and structures, European security can be achieved. Starting for these premises, these paper seek to highlight the EU's vision on international security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parliamentary election plays an important role in the Romanian historiography, but we still need many studies on the local ones, the local chapters of political parties are not well known, especially in the interwar period. Through the communal election, the electorate appointed the members responsible for the administration of communal affairs, also they are involved in the electoral process. In this paper, we analyze the changes in the Romanian electoral system, the way how was applied law, focused more on the local election, in the rural area of Sibiu, in the 1930s. An important part of this article reveals through archival evidence how authorities interfered in the mechanisms of the electoral process. The parties accorded special attention to the preparation of election propaganda, we will also focus on the propaganda, especially the role played by the local authorities in the election process. Party symbols were used to identify a political party, the symbols had a huge influence on election results, they are situations in which similar symbols can create confusion. There were several political groups involved in the electoral competition, during the four elections from Ocna-Sibiu. But according to the results, the most important was the National-Peasant Party, which would obtain a remarkable success at the end of the campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 28 of March, 1961, President John F. Kennedy outlined in the Congress the basic elements of a new strategy meant to increase the flexibility of US commitments in the overall context of Cold War. This undertaking was centred on the idea of adapting the military posture in order to maximize the possibilities to achieve the desired effect in operational field. In this respect, President Kennedy highlighted that „Any potential aggressor contemplating an attack on any part of the Free World with any kind of weapons, conventional or nuclear, must know that our response will be suitable, selective, swift and effective". This message was a starting point for an enduring and complex process putting into motion of the so-called „Flexible Deterrent Options" which became, since 1961, the official national security policy of the United States. Within this framework, the US and its NATO allies launched different initiatives aiming to enhance the multilateral cooperation in nuclear field such as Multilateral Force and Atlantic Nuclear Force. In spite of certain setbacks, the efforts paid off by increasing the relevance of cooperation between NATO member states in the field of nuclear policy as one of the main direction undertaking through the new Strategic Concept adopted at the beginning of 1968. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatovenerologia Journal is the property of Societatea Romana de Dermatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering / Revista Română de Inginerie Civilă is the property of Matrix Rom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The parapharyngeal space is a virtual pyramidal space that extends from the skull base to the hyoid bone. There are numerous risk entities to cross the parapharyngeal space. It may be the site for primary tumors originating in the structures it contains, metastases or large tumors from adjacent structures. Parapharyngeal tumors are characterized by a nonspecific symptomatic pattern and should be evaluated by imaging investigations (CT, MRI). The main treatment is surgical and presents great complexity due to difficult access and the risk elements it contains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gândirea Militară Românească is the property of Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is beyond any doubt that the first decade after the conclusion of Second World War was one of most important period for designing the future common security and defence system capable to preserve peace and stability in Western Europe. Implementing a common vision in this respect was a challenging undertaking, especially from the perspective of the need to manage simultaneously different hot spots in the global security environment such as the wars in Indochina and Korea as well as Soviet aggressive stance in Europe. In spite of all these confrontational challenges, western cooperation, underpinned by a strong and resolute US commitment in Europe, succeeded in establishing the institutional framework necessary to provide the adequate answers for different kinds of threats. Establishment of NATO was quintessential in ensuring the cohesion and substance of these undertaking in Euroatlantic area. Within this framework, European defence cooperation achieved certain level of progress, especially through the establishment of multinational organizations such as Western Union as well by launching concrete cooperation projects such is the case of Pleven Plan which aimed at creation of a European Army. All of these contributed significantly to a constant development of European defence cooperation in the next decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin-American literature spread widely across the Romanian cultural space under the communist regime. As a consequence, the reception of major literary works, which were known worldwide, was affected by the typical abnormalities created by a totalitarian government. Nonetheless, the excellent work done by cultural agents and managers compensated the contradictions and vices of the system. In this article we aim to highlight the translation of the most important authors connected with the boom, in the context of the cultural politics of the socialist Romania, and discuss some particularities related to the Romanian translation of these works. We observe that the reception of the Latin-American boom is synchronic with the manifestation of this phenomenon in the West and we offer a view of the translations published in cultural journals and at publishing houses. Even though some important works related to the boom could not be translated in socialist Romania, mainly for economic reasons (i.e. the difficulty to pay copyright), the majority of the great names related to the boom (García Márquez, Vargas Llosa, Cortázar and Borges) became well known in this period and had an excellent reception here. We highlight the excellent work of the Romanian translators and cultural agents in the communist period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been written about regional cooperation in the MENA area. It is still an open issue with strategic implications that goes beyond the geographical boundaries of this area. The historical record of the last decades indicates a constant interest towards developing the proper regional cooperation frameworks with participation of countries from this area. In this respect, it is worth to mention that the very first initiative developed after the end of the World War II, namely the League of Arab States, was initiated in relation with MENA region. Since then much have been accomplished in terms of putting in practice various kinds of cooperation formulas, in different domains sucj as: political, economic, social, culture, environment a.s.o. In this respect, cooperation in defence and security area was one of the constant topic undertaken in context of developing the regional cooperation initiatives. The internal layer of cooperation between countries from the region was matched, after the end of Cold War, by the development of a sound framework for cooperation by the multilateral organization whit specific roles and responsibilities in the field of defence and security. All of these coexists with the specific bilateral relations developed by different countries in relation with this area. There is no doubt that analyzing the regional cooperation in MENA it is a challenging undertaking due to the certain complexities and specifics of this region. Equally, the level of regional interaction and internal dynamic it is one of the most important aspect in terms of structural development of this area. From this perspective, analyzing the potential for stimulating the regional cooperation, especially from the perspective of multilateral initiatives it has a particular relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than two decades ago, at the beginning December 1994, NATO's Foreign Ministers expressed their readiness to establish the Mediterranean Dialogue. It was meant to provide an institutionalized framework, underpinned by political cooperation and consultation on security aspects, especially in relations with the evolutions in the Southern neighborhood. Moreover, the decision was a clear expression of the NATO's adaptation process started in the aftermath of the end of Cold War. Two months later, the first discussions took place between then NATO Secretary General Willy Claes and representatives of five countries from the North Africa and Middle East. Few years later the number of participating countries increased to seven thus encompassing Egypt, Israel, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Jordan. Since its inception Mediterranean Dialogue evolved gradually from political consultation fora to a genuine cooperation and partnership platform, which contributed substantially to the structural development of NATO's partnership policies. In addition to the strategic relevance of the political dialogue, the practical cooperation agenda developed under the aegis of Mediterranean Dialogue increased the overall profile and contribution of the countries from the region in the security management context. Many of them participated with forces and capabilities in several operational commitments conducted by NATO, especially those in Europe and Afghanistan. In the same vein, Mediterranean partners are one of the most active contributors in the overall context of counter-terrorism activities as well as in the framework of Global Coalition against ISIL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control / Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică is the property of National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the first months of 1918, the pace of war on the Western Front was in a certain stalemate. More than 5 million soldiers were trapped in a muddy and cold trenches line, from the British Channel to the border between France and Switzerland. Both, French, British, Belgians, Americans and Portuguese forces will face the so-called Spring Offensive ordered by the German High Command. By launching the strongest attack on the Western Front, Germany strove for achieving a fast and decisive victory before the full potential of United States would be deployed on the battlefields in France. In order to achieve this objective, Ludendorff, the mastermind behind of this action, stated that: "We must strike at the earliest moment before the Americans can throw strong forces into the scale. We must beat the British". To this end, Ludendorff plans were based on the idea of launching a lightning strike against British Expeditionary Force which was meant to separate the Allied forces. By using the additional 50 division made available following the Russian surrendered, Ludendorff tried to defeat decisively the Allied forces and win total victory. But his confidence failed to match operational reality. Germany's last offensive in the First World War failed and accelerated the inevitable defeat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battle of Megiddo was by far the decisive battle within the British offensive started by General Edmund Allenby from Sinai Peninsula, in October 1917. From tactical point of view it can be described as the most complex military encounters occurred in the Middle East during the First World War. The battle fought, for almost one week in September 1918, by the Egyptian Expeditionary Forces, was the key strategic endeavor in gaining the full control of Palestine by the British army. The staunch, as well unconventional strategy employed by Allenby against the Yildirim Group in Palestine paid off, ultimately, by the full-scale destruction of two Ottoman Armies. Nevertheless, the Megiddo Battle should be seen as an adapted employment of the European style of conducting the war in the Middle East. By placing the cavalry assets to the core of the operational plan, he achieved an astonishing combination between speed, effective actions and geographical force projection. Moreover, the way in which Allenby used the logistics, air reconnaissance and fighting capabilities, was instrumental in neutralizing the adversary's ability to articulate a meaningful reaction. Within days, British occupied Damascus and Beirut, paving the way for final defeat of Ottoman Empire, officially sanctioned, one month later, through the Mudros Armistice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Infectio.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

State terrorism is one of the oldest methods of governance. It has been used by authoritarian and totalitarian states, as a means and purpose to discipline and subdue its own citizens. Our study aims to present using terrorist means by the Securitate against the Romanian exile (criminal attempts on Paul Goma, Virgil Tănase, Emil Georgescu, etc.) and to analyze other actions which doubts persist about the implication of communist regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal for Neurology & Psychiatry of Child & Adolescent in Romania is the property of Romanian Society of Child & Adolescent Neurology & Psychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Researching on the First World War in the Middle East is still in the initial stages in spite of the shared opinion on the particular relevance of this event for the future development of Modern Middle East. The reasons of this situation are multiple and complex in their nature. Nevertheless, the events that occurred in the Middle East during the entire period of First World War correspond with the patterns of the most intense operational theaters. To a similar extent, the military sequences opened in the Middle East should be seen through the same lens of the dramatic confrontations erupted in Europe after the assassination in Sarajevo. From this perspective, the events occurred during 1917 should be analyzed in conjunction with the evolutions developed in the relative distant areas like France, Caucasus and the Balkans. Seen from the belligerents' perspective, the operational record of this period is one of the most intensive one, including fierce fighting as was the case of those occurred in Southern Palestine and Mesopotamia. Although, it was treated as one of the secondary fronts, the events occurred during this period had a strategic impact for the overall war effort of the involved countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]