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Este estudo pretende fazer um balanço, na perspetiva dos diretores, da sua atuação à luz do presente modelo de administração escolar, na tentativa de apontar fatores de sucesso na gestão, bem como potenciais mudanças ao atual modelo, por eles propostas. Os dados foram recolhidos, em 2018, através de entrevistas exploratórias numa amostra estratificada, composta por 30 diretores em funções, no distrito do Porto, com uma experiência de gestão de, pelo menos, 4 anos. Os principais parâmetros que os diretores mais associam a uma melhor gestão são a formação especializada, as assessorias, a relação coma comunidade e o trabalho colegial. No que diz respeito às mudanças, as sugestões principais são o reforço da autonomia, a alteração da composição e das competências do Conselho Geral, a estabilidade legislativa e o apoio jurídico e contabilístico.

The objective of this study was to explore factors that affect quality education in the Amhara region. A descriptive survey method, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to examine research objective. Tools used in collecting data were questionnaire and focused group discussion. The finding showed that positive early experiences and interactions, disciplined school systems, providing an adequate number of teachers, access to toilets, availability of relatively suitable class sizes, welcoming schools boarding atmospheres , learner centered teaching practices , professional mobility and growth were strengths of schools in the region. However, violation conditions, professional inflexibility, incompatible teachers working conditions, irregularity of students’ class attending, lack of life skill curriculums, schools facilities, shortage of instructional materials, clean water supply and not have ongoing trainings have negative impact on quality education. As a result, it is recommended that a further research on quality education, focusing specifically indicators that support a quality primary education. The objective of this study was to explore factors that affect quality education in the Amhara region. A descriptive survey method, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to examine research objective. Tools used in collecting data were questionnaire and focused group discussion. The finding showed that positive early experiences and interactions, disciplined school systems, providing an adequate number of teachers, access to toilets, availability of relatively suitable class sizes, welcoming schools boarding atmospheres , learner centered teaching practices , professional mobility and growth were strengths of schools in the region. However, violation conditions, professional inflexibility, incompatible teachers working conditions, irregularity of students’ class attending, lack of life skill curriculums, schools facilities, shortage of instructional materials, clean water supply and not have ongoing trainings have negative impact on quality education. As a result, it is recommended that a further research on quality education, focusing specifically indicators that support a quality primary education.The objective of this study was to explore factors that affect quality education in the Amhara region. A descriptive survey method, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to examine research objective. Tools used in collecting data were questionnaire and focused group discussion. The finding showed that positive early experiences and interactions, disciplined school systems, providing an adequate number of teachers, access to toilets, availability of relatively suitable class sizes, welcoming schools boarding atmospheres , learner centered teaching practices , professional mobility and growth were strengths of schools in the region. However, violation conditions, professional inflexibility, incompatible teachers working conditions, irregularity of students’ class attending, lack of life skill curriculums, schools facilities, shortage of instructional materials, clean water supply and not have ongoing trainings have negative impact on quality education. As a result, it is recommended that a further research on quality education, focusing specifically indicators that support a quality primary education.

Focando nas micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras, do ponto de vista do receptor da tecnologia, na adoção de sistemas integrados de gestão, ou como internacionalmente conhecidos os Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), o presente estudo buscou diagnosticar a situação atual da adoção dos sistemas integrados de gestão (ERP) nas micro e pequenas empresas. Foi caracterizado as micro e pequenas empresas de acordo com o seu faturamento no ano de 2015. Buscou-se entender o processo de adoção de tecnologia como uma visão mais abrangente da implantação desses sistemas. Foi coletada uma amostra estratificada de 411 empresas, realizada no segundo semestre de 2016, com a presença de empresas entrevistadas em todos os 27 estados brasileiros. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram diagnosticar a situação atual da adoção dos sistemas integrados de gestão (ERP) nas micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras pesquisadas. Foi observado o ponto de vista do receptor da tecnologia.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) e a associação entre qualidade do preenchimento e o tipo de serviço usado para o acompanhamento da saúde das crianças. Estudo transversal com amostra estratificada e proporcional aos 9 Distritos Sanitários de Belo Horizonte, selecionada entre crianças de 3 a 5 anos, no Dia da Campanha de Vacinação Infantil 2014. Realizou-se entrevista com os pais e observação de 21 itens da CSC. A variável dependente foi definida pela qualidade (satisfatória/insatisfatória) do preenchimento da CSC, sendo considerado satisfatório o preenchimento > 60%. As variáveis independentes foram o tipo de serviço para acompanhamento da saúde da criança, características demográficas e condições de saúde da mãe e da criança, e atenção em saúde recebida pela criança. Participaram 367 pais. A proporção de preenchimento insatisfatório foi 55,5%. Não houve associação significativa entre qualidade de preenchimento e tipo de serviço de saúde. O preenchimento insatisfatório esteve associado à idade gestacional < 37 semanas, falta de acesso a informações sobre a CSC e ausência de anotações dos pais na CSC. A CSC tem sido insatisfatoriamente empregada como um instrumento de vigilância da saúde independentemente do tipo de serviço usado pela criança. Abstract The scope of this study was to assess the way Child Health Records (CHRs) are filled out and the association between the quality of entries and type of service used to monitor the health of children. It involved a cross-sectional study with a stratified sample – proportional for the nine Health Districts of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais – of 3- to 5-year-old children selected on Child Vaccination Campaign Day in 2014. Interviews with parents including observation of the 21 CHR items were conducted. The dependent variable was defined by the quality of the CHR entry (satisfactory/unsatisfactory), where satisfactory entries were > 60%. The independent variables were the type of service for monitoring child health, demographic and health conditions of the mother and child and healthcare treatment received by the child, with the participation of 367 (96.10%) parents. The prevalence of unsatisfactory entries was 55.5%. No significant association was found between quality of entry and type of healthcare. Unsatisfactory entries were associated with gestational age < 37 weeks, lack of access to information about the CHR and the absence of parental entries on the CHR. The CHR has been unsatisfactorily employed as a tool for monitoring health, irrespective of the type of service used by the child.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular, entre crianças e adolescentes, e sua associação com a síndrome metabólica. Métodos Estudo analítico e quantitativo em uma amostra estratificada de 421 crianças e adolescentes de 9 a 19 anos selecionados por amostragem aleatória simples em 12 escolas públicas municipais localizadas na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Investigaram-se os fatores sedentarismo e excesso ponderal. A síndrome metabólica foi identificada a partir dos critérios adaptados para a idade. Resultados Houve prevalência de 4,1% de síndrome metabólica. Eram sedentários 30,2% e 20,5% apresentaram excesso ponderal, sendo que valores mais elevados de índice de massa corporal estiveram associados à presença de síndrome. Pressão arterial média, triglicerídeos, glicemia e circunferência abdominal estavam aumentados em 11,9%, 20,9%, 0,5%, 8,6% dos investigados, respectivamente; 26,1% apresentaram HDL-c baixo. Conclusão Parcela substancial dos envolvidos apresentou fatores de risco avaliados, bem como associação do excesso ponderal com componentes da síndrome. Abstract Objective To analyze the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents, and their association with metabolic syndrome. Methods This was an analytical, quantitative study using a stratified sample of 421 children and adolescents from 9 - 19 years of age, selected by simple random sampling in 12 municipal public schools located in the Northeast region of Brazil. Physical inactivity and weight excess were the factors investigated. Metabolic syndrome was identified based on the adopted criteria for age. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 4.1%; sedentary lifestyle was 30.2%; and weight excess was 20.5%. Higher values of body mass index were associated with the presence of the syndrome. Mean blood pressure, triglycerides, blood glucose, and waist circumference were increased in 11.9%, 20.9%, 0.5%, 8.6% of the sample, respectively; 26.1% presented low HDL-c. Conclusion A substantial portion of those involved presented the risk factors assessed, as well as weight excess association with the components of the syndrome.

DOI: 10.12957/cadest.2015.19114 Abstract In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using RSS (Ranked Set Sampling) in improving the estimates of the population mean in comparison to SRS (Simple Random Sampling) in Horticultural research. We use an experience developed with a survey of apples in India. The numerical results suggest that RSS procedure results in a substantial reduction of standard errors, and thus provides more efficient estimates than SRS, in the specific Horticultural Survey studied, using the same sample size. Then it is recommended as an easy-to-use accurate method to management of this Horticulture problem. Key-words: Ranked Set Sampling, Simple Random Sampling, Standard Error, Accuracy.

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o SISVAN como instrumento para o planejamento, gestão e avaliação de ações de alimentação e nutrição na atenção básica do SUS. Estudo transversal composto por uma amostra aleatória estratificada dos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os responsáveis municipais pelo SISVAN, que responderam a um questionário estruturado. A análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada com a construção de tabelas simples e bivariadas. Observou-se que os responsáveis pelo SISVAN coletam (50%) e digitam (55%) dados de peso, altura e consumo alimentar, enquanto que 53%, 59% e 71% não os analisam, não recomendam e nem executam ações de nutrição, respectivamente. Sendo assim, a maior parte dos responsáveis não utiliza as informações para o planejamento, a gestão e a avaliação da alimentação e nutrição. Os achados evidenciam que o SISVAN não é utilizado em seu potencial; as informações geradas não têm sido empregadas para o planejamento, a gestão e a avaliação dos serviços de nutrição na atenção básica no SUS. AbstractThe scope of this article is to evaluate the SISVAN as a tool for planning, management and evaluation of food and nutrition actions in primary healthcare in the Unified Health System (SUS). It involved a cross-sectional study composed of a stratified random sample of the municipalities in the State of Minas Gerais. The subjects of the research were municipal officials of SISVAN who filled out a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed with the construction of simple and bivariate tables. It was observed that those responsible for SISVAN, collect (50%) and input (55%) weight, height, and food consumption data; whereas 53%, 59% and 71% do not analyze and do not recommend or perform nutrition actions, respectively. This being the case, most of those responsible do not use the information for planning, management and evaluation of food and nutrition traits. The findings show that the SISVAN is not used to its full potential; the data generated have not been used for planning, management and evaluation of nutrition services in primary healthcare in the SUS.

Os modelos preditores usados no mapeamento digital de solos (MDS) precisam ser treinados com dados que captem ao máximo a variação dos atributos do terreno e dos solos, a fim de gerar correlações adequadas entre as variáveis ambientais e a ocorrência dos solos. Para avaliar a acurácia desses modelos, tem sido constatado o uso de diferentes métodos de avaliação da acurácia no MDS. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar o uso de três esquemas de amostragem para treinar algoritmo de árvore de classificação (CART) e avaliar a capacidade de predição dos modelos gerados por meio de quatro métodos. Foram utilizados os esquemas de amostragem: aleatório simples; proporcional à área de cada unidade de mapeamento de solos (UM); e estratificado pelo número de UM. Os métodos de avaliação testados foram: aparente, divisão percentual, validação cruzada com 10 subconjuntos e reamostragem com sete conjuntos de dados independentes. As acurácias dos modelos estimadas pelos métodos foram comparadas com as acurácias mensuradas obtidas pela comparação dos mapas gerados, a partir de cada esquema de amostragem, com o mapa convencional de solos na escala 1:50.000. Os esquemas de amostragem influenciaram na quantidade de UMs preditas e na acurácia dos modelos e dos mapas gerados. Os esquemas de amostragem proporcional e estratificada resultaram mapas digitais menos acurados, e a acurácia dos modelos variou conforme o método de avaliação empregado. A amostragem aleatória resultou no mapa digital mais acurado e apresentou valores da acurácia semelhantes para todos os métodos de avaliação testados. The predictive models used in digital soil mapping (DSM) need to be trained with data that most fully capture the variation of terrain and soil properties in order to generate adequate correlations between environmental variables and the occurrence of soil unities. Several methods have been used in DSM to evaluate the accuracy of these models. The aims of this study were to compare the use of three sampling procedures for training a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm, and evaluate the predictive capacity of the models generated using four methods. The sampling procedures used were: simple random; proportional to the area of each soil mapping unit (MU), and stratified by the number of MUs. The evaluation methods tested were: apparent, percentage division, cross-validation with 10 subsets, and resampling with seven independent data sets. The accuracies of the models estimated by the methods were compared with the measured accuracies. This was achieved by comparing the maps generated, based on each sampling procedure, with the conventional soil map at the scale of 1:50,000. The sampling procedures influenced the number of MUs predicted and the accuracy of the models and of the maps generated. The proportional and stratified sampling procedures resulted in less accurate digital soil maps, and the accuracies of the models varied according to the evaluation method adopted. Random sampling resulted in the most accurate digital soil map and presented accuracy values that were similar for all the evaluation methods tested.

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade do cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) ofertado à pessoa idosa segundo a sua perspectiva. O desenho foi observacional transversal em amostra aleatória estratificada de idosos (> 60 anos) cadastrados em 10 das 20 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Macaíba (RN), Brasil. Após entrevista com o instrumento PCATool-Brasil versão Adulto, estimou-se o nível de qualidade (0 a 10, baseado em atributos desejáveis) e analisou-se a associação de fatores sociodemográficos. Os participantes (n = 100) atribuíram à qualidade nota regular (5,7). A Longitudinalidade do cuidado foi um ponto forte (7,3), mas a Integralidade (4,7), a Orientação Familiar (4,1) e a Acessibilidade (3,8) são fragilidades na perspectiva do idoso. Fatores sociodemográficos ligados à vulnerabilidade (menor renda, área rural e maior idade) associaram-se positivamente a diferentes atributos da APS. Evidenciou-se margem para melhoria do cuidado ao idoso, sendo prioritário ampliar o foco na família, o horário de funcionamento das UBS e a diversidade na prevenção de doenças e agravos. The scope of this study was to assess the quality of Primary Health Care (PHC) provided to the elderly from their viewpoint. The study design was cross-sectional and observational in a stratified random sample of elderly individuals, enrolled in 10 of the 20 Basic Health Units (BHU) in the city of Macaiba, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. After an interview conducted using the adult version of the primary care assessment tool (PCATool-Brazil), the quality level was estimated (0-10, based on desirable attributes) and the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors was analyzed. The participants (n = 100) assigned a score of fair (5.7) to Quality; Longitudinality of care was awarded a high score (7.3), however Integrality (4.7), Family Orientation (4.1) and Accessibility (3.8) were considered weak. Socio-demographic factors linked to vulnerability (low income, rural area and older age) were positively associated with different PHC attributes. A margin for improvement in PHC attributes was observed, especially with respect to increasing the focus on the family, extending working hours in BHUs and enhancing prevention of diseases and ensuing complications.

The present study intends to understand how factors influence employed adults’ decision to participate in learning activities in two sectors of the five regions (NUT II) of the Portuguese continental territory. The factors associated to individuals’ participation in Continuing Vocational Education and Training (CVET) constitute an important issue to be studied given the need to understand why adults participate in CVET activities. This is important because continuing professional qualification of workers is assumed to be essential to improve workers’ employability and productivity in companies. In fact, the level of productivity of business depends on effective use of new technologies which is only possible with human resources continuously qualified. For this reason, results will allow us to elaborate recommendations for designing and implementing policies for CVET activities. The present research will be using a methodological approach framed by the ISSTAL (Interdisciplinary, Sequential-Specificity, Time-Allocation, Life-Span) model of social participation (Smith, 1980), already adapted and tested in USA by Cookson (1986) and in Alentejo and other EU regions by Figueira & others (2008) for studying adult participation in learning activities. The study will use a cross-sectional survey complemented by a focus group strategy to discuss survey results by continuing training specialists and practitioners and by a set of case studies to further understanding nature of the participation factors. The cross-sectional survey will use an instrument specifically developed to collect data from a two-stage stratified random sample drawn from a population constituted by technical working people of the two main sectors in the above Portuguese continental regions. According to results from previous studies, it will be expected that the ISSTAL model will be useful for explaining and understanding participation of adults in continuing training activities concerning the sectors of activity under analysis. The study will give an important contribution for promoting equal access to CVET for all workers, as a relevant pathway for a sustainable development of the Portuguese society., Conferência - Investigação e Intervenção em Recursos Humanos, n. 2 (2010): II Conferência em Investigação e Intervenção em RH

Este artigo descreve a amostra da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento no Brasil. Os hospitais com 500 ou mais nascidos vivos em 2007 foram estratificados por macrorregião, capital de estado ou não, e tipo, e selecionados com probabilidade proporcional ao número de nascidos-vivos em 2007. Amostragem inversa foi usada para selecionar tantos dias de pesquisa (mínimo de 7) quantos fossem necessários para alcançar 90 entrevistas realizadas com puérperas no hospital. As puérperas foram amostradas com igual probabilidade entre as elegíveis que entraram no hospital no dia. Os pesos amostrais básicos são o inverso do produto das probabilidades de inclusão em cada estágio e foram calibrados para assegurar que estimativas dos totais de nascidos vivos dos estratos correspondessem aos totais de nascidos vivos obtidos no SINASC. Para os dois seguimentos telefônicos (6 e 12 meses depois), a probabilidade de resposta das puérperas foi modelada pelas variáveis disponíveis na pesquisa de base, a fim de corrigir, para a não resposta, os pesos amostrais em cada onda de seguimento. Este artículo describe la muestra de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Partos y Nacimientos en Brasil. Los hospitales con 500 o más nacimientos en 2007 fueron estratificados por región, capital del estado o no, y tipo, y se seleccionan con probabilidad proporcional al número de nacidos vivos en 2007. Se utilizó un muestreo inverso para seleccionar los días de encuesta (mínimo 7), con el fin de lograr 90 entrevistas en el hospital. Se realizó el muestreo de las mujeres posparto, con igual probabilidad entre las mujeres elegibles que entraron en el hospital cada día. Los pesos iniciales son el inverso del producto de las probabilidades de inclusión en cada etapa y se calibraron para asegurar que las estimaciones del total de nacidos vivos correspondieran al total de nacidos vivos, obtenidos a partir de SINASC. Para los dos seguimientos telefónicos (6 y 12 meses después), la probabilidad de respuesta de las mujeres posparto fue modelada a partir de variables disponibles en la investigación básica, a fin de corregir, debido a la no-respuesta, los pesos de la muestra de cada ola de seguimiento. This paper describes the sample design for the National Survey into Labor and Birth in Brazil. The hospitals with 500 or more live births in 2007 were stratified into: the five Brazilian regions; state capital or not; and type of governance. They were then selected with probability proportional to the number of live births in 2007. An inverse sampling method was used to select as many days (minimum of 7) as necessary to reach 90 interviews in the hospital. Postnatal women were sampled with equal probability from the set of eligible women, who had entered the hospital in the sampled days. Initial sample weights were computed as the reciprocals of the sample inclusion probabilities and were calibrated to ensure that total estimates of the number of live births from the survey matched the known figures obtained from the Brazilian System of Information on Live Births. For the two telephone follow-up waves (6 and 12 months later), the postnatal woman’s response probability was modelled using baseline covariate information in order to adjust the sample weights for nonresponse in each follow-up wave.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1677-54492011000400001.pdf: 770302 bytes, checksum: 7e8ddad1a1f9cda9749b31856f009270 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1677-54492011000400001.pdf: 770302 bytes, checksum: 7e8ddad1a1f9cda9749b31856f009270 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1677-54492011000400001.pdf: 770302 bytes, checksum: 7e8ddad1a1f9cda9749b31856f009270 (MD5) S1677-54492011000400001.pdf.txt: 15807 bytes, checksum: 49c142e1630bbd1dd0bc781b1276e58b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:34:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1677-54492011000400001.pdf: 770302 bytes, checksum: 7e8ddad1a1f9cda9749b31856f009270 (MD5) S1677-54492011000400001.pdf.txt: 15807 bytes, checksum: 49c142e1630bbd1dd0bc781b1276e58b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1677-54492011000400001.pdf: 770302 bytes, checksum: 7e8ddad1a1f9cda9749b31856f009270 (MD5) S1677-54492011000400001.pdf.txt: 15807 bytes, checksum: 49c142e1630bbd1dd0bc781b1276e58b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia

Os objetivos deste estudo foram conhecer a prevalência da incontinência anal (IA) em adultos da cidade de Pouso Alegre (Minas Gerais) e verificar os fatores demográficos e clínicos preditores de sua presença. Estudo epidemiológico desenvolvido por meio de amostragem estratificada por conglomerado, tendo amostra final composta de 519 indivíduos, com idade >18 anos, em condições físicas e mentais adequadas, residentes em 341 domicílios da área urbana e sorteados aleatoriamente. As prevalências foram padronizadas por sexo e idade, resultando em 7,0% para IA, tanto geral como para homens e mulheres. No modelo final de regressão logística, número de filhos (OR=5,1; p

Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar os prestadores de serviços hospitalares no setor de saúde suplementar, uma vez que o conhecimento sobre tais prestadores ainda é incipiente, particularmente em relação à estrutura e à qualidade assistencial. Foi realizado um inquérito nacional, tendo como universo de interesse 3.817 hospitais. Uma amostra estratificada de 83 hospitais foi selecionada. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre setembro e dezembro de 2006, por meio de entrevistas com os dirigentes dos hospitais. Para a caracterização assistencial dos hospitais, foram contempladas variáveis relativas à capacidade instalada e produção de serviços, bem como às práticas e estruturas de garantia e monitoramento da qualidade do cuidado. A amostra final pesquisada resultou em 74 hospitais, correspondendo a um universo estimado de 3.799 unidades. Os hospitais prestadores de serviços para operadoras, majoritariamente provedores de serviços ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), apresentaram baixa presença de estruturas e práticas de qualificação da gestão e de monitoramento da qualidade assistencial. This study aimed to characterize inpatient care providers for health plans in Brazil, considering that knowledge on healthcare providers is still incipient, particularly in relation to healthcare structure and quality. A national survey was performed, focusing on 3,817 hospitals. A stratified sample of 83 hospitals was selected, and data were collected from September to December 2006 using interviews with hospital administrators. Hospital care was characterized using variables related to installed capacity and services output, as well as practices and structures for healthcare quality assurance and control. The final sample consisted of 74 hospitals, representing an estimated universe of 3,799 hospitals. Inpatient care providers for health plans, mainly for the Unified National Health System (SUS), showed limited presence of structures and practices for improving management and healthcare quality.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e fatores associados à saúde em adolescentes, por meio de estudo epidemiológico transversal de base populacional, realizado no período de abril a setembro de 2006, empregando amostragem estratificada segundo porte da escola e turnos. Utilizando-se o questionário Global School-based Student Health Survey, 1.878 estudantes de 29 escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, foram investigados quanto a: idade; sexo; índice de massa corporal; consumo de frutas, verduras, álcool e tabaco; e pressão arterial, admitindo os parâmetros da Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescent, de 1996, para pressão arterial, do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention para estado nutricional. As prevalências de hipertensão arterial (medida apenas uma vez), sobrepeso e obesidade igualaram-se a 17,3%, 6,9% e 3,7%, respectivamente. Comportaram-se como fatores associados para hipertensão arterial: sexo masculino, obesidade, sobrepeso e falta de atividade física. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento dos fatores associados para hipertensão arterial em adolescentes poderá subsidiar campanhas de educação para a saúde. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (high blood pressure) and associated health factors in adolescents, using a cross-sectional, population-based, epidemiological design from April to September 2006, within a stratified sample according to school size and shift. Using the Portuguese version of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey questionnaire, 1,878 students from 29 public schools in Greater Metropolitan Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, were analyzed for: age, gender, body mass index, fruit, vegetable, alcohol, and tobacco consumption, as well as blood pressure, adopting the 1996 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention parameters for nutritional status. Prevalence rates for high blood pressure, overweight, and obesity were 17.3%, 6.9%, and 3.7%, respectively. Factors associated with high blood pressure were: male gender, obesity, overweight, and lack of physical activity. Knowledge of factors associated with arterial hypertension in adolescents can help support health education campaigns.

A dor é um problema de saúde pública cujo manejo tem apresentado diversas deficiências. Esta pesquisa avalia a percepção e conhecimento de profissionais de saúde a respeito do tema dor e aspectos relacionados à utilização de medicamentos opióides, como legislação, efeitos colaterais, crenças, medo e preconceito. A pesquisa realizada foi exploratória qualitativa, aplicada na forma de entrevistas focais. A amostra estudada foi estratificada, aleatória, composta por trinta profissionais farmacêuticos, médicos e enfermeiros. Observou-se nesse trabalho a necessidade de os profissionais da saúde se familiarizarem mais com o tema, independente de terem demonstrado conhecimento em alguns aspectos. Foi observado conhecimento mais evidente com relação aos efeitos colaterais nas classes farmacêutica e médica, enquanto que na enfermagem o conhecimento maior foi relacionado com as escalas analgésicas. Foram detectados alguns aspectos subjetivos relacionados ao uso de medicamentos opióides, como indícios de medo e preconceito, que podem estar contribuindo para subutilização destes fármacos. Há a necessidade indiscutível da atuação de uma equipe multidisciplinar de saúde bem consolidada para o manejo da dor e melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente. Pain is a public health problem whose management shows a series of deficiencies. This study evaluates both perception and knowledge of pharmacists, physicians and nurses about pain management and aspects related to utilization of opioids such as legislation, side effects, creeds, fear and prejudice. This exploratory qualitative study was conducted by means of focal interviews of a stratified random sample composed by thirty pharmacists, physicians and nurses. The results show that the health professionals, although being familiar with some aspects, need to acquire more knowledge about this subject. Pharmacists and physicians showed more knowledge about side effects while nurses knew more about analgesic scales. Some subjective aspects regarding opioid utilization observed in the study, among others fear and prejudice, might be contributing to the under-utilization of these drugs. There is an undeniable need for a multi-disciplinary approach of health professionals for managing pain and improving the quality of life of the patients.

Apresentação do processo de amostragem empregado para a seleção da amostra na qual se baseou o estudo da «Reprodução humana no Distrito de São Paulo», realizado pelo Departamento de Estatística Aplicada da Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública da USP. O processo procurou resolver a situação criada com as limitações de verba, de tempo e carência de um sistema de referência que permitisse, no prazo estipulado e com a verba disponível, a seleção de uma amostra seguindo os procedimentos usuais de amostragem probabilística. Consistiu em aplicar amostragem em duas etapas, na qual a unidade primária foi domicílio e a unidade secundária foi mulher. Na primeira etapa empregou-se amostragem estratificada em que os estratos eram subdistritos. Para a seleção de unidades primárias sortearam-se pontos («pontos de partida») nos mapas dos subdistritos por um processo que se assemelha àquele chamado «grade quadrada», mas que difere deste quanto a vários aspectos. A cada «ponto de partida» selecionado corresponderam, por regras prefixadas, três domicílios com pelo menos uma mulher da população em estado residindo em cada um deles. Na segunda etapa, nos domicílios onde residia mais de uma mulher da população em estudo, procedeu-se a uma subamostragem na qual cada uma delas teve igual probabilidade de seleção. São também apresentados diferentes casos de ausência de resposta e as respectivas instruções às entrevistadoras.This work presents the sampling procedure used to select the sample got for a "Human Reproduction Study in the District of São Paulo" (Brazil), done by the Department of Applied Statistics of "Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo". The procedure tried to solve the situation which resulted from the limitation in cost, time and lack of a frame that could be used in order to get a probability sample in the fixed term of time and with the fixed cost. It consisted in a two stage sampling with dwelling-units as primary units and women as secondary units. At the first stage, it was used stratified sampling in which sub-districts were taken as strata. In order to select primary units, there was a selection of points ("starting points") on the maps of subdistricts by a procedure that was similar to that one called "square grid" but differed from this in several aspects. There were fixed rules to establish a correspondence between each selected "starting point" and a set of three dwelling units where at least one woman of the target population lived. In the selected dwelling units where more than one woman of target population lived, there was a sub-sampling in order to select one of them. In this selection each woman living in the dwelling unit had equal probability of selection. Several "no-answer" cases and correspondent instructions to be followed by the interviewers are presented too.

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o desempenho do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) em relação ao prontuário médico na análise dos fatores associados à variação do risco de óbito hospitalar no infarto agudo do miocárdio. O estudo envolveu uma amostra aleatória, estratificada por hospital, de 391 prontuários médicos sorteados com base nos 1.936 formulários de Autorização de Internação Hospitalar (AIH) registrados com o diagnóstico principal de infarto agudo do miocárdio no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em 1997. Para estudo dos fatores associados à variação do risco de óbito hospitalar foram usados modelos logísticos a partir do SIH e do prontuário, com construção de curvas ROC para comparar desempenho relativo entre eles. O diagnóstico foi confirmado em 91,7% dos casos; a letalidade foi 20,6%. O modelo desenvolvido a partir do prontuário apresentou o melhor ajuste por incluir variáveis de gravidade e processo não disponíveis no SIH (concordância = 90,1%). O modelo derivado do SIH teve um menor poder explicativo (concordância = 70,6%), mas a correção de erros de digitação e informação através do prontuário não modificou significativamente seu desempenho. A maior limitação do SIH foi o elevado sub-registro do diagnóstico secundário. The objective of this study was to analyze the usefulness of the Brazilian Hospital Information System (SIH) in comparison to medical records to study factors associated with in-hospital mortality due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated a stratified random sample of 391 medical records (out of 1,936 hospital admissions forms) with AMI as the primary diagnosis in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Factors associated with in-hospital death were studied through logistic modeling. Models were developed directly from the SIH and from medical records. ROC curves were constructed to allow comparison of the different models. We found an AMI diagnostic confirmation = 91.7% and hospital mortality = 20.6%. The logistic model derived from medical records produced the best fit (concordance = 90.1%). Although the SIH model had a worse fit (concordance = 70.6%), the correction of keying-in and information errors using data from medical records did not significantly modify its performance. Under-recording of secondary diagnosis was high in the SIH forms and was the main limiting factor.

A fishery research programme requires an accurate picture of the length distribution of the fish caught and landed. Each boat is considered a sampling unit. It is therefore necessary to know how to draw a sample from the fish landed in such a way as to give an accurate assessment of the length distribution of the boat's landing. This is the purpose of the present paper, which refers to the sampling of "pescada-foguete" (Macrodon ancylodon) caught by parejas of "Sociedade de Pesca Taiyo Ltda.", and landed on the fish market of Santos, State of São Paulo, Brazil. By courtesy of that firm two voyages were made during which observations on the length distribution of the fish caught were carried out. Independently, samples were taken of the fish landed from these voyages, after landing. In this way an evaluation of the sampling techniques used on the fish market was obtained. Due to the selection of the nets used, there is no rejection of "pescada-foguete" at sea and therefore the fish measured represent a boat's catch. Methods: 1 - Samples from the hauls were taken on board, at random, during two voyages, to find out if there is a significant difference in the length distributions between hauls on the same voyage. 2 - At the fish market three boxes of each size category: large - G, medium - M, and small - P, were measured: one (1) series at the beginning, the second (2) at the middle, and the third (3) at the end of the landing operation. The purpose was to see if there is a significant difference between the length distributions of each size category or if the same length distribution occurred in a given category during the entire process of landing. 3 - The grand mean, calculated according to the procedure and example given in Table VIII, for the sample quoted in item 2 above, was compared with that taken from the same vessel at sea. This shows whether the market sampling for length distribution differs significantly from that estimated from non-selected samples on the boat. The results were as follows: 1 - In the first voyage seven samples (Table I) were obtained from seven different hauls, and the means of the samples are plotted in Figure 2; the means of the second voyage (fifteen samples) drawn at random on the following trip, are plotted in Figure 3. The t test was applied for the comparison between the means and the results are shown in Tables II and III. The first three means show (Figure 2) a significant difference because at the beginning of the fishing operation several hauls were made at random to locate the shoals (Figure 1). The other four show no significant difference. The means of the second trip do not show, in general, a significant difference, probably due to the fact that the fishing was done at the same distance from the coast during the whole trip. For estimation of the variability of all samples together, analysis of variance was used (Table IV). The value of F is high in the first voyage, but not very high in the second. 2 - The difference between the mean length of the same size category taken at the beginning (1), at the middle (2), and at the end (3) of the landing was not highly significant (Tables V and VI). 3 - Table IX shows the comparison between the grand mean (see how it was computed in Table VIII) and the mean resulting from the gathering of samples obtained aboard the ship, in the first and in the second voyage. Those concerning the first trip do not show a significant difference; the same is true of two [(1) and (2)] from the second trip. The other (3) shows a significant difference because at the end of the landing some fish of bigger size than those normally considered as small were placed in the box of small fish measured. A percentage length frequency distribution of the raised market data and the boat samples (Figs. 4 and 5) shows practically no difference. Also, there is no significant difference between the samples obtained on board and those obtained on the fish market (grand mean for the two stratified samples of the first voyage, and for the three samples of the second one), as shown in Table X, i.e., the mean of two stratified samples taken at the fish market at the return from the first trip, when compared with the one obtained aboard, showed no significant difference. The same is evident with the three stratified samples obtained at the return from the second trip. The size distribution within a category is not the same for every landing (Tables VII and VIII). Therefore, from every landing a stratified sample must be drawn. Table V shows that two general means present no significant difference, but this is not so when compared with the third one. This suggests that more than one box is necessary to represent the catch of a pareja belonging to "Sociedade de Pesca Taiyo Ltda.". Table XI I shows, however, that the measurements of half a box of 25 kg, and the counting of the other half (to raise the total number of fish landed at each size category) are sufficient enough to represent the box. The most important conclusion is that a better representative sampling can be achieved by reducing the number of fish measured from each box, and increasing the number of boxes measured for fish. Thus the variance between boxes will be reduced and it will fall nearer to the variance within each box.