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Objective: To investigate the association between diet quality, nutritional status, and sarcopenia in a sample of the oldest old. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, individuals aged ≥ 80 years were enrolled. To determine their energy and macronutrient intake, 24-hour dietary recall was used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index. Nutritional status was categorized based on Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using both the 2010 and 2018 EWGSOP criteria. Electrical bioimpedance was used to calculate the muscle mass index. Muscle strength was measured through handgrip dynamometry, and muscle performance was determined with a 4-m gait speed test. To test the association between the HEI with sarcopenia, means of HEI scores were compared between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic participants using indendent t-tests. Prevalence rate ratios were calculated using a Poisson Regression model with robust estimation of standard errors. Results: The study population consisted of 119 participants, predominantly women (n = 67; 56.3%), with a mean age of 83.4 (SD, 3.0) years. The prevalence of sarcopenia varied significantly according to the classification criteria, being higher according to EWGSOP 2010 than EWGSOP 2018 criteria (46.7 vs. 17.6%), as expected. Female participants and those categorized as malnourished presented higher prevalence of sarcopenia. Nutrition quality, estimated by the Healthy Eating Index, was not associated with the outcome. Reduced total energy and high protein intake were independently associated with both sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, regardless of the diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The Health Eating Index was not associated with sarcopenia in this sample of older adults ≥80 years. Sarcopenia prevalence, as defined by the EWGSOP 2018 criteria, was higher in thosewith MNA≤24 and with reduced daily total energy comsumption independently of age, sex and education attainment. Higher protein intake, oposed to expected, was indenpendently associated with sarcopenia, possibly due to protopathic bias. Large longitudinal studies are still required to investigate the relationship between nutrition quality and Sarcopenia in 80+ aged adults.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tucumã bran (TB) in diets for slow-growing broilers at initial stage on productive performance, carcass and cuts yields, and proximate composition of the breast. Slow-growing Label Rouge broilers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments, four replications and 12 broilers per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet (without the inclusion of TB in the diets) and three levels of its inclusion (5, 10 and 15%) in the diets. Broilers received the experimental diets from 1 to 28 days of age followed by a basal diet from 29 to 56 days of age. The results of the present study indicated that the inclusion of 15% TB did not affect (p>0.05) feed intake, however, it influenced (p≤0.05) the results of weight gain and feed conversion both in the initial and final stages of management, indicating a possible influence on the use of nutrients containing in the diet. Despite the linear reduction in slaughter weight and in the percentage of available nutrients in the carcass, the increasing inclusion of TB in the diets provided greater carcass yield (p≤0.05) and viscera greater commercial interest (liver, gizzard and heart) (p≤0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to review the literature on the importance of micronutrients and water in the diet. Articles were searched on and Pubmed between the years 2013 to 2023. Micronutrients play a primary role in human metabolism and physiology; in maintaining, optimizing health and preventing disease and adequate intake is essential to maintain the body's homeostasis and its physiological functioning. In the case of water, it forms the basis for food production and the sustainable use of this resource is essential to ensure long-term productivity and build resilient capacity in food systems. Therefore, it is concluded that these compounds are essential for the maintenance of the human organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nutritional habits and anthropometric profiles are directly linked to competitive performance; however, there is a great lack of information on amateur or professional mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes outside the competitive period. The aim of this study was to compare food consumption and anthropometric profile of amateur and professional MMA fighters. The sample was composed of 24 male MMA athletes, middleweight category (age: 27.5 ± 5.0 years; body mass: 79.0 ± 12.1 kg; height: 173.5 ± 0.1 cm; %BF: 19.5 ± 4.0 %, BMI: 26.0 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Food consumption was evaluated based on three 24-hour food diaries using the Multi-Step method in a non-competitive period and analyzed using the Dietbox v2.92 software. The professional group was younger (p = 0.001) than the amateur group. Total energy expenditure was similar between amateur (4364 ± 469 kcal) and professional (4312 ± 381 kcal). Amateur and professional reported an energy deficit between the estimated energy requirement and energy intake. Carbohydrate consumption was below the suggested minimum limits (amateur: 3.3 ± 1.6g/kg/day and professional: 3.3 ± 1.4g/kg/day). Protein intake was within the suggested limits (amateur: 1.4 ± 0.9g/kg/day and professional: 1.8 ± 0.8g/kg/day) and lipids presented borderline values about to with concerning the recommendations in the literature (amateur: 0.9 ± 0.6 / g/kg/day and professional: 1.8 ± 0.9 g/kg/day). Amateur and professional athletes did not differ in terms of food consumption and anthropometric profile. Both groups, amateur and professional, demonstrated negative energy balance and inability to reach the suggested levels of macronutrient intake according to the classification. Thus, it is recommended that both MMA groups receive attention regarding nutritional strategies.

ABSTRACT Lontra longicaudis is a semi-aquatic predator which mainly feeds on fish and crustaceans, but which can opportunistically predate mammals, birds, and reptiles. In the Amazon, this species is sympatric with Paleosuchus trigonatus, one of the smallest species of crocodilians, whose possible means of defense is a very rigid skin, which causes adults to have few predators. Here we report the first documented case of predation of P. trigonatus by L. longicaudis.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet measured by the energy-adjusted diet inflammatory index (E-DII) and inflammatory markers in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil in 2016. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake from which E-DII scores were calculated to determine the inflammatory potential of the diet. The associations between E-DII and inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFNγ) were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. The variables included in the adjusted model were identified using the directed acyclic graph. RESULTS The diet of these adolescents was mostly pro-inflammatory; mean E-DII score was 1.71 and ranged from -2.44 to 5.58. Higher E-DII scores were positively associated with higher levels of IFNγ in the adjusted analysis (Adjusted Coef.: 1.19; 95%CI: 0.36–12.04). We observed no associations between E-DII and other inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-4, TNF-α). Study results indicate that E-DII is useful in evaluating the inflammatory potential of the diet of Brazilian adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectionally E-DII scores were positively associated with IFNγ concentrations. Future research should examine the association between changes in E-DII scores and levels of inflammatory markers longitudinally.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Nutrição e Esportiva is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Visual impairment is characterized as a loss of visual capacity that cannot be fully corrected with refractive correction or surgery, causing a limitation in the performance of everyday tasks. The objective was to investigate the nutritional status of individuals with visual impairment attended at a school located in the city of Pelotas-RS. It was a cross-sectional observational study, with adults and elderly people who have different degrees of visual impairment. A questionnaire consisting of 42 items was used to obtain data in addition to the anthropometric measurements that were taken to assess body composition, nutritional status and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases. 20 people, predominantly female, elderly and single, took part in the study. It was found that 55% of the participants were overweight. Furthermore, it was found that 50% of men and 60% of women were at risk of metabolic complications associated with central obesity due to high waist circumference. Therefore, individuals with visual impairments in this study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives: Hospital diets aim to improve the health, nutritional and clinical picture of hospitalized patient, reducing the risk of clinical complications, length of stay and the incidence of infections. This one study aimed to evaluate the relationship between acceptance of hospital diets and the state of nutrition of hospitalized elderly. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study and descriptive study, in which elderly people were hospitalized at the Teaching Hospital in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do South. The inclusion criteria of the study: were elderly and who could report the information or who had companions and/or guardians who could answer the questionnaire for them. Results: Regarding the state nutrition, 44.4% of the sample was classified as well nourished, whereas patients moderately malnourished and severely malnourished presented 22,2% and 33,3% respectively. The diets: pasty, and hyperproteic and hypercaloric or only highprotein showed less accepted by elderly patients internet. The diet offered in a hospital environment had low acceptance at lunch and dinner compared to snack time and in general, temperature, texture, taste and frequency of meal offer were attributes classified as good by hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate the need for further studies on the subject to better understand the relationship between acceptance of hospital diets and the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The ease of access to information about food and nutrition through social media makes it difficult to select quality information, which can cause great harm to those who use it. Objective: To analyze the influence of social media on the eating habits of bodybuilders. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with bodybuilders from a gym located in Zona da Mata Mineira, using a semistructured questionnaire composed of 22 questions. Adult individuals, bodybuilders and social network users were included in the survey. Results: The sample consisted of 92 individuals, 54.35% female. It was identified that the majority used Instagram (89%) and WhatsApp (84%), between 4 and 8 hours a day (57.6%). The majority (76.09%) followed some profile on social networks that disseminated information about food. When asked if there is someone who motivates them on social networks, 54.35% of respondents answered yes, but 40% said they did not know if such a person had an academic background and 22.86% said they did not. Due to the influence of social networks, 45.65% have consumed supplements, 54.35% food and 41.3% of participants have already followed some type of diet, mainly low carb (47.37%) and high protein (28.95%) diets. Most (55.26%) were unable to maintain the desired weight after the end of the diet and 50% had some symptom due to the diet, mainly weakness (89.47%). Conclusion: Most participants had already been influenced by social media to consume some food, and considered the academic background of people who convey information about food to be irrelevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional eating, characterized by the consumption of highly palatable and calorie dense foods in response to psychological distress and negative emotions, poses a significant challenge to global public health and well-being. Based on the studies showing the complex interplay between emotional states and dietary choices, highlighted the motivational role of relief seeking, which according to a Hull's drive reduction theory, emphasizes the role of internal drives and external cues. Inability to cope with negative feelings and/or high tension indicates that emotion regulation can be a critical factor in maintaining well-being, as adaptive regulation protects against negative emotions and external stressors; which if not developed properly, can lead to avoidant coping strategies, which can contribute to eating disorder symptoms. Therefore, dysregulation of the hedonic and homeostatic food intake, compromised cortical control, and alterations in the gut signaling are implicated in obesity triggered by stress-induced eating. Therefore this review aim to further discuss these observations to provide better understanding of the role of emotional eating in providing a relief from the psychological distress, emphasizing impact of the food on the reward system; while providing insights in emerging holistic mitigating approaches which by promoting alternative coping mechanisms and adequate nutrition and supplementation, may help to aid the emotional eating management and reduce burden on related to that illnesses.

Objectives: Rural residents are exposed to many risk factors for poor diet quality, such as low socioeconomic status and food insecurity. However, the differences between urban and rural residents regarding the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance have not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance in urban and rural areas in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian older adults. Methods: The sample included 9,412 adults aged 50 years or older from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros [ELSI]). The association between consumption of fruits and vegetables and cognitive performance was evaluated using linear regression. Results: In 8,158 participants (mean age 61.6 ± 9.3 years, 54% women, 44% White, and 15% from rural areas), the mean frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was 2.0 ± 1.3 times a day. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with better memory (β = 0.031, 95%CI 0.014-0.049), verbal fluency (β = 0.030, 95%CI 0.004-0.056), and global cognition (β = 0.035, 95%CI 0.015-0.055) performance in urban, but not rural residents (p for interaction = 0.036). Conclusion: Higher frequency of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with better cognitive performance in urban, but not in rural areas in Brazil.

Objective: Daily fruit and vegetable consumption is a critical factor in health, especially aging. This study aimed to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and daily fruit and vegetable consumption in men and women aged ≥ 50 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study used 2015–2016 data from the Brazilian longitudinal study of aging (ELSI-Brazil), which included 8665 individuals aged ≥ 50 years. Daily fruit and vegetable consumption was the dependent variable, and income, education, sex, age, and race were the independent variables. Associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and the independent variables were determined using Poisson regression. Results: Individuals who had completed higher education (OR 2.40; 95% CI 2.07–2.78), whose income was > 3 times the minimum wage (OR 2.42; 95% CI 2.18–2.68), and those aged > 80 years (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.27–1.63) were more likely to consume fruits and vegetables. However, men (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.58–0.67), Blacks (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.65–0.84), and people of mixed race (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.63–0.73), were less likely to consume fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: The results show inequality in fruit and vegetable consumption among people aged ≥ 50 years, which was lower among men, people of Black or mixed race, people with low income and education, and those with younger age. Interventions areneeded to promote fruit and vegetable consumption, and thus healthy aging, among these groups.

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased exponentially over the last few years in Brazil and worldwide. This fact is closely related to food, constituted by the growing consumption of ultra-processed products. Individuals with worse socioeconomic conditions are restricted to less healthy and varied food patterns, with lower quality, but more accessible in monetary terms. Objective: to evaluate the nutritional profile and eating practices of recyclers. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, with workers, of both sexes, members of a waste recycling cooperative in the city of Passo Fundo, RS. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were assessed using the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP) questionnaire, dietary practices were assessed using the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population questionnaire, and nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Results: There was a high prevalence of inadequate nutritional status, especially overweight (n=32; 59.3%) and inappropriate or risky eating practices (n=41; 78.9%). Most respondents belong to the lowest economic classes (n=49; 92.5%) and have low education (n=42; 77.8%). Conclusion: The results found corroborate concerns about the nutritional profile of the Brazilian population, overweight and poor diet. Knowing the nutritional profile and associated factors of recyclers is essential in adopting strategies that promote better quality food, better health conditions and quality of life for vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing & Health is the property of Journal of Nursing & Health (JONAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maternal and child nutrition is gaining more and more space on the global agenda as one of the fundamental pillars for health, the first thousand days of a child's life is considered critical and essential to reduce or increase risk factors for the development of diseases, in this sense, the objective of this review is to evaluate the impacts of food and nutrition during the gestational period on fetal formation and development and child health, through a literature review, based on the databases of the Virtual Health Library and PubMed, using the descriptors (pregnancy) AND (food and nutrition) for the VHL and (Pregnancy) AND (Food, and Nutrition) for PubMed, with a time frame of the last 5 years. Direct impacts of nutrition during pregnancy on fetal bone, brain and immunological development have been identified, in addition to direct impacts on the health and development of the child over the years. Adequate nutritional planning and monitoring, considering the recommendations of the World Health Organization for the demands of these stages of life, promote the health of women and the fetus, with impacts during their development and over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of fruits and vegetables seems to contribute to the prevention and/or delay of depression, cognitive decline and, indirectly, to functional dependence, at the same time that it can be influenced by these clinical conditions. The objective of this study was to verify the association between depression, functional capacity, cognitive status and consumption of fruits and vegetables in elderly people in Joinville-SC. A study with secondary data collection carried out in 2021 that assessed depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale, functional capacity using the PFEFFER Functional Activities Questionnaire, and cognitive status using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) was quantified using a food frequency questionnaire and was classified according to regularity. A total of 61 elderly were evaluated, of which 23% had depressive symptoms, 18% functional dependence in instrumental activities of daily living, 14.8% cognitive decline. A low frequency of elderly people with regular consumption of vegetables (36.1%), as well as associated fruits and vegetables (29.5%) was identified. On the other hand, the frequency of regular fruit consumption was high (73.8%) and was associated with a lower frequency of depressive symptoms and functional dependence. It was observed that elderly people with depressive symptoms, functional dependence and cognitive decline consumed FV irregularly.

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with systemic inflammation and comorbidities. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and metabolic syndrome. Characterizing the intestinal microbiome of patients with psoriasis may be relevant for the understanding of its clinical course and comorbidity prevention. Objective To characterize the intestinal microbiome of men with psoriasis compared to omnivore and vegetarian controls (without psoriasis). Method Cross-sectional study of 42 adult males: 21 omnivores with psoriasis; and controls: 14 omnivores and 7 vegetarian individuals. The characterization of the intestinal microbiome was performed by metagenomic analysis. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Results The groups differed from each other regarding nutritional aspects and microbiome; individuals with psoriasis had a higher consumption of protein and lower consumption of fibers. Levels of LPB, CRP, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were higher in the group with psoriasis than in the vegetarian group (p < 0.05). The genera Prevotella, Mogibacterium, Dorea, Bifidobacterium and Coprococcus, differed in the group with psoriasis compared to vegetarians; the genera Mogibacterium, Collinsella and Desulfovibrio differed from omnivores. A microbiome pattern linked to psoriasis (plsPSO) was identified, which was associated with higher LPB levels (rho = 0.39; p = 0.02), and lower dietary fiber intake (rho = −0.71; p < 0.01). Study limitations Only adult men were evaluated. Conclusion A difference was identified in the intestinal microbiome of adult men with psoriasis when compared to healthy omnivores and vegetarian controls. The identified microbiome pattern was correlated with dietary fiber intake and serum levels of LPB.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Inadequate diet and nutritional status are important risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In Brazil, the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) has stood out for its high prevalence of obesity. Objective: To evaluate the temporal trend of indicators of food consumption and nutritional status related to NCDs in the adult population of the city of RJ and other Brazilian capitals. Method: Vigitel data between 2006 and 2019 were used. Prais-Winsten regression was used to evaluate the variation in the prevalence of interest indicators. These were defined based on the goals of the National Plan for Food and Nutritional Security (Plano Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional – 2016-19) and the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs in Brazil (Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das DCNT no Brasil – 2011-22). Results: Regular and recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables and regular consumption of sweets did not present significant variation, while the regular consumption of soft drinks decreased in RJ and other capitals during the period. The prevalence of excess weight and obesity increased significantly in RJ and in other capitals. Conclusions: The trend of the indicators reveals an unfavorable scenario for the health’s population and to achieve the goals proposed in the national plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the microbial composition and diversity of bodybuilders. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 5 bodybuilding athletes, young adults aged between = 18 and < 30 years who were in the off-season. Data were collected on age, ethnicity, marital status, education, bowel habits, use of supplements, food consumption and physical activity. The nutritional parameters of weight, height, waist circumference and body fat percentage were evaluated. The analysis of the intestinal microbiota of the feces was performed using the method of sequencing the amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene, V3-V4 region of bacterial DNA. Results: Mean age was 23.4 ±4.0 years, mean body mass index was 30.4 ±4.1 kg/m2 and body fat percentage was 9.2 ±1.5%. The average amount of calories and protein per kg of body weight was 56.3 kcal and 3.9 g, respectively. Average amount of daily fiber was 55.65 g/day. The fecal microbiota alpha diversity index was within the normal range for all athletes. In the evaluation of the enterotype, 80% presented enterotype 2 with dominance of the genus Prevotella in relation to the genus Bacteroides. Of the intestinal health marker bacteria, 80% had Roseburia, 20% Faecalibacterium, 100% Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Conclusion: The bodybuilding athletes presented intestinal microbiota diversity within the normal range and predominance of enterotype 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and in Brazil. There is currently increasing concern about the effects of glyphosate on human health. The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection showed data on the presence of glyphosate in some of Brazil’s most consumed ultra-processed products. Currently, regulations on the upper limit for these residues in ultra-processed foods have yet to be established by the National Health Surveillance, and ultra-processed food consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease. Methods: Since an unbalanced diet can interfere with kidney function, this study aims to investigate the effect of daily intake of 5 mg/kg bw glyphosate in conjunction with a balanced diet and the possible impact on renal function in rats. Kidney function, kidney weight, markers of renal injury, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: There was a decrease in kidney weight. The main histopathological alterations in renal tissues were vacuolation in the initial stage and upregulation of the kidney injury marker KIM-1. Renal injury is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Conclusion: This study showed changes in the kidney of rats exposed to a balanced diet with glyphosate, suggesting a potential risk to human kidney. Presumably, ultra-processed food that contain glyphosate can potentiate this risk. The relevance of these results lies in drawing attention to the need to regulate glyphosate concentration in ultra-processed foods in the future.

Abstract: This study aimed to identify lifestyle changes and associated sociodemographic factors in women and men participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal study with 3,776 (aged 58.8 years; SD ± 8.5) employees of public higher education institutions in the second follow-up and the wave-COVID of ELSA-Brasil. Data collected using structured questionnaires. An exploratory analysis was performed using binary and multinomial logistic regression on the dependent variables with two and three categories, respectively, by obtaining crude and adjusted odds ratio estimates in SPSS 20.0, considering a p-value < 0.05. There was a reduction in physical activity of 195.5 (SD ± 1,146.4) metabolic equivalents per week in women and 240.5 (SD ± 1,474.2) in men, and in smoking by 15.2%. There was an increase in alcohol consumption in men and women (434.2 ± 5,144.0; and 366.1 ± 4,879.0, respectively), in the food quality score (0.8 ± 3.7, women; 0.5 ± 3.7, men), sleeping time (0.4 ± 1.2, women; 0.5 ± 1.1, men), screen time (1.7 ± 2.4, women; 1.4 ± 2.3, men), and sitting time (1.7 ± 2.6, women; 1.5 ± 2.4, men) (hours/day). In total, 18.6% increased the purchase of ultra-processed foods and 36% increased the purchase of natural foods. Age and work activity contributed to increase the chance of purchasing ultra-processed foods, and age and adherence to social distancing influenced the shift to a more sedentary behavior, while income and active work favored the increase in alcoholic beverage consumption. These factors should be considered when developing public policies to avoid individual behaviors that are harmful to health during pandemics.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal and blood parameters in lambs fed diets containing of crude glycerin. Four castrated lambs of Santa Ines breed with an average weight of 25.0 kg were used. The evaluated diets contained four levels of crude glycerin (0.0, 50.0, 100.0 and 150.0 g kg DM-1). All diets were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of growing and finishing lambs. The ingredients were: Brachiaria dyctioneura hay as roughage, ground corn grain, soybean meal, urea, mineral salt and crude glycerin. The complete diet provided to the animals was composed of 500 g kg-1 roughage and 500 g kg-1 concentrate on DM basis. A 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design was used. The highest intake (P0.05) the apparent digestibility and ruminal N-NH3, pH, ciliate protozoa and blood urea. Therefore, diets containing crude glycerin influenced dry matter intake, with the highest value being around 40 g kg DM-1. Likewise, diets containing crude glycerin influenced the N consumed and absorbed with maximum crude glycerin points of 36.9 and 28.4 g kg DM-1.

The structure of cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocyte nuclei, and cardiac collagen fibers in 48 adult Zebrafish was quantitatively evaluated under conditions of high-calorie diet and physical exercise. The volumetric density (Vv%) of cardiomyocytes was 54.71% ± 5.42 in the GM (maintenance diet) group and 44.31% ± 6.21 in the GMex (maintenance diet + physical exercise) group, P=0.0142. For the GH (high-calorie diet) group, the volumetric density was 62.71% ± 7.4, and for the GHex (high-calorie diet + physical exercise) group, it was 65.21% ± 2.29, P=0.028. The volumetric density (Vv%) of cardiomyocyte nuclei was 18.29% ± 5.28 in the GM group and 16.71% ± 1.25 in the GMex group, P=0.5384. For the GH group, it was 16.14% ± 5.69, and for the GHex group, it was 14.14% ± 1.21, P=0.3738. The volumetric density (Vv%) of collagen fibers was 7% ± 0.86 in the GM group and 4.89% ± 2.14 in the GMex group, P=0.0391. For the GH group, it was 4% ± 1.73, and for the GHex group, it was 3.33% ± 2.23, P=0.0412. The cardiac structure underwent structural modifications in the muscle cells and in the amounts of connective tissue, thus confirming the effectiveness of the model and protocol used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to evaluate the profile of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) and the cholesterol of lamb meat from the crossing of breeds Santa Inês x Dorper handled in the Campomar Farm and subjected to production systems with Experimental and Conventional diet. We used six lambs from the crossing of Santa Inês x Dorper with experimental diet and 6 without experimental diet, uncastrated male, recently weaned with 15 kg of body weight according to completely randomized design with two treatments and six repetitions. Comparisons of the contrasts between treatment averages were made by the Tukey test at 5% and the analysis of variance according to procedures of SAS (1996). The experimental diet provided to the animals was composed of 100% concentrate in the diet consisting of grain corn + pelleted supplement, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate and vitamin and mineral supplements, making isoproteic (17% of PB) and isoenergetic (2.95 Mcal/kg of MS of metabolizable energy) diets, according to NRC (2006), while in the conventional diet, the animals were fed large (50%) and concentrate (50%) corn, wheat and soybeans. In the centesimal composition of the palette of lambs subjected to experimental and conventional production systems, only the mineral matter was influenced (P<0.05) with lower value in the experimental system (1.09%) compared to the conventional (1.43%). For the parameters moisture, gross protein and fat and cholesterol (P>0.05) there was no effect of treatments. It was observed that the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were not affected (P> 0.05) by the treatments, however, the polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:2 (linoleic) was higher (4.72%) in the meat of lambs from the experimental system compared to (3.72%) observed in the meat of lambs reared in the conventional system. The palette of lambs subjected to experimental production and conventional systems, was similar on centesimal composition (exception mineral matter), no significant differences in two treatments studied, the fatty acid profile and cholesterol (with the exception of linoleic acid) in the two treatments evaluated in the palette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To provide baseline life history information for some of the many small fishes found in blackwater forest streams in the Colombian Amazon near the town of Leticia, we describe trophic aspects of five species of fishes. Collections were made in April (high water), July (falling water) and November (rising water) of 1999. Diverse fishing gear was used, and sampling occurred in the afternoon and night, and usually lasted an average of five hours. We studied stomach contents of four characids: Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope 1870), Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann 1908, Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier 1816, Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner 1882) and one cichlid: Bujurquina cf. peregrinabunda (Eigenmann 1922). Most are feeding generalists but M. melogramma had a great preference for aquatic invertebrates, and B. cf. peregrinabunda ate both aquatic invertebrates and fishes.

ABSTRACT Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia is the only turtle of the family Geoemydidae with part of its range in Brazil. The species is semi-aquatic and widely distributed across the Amazon basin but is still poorly studied. We evaluated aspects of the population structure, habitat use, seasonal activity, and diet of the species during one year, from the beginning of the rainy season to the end of the dry season, in two headwater localities in the Tocantins and Tapajós river basins, in the state of Pará, Brazil. We captured 45 individuals, 14 in the Tocantins basin and 31 in the Tapajós basin. The size-class frequency distributions of captured individuals did not differ between the two samples. The turtles were most frequently captured in first-order streams, followed by lentic (third-order dammed streams) and second-order streams. The capture rate did not vary significantly between sampling periods (start and peak of the rainy season; start and end of the dry season). The trapping effort to capture a single individual was much higher in the Tapajós basin (1,215 trap-hours) than in the Tocantins basin (136 trap-hours). Overall, the low capture rates confirm the secretive nature of the species in Amazonia and its apparent rarity. The individuals analyzed in this study consumed mainly plants.

Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed to evaluate the replacement of corn by tucumã meal in diets for commercial laying hens on performance, egg quality and economic viability analysis. The experimental period during 84 days, with four cycles of 21 days each. 180 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks-of-age) were used. The experimental method completely randomized with the treatments constituted by six levels of corn replacement by tucumã meal (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and five replicates of six birds each. Were evaluated the performance, egg quality and economical viability. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression (P = 0.05) after a significant ANOVA result. Feed intake raised (P < 0.05) from 60% replacement of corn by tucumã meal in the diets. After this level, the feed intake and egg production drastically reduced. These results directly reflect on feed conversion kg.kg-1 and kg.dz-1. All results of egg mass from birds fed tucumã meal were lower than control diet. Egg weight and %shell reduce from 40% replacement corn by tucumã meal. Up to this level, there was an increased in %yolk and %albumen, albumen height, yolk height and yolk color. In 100% of replacement, there was a considerable reduction on egg quality. The replacement of corn by tucumã meal affected all parameters of economic viability. The results indicate that it's possible replaced 60% of corn by tucumã meal in diets for commercial laying hens, without negative effect on performance and egg quality, and presenting good economic viability. 100% of replacement present worse results. The results of other levels did not differ among themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate how sociodemographic factors and food intake affect survey respondents’ perceptions of the quality of their diet. Methods. This cross-sectional analysis is based on a nonprobability sample of 374 participants in Jamaica aged ≥18 years. The three-stage process used a simple random sample to select three parishes; the main commercial areas of each parish were chosen for sampling. To ensure the inclusion of a cross-section that was as representative as possible, the sample included both public and private sector businesses, such as those in retail, hospitality and tourism as well as nongovernmental organizations. Employees and patrons completed a questionnaire regarding their food consumption and their perception of their own diet. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to evaluate the nonlinear relationships among the variables. The results of the analysis guided the specification of a multivariate logistic regression model that was used to estimate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, food intake and perceived eating patterns. Results. The average predicted probability of perceiving a diet as unhealthy was reduced when the respondent was male, economically active, in good health, and married or in a common-law relationship. The probability of perceiving a diet as unhealthy was increased for respondents with a college degree and those living in ahousehold that had a male as the sole head. Consuming healthful food and drink reduced the perception of having a poor diet and vice versa, indicating there are possibly connections between food intake, the perception of diet quality and actual diet quality. Conclusions. This exploratory analysis established links between perceived diet quality, eating habits and sociodemographic factors. The impact on the perception of diet quality can be negative or positive, depending on the variable under consideration.

Objective. To assess the ability of low-income families to obtain a standard basket of healthy foods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The costs of 191 food items were averaged from supermarkets, municipal markets, wholesalers, and community food outlets in high- and low-income areas in three Caribbean countries. The analysis compared foods not only by selecting high- and low-ranked commodities but by the proportions of those foods, by food group, that will be required to meet a low-cost, nutritionally balanced diet of 2 400 kcal. Results. The main finding was that low-income households will need between 22% and 47% of their earnings to obtain a healthy diet. Despite higher food prices in Saint Kitts and Nevis, low-income households there will need a smaller proportion of their income to obtain a similar basket of foods than in Jamaica or Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Conclusions. While the COVID-19 pandemic has added economic stressors to low-income households the basic vulnerability of the poor to obtain a healthy diet remains. Despite country variations, the findings point to the need for an increase in the minimum wage, particularly in Jamaica. It is essential to embed policies that ensure reduced economic and social vulnerability at the household level.

Objective. To identify and assess the determinants of unhealthy dietary habits among a sample of survey participants in Jamaica. Methods. Because of resource constraints, this cross-sectional assessment is based on a three-stage non-probability sample of 374 survey respondents in Jamaica aged ≥18 years. Firstly, three administrative areas (parishes) were randomly selected. Secondly, the main commercial areas within the selected parishes were identified, from which a non-probability sample of establishments was drawn. A broad selection of establishments covering public, private, and nongovernmental organizations was chosen. This array of establishments was selected to capture a sample of respondents that was as representative as possible. Patrons and employees in the selected establishments were asked to complete a questionnaire. Results. Respondents’ self-assessment of their general consumption revealed that 48.4% were unhealthy eaters. Among these, the top reasons for generally unhealthy dietary choices were greater accessibility of unhealthy foods (63.5%) and limited time to prepare healthy meals (61.3%). Additionally, 52.5% indicated “unhealthy foods cost less,” and 47.0% identified affordability as the main factor in the food choice equation. Findings revealed that the determinants of eating unhealthily tended to vary across income, age, and gender. Female, younger, and lower-income respondents have a higher likelihood of being impacted by the factors. Conclusions. The largest proportions of the sample identified limited time to prepare healthy meals and the ease of access to unhealthy foods as the foremost determinants of unhealthy eating habits. These barriers to healthy eating are more likely to impact survey participants in the 18–34 age group.