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As rodovias são essenciais para o desenvolvimento econômico de um país, em contrapartida são uma das principais causas de fragmentação de habitat e perda de biodiversidade. A colisão de animais silvestres com veículos é a principal causa de morte nas estradas, podendo acarretar na alteração das dinâmicas populacionais e no comportamento das espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os atropelamentos de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em quatro transectos nas estradas do norte do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Os transectos variaram de 193 a 242 km de extensão e foram percorridos uma vez por mês, entre novembro de 2016 a outubro de 2018. Após 20.592 km percorridos foram registradas aproximadamente 330 carcaças, sendo que destas, 66 mamíferos de médio e grande porte apresentaram condições de coleta. A Ordem com maior incidência foi Didelphimorphia, seguido por Carnivora e Cingulata. A maior concentração de atropelamentos ocorreu na PR-445, entre os municípios de Mauá da Serra e Tamarana, ambos no estado do Paraná. A mortalidade de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, como L. wiedii, L. guttulus e P. concolor é preocupante. Nossos resultados podem ajudar gestores e órgãos competentes responsáveis pelas estradas a mitigar os atropelamentos, com placas de sinalização de vida silvestre, radares e passagens de fauna em áreas críticas, como o trecho de maior número de registros. .

Abstract Endometriosis is a complex disease that affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age. Familial studies show that relatives of affected patients have a higher risk of developing the disease, implicating a genetic role for this disorder. Little is known about the impact of germline genomic copy number variant (CNV) polymorphisms on the heredity of the disease. In this study, we describe a rare CNV identified in two sisters with familial endometriosis, which contain genes that may increase the susceptibility and progression of this disease. We investigated the presence of CNVs from the endometrium and blood of the sisters with endometriosis and normal endometrium of five women as controls without the disease using array-CGH through the Agilent 2x400K platform. We excluded common CNVs that were present in the database of genomic variation. We identified, in both sisters, a rare CNV gain affecting 113kb at band 3q12.2 involving two candidate genes: ADGRG7 and TFG. The CNV gain was validated by qPCR. ADGRG7 is located at 3q12.2 and encodes a G protein-coupled receptor influencing the NF-kappaβ pathway. TFG participates in chromosomal translocations associated with hematologic tumor and soft tissue sarcomas, and is also involved in the NF-kappa B pathway. The CNV gain in this family provides a new candidate genetic marker for future familial endometriosis studies. Additional longitudinal studies of affected families must confirm any associations between this rare CNV gain and genes involved in the NF-kappaβ pathway in predisposition to endometriosis.

A asma é uma das doenças respiratórias crônicas mais recorrentes e afeta crianças e adultos, sendo um problema mundial de saúde que acomete cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em analisar os impactos de ações educativas envolvendo pessoas com asma em um projeto de extensão universitária. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, no qual participaram 19 pessoas com diagnóstico médico de asma que participaram de ações educativas de um projeto de extensão universitária. A coleta de dados se deu por entrevista semiestruturada, na qual foram abordados os seguintes aspectos: a convivência com a doença, o interesse na participação do projeto, os impactos na vida cotidiana, o atendimento das expectativas e a participação em projetos semelhantes. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2018 e maio de 2019 e foram organizados em categorias não apriorísticas. Os resultados das ações educativas relatadas pelos voluntários evidenciaram que os participantes estão adaptados à doença, porém, com dificuldades em momentos de crise. A busca pela informação, ampliação da rede de cuidado, busca de amparo e curiosidade foram relatados como os interesses na participação do projeto. O conhecimento/ autoconhecimento, mudança de comportamento, incentivo, controle da doença, qualidade de vida e conscientização foram os impactos na vida cotidiana dos participantes. Assim, conclui-se que as ações educativas desenvolvidas por um projeto de extensão universitária tiveram impacto positivo na vida das pessoas com asma, o que permitiu que estas tivessem um melhor conhecimento da doença e enxergassem as possibilidades de controle e melhor qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: Doenças Respiratórias Crônicas; Educação Em Saúde; Ensino Impacts of educational interventions involving individuals with asthma in a university extension project Abstract: Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases and affects children and adults, being a global health problem that affects around 300 million people. This study analyzed the impacts of educational interventions involving individuals with asthma in a university extension project. This paper is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, grouping 19 volunteers who have received a medical diagnosis of asthma and have participated in educational interventions in a university extension project. Semi-standardized interviews collected data on the following: disease familiarity, desire to participate in the project, daily life impacts, expectations on follow-up, and participation in similar projects. Data were collected between September 2018 and May 2019 and were organized in non a priori categories. The results of educational interventions reported by volunteers showed that participants have adapted to their condition, yet they face significant challenges during asthma crisis. Search for information, care network expansion, support, institution reputation, and curiosity were reported as motivations for participating in the project. Impacts on participants' daily lives included knowledge/self-knowledge, behavior change, encouragement, disease control, life quality, and awareness. We concluded that the educational initiatives carried out by the university extension project positively impacted the lives of individuals with asthma, allowing them to have more excellent knowledge about their condition and empowering them to assert more control over their health and quality of life. Keywords: Chronic Respiratory Diseases; Health Education; Teaching

Introduction: Data mining techniques expand access to important information for the decision-making process during health care. The objective the study proposes using data mining techniques to identify variables (surgical treatment protocols, patient characteristics, post-surgical complications) associated with fistulas after primary palatoplasty in patients with unilateral transforamen incisor cleft (UTIC). Method: A data set of 222 patients with UTIC without syndromes, operated by four surgeons with Furlow’s or von Langenbeck’s primary palatoplasty techniques, was analyzed for this study. Two models for detecting the outcome of surgery were induced using data mining techniques (Decision Tree and Apriori). Results: Five rules were selected from a decision tree pointing to some variables as predictors of fistulas associated with primary palatoplasty: infection, cough, hypernasality, and surgeon. Analysis of the model indicates that it correctly classifies 95.9% of occurrences between the absence and presence of fistulas. The second model indicates that the absence of post-surgical complications (infection and fever) and normal speech results (absent hypernasality, without suggestive of velopharyngeal dysfunction) are related to the absence of fistulas. Regarding surgical procedures, the Furlow technique and the Vomer flap were more frequent in patients with fistulas. Conclusion: Data mining techniques, as applied in the present study, pointed to infection and cough, hypernasality, and surgeon and surgical techniques as predictors of fistulas related to primary palatoplasty.

Objetivo Averiguar os artigos científicos relacionados ao custo do Serviço de Assistência Domiciliária para pacientes em cuidados paliativos oncológicos. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, que incluiu artigos primários indexados nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Embase, Science Direct e Scielo, utilizando os descritores neoplasms; oncology; home care; palliative care; costs analysis; costs. Resultados Foram incluídos dez estudos, sendo três do Reino Unido, três da Espanha, seguidos de dois da Itália, um dos Estados Unidos da América e um do Canadá. Os estudos demonstraram menor custo no internamento domiciliário com acompanhamento de equipas de saúde, inclusive quando analisado pacientes oncológicos em fase terminal e prognóstico da doença. Conclusão Evidenciou-se que os custos da assistência prestada a pacientes em cuidados paliativos oncológicos são menores em ambiente domiciliário do que a nível hospitalar.

O handebol é uma modalidade esportiva coletiva com variação de movimentos envolvendo capacidades físicas distintas. Para mensurar a intensidade do exercício, podemos utilizar a frequência cardíaca (FC), a concentração de lactato sanguíneo [La] e a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE). Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) investigar se a PSE está associada à intensidade do exercício medido por variáveis ​​fisiológicas e; 2) se há diferença entre a PSE mensurada 10 e 30 minutos após o término da sessão de treino. Dezoito jogadoras (>6 meses de prática) de handebol feminino (15 ± 3,2 anos, 53,8 ± 7,6 kg, 164,2 ± 6,4 cm) foram submetidas a 4 sessões de treinamento com duração de 120 minutos e mesma combinação de exercícios, porém, realizados com diferentes intensidades, leve (40% FC de reserva) e moderada (60% FC de reserva). Foram avaliadas a FC, [La] (antes, durante e após o treino) e a PSE (10 e 30 minutos após treino). A FC foi significativamente menor para o treinamento de intensidade leve (124 ± 10,6 bpm) comparado com o treinamento de intensidade moderada (141 ± 9,2 bpm), mesmo comportamento foi observado para a [La] (1,9 ± 0,4 mmol vs 5,5 ± 1,2mmol) e PSE (3,0 ± 0,7 vs 4,5 ± 1,04) diferenciando as sessões (leve vs moderada), contudo, sem diferenças entre os tempos de mensuração da PSE (10 e 30 minutos). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a PSE da sessão é a mesma quando avaliada 10 ou 30 minutos após o final das sessões de treinamento no handebol e, que os treinos aplicados foram de fato diferentes entre si (leve e moderado). Isso significa que os treinadores não precisam esperar 30 minutos para avaliar a intensidade percebida do treinamento, o que facilita a logística.

A arquitetura moderna marca presença na paisagem do município de Sorocaba/SP. Entretanto, sua preservação está em risco e muitos são os desafios identificados para a conservação dessas edificações. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal apresentar um inventário de edifícios modernos de Sorocaba, destacando quatro exemplares com o respectivo estado de conservação atual. Em um primeiro momento, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa exploratória foram identificados trinta e cinco edifícios. Na segunda etapa, os quatro edifícios selecionados (Diretório Regional Agrícola (DIRA), Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI), Teatro Municipal Teotônio Villela e Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial (SENAC)) foram analisados para verificação de seu estado de conservação atual, considerando as manifestações patológicas registradas. A partir do inventário elaborado, observou-se uma demanda existente para o estabelecimento de estratégias para documentação, conservação e eventual reocupação desses edifícios. Entre os quatro edifícios destacados, o Teatro é o qual apresenta em maior grau e recorrência as anomalias. Nesse caso, foi possível concluir a íntima relação entre ausência de conservação e a presença das manifestações patológicas. Em contrapartida, o edifício do SENAC foi o qual mais se mostrou conservado e de acordo com o projeto inicial.

ABSTRACT Although patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) benefit in many ways after participating in pulmonary rehabilitation programs, high dropout rates are still observed among participants. This study aims to analyze the adherence rate and perceived satisfaction in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent high-intensity physical training on land (LG) and in water (WG). This study is an additional analysis from a randomized controlled trial. In total, 36 subjects (51%) completed the intervention. All participants underwent six months of high-intensity endurance and strength training. Adherence was assessed by the proportion of patients who completed the training program. Perceived satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire composed of structured and semi-structured questions. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the criteria of our thematic analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess data normality, and dropout rates were compared using the chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Regarding adherence, 59% of WG participants and 44% of LG participants completed the program, with no difference between the groups (p>0.05). Individuals from both groups were equally satisfied after six months of physical training (

Introduction: The occurrence of post-palatoplasty oronasal fistula (ONF) is undesirable, challenging and difficult to classify complications. The objective is to present a classification protocol for palate fistula based on the fistula's morphological, embryological criteria and symptomatology. Methods: The elaboration of the classification involved the following steps: definition of ONF; definition of anatomical references; establishment of embryological and morphological criteria; inclusion of symptomatology. Discussion: The established protocol includes strategies for identifying anatomical references of complex visualization such as foramen (FI) and the transition area between the hard and soft palate. From the point of view of embryology, the fistula can be classified as PREFI (located in the region before the FI), POSFI (located in the region after the FI) and PREPO (which affects both the region before and after the FI). The morphological criterion establishes as areas: region-1: prealveolar and/or the alveolar arch; region-2: hard palate before FI; region-3: hard palate after FI; region-4: transition between hard and soft palate; and region-5: soft palate. Symptom identification includes hypernasality, ear infections and nasal reflux, in addition to asymptomatic fistulas. Obtaining adequate intraoral photographs facilitates the protocol's applicability, and the positioning for the photographic image requires the visualization of the palatal face of the upper incisor teeth. Conclusion: The Brosco-Dutka protocol for the classification of palate fistula was developed for use by the craniofacial team during a face-to-face consultation or photographic image analysis. The proposal presents illustrations to guide the proper use of the criteria.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is currently the indicated treatment for morbid obesity and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) technique is widely used worldwide, even for super obese patients. In Brazil, RYGB is the most chosen technique of bariatric surgeons. Although, anastomosis or stapling line dehiscences are one of the most feared surgical complications. Case Report: A patient with gastrojejunal anastomosis fistula after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass communicating with the surgical wound was successfully treated with conservative endoscopic treatment. After diagnosis, the patient underwent upper digestive endoscopy in operating room with introduction of a nasoenteral tube. Eleven days later, a second endoscopy was performed with dilation of the gastrojejunal anastomosis with a Savary-Gilliard bougie. The fistula closed at the day 21 counting from the date of his diagnosis. Conclusion: From this report, it's concluded that the conservative approach of post-RYGB fistulas in stable patients with endoscopic aid for positioning the nasoenteral tube and dilation with a bougie can reserve good therapeutic results for the management of this complication and avoid more surgical interventions complex.

O tabagismo é uma das maiores causas de mortalidade no mundo, aproximadamente 16 mil pessoas morrem por dia com as doenças que são provocadas pela fumaça de cigarro, esse valor inclui tabagistas ativos e passivos. A exposição à fumaça que contém aproximadamente 4,7 mil substâncias tóxicas modifica o revestimento das vias aéreas. O exercício físico regular é importante para melhorar as lesões teciduais provocadas pela exposição da fumaça de cigarro. Estudos mostram que o hábito de fumar está relacionado ao consumo de álcool, 80 a 95% dos tabagistas também são etilistas Metodologia: Será realizado um estudo experimental composto por 80 animais divididos aleatoriamente em oito grupos: GC: grupo controle; GT: grupo tabagista; GA: grupo alcoólico; GTA: grupo tabagista e alcoólico; GTE: grupo tabagista e exercício; GAE: grupo alcoólico e exercício; GTAE: grupo tabagista, alcoólico e exercício; GCE: grupo controle exercício. Será realizada autopsia para retirada dos pulmões e posterior análise histopatológica utilizando-se da coloração de hematoxilina-eosina e alcian blue para avaliação do infiltrado inflamatório e muco, respectivamente. Os resultados serão avaliados pelo teste ANOVA e nível de significância de 5%.

Introduction: The identification of complications of primary palatoplasty may vary among professionals from different areas of health due to the lack of standardization of the fistula classification. This study aimed to verify the consensus among professionals of plastic surgery (PC) and Speech-Language Pathology (SLP), regarding the occurrence of fistula, according to what was reported in the same craniofacial service. Methods: Analysis of the chart's records of the areas of the PC and SLP of 466 patients with cleft lip and palate was performed about the presence and location of fistula about the presence and location of fistulas, as reported in 466 medical records of patients with a history of unilateral cleft lip and palate. To compare the findings between both areas, a gold standard classification for the occurrence of fistula (GSF) was established by an experienced plastic surgeon. Results: The PC area reported that 25% of the 466 patients had a fistula compared to the 37% reported by the SLP, while the GSF indicated fistula in 35% of the cases. The Kappa statistic reveals regular agreement between GSF and PC (r = 0.32) and substantial agreement between GSF and SLP (r = 0.63). Conclusion: There was a discrepancy between the areas of Speech-Language Pathology and plastic surgery regarding the occurrence and location of the fistula after primary palatoplasty in the same craniofacial center. The data indicates the need to create and implement a standardized fistula classification system. In this way, craniofacial teams can use it effectively, taking advantage of the scientific evidence that emerges from the results of cleft lip and palate treatment.

Um dos herbicidas mais usados no Brasil, Ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), possui grau III de periculosidade. Sua excreção é principalmente renal, o que pode acarretar danos a esse sistema. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as possíveis alterações histopatológicas em rins de camundongos da linhagem Swiss causadas pela exposição ao Ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético. Para o experimento foram utilizados 80 camundongos Swiss adultos machos divididos em grupos, sendo esses, então, expostos ao herbicida. Após a eutanásia e autópsia, foram retirados os rins, e analisados histologicamente. O resultado obtido da análise estatística da área tubular e área da luz renal, juntamente com trabalhos já publicados, demonstraram que existe pouca evidência cientifica que mostre potencial inflamatório e/ou mutagênico da exposição aguda ao ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, porém, alterações podem existir levando-se em conta uma exposição crônica ao herbicida, logo, é necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas para futuros esclarecimentos e tomadas de decisões.

Estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva podem fornecer explicações sobre o sucesso na colonização de novas áreas, dado que características biológicas associadas às espécies invasoras podem conferir vantagem na invasão. Objetivamos avaliar variações de características reprodutivas de peixes invasores em lagoas e rios livres de barragens. Foram estudadas populações de Serrasalmus marginatus, Loricariichthys platymetopon, Ossancora eigenmanni, Auchenipterus osteomystax e Trachelyopterus galeatus em habitat lêntico (Lagoas 1 e 2) e lótico (rios Pirapozinho e Anhumas) durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Fêmeas predominaram na maioria das populações (χ2, α < 0,05). Fêmeas de L. platymetopon e T. galeatus apresentaram maior índice gonadossomático durante a estação chuvosa no rio Anhumas e na Lagoa 2, respectivamente (teste de Mann-Whitney, α < 0,05). Populações de S. marginatus, L. platymetopon, O. eigenmanni e T. galeatus apresentaram atividade reprodutiva muito intensa na Lagoa 1. Trachelyopterus galeatus apresentou atividade reprodutiva muito intensa nas duas lagoas e no rio Pirapozinho. Enquanto algumas espécies exibem alto investimento reprodutivo, independentemente do tipo de habitat (T. galeatus), outras podem apresentar variações (S. marginatus e L. platymetopon). Fêmeas em maiores razões sexuais, alto investimento reprodutivo, cuidado parental, fertilização interna e desova parcelada podem ser características que favorecem o estabelecimento na área receptora. Serrasalmus marginatus e L. platymetopon apresentam estratégia de história de vida intermediária Equíbrio/Sazonal e Equilíbrio, respectivamente, enquanto A. osteomystax e T. galeatus apresentam estratégia Sazonal. Por apresentarem indivíduos que se dispersam, sobrevivem e se reproduzem em diferentes tipos de habitat, essas espécies possuem extensa área de ocorrência e invadiram com sucesso a bacia do alto rio Paraná. Portanto, são necessárias ações que controlem as populações e minimizem seus impactos.

Urochloa brizantha is the main forage grass to raise cattle in Brazil, but salt stress can reduce yield. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to salt stress remain poorly understood in this species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the responses of three cultivars of U. brizantha to in vitro salt stress. Seeds of three cultivars (Piatã, Marandu, and Xaraés) germinated in filter paper and then transferred to growth on culture media in vitro containing 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1 of sodium chloride (NaCl). Biometric parameters and proline content were determined after 28 days. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the separation of means was performed by the LSD test (p

Decision-making after a diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on many determining factors, one of the most important is undoubtedly the histological grade. The Gleason grading system for prostate carcinoma is the dominant method used worldwide in research and daily practice. To determine the relationship between tumor grade in needle biopsy samples and after a prostatectomy, the results of 33 patients who underwent both procedures in a hospital in the interior of Paraná were compared; using the Gleason classification modified by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP). Differences were observed between biopsy and prostatectomy for primary Gleason pattern, secondary pattern and score. As evidenced by the overclassification variable and mainly by the subclassification of the pathological stage, showing the difficulties of using the Gleason pattern as the only prognostic and therapeutic decision factor. Gleason correlations were identical in 57.6% of cases, 33.4% differed by just one Gleason score grade, 6% differed by two or more score grades. The Gleason score of radical prostatectomy samples was higher than that of needle biopsy in 33.4% of cases and lower than that of biopsy in 9% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bats are known for their importance in regulating ecosystems, where they are involved in pollination and seed dispersal. Species of phytophagous bats such as Artibeus lituratus often occupy altered areas or even urban regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the diet of A. lituratus on the campus of the State University of Londrina, in a forest fragment with high anthropogenic influence. Four monthly collections were carried out between October 2012 and September 2013 using four mist nets per night. The animals were identified in the field and placed in cotton bags for half an hour to obtain fecal samples for diet analysis. A total of 86 individuals were collected, which provided 42 fecal samples. The results indicated that the diet of A. lituratus is composed mainly of Cecropiaceae and Moraceae fruits. The trophic niche breadth (B’) was higher in March, August and September 2013, but there were no significant differences in diet between the seasons (H = 0.3002, p = 0.96). The preference for pioneer species in the diet of A. lituratus may be indicative of their important role in the restoration of forest fragments, even in urban environments.

Invasive exotic species impact native fauna adversely and are one of the leading causes of global biodiversity change. The domestic dog can be classified as an invasive species after its access to natural areas followed by their ability to survive independently of human intervention. In Brazil, the effects of dog predation and hunting on wildlife remains unclear. In this study, we report five wild-mammal predation events involving domestic dogs in fragments of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (northern Paraná State, Brazil). Between June and September 2018, we found that specimens of Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum), Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo), Sapajus nigritus (black capuchin), and Eira barbara (tayra) were killed by domestic dogs in both urban and rural areas. Invasive domestic dogs can pose a risk to wildlife, especially to threatened species. We suggest that diversified measures be taken to impede and reduce the access of these animals to forest fragments. Furthermore, our findings indicate that control, containment, and eradication measures can reduce the negative effects of domestic dogs on wildlife.

Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys e Babesia vogeli são frequentemente detectados na rotina veterinária com patogênese variada que pode levar à morte, principalmente em coinfecções. Embora os micoplasmas hemotrópicos caninos sejam considerados de baixa importância clínica, recentemente ganharam destaque na pesquisa molecular. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar duas populações hospitalares de cães, selecionadas aleatoriamente no ano de 2013 e 2015, dos municípios de Toledo (n = 68) e Cascavel (n = 107). O exame direto de esfregaços de sangue, sorologia e PCR foram usados para detectar a presença de E. canis, A. platys, B. vogeli e Mycoplasma sp. O esfregaço sanguíneo direto foi negativo para os agentes investigados em todas as amostras. A imunocromatografia sérica (SensPERT ™, VetAll Laboratories, Coréia) em 175 animais mostrou que apenas 4% (n = 7) tinham anticorpos contra E.canis, enquanto 60% (n = 105) foram positivos para Anaplasma sp. Todas as amostras de PCR foram negativas para E. canis, enquanto 18,28% (n = 32) foram positivas para A. platys, 3,42% (n = 6) positivas para Babesia vogeli e 7,41% (n = 13) positivas para Mycoplasma sp. O estudo revelou a presença de A. platys em Toledo e Cascavel por PCR, o que acentua a necessidade de monitorar populações de vetores e hospedeiros usuais e avaliar o risco potencial de infecção em humanos.

There is an increase in tick-borne diseases in dogs in urban and rural areas in Brazil and some of these are of public health importance. Rhipicephalus sanguineus-transmitted hemoparasitoses are the main causes of mortality in dogs. The present study investigated the molecular occurrence of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli and Anaplasma platys in dogs with clinical sings and hematological abnormalities suggestive of tick-borne diseases. These dogs were seen at a Veterinary Hospital of a Public University between January 2014 and December 2016, and were evaluated through anamnesis, clinical examination and complementary exams. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect the presence of hemoparasites DNA. From the 461 dogs that were tested for B. vogeli, 10.6% (49/461) were positive, the associated variable was age. Regarding the 730 animals screened for E. canis, 15.1% (110/730) were positive, and the infection was associated with hematocrit and number of platelets. Relative to the 86 samples evaluated for A. platys, 15.1% (13/86) were positive, and no variable presented statistical significance. From the animals positive for B. vogeli, no of these showed positivity by qPCR for Rangelia vitalii. It is concluded that the occurrence of hemoparasitosis in dogs from the Londrina region is common. Therefore, it is emphasized that molecular techniques should be used as an auxiliary tool for the differential diagnosis of the different etiological agents causing hemoparasitosis. Additionally, these molecular tools are essential for better investigation and preventive assertiveness because it allows to detect parasite DNA.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the presence and identify the species of haemosporidian parasites in eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) in Brazil. Two hundred and eleven male and female eared doves were trap-captured in four different regions of Londrina city, in southern Brazil. Whole blood was collected in EDTA tubes through heart puncture after euthanasia in a CO2 chamber. A nested PCR targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) of Haemoproteus spp./Plasmodium spp. was performed, followed by an enzymatic digestion to identify the genus. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine the closely related species. Out of 211 eared doves, 209 (99.05%) were positive for Haemoproteus spp. and/or Plasmodium spp. RFLP analysis showed that 72.72% (152/209) of eared doves were positive only for Haemoproteus spp., 6.22% (13/209) were positive only for Plasmodium spp., and 21.05% (44/209) of eared doves had mixed infections. Genetic analysis found four samples that were homologous with Haemoproteus multipigmentatus and one that was homologous with Plasmodium sp. This is the first molecular study of hemoparasites from eared doves in Brazil, and it is also the first description of H. multipigmentatus and Plasmodium spp. infection in eared doves in Brazil.

The aim of the present study was to detect Eimeria spp. in eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) from Brazil. Two hundred and fourteen birds were trap-capture in different regions of Londrina city, Paraná state, Southern Brazil. Fecal samples were collected, and DNA extraction was performed. A nested PCR based on the subunit I of the cytochrome c oxidase gene of the Eimeria mitochondrial genome was used to detect the DNA presence of this coccidian in eared dove feces. From 214 birds, 171 (79.9%) were positive for Eimeria spp. There was significantly difference of positivity between the site of capture. When analyzing the genders, the numbers of positive males were 84/103 (81.5%) and females 87/111 (78.4%). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study with molecular prevalence of Eimeria sp. in Z. auriculata. Further studies should be done to identify the species of Eimeria that infect eared doves Z. auriculata.

Existem dados na literatura nacional e internacional sugerindo que a implementação de protocolos melhora desfechos. Contudo, sabe-se que as mudanças obtidas não são mantidas a longo prazo. Nós desenvolvemos este projeto para reavaliar o Protocolo de Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio implementado no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Foram utilizados indicadores de qualidade para comparar dados deste Hospital com os existentes em literatura internacional. Dados dos indicadores de qualidade assistencial foram coletados no sistema de prontuários informatizado Avaliou-se 48 pacientes atendidos na emergência com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM).Vinte e sete do 48 pacientes tiveram IAM com supra de segmento ST. Aspirina foi prescrita em 93,8% e beta-bloqueador em 70,8% dos pacientes nas primeiras 24 horas. Na alta hospitalar, aspirina foi prescrita em 92,7% e beta-bloqueador em 85,4% dos pacientes. O inibidor da enzima de conversão (IECA) foi prescrito em 70,7% e estatina em 85,4%. Setenta e nove por cento dos pacientes foram a cateterismo cardíaco, 56,3% a angioplastia e 6,3% a revascularização miocárdica. Concluímos que os dados obtidos no HCPA são semelhantes aos descritos na literatura internacional, porém aquém do ideal. Unitermos: protocolo; infarto agudo do miocárdio

Abstract This study sought evidence of the validity of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version for a Brazilian sample of 718 individuals, amongst university students (n = 387, M age = 22.1 years) and adults (n = 331, M age = 35.2 years), who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the scale. The transcultural adaptation was carried out using specific protocols as recommended by expert’s committees. The factorial structure was evaluated by three methods: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and Network Analysis. The adjustment parameters were not adequate and Principal Component Analysis explained 39.2% of the variance. The scale showed good reliability (α = 0.81) and a 39.4% prevalence of problematic phone use. The Network Analysis indicated that the correlations between the items were similar in the two populations. This is an unpublished study evaluating the usage pattern of smartphones in a sample of the adult population from all Brazilian states.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that generates changes in the biomechanics of the rib cage. Digital photogrammetry enables the recording of subtle changes and the interrelationship between parts of the human body that are difficult to measure by other means. The aim of this study was to create angles and thoracic distances and to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of these measurements using the Software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO) in patients with AIS. This cross-sectional study evaluated 30 individuals aged between 11 and 18 years with AIS. We used SAPO with the thoracic markers in the form of angles (A) and distances (D) with involves structures like acromion, manubrium, xiphoid process, lower angle of the scapula, last false rib, anterior iliac spine process. Two experienced observers (A and B) analyzed the photos and all followed the same routine of analysis. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was assessed by the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while intraobserver and interobserver reliability was assessed by the T-Test and Wilcoxon's Test. A high repeatability index was obtained among the evaluations, with twelve of the sixteen variables considered as reliable in all statistical tests. The interobserver analyzes presented excellent correlation coefficients (ICC), showing good reliability for six of the sixteen variables proposed. The SAPO method presented good reproducibility and reliability for most of the thoracic markers created, showing that photogrammetry may be a complementary tool in the evaluation of thoracic alterations in patients with AIS.

Protozoans are widely distributed, and several species may parasitize the digestive tracts of cats (Felis catus), and can be transmitted to humans. The present study aimed to evaluate the species and occurrence of gastrointestinal protozoans in cats in the city of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. A total of 206 cat fecal samples were tested, of which 141 were from shelter animals, and 65 were from pets owned by local people. Samples were processed by parasitological techniques. Coproparasitological techniques (Willis, Faust and Ziehl-Neelsen) were performed for detection of protozoan parasites. Subsequently, all samples were processed by PCR protocols specific to Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. PCR products from positive samples were selected for sequencing. No samples were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium spp. using the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Using specific PCR protocols, 1/206 (0.48%) samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium spp. After purification, this one positive sample was sequenced, and it demonstrated a 100% identity match to Cryptosporidium muris. Using specific PCR protocols, 13/206 (9.22%) cat fecal samples tested, including 2/65 (3.08%) pet cat fecal samples, were positive for T. gondii. PCR analysis revealed that 37/206 (17.96%) of cat fecal samples were positive for Giardia spp., including 27/141 (19.15%) of shelter cat fecal samples, and 10/65 (15.38%) pet cat fecal samples (p = 0.5124). When sequenced, these positive samples showed a 100% identity match with Giardia duodenalis. This study demonstrated that infections with Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Giardia duodenalis are present in the population of both pet cats and shelter cats in the city of Londrina. This poses a risk to public health, because these parasites have a high zoonotic potential.

Abstract Anaplasma marginale and piroplasm species are widespread among Brazilian cattle herds. Both of these tick-borne pathogens hamper livestock production and cause a significant economic impact. Although buffaloes have demonstrated a high level of adaptability, data on tick-borne pathogens are scarcely reported in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to screen water buffaloes from the state of Maranhão for piroplasm and A. marginale occurrence using PCR assays. All samples were negative for A. marginale. One of the 287 (0.35%) water buffaloes tested was positive for Theileria sp. Sequencing of the 18S rDNA fragment (356 bp) showed that the Theileria sp. identified was closely related to the T. buffeli /orientalis group. Future studies on the clinical signs of infection and the main vector in this country are needed.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in cattle and sheep from the North Pioneer mesoregion of the state of Paraná. For this, 317 stool samples were collected from cattle and sheep on 16 properties in six municipalities in the North Pioneer mesoregion of Paraná. For detection of Cryptosporidium species, molecular analysis was performed using nested-PCR techniques targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Of the 37 beef cows and 115 calves analyzed, four (10.8%) and 14 (12.2%), respectively, were positive for Cryptosporidium. Of the 12 cows and 52 calves, one (8.3%) and 14 (26.9%), respectively, were positive for Cryptosporidium; and of the 42 ewes and 59 lambs, six (14.3%) and 12 (20.3%), respectively were positive for Cryptosporidium. Cattle (15.3%) and sheep (17.8%) were both susceptible to infection. All the properties of the municipalities of Assaí, Ibaiti and, Leópolis presented infected animals. The study showed that Cryptosporidium occurs in most municipalities assessed, that dairy calves had a higher risk (Odds Ratio=2,66, p-value=0,018) for infection than beef calves, and that sheep are just as susceptible to infection as are cattle, and that further Cryptosporidium studies are developed.

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestation is responsible for significant economic losses in cattle industry. The use of acaricides at strategic times and selection of resistant animals can minimize economic losses. This study aimed to determine the anatomical distribution and population dynamics of R. microplus in the municipality of Óleo, state of São Paulo. This study was conducted using eight male cattle, crossbred zebu-taurine (in accordance with the regional herd). Female R. (B.) microplus, greater than 4 mm, present in the right side of the animals were counted between April 2012 and March 2013. The highest tick number per animal was noted in October (128.25), and the lowest in April (35.5), with three infestation peaks during the study, in May, October, and December, which were influenced by the minimum and maximum mean temperature and rainfall. Among the cranio-caudal regions (anterior, median, and posterior), the posterior had the highest mean tick number, and the anterior had the lowest. The minimum temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation interfered with infestation of dorsoventral regions: in cold months, the lowest infestations were found in the mixed area (ear and tail); in the warm months, in the high region (head, neck, upper ribs, flank, and rump). The lower region (dewlap, cranial limb, lower ribs, abdomen, prepuce, scrotum, and lower limb) always had the highest mean tick number. The tick numbers of the caudal limb and crotch showed strong correlation with the total tick number (+0.88 and +0.70, respectively). These data, grouped according to median, posterior, and crotch regions, showed a stronger correlation with the total tick number (+0.96, +0.90, and +0.70, respectively).

Dogs are considered the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis for humans, which also present a chronic and severe clinical picture when affected. The objective of the present report was to describe a canine visceral leishmaniasis case diagnosed in Londrina, an indene city, and its investigation. A street animal with extensive dermatological lesions, onychogryphosis, mild anemia and leukopenia was attended at a veterinary hospital in Londrina, where positivity was reported for Leishmania spp. in serological tests. Cytology was positive in bone marrow, PCR and parasite culture were positive in skin, spleen, liver, lymph node and bone marrow, and DNA sequencing confirmed the species of the parasite as L. (L.) infantum. The official diagnosis was made by the Central Laboratory of Paraná (LACEN), and through an official report, an investigation of the case was started for the confirmation of autochthony. An active search for the vector and other canine cases in the neighborhood was carried out along with a search for information on the origin of the animal in question. However, the species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, new canine cases, or origin of the sick animal were not identified. Although, the present case cannot be confirmed as autochthonous, we suggest that it is necessary to disseminate the present report to serve as a warning to veterinarians and other public health professionals in the northern region of Paraná to be attentive to suspicious cases and to not fail to investigate these cases to the end.

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The indiscriminate use of chemical acaricides has allowed Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to develop resistance to several active principles. However, botanical extracts have been tested as an alternative method to control those ticks. This experiment studied the chemical fingerprint and acaricidal effect of fresh and dry Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts on R. (B.) microplus. The acaricidal activity of extracts was assessed using in vitro assays with engorged females, and phytochemical characterization was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fresh and dry A. arborescens extracts prepared with the solvents pure ethanol, ethanol-dichloromethane binary mixture, and ethanol-dichloromethane-acetone ternary mixture, contained water-soluble tannins and had a strong effect on the reproductive parameters of R. (B.) microplus demonstrated by a marked decreased in the number of eggs laid and in the larvae hatching rate (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). In conclusion, A. arborescens Mill. has components with acaricidal activity against R. (B.) microplus, and phytotherapy with extracts of this plant may be used as an alternative method of R. (B.) microplus control.

Hemoplasma infections are emerging and wild fauna can represent an important reservoir of these pathogens. However, there are very few epidemiological studies about the occurrence of hemoplasmas in wild cats around the world. The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) evaluate the occurrence and phylogeny of hemoplasmas in captive wild felines at a zoo in the state of Paraná, Brazil, and (2) verify the correlation between subpopulations of these bacteria and the hematological and biochemical parameters of the animals. PCR was used to detect hemoplasmas in the blood of three cougars (Puma concolor), a jaguar (Panthera onca), a tiger (Panthera tigris) and a lion (Panthera leo), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The cougars and jaguar were found to be hemoplasma-positive by PCR. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences enabled the identification of genotypes of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ circulating in this zoo. The identified sequences were closely related to hemoplasma sequences originating from domestic cats and other wild cats, but the infected cougars and jaguar were healthy and showed no hematological or biochemical changes. It was concluded that P. concolor and P. onca are exposed to ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ in Paraná, but further research is suggested to assess the resistance of wild cats to different hemoplasma subpopulations.

Spotted fever is a typically endemic infectious disease caused by rickettsiae from the spotted fever group, of which Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent. It presents high mortality rates in Brazil, with transmission to humans or animals through the bite of infected ticks. The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is an important reservoir for Rickettsia spp.; these bacteria can circulate in an infected animal presenting only fever as a clinical sign of the disease, as demonstrated by experimental infection. Considering the high zoonotic potential and the damage caused to human, animal, and environmental health, this study searched for anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras from an agricultural landscape in the city of Araras, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) technique was used to detect anti-R. rickettsii antibodies. From the 28 serum samples tested using IFA, 18 (64.28%) were considered reactive, with antibody titers ranging from 256 to 2048. Seven (38.88%) samples presented titers of 256, three (16.67%) with titers of 512, five (27.78%) with titers of 1024, and three (16.67%) with titers of 2048. However, it was not possible to significantly associate gender to these serologic results. These results demonstrate that at some point during their lives, the studied capybaras were exposed to the etiologic agent, but it is impossible to know when this occurred. Further studies need to be performed to clarify which serological titers ensure an infection in capybaras, based on clinical and laboratory assessment of rickettsemia, and to establish the relationship between titers and the chronicity of disease. This is necessary owing to the possibility of cross-reactions with other rickettsiae species of the same subgroup, leading to the need for molecular tests to confirm diagnosis.

Objetiva-se com esse artigo analisar, por meio de suas publicações, a atuação do Centro de Pesquisas e Estudos Urbanísticos da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo no cumprimento de suas finalidades: a organização de planos diretores, suas análises e inquéritos preliminares; a realização de planos e estudos do uso da terra, com a proposição de regulamentos. Esta análise focaliza o período entre 1957, quando o Centro de Pesquisas e Estudos Urbanísticos foi instalado, e 1961, fase em que foi dirigido por Luís de Anhaia Mello. Criado em um contexto de construção do campo profissional do arquiteto como urbanista, o Centro desenvolveu estudos e pesquisas na área de Planejamento Urbano, bem como Planos Diretores em municípios do Estado de São Paulo, promovendo a divulgação de seus processos de levantamento e produção de projetos urbanísticos. Por meio dessa atividade prática, de modo pioneiro, foram consolidadas as bases teóricas para o ensino do urbanismo e para a atuação profissional do arquiteto e urbanista no Estado de São Paulo. PALAVRAS‑CHAVE: Arquitetura e urbanismo. Planejamento urbano. Plano diretor em município.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine whether the macroindentation test can be applied to quantitatively assess bone regeneration. Methods: A 3.2 mm diameter transverse monocortical defect was created on the medial aspect of both proximal metaphyses of the tibia of male Unib-WH rats. For the macroindentation tests, we used 5.00 mm diameter indenters with a 3.2 mm tip. Defect testing was performed 1 to 12 weeks following the surgical procedures to compare the hardness of the newly developed tissue over the 12-week study period. Additional histological, morphological and physical/chemical data were obtained by optical and electronic microscopy, Raman, and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Results: The mean indentation forces increased in a time-dependent manner from 4 to 12 weeks (p

Os declínios causados pelo envelhecimento desenvolvem alterações no equilíbrio e capacidade funcional do idoso, predispondo ao surgimento de quedas. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o risco de quedas em idosos. O estudo é de natureza transversal, com coleta por meio da aplicação do teste Timed up and go (TUGT) e a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg. Estudo composto por 20 idosos com média de idade de 66,4 ± 9,7 anos; na escala de Berg a pontuação obtida foi de 51,3 ± 2,8 pontos, e no Teste TUGT, 9,90 ± 3,14 seg. Os participantes foram subdivididos em dois grupos de acordo com seu resultado no BERG: Grupo Maior e Grupo Menor. Na análise comparativa não houve diferença significativa, obtendo melhor resultado no TUGT o grupo maior (p=0,1937). Diante do escore encontrado no presente estudo, caracteriza-se a população como sem risco de quedas. Desse modo destacando a importância de programas para prevenção e promoção da saúde na população idosa nas Estratégiad de Saúde da Família (ESFs) que atuam.

No contexto dos aspectos referentes à aplicação da recente Lei de Acesso à Informação (Lei n.º 12.527/2011), do Brasil, o presente trabalho traz, como objetivo principal, uma pesquisa jurisprudencial a fim de revelar como funciona essa norma, junto a seus variados efeitos jurídicos, nos principais Tribunais de Justiça do país. O grande esforço deste mandamento legal é o de regulamentar os procedimentos a serem seguidos pelos entes a ela sujeitos. Assim, tal lei propõe-se a promover o máximo de acesso às informações públicas, quanto possível, pronta a inaugurar novos mecanismos de promoção ao exercício de uma cidadania mais ativa por parte dos administrados, no exercício do controle do Estado. Sobre a metodologia desenvolvida, o trabalho apresenta uma análise de cem acórdãos judiciais dos cinco maiores Tribunais de Justiça brasileiros, distribuído vinte para cada ente federativo. As conclusões finais extraídas da pesquisa revelam quais são os principais instrumentos processuais utilizados, os sujeitos (ativos e passivos) da relação jurídica formada com base na Lei de Acesso à Informação, quais as motivações mais relevantes ao se fazer uso desta Lei e, ainda, apresenta qual o índice de manifestações judiciais que determinaram o sigilo, constando todas essas decisões devidamente esmiuçadas.

Porcine virus type 2 (PCV2) is an emergent virus found in commercial pig farms and may cause clinical or subclinical infection. Wild pigs such as collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) and white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) may also be infected by PCV2. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to molecularly identify PCV2 in whole blood samples of captive peccaries (16 collared and 6 white-lipped) by conventional and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although the housekeeping gene (?-actin) DNA was successfully amplified, all 22 peccaries tested negative for PCV2 by both molecular methods. Previous studies have shown no antibodies against PCV2 in 49 free-range collared peccaries of Southern Brazil but PCV2 DNA was detected by PCR in tissue samples of 9/10 (90.0%) collared and 3/3 (100%) white-lipped free-ranging peccaries from Central and Northern Brazil. In conclusion, although PCV2 may be endemic in free ranging wild pigs of Central and Northern Brazil, lack of serological and molecular PCV2 evidence (in whole blood) of both captive and free-range wild pigs may indicate low risk of disease in Southern Brazil.

ABSTRACT Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a respiratory condition characterized by irregular breathing patterns that occur either in the absence of concurrent diseases or secondary to cardiopulmonary diseases. Although the primary symptom is often dyspnea or “air hunger”, DB is also associated with nonrespiratory symptoms such as dizziness and palpitations. DB has been identified across all ages. Its prevalence among adults in primary care in the United Kingdom is approximately 9.5%. In addition, among individuals with asthma, a positive diagnosis of DB is found in a third of women and a fifth of men. Although DB has been investigated for decades, it remains poorly understood because of a paucity of high-quality clinical trials and validated outcome measures specific to this population. Accordingly, DB is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, given the similarity of its associated symptoms (dyspnea, tachycardia, and dizziness) to those of other common cardiopulmonary diseases such as COPD and asthma. The high rates of misdiagnosis of DB suggest that health care professionals do not fully understand this condition and may therefore fail to provide patients with an appropriate treatment. Given the multifarious, psychophysiological nature of DB, a holistic, multidimensional assessment would seem the most appropriate way to enhance understanding and diagnostic accuracy. The present narrative review was developed as a means of summarizing the available evidence about DB, as well as improving understanding of the condition by researchers and practitioners.

ABSTRACT: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the major cause of diarrhea in newborn and weaned pigs. Bacteria adhesion to the host cell is considered a specific phenomenon among fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins with their respective receptors on enterocytes. Enteric disorders are related with the fimbriae F4 (K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F41, and F18. In addition to ETEC, another category of E. coli , porcine pathogenic E. coli (PEPEC),can cause diarrhea in pigs; it produces the porcine attaching and effacing-associated (Paa) adhesin in, which is capable to cause a typical lesion known as an attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion. Immunization of sows with adhesin is important to stimulate the production of antibodies and their subsequent transfer to piglets through colostrum. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the main impacts of enteric diseases caused by E. coli in swine production and to highlight the importance of continuing research on this bacterium to improve disease prevention through vaccination.

In the present study, we evaluated a cocktail of recombinant plasmids encoding the major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4, rMSP5, VirB9 and VirB10) to improve the humoral and cellular immune response triggered in calves. Ten calves were divided in three groups: Four calves were inoculated with the plasmids/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with empty vector (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG level 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p

The leishmaniasis are a group of globally widespread parasitic diseases caused by a protozoa of the genus Leishmania, the state of Paraná accounts for 98% of leishmaniasis human cases in southern Brazil and the dogs might serve as a sentinel of the risk of infection to humans in a given area. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in dogs residents in two different environments, they are: recycling of solid waste centers (Group 1) and a neighborhood adjacent to a forest (Group 2), both in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection in these different realities. Serum samples, randomly collected, from 61 dogs from Group 1 and from 74 dogs from Group 2 were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) to research for anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies. Of the 135 dogs analyzed, 13 animals (9.6%) were positive; nine (14.7%) in Group 1 and four (5.4%) in Group 2, the difference between the groups is not statistically significant. These results suggest the presence of the protozoan Leishmania spp. in both environments studied which indicate potential for infection in the human population.

Studies describing the diet of fish are important to determine trophic chain relationships, habitat occupation, trophic niches, and to define food habits of species. To describe the diet of Rhinodoras dorbignyi, six collections were made bimonthly in the upper Paranapanema River, SP, from April 2010 to February 2011. Of the 63 samples collected, 30 had stomach content. The diet of this species was determined using two methods: (i) alimentary index (AI%) and (ii) graphical analysis of feeding strategy. Based on the results, R. dorbignyi is an insectivorous species and autochthonous items play an important role in the diet of this species.

Theileria equi is the causative agent of worldwide piroplasmosis, an important tick-borne disease of equids associated to a lifetime carrier state of infected horses. Since rapid, accessible and reliable tests have been posted as a challenge for clinicians, the aim of the present study was to verify the agreement between an in-house immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) and a commercial competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) in a population of 198 carthorses from Southern Brazil. The horse seroreactivity for T. equi revealed 152/198 (76.8%) positive samples by IFA and 155/198 (78.3%) by cELISA. Using cELISA as gold standard, IFA has shown a sensitivity of 91.6% (95% CI = 86.18-95.03%) and specificity of 76.7% (95% CI = 62.26-86.85%), with a substantial degree of agreement (k = 0.8445). In conclusion, the in-house IFA may be used as a screening test for diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis.

No Brasil, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960, a profissão do arquiteto e o ensino de arquitetura passaram, em sintonia, por profundas alterações. Essas modificações, resultado das influências presentes nos ideais do contexto internacional se concretizaram, no contexto nacional, a partir da sua difusão em periódicos e em eventos nacionais como os Congressos Brasileiros de Arquitetos e Encontros Nacionais de Estudantes de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Em São Paulo, as mudanças foram consequência da associação de diversos agentes que se consorciaram através do principal órgão da categoria dos arquitetos, o Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil (IAB/SP). Nesse contexto, este artigo se propõe a analisar as circunstâncias e os agentes envolvidos nas discussões que culminaram no que se conhece como a Reforma de 1962 da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), que tinha como intuito formar o arquiteto moderno. Para tal, a pesquisa, de caráter documental, considerou os debates presentes nos boletins e atas das assembleias do IAB/SP e os documentos existentes nos arquivos da FAUUSP e da Escola Politécnica da USP, no período compreendido entre a fundação da FAUUSP (1948) e a Reforma de 1962. O que se viu, foi o surgimento de um novo perfil profissional, o do arquiteto e urbanista.

ABSTRACT Dams are considered an important source of modification upon the structure of aquatic communities and their reflexes are diverse on the fish fauna. Although there are several hydroelectric power plants in Brazil, the long-term effects on feeding activity of ichthyofauna are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of an old reservoir (fifty years) on the trophic dynamics of fish fauna. The diet of 20 fish species was analyzed, identifying 37 food items belonging to six trophic categories, which enable to create six trophic groups. The results found here suggests that throughout the creation of a reservoir, the trophic structure of the fish assemblages tend to reach trophic homeostasis, in which the fish community will be capable of exploring the most available food resources being maintained primarily by the items placed in the categories organic matter and fragments of fish and vegetal.